Name: ___________________________

Grade and Section: _________________

Learning Module No. 4

Kinematics in Two Dimensions

What is this module about?

In this module, you will continue learning about kinematics of motion. Motion in real life is not limited
to one dimension. Motion can also be described and analyzed in two or more dimensions. To do this, you need
to resolve motion into components and look at the straight line motion in each dimension separately. To recall,
one-dimensional motion (1-D) concentrated strictly along the x-axis or y-axis, whereas two-dimensional (2-
D) motion is where an object undergoes motion along the x and y axes “ at the same time.” The position of an
object in 2-D space can be plotted by its (x, y). You will study about projectile and circular motion in a 2-D
motion. However, you include free fall motion, and although it is considered 1-D, it is also a type of projectile
motion in which there is no horizontal movement. Remember, in all these type of motion, the only force acting
on them is their WEIGHT (w) and their contant acceleration downward is due to GRAVITY (g). Together,
you will move on, you are free to circumnavigate the world!
Lesson 1: Free Fall Motion
Lesson 2: Motion using relative velocities in 1D and 2D
Lesson 3: Projectile Motion
Lesson 4: Circular Motion
Lesson 5: Solving Problem involving 2D motion

What do you need to learn?

At the end of this module, you will be able to:
1. solve problems involving one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration in contexts such as,
but not limited to, the “tail-gating phenomenon”, pursuit, rocket launch, and free- fall problems;
STEM_GP12KIN-Ib-19
2. describe motion using the concept of relative velocities in 1D and 2D; STEM_GP12KIN-Ic-20
3. deduce the consequences of the independence of vertical and horizontal components of projectile
Motion; STEM_GP12KIN-Ic-22
4. infer quantities associated with circular motion such as tangential velocity, centripetal acceleration,
tangential acceleration, radius of curvature; and STEM_GP12KIN-Ic-25
5. solve problems involving two dimensional motion in contexts such as, but not limited to ledge
jumping, movie stunts, basketball, safe locations during firework displays, and ferris wheels.
STEM_GP12KIN-Ic-26
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 Pre-Test (Check Your Understanding)
This test aims to measure what you already know about the topic.

Directions: Read the following questions carefully. Encircle only the letter of the correct answer.

1) Which of the following is a plane (named after French mathematician Rene Descartes, who formalized its
use in Mathematics) defined by two perpendicular number lines: the x-axis, which is horizontal, and the y-
axis, which is vertical?
a) Cartesian plane
b) Air Plane
c) Dimensional Plane
d) Accelerating Plane
2) Which of the following is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction? It is typically represented by
an arrow whose direction is the same as that of the quantity and whose length is proportional to the quantity's
magnitude?
a) Scalar
b) Vector
c) Victor
d) Motion
3) Which of the following is a quantity that is fully described by a magnitude (or numerical value) alone?
a) Scalar
b) Vector
c) Victor
d) Motion
4) Which of the following physical quantities makes a push or pull upon an object resulting from the object's
interaction with another object?
a) Gravity
b) Friction
c) Acceleration
d) Force
5) Which of the following refers to the path that an object with mass in motion follows through space as a
function of time?
a) Position
b) Distance
c) Displacement
d) Trajectory
6) While playing on the International Space Station (ISS), to neglect the effects of gravity, you attached a rock
to a rope, and were swinging it around in a circle very quickly, then the rope suddenly broke. What did the
path of the rock look like before it hit the ISS window a few feet away?
a) An arc
b) A parabola
c) A hyperbola
d) A line (straight path)
7) In physics, when a NASCAR races around a circular track at 160 mph, what keeps it from flying off the
sides of the track?
a) Gravitational Force
b) Centripetal Force
c) Frictional Force
d) Electromagnetic Force

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8) A car travels in a circle with constant speed. Which of the following is the net force of the car?
a) It is zero because the car is not accelerating.
b) It is directed forward, in the direction of travel.
c) It is directed toward the center of the curve.
d) None of the above
9) Which of the following is the direction of the force that acts on clothes in the spin cycle of a washing
machine?
a) Inward
b) Down
c) Outward
d) Up
10) A Philippine communication satellite Diwata I is in a circular orbit around Earth. If the speed of the
satellite is constant, which of the following is the force acting on the satellite?
a) zero
b) It is decreasing.
c) It points toward the center of the Earth at all times.
d) It points in the direction that the satellite is moving.

Refer to the Answer Key on the last page of this module to check your answers.

Day 1
Activity Title: AM FREE
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to solve problems involving one-dimensional
motion with constant acceleration in contexts such as, but not limited to, the “tail-gating phenomenon”,
pursuit, rocket launch, and free- fall problems; and describe motion using the concept of relative velocities in
1D and 2D.
Values/Graduate Attributes : The learners will be critical thinkers and problem solvers.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Silverio, A. (2017). ELTS: Gen. Physics 1 Page(s): 65- 69
I. CONCEPT NOTES
Free Fall – It is the idealized motion of a falling object, which is acted upon only by the force of gravity.
In the absence of air resistance, a falling body has a constant a of g equal to 9.8m/s2 at Earth’s surface.
Since objects falls because of pull of g, this a is downward and directed toward Earth’s center.
The pull of g on an object is = to the w of the object

Equation: The d the object falls, or height h, h = ½ g t2, meters

v = g t m/s

Kinematic Equations:
d = v0 * t + ½ * a * t2 vf2 = v02 + 2 * a * d
vf = v0 + a * t d = ((v0 + vf ) / 2) * t

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II. EXAMPLES
1. Markus drops a stone from the top of a roof located 8.52m above the ground. Determine the t required
for the stone to reach the ground.
Given : vo = 0.0m/s
d = - 8.52m
a = - 9.8 m/s2
Find : t = ?

*** How many variables are involved?

*** Check all kinematic equations.

Solution: d= v0 * t + ½ * a * t2
-8.52m = (0m/s) * (t) + ½ * (-9.8m/s2) * (t)2
-8.52m = (0m/s) * (t) + (-4.9 m/s2) * (t)2
-8.52m = (-4.9 m/s2) * (t)2
2
t = (-8.52m) / (-4.9 m/s2)
= (-8.52m) / (-4.9 m/s2)
= 1.739s2
t = √1.739
t = 1.32s
2. A rock is thrown straight up and reaches a height of 10m.
a) How long (time) was the rock in the air? b) What is the v of the rock?
h = ½ g t2 v = gt
10m = ½ (9.8m/s2) t2 = (9.8m/s2)(1.42s)
10m = (4.9m/s2) t2 = 13.91m/s
2
t = (10m) / (4.9m/s2)
= 2.04s2
t = √2.04
= 1.42s
Dimension, in physics and mathematics, the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is defined as the
minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it.
1D – It is a line has a dimension of one (1D) because only one coordinate is needed to specify a point on it.
2D – It is a surface such as a plane or the surface of a cylinder or sphere has a dimension of two (2D) because
two coordinates are needed to specify a point on it – for example, both a latitude and longitude are
required to locate a point on the surface of a sphere.
Motion, in physics, is the phenomenon in which an object changes∆ its position over time.

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EXAMPLE
1. A cannonball is launched horizontally with no upward angle whatsoever and with an initial speed of
20 m/s. If there were no gravity, the cannonball would continue in motion at 20 m/s in the horizontal (x-
axis) direction. Yet in actuality, gravity causes the cannonball to accelerate downwards at a rate of 9.8
m/s/s. This means that the vertical velocity (y-axis) is changing by 9.8 m/s every second.
If a vector diagram (showing the velocity of the cannonball at 1-second intervals of time) is used to represent
how the x- and y-components of the velocity of the cannonball is changing with time, then x- and y- velocity
vectors could be drawn and their magnitudes labeled. The lengths of the vector arrows are representative of
the magnitudes of that quantity.

The important concept depicted in the above vector diagram is that the horizontal velocity remains constant
during the course of the trajectory and the vertical velocity changes by 9.8 m/s every second. These same two
concepts could be depicted by a table illustrating how the x- and y-component of the velocity vary with time

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Day 2
Activity Title: AIM AND SHOOT
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to deduce the consequences of the independence of
vertical and horizontal components of projectile motion.
Values/Graduate Attributes : The learners will become critical thinkers and problem solvers.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Silverio, A. (2017). ELTS: Gen Physics 1 Page(s): 71
I. CONCEPT NOTES
Projectile Motion – It is the motion of an object thrown or projected into the air, subject only the acceleration
of g (9.8m/s2). It is a combination of uniform horizontal motion and free-fall. These two components of
projectile motion are independent to each other.
Projectile – It is the object that moves in an arc, horizontally with constant v and vertically with a due to g.
Trajectory Path – It takes the shape of a parabola or curved path.
Range - It forms the point of release of the projectile to the end reached by the projectile.
Height – It is from the lowest point to the highest point reached by the projectile.
Equations: v = u– g t
d = v0 t – ½ g t2
vf2
= v02 – 2 g d
where: v0 = initial velocity
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8m/s2
t = time
d = displacement in horizontal direction; h = vertical direction
vf = final velocity
II. EXAMPLES
1. From a top of JK building, Julian throws the ball to the +x direction with an v0 of 10m/s. Time, t
elapsed during the motion is 5s.
a) Find h in vertical direction h = ½ g t2
= (4.9 m/s2) (5s)2
= (4.9 m/s2) (25s2)
= 122.5 m
b) vy vertical velocity (Note: in vertical direction (y-axis) = free fall)
v from y-axis vy = - g t
= (-9.8m/s2) (5s)
= -49 m/s
2. A bullet fired at an angle, θ = 60o with a velocity of 20 m/s. The acceleration due to g is 10 m/s2.
a) What is the initial v at the horizontal direction (x axis) vox = vo cos 60o
= (20m/s) (0.5)
= 10 m/s
b) What is the initial v at the vertical direction (y axis) : voy = vo sin 60o
= (20) sin 60o
= 10√3 m/s
c) What is the time interval to reach the Hmax? vty = voy + g t
0 = 10√3 m/s + (10m/s2) (t)
t = (10√3 m/s) / (10m/s2)
= √3sec
*** vty = the final v in the vertical direction = the final v at the highest point = 0 m/s

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Day 3
Activity No.1: Problem solving involving one-dimensional motion.
Time started : ______
Time finished : ______
Directions: Solve the problems and show the complete solution in each item.

1. At the start of a basketball game in your school, referee Morales tosses

a coin upward with an v0 = +5.00 m/s. The v of the coin is momentarily
zero when the coin reaches its ymax. Find the ymax (vertical displacement)
of the coin above its release point?
Given : y = ?
a = - 9.8m/s2
vf = 0m/s
v0 = + 5.00m/s
Equation: y = (v – v0 ) / 2a
2 2

2. The boy drops the ball from a roof of the house which takes 3s to hit the ground (g = 10m/s²).
a) Calculate the v before the ball crashes to the ground. v=gt
3. You are standing at the edge of a cliff and drop a ball. It takes 10s to hit the ground.
a) How high up are you? h = ½ g t2
b) What is the v? v = gt
4. At t = 0s a ball rolls off the edge of a vertical cliff. At t = 2.0s the ball is 6.0m from the cliff as shown.
a) How far is the ball from the cliff at t = 4.0s?
(v = d / t)

5. An aircraft is moving horizontally with a speed of 45.5 m/s.

At the h of 2 km, an object is dropped from the aircraft.
(a = g = 10 m/s2)
a) what is the t interval before the object hits the ground?
h = ½ g t2

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Day 4
Activity Title:THE MYSTERY OF CIRCLE
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to infer quantities associated with circular motion
such as tangential velocity, centripetal acceleration, tangential acceleration, radius of curvature.
Values/Graduate Attributes : The learners will become critical thinkers and problem solvers.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Silverio, A. (2017). ELTS: Gen Physics 1 Page(s): 73
I. CONCEPT NOTES
Circular Motion- It is a 2-D movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a
circular path.
vT – It is the speed v of a body moving in a circular path with a radius of curvature r at any instant is directed
tangentially.
aT - it is parallel or anti-parallel to the tangential velocity (vT) and, is responsible for the changes in the linear
speed of a given body.
ac or Radial – It is directed toward the center of the circle and perpendicular to the circular path. It is also
responsible for changes in the direction of the v.
Equations: Ave Speed (v) a either of the two
v = distance / time 1) a = v2 / R
= (2*π*R) / T 2) a = (4 * π2 * R) / T2
Where: Fnet = ma
v = speed T = period
R = radius π = 3.14 (constant Pi)
II. EXAMPLES
1) A 800kg tractor moving at 20m/s takes a turn around a circle with a R of 25.0m. Find a) the ac
b) the Fnet acting upon the car.
Given: m = 800kg Find: a = ?
v = 20m/s Fnet = ?
R = 25.0m
Solution: ac = v2 / R Fnet = m a
2
= (20m/s) / (25m) = (800kg)(16m/s2)
2 2
= (400m /s ) / (25m) = 12800kg.m/s2 or 12800 N
= 16 m/s2
2) A 95-kg chariot makes a turn on a deserted field. It sweeps out a path that is a portion of a circle with
a R of 12m. It makes a quarter (¼) of a turn around the circle in 2.1s.
Given: m = 95kg Find: v = ?
R = 12m a=?
d = ¼ or 0.25 Fnet = ?
Solution:
a) v =d/T
= (2πR) / T
= (0.25) (2 * 3.14) (12m) / (2.1s)
= 8.97 m/s
b) ac = v2 / R
= (8.97m/s)2 / (12m)
= (80.5m2/s2) / (12m)
=6.71m/s2

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 c) Fnet = ma
= (95kg)(6.71m/s2)
= 637kg.m/s2
= 637N
III. EXERCISE
Directions: Solve the problems and show the complete solution in each item.
1) A Ferris wheel is standing 50 stories high and can hold 800 passengers. It has a diameter of 200m and takes
approximately 30mins to make a full circle.
a) Determine the vT or simply v of riders in m/s. ( vT = 2πr / T )
2) A bicycle wheel of R 1.3m undergoes 25 rotations in 60s.
a) Find total distance travelled (Number of rot * (2πr))
b) Find vT
c) Find ac

Day 5
Activity Title: NO PROBLEM
Learning Target/Competency: The learners will be able to solve problems involving two dimensional
motion in contexts such as, but not limited to ledge jumping, movie stunts, basketball, safe locations during
firework displays, and ferris wheels.
Values/Graduate Attributes : The learners will become critical thinkers and problem solvers.
Reference(s) & Author(s): Silverio, A. (2017). ELTS: Gen Physics 1 Page(s): 74
Free Fall
1) Jude throws the ball straight upward. After 1s it reaches its H, then it does free fall motion which takes
2s. Given : ( g = 10m/s²) Find a) H, b) v of the ball before it crashes the ground.
v Upward v Downward Distance or H
v = g*t v = -g*t h = ½ g * t²
= 10m/s² * 1s = -10m/s² * 2s = ½ 10m/s² * (2s)²
= 10m/s = - 20m/s = 5m/s² * 4s²
= 20m
Projectile Motion
1) A round marble rolls across a platform with an v0 of 1.0m/s. The platform is 1.0m above the floor.
(g = 10.0m/s2).
a) Where the does the marble hit the floor?
b) How long does it take to fall a distance of y = 1.0m?
c) How long does it take to fall distance of y = 1.0m?
y = ½ g t2
1.0m = (½) (10.0m/s2) t2
1.0m = (5m/s2) t2
2
t = (1.0m) / (5m/s2)
t2 = √0.2s2
t = 0.44s

How far does it move, horizontally, in a t = 0.44s

x = vx t
= (1.0m/s)(0.44s)
x = 0.44m

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2) Study the motion path of the cannonball as illustrated below, with the following information
Angle at horizontal (x) = cos53º = .8
Angle at vertical (y) = sin53º = .6
g = 10 m/s2 (round off for computation)
h = 60m

Key components
Initial launch angle = θ
Time of flight = T
Horizontal velocity = vx
Vertical velocity = vy
Maximum height = H
Range = R

Find: H
horizontal distance = along x-axis
total time
Find Components of v
vx = v * cos53 vy = v * sin53
= (25m/s)(.6) = (25m/s)(.8)
= 15m/s = 20m/s
Find Motion in Vertical (vy)
vf = v0 – g t
0 = 20m/s – 10m/s2 * t
t = (20m/s) / (10m/s2)
= 2s t required for cannon ball to reach H
h = v0 t – ½ g t2
= (20m/s) (2s) – (5)(2s)2
= 40m/s2 – (5)(4s2)
= 40m/s2 – 20s2
h = 20m of the cannon ball when it was fired from its mouth

H = 20m + 60m = 80m

Find free fall time from the H Motion in horizontal (x-axis)

h = ½ g t2 x = v * total t
80m = (5m/s2) t2 = 15m/s * 6s
2
t = 80m / 5m/s2 = 90m
t = √16
t = 4s
total t = 4s + 2s = 6s

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Circular Motion
Two Types of Circular Motion
1) A rotation is when an object spins around
an internal axis.
2) A revolution is when an object turns around
an external point beyond the axis.

EXAMPLE
1) Determine the centripetal force acting upon a 30-kg child who makes 10rev around the cliffhanger in 29.3s.
The R of the barrel is 3.90m.
Given: m = 30 kg T = 2.93s ( 10 cycles takes 29.3s)
R = 3.90m Centripetal Force (F) = ?
v =d/T a = v2 / R Fnet =ma
= (2*π*R) / T = (8.35m/s)2 / 3.90m = 30kg * 18.87m/s2
= (2*3.14*3.90m) / 2.93s = (69.72m2/s2) / 3.90m = 566N
= 8.35m/s = 17.87m/s2

Post-Test
This test aims to measure what you have acquired from this module.

Directions: Read the questions carefully. Solve and show the complete solution in each number.
1) What is the range of the projectile launched horizontally at 25 m/s from the 18 m-high cliff edge
as shown in the diagram?
a) 18 m c) 46 m
b) 30 m d) 48 m
2) A ball rolls off a horizontal roof at 15 m/s. How far will the
ball have fallen vertically when it reaches a speed of 24 m/s?
a) 4.1 m c) 29 m
b) 18 m d) 37 m

Answer Key
Pre-Test
1. a 6. d
2. b 7. c
3. a 8. c
4. a 9. a
5. d 10. c
Congratulations for finishing this module!
Together, we will heal as one, we will learn as one !!!
Always take care and God bless us All.

No part of this publication maybe reproduced, distributed, or transmitted in any form or

by any means, without the prior written permission of the author.

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