Chapter 4 - Individual Values, Perceptions, and Reactions

CHAPTER 4: Individual Values, Perceptions, and Reactions
Attitudes A person's complexes of beliefs and feelings about specific ideas, situations, or other
people.
Cognition The knowledge a person presumes to have about something.
Cognitive Dissonance An incompatibility or conflict between behavior and an attitude or between two different
attitudes.
Affect A person's feeling toward something.
Intention Component of an attitude that guides a person's behavior.
Organizational Reflects the degree to which an employee identifies with the organization and its goals
Commitment and wants to stay with the organization.
Job Satisfaction Reflects our attitudes and feelings about our job.
Values Ways of behaving or end-states that are desirable to a person or to a group.
Employee Heightened emotional and intellectual connection that an employee has for his/her job,
Engagement organization, manager, or coworkers that, in turn, influences him/her to apply additional
discretionary effort to his/her work.
Instrumental Values Our preferred means of achieving our terminal values or our preferred ways of behaving.
Terminal Values Reflect our long-term life goals, and may include prosperity, happiness, a secure family,
and a sense of accomplishment.
Extrinsic Work Relate to the outcomes of doing work.

Values
Intrinsic Work Values Relate to the work itself.
Intrapersonal Value Conflict between the instrumental value of ambition and the terminal value of happiness.
Conflict
Interpersonal Value Occurs when two different people hold conflicting values.
Conflicts
Individual- When an employee's values conflict with the values of the organization.
Organization Value
Conflict
Moods Short-term emotional states that are not directed toward anything in particular.
Emotions Intense, short-term physiological, behavioral, and psychological reactions to a specific

object, person, or event that prepare us to respond to it.
Affectivity Represents our tendency to experience a particular mood or to react to things with certain
emotions.
Positive Affect Reflects a combination of high energy and positive evaluation characterized by emotions
like elation.
Perception The set of processes by which an individual becomes aware of and interprets information
about the environment.
Negative Affect Comprises feelings of being upset, fearful, and distressed.
Selective Perception The process of screening out information that we are uncomfortable with or that contradict
sour beliefs.
Stereotyping The process of categorizing or labeling people on the basis of a single attribute
Organizational Refers to employees' perceptions of organizational events, policies, and practices as being
Fairness fair or not fair.
Attribution The way we explain the causes of our own as well as other people's behaviors and
achievements, and understand why people do what they do.
Procedural Fairness Addresses the fairness of the procedures used to generate the outcome.
Distributive Fairness Refers to the perceived fairness of the outcome received, including resource distributions,
promotions, hiring and layoff decisions, and raises.
Interactional Fairness Whether the amount of information about the decision and the process was adequate, and
the perceived fairness of the interpersonal treatment and explanations received during the
decision-making process.
Stress A person's adaptive response to a stimulus that places excessive psychological or physical
demands on that person.
Eustress The pleasurable stress that accompanies positive events.
Trust The expectation that another person will not act to take advantage of us regardless of our
ability to monitor or control them.
General Adaptation Identifies three stages of response to a stressor: alarm, resistance, and exhaustion.
Syndrome (GAS)
Distress The unpleasant stress that accompanies negative events.
Organizational Factors in the workplace that can cause stress

Stressors
Burnout A general feeling of exhaustion that develops when an individual simultaneously

experiences too much pressure and has too few sources of satisfaction.
Work-Life Interrelationships between a person's work life and personal life.

Relationships

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CHAPTER 4: Individual Values, Perceptions, and Reactions

Cognition The knowledge a person presumes to have about something.

Affect A person's feeling toward something.

Intention Component of an attitude that guides a person's behavior.

Values Ways of behaving or end-states that are desirable to a person or to a group.

Extrinsic Work Relate to the outcomes of doing work.

Intrinsic Work Values Relate to the work itself.

Emotions Intense, short-term physiological, behavioral, and psychological reactions to a specific

Negative Affect Comprises feelings of being upset, fearful, and distressed.

Eustress The pleasurable stress that accompanies positive events.

Distress The unpleasant stress that accompanies negative events.

Organizational Factors in the workplace that can cause stress

Burnout A general feeling of exhaustion that develops when an individual simultaneously

Work-Life Interrelationships between a person's work life and personal life.

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