Bpa 100 PPT 2

BPA 100- Introduction to Public
Administration
Lecture-Part 2
Evolution of the Field of PA
A. Traditional and modern phase;
B. The different fields of public administration;
C. Selected major ongoing concerns of public administration in the
Philippines ( reorganization, decentralization and corruption)
D. Home grown governance paradigm (Gawad Kalinga) as one that
illustrates successful cooperation between government, business
and civil society in the delivery of basic services, which after all is a
core concern of modern public administration and good
governance.
E. For whom is public administration
Evolution of the Field of PA
• To retrace the history and evolution of the broad discipline and
examine the various strands and influences that have influenced the
theory and practice- the praxis-of public administration in the
Philippines.
• To examine the specific areas and fields of specialization of the field,

taking cognizance of the many other emerging fields going beyond
the traditional fields of public administration
Phases in the Evolution of Public
Administration
Phase Indicative Period
Traditional/Classical Public Administration 1800s to 1950s
• Modern Public Administration 1950 to the present

• Development Administration (1950’s to 1960’s)
• New Public Administration (1970s)
• New Public Management (1980s to 1990s)
• Reinventing Government ( 1990s)
• PA as Governance (1990s to present)
Caiden (1982)
• The genesis of PA must have had originated from monarchial Europe
where household officials were divided into two groups: one in
charge of public affairs, i.e. the administration of justice, finance,
training of armies, and the other is responsible for personal services.
Rutgers (1998)
• Supports this claim that (i.e.royal) administration had already been
manifested way back in the mid 17th century and early 18th century in
Prussia.
F.K. Medicus (as cited in Rutgers 1998)
Advocated “cameralism” and claimed that it should be treated as an

autonomous field of study of great importance to the state. Cameral
science is designed to prepare potential public officials for government
service. This practice flourished in Europe until the 21st century but it
was, in the long run, replaced by administrative law and legal studies.
Woodrow Wilson (1887)
1800’s to 1950’s
Wilson in his classic essay “The Study of Public Administration”

suggested the distinction between politics and administration i.e.
administration should be politics-free and that the field of
administration is the field of business, thus, establishing what became
known as the “politics-administration” dichotomy.
Frank Goodnow (1900)
F. Goodnow is the Father of American Public Administration. He

presented a more meticulous examination of politics-administration
dichotomy in his book, Politics and Administration that supplanted the
traditional concern with the separation of powers among the various
branches of the government. (Shafritz and Hyde 1997:2)
Leonard D. White (1926)
• In 1926, the first text in the field of PA was written by Leonard D.
White. His book, Introduction to the Study of Public Administration, is
one of the most influential texts in PA to date.
• Administration is still an art. However, White recognized the ideal of

transforming it into a science.
• His work avoided the potential pitfalls of the politics-administration

dichotomy but rather concentrated on emphasizing the managerial
phase of administration
Max Weber (1946)
• Max Weber is a German sociologist and known as the Father of
modern Sociology.
• His contribution was on the analysis of bureaucratic behavior. He

presented major variables or features of bureaucracy such as:
hierarchy, division of labor, formally written rules and procedures,
impersonality and neutrality.
Basic Public Administration Structures and
Processes in the Philippines
• An executive branch with the bureaucracy at its core

• A legislative
• A judiciary
• A Philippine electoral processes and procedures
• Sub-national institutions and local governments, together with
decentralization processes and procedures.
PA as a Developing Discipline
Paradigm 1 Discipline Period
1 Politics/Administration Dichotomy 1900-1926
2 The principles of Administration 1926-1937
3 PA as Political Science 1950-1970
4 PA as Administrative Management 1956-1970
5 PA as New Public Administration 1970
6 PA from Government to 1990s to present
Governance

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BPA 100- Introduction to Public

• To examine the specific areas and fields of specialization of the field,

Traditional/Classical Public Administration 1800s to 1950s

• Modern Public Administration 1950 to the present

Advocated “cameralism” and claimed that it should be treated as an

Wilson in his classic essay “The Study of Public Administration”

F. Goodnow is the Father of American Public Administration. He

• Administration is still an art. However, White recognized the ideal of

• His work avoided the potential pitfalls of the politics-administration

• His contribution was on the analysis of bureaucratic behavior. He

• An executive branch with the bureaucracy at its core

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