Chapter 13
Chapter 13
Chapter 13
• A not-for-profit organization is one whose goals involve something other than earning a
profit for owners, usually the provision of services.
• Rather than measuring success with profits, success is measured by how much the
organization contributes to the public well-being with the resources available to it.
Determining whether an NFP Organization is Governmental
Other organization are governmental organization if they have one or more of the following
characteristics:
- Popular election of officers or appointment for (or approval) of a controlling majority of
the members of the organization’s governing body by officials of one or more state or
local government
- The potential for unilateral dissolution by a government with the net assets reverting to a
government
- The power to enact and enforce a tax levy
Organization are also considered governmental if they have the ability to directly issue debt that
pays interest exempt from federal taxation.
Financial Reporting
- Statement of financial Position, this statement also known as a balance sheet, shows total
assets, total liabilities, and the difference, net assets, for the organization as a whole.
- Statement of Activities, the statement of activities is an operating statement that present,
in aggregated fashion, all changes in unrestricted net assets, temporarily restricted net
assets, permanently restricted net assets, and total net assets for the reporting period.
- Statement of Cash Flow, FASB ASC 230-10-15-2 and 3 required NFPs to prepare a
statement of cash flows using the same guidance as business entities: Operating,
investing, and financing.
- Statement of Functional Expenses, functional expenses are those that relate to either the
program or mission of the organization (program expenses) or the management and
general and fund-raising expenses required to support the programs (support expenses).
- Notes to the Financial Statement, are an integral part of the financial statements of NFPs.
Accounting For NFP Organizations
- Revenue and Gains
Revenue in the traditional sense, represent increases in unrestricted net assets arising
from exchange transactions in which the other party to the transaction is presumed to
receive direct tangible benefit commensurate with the resource provide.
Gain such as realized gains on investment transactions and gains on sale or disposal of
equipment, are increases in net assets that relate to peripheral or incidental transactions of
the entity and often are beyond the control of management.
(Contributions, donated materials and services, donated land building and equipment,
special events, split-interest gifts, contribution of assets involving an intermediary)
- Accounting for expenses
(Functional expenses, fund-raising—Allocation of joint costs, management and general
expenses.)
- Accounting for Assets
(Assets with restrictions on use, investment, collection items)
Pelaporan Keuangan
- Laporan Posisi Keuangan, pernyataan ini juga dikenal sebagai neraca, menunjukkan total
aset, total kewajiban, dan perbedaan, aset bersih, untuk organisasi secara keseluruhan.
- Pernyataan Kegiatan, pernyataan kegiatan adalah pernyataan operasi yang menyajikan,
secara agregat, semua perubahan dalam aset bersih yang tidak terbatas, aset bersih
yang dibatasi sementara, aset bersih yang dibatasi secara permanen, dan total aset
bersih untuk periode pelaporan.
- Pernyataan Arus Kas, FASB ASC 230-10-15-2 dan 3 mengharuskan NFPuntuk menyiapkan
laporan arus kas menggunakan panduan yang sama dengan badan usaha: Operasi,
investasi, dan pembiayaan.
- Pernyataan Biaya Fungsional, biaya fungsional adalah yang berhubungan dengan
program atau misi organisasi (biaya program) atau manajemen dan biaya umum dan
penggalangan dana yang diperlukan untuk mendukung program (biaya dukungan).
- Catatan untuk Laporan Keuangan, merupakan bagian integral dari laporan keuangan
NFPs.
Akuntansi untuk Organisasi NFP
- Pendapatan dan Keuntungan
Pendapatan dalam arti tradisional, mewakili peningkatan aset bersih tak terbatas yang
timbul dari transaksi pertukaran di mana pihak lain dalam transaksi dianggap menerima
manfaat nyata langsung sepadan dengan penyediaan sumber daya.
Keuntungan seperti keuntungan yang direalisasikan atas transaksi investasi dan
keuntungan atas penjualan atau pembuangan peralatan, adalah peningkatan aset bersih
yang berhubungan dengan transaksi periferal atau insidental entitas dan sering berada
di luar kendali manajemen.
(Kontribusi, bahan dan layanan yang disumbangkan, bangunan dan peralatan tanah
yang disumbangkan, acara khusus, hadiah bunga split, kontribusi aset yang melibatkan
perantara)
- Akuntansi untuk biaya
(Biaya fungsional, penggalangan dana — Alokasi biaya bersama, manajemen, dan biaya
umum.)
- Akuntansi untuk Aset
(Aset dengan pembatasan penggunaan, investasi, barang koleksi)