Resume Akuntansi Keuangan Menengah (AKM)

RESUME AKM
RIZKY AUFA SALSABILA
CH. 3 – ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM
THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE
ADJUSTING ENTRIES
Prepaid Expense
Insurance Expense xxx
Prepaid Insurance xxx
Unearned Revenues
RESUME AKM
Unearned Service Revenue xxx

Service Revenue xxx
Accrued Revenues
A/R xxx
Service Revenue xxx
Accrued Expenses
Interest Expense xxx
Interest Payable or A/P xxx
RESUME AKM
CH. 6 – ACCOUNTING AND THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY
NATURE OF INTEREST
SIMPLE INTEREST
 Compute on the amount of the principal only.
Interest= p × i×n
Notes:
p = principal
i = rate of interest for a single period
n = number of periods
RESUME AKM
CH. 8 – VALUATION OF INVENTORIES: A COST BASIS APPROACH
INVENTORY COST FLOW

Beginning Inventory
Cost of Goods Purchased
Cost of Goods Available for Sale
(Ending Inventory)
COGS
PERPETUAL SYSTEM vs PERIODIC SYSTEM
Additional journal entries for freight in:

Dr. Inventory
Cr. Cash or A/P
INVENTORY VALUATION
A. Physical Goods Included in Inventory
1. Goods in Transit
FOB Shipping Point  beban angkut ditanggung pembeli
FOB Destination  beban angkut ditanggung penjual
2. Consigned Goods
3. Special Sales Agreements
RESUME AKM
B. Costs Included in Inventory

 directly connected with bringing the goods to the buyer’s place of business &
converting such goods to a salable condition
 examples:
1. Costs of Purchase
 The purchase price
 Import duties & other taxes
 Transportation costs
 Handling costs directly related to the acquisition of the goods
2. Costs of Conversion
 Direct materials
 Direct labor
 Manufacturing overhead costs (ex: indirect materials, indirect
labor, depreciation, taxes, insurance, heat & electricity)
3. Other Costs  cost incurred to bring the inventory to salable condition
Treatment of Purchase Discount

Ada 2 metode pengakuan Purchase Discount:
1. Gross Method  record purchase discount as a deduction from purchases on the
income statement
2. Net Method  record purchase discount in a Purchase Discount Lost account.
This account will report in Other Income and Expense in the income statement
C. The Cost Flow Assumption to Adopt

1. Specific Identification
RESUME AKM
 Identifying each item sold and each item in inventory (pencatatannya

dipisah antara yang terjual & yang masih belum terjual)
 Kalo ada penjualan, penjual bisa memilih antara harga tertinggi /
terendah yang mau dibebankan
2. Average Cost
a Periodic System
b Perpetual System
3. First-In First-Out (FIFO)

1. Periodic System
2. Perpetual System
RESUME AKM
CH. 10 – ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION OF PROPERTY, PLANT, AND

EQUIPMENT
CHARACTERISTICS OF PPE
1. Acquired for use in operations and not for resale
2. Long-term in nature and depreciated
3. Has physical substance
ACQUISITION OF PPE
Pengukuran: using historical cost  harga kas & setara kas saat perolehan aset.
Pengakuan: when the cost of asset can be measured reliably (secara andal) & the company
probably will obtain future economic benefits
Costs related to PPE that reported in FS:

1. Harga beli, include bea masuk impor, pajak pembelian, dikurangi dengan diskon
2. Costs attributable to bringing the asset to the location and condition necessary for it to
be used in a manner intended by the company (ex: delivery cost)
Penilaian PPE (dibahas lebih lanjut di CH. 11)

1. Cost Method  lebih murah krn tidak butuh jasa penilai (appraiser)
2. Fair Value Method  nilai aset  ; depreciation expense  ; net income 
Cost of Land
1. Harga beli
2. Closing costs (ex: biaya atas hak tanah (liens), pengacara, pencatatan)
3. Biaya yang terkait perolehan tanah dalam kondisi siap pakai, ex: grading (perataan),
filling (pengisian), draining (pengeringan), and clearing (pembersihan)
4. Hak gadai, hipotek, penyitaan atas properti
5. Biaya tambahan untuk meningkatkan usia ekonomis tanah
6. Removal of old building. Kalau ada sisa pembongkaran, nanti mengurangi harga
tanah
RESUME AKM
Klasifikasi Akun Land

 Normalnya, land termasuk kategori PPE
 Kalo tujuan akuisisi tanah bersifat spekulatif  sbg investment
 Kalo akuisisi tanah digunakan untuk dijual kembali sbg inventory.
Cost of Buildings
Include semua biaya akuisisi / konstruksi:
1. DM, DL, OH
2. Professional fees & perizinan bangunan
Kalo mau mendirikan bangunan baru di bangunan lama, proses pembongkaran bangunan
lama termasuk dalam cost of land.
Cost of Equipment
Jenis2 Equipment:
 Delivery equipment  Furniture & fixture
 Office equipment  Furnishings
 Machinery  Factory equipment
Cost of Equipment:
1. Purchase price 5. Assembling & installation cost
2. Freight & handling charges 6. Cost of conducting trial runs
3. Insurance while equipment in transit 7. Cost of sample for testing
4. Cost of special foundation (mengurangi cost of equipment)
Cost of Self-Constructed Asset

1. DM, DL
2. OH, include:
 Power, heat, light  Factory supervisory labor
 Insurance  Depreciation of FA
 Property taxes  Supplies
Ways of handling OH:
a. No fixed OH cost in the constructed asset
b. Using full-costing approach, yaitu OH cost dibebankan ke all products &
cosnstruction asset
RESUME AKM
3 Approaches to Account for Interest Costs During Construction
Metode IFRS  historical cost of acquiring an asset includes all costs (include interest).
3 item yang harus diperhatikan dalam menerapkan metode IFRS:

1. Qualifying Assets  asset must require a substantial period of time to get them ready
for their intended use or sale (butuh waktu untuk bisa digunakan / dijual), kalo uda
siap digunakan gaperlu mengkapitalisasi interest
2. Capitalization Period  ada 3 kondisi periode kapitalisasi:
a. Expenditures for asset are being incurred
b. Activities utk memperoleh asset yang siap digunakan / dijual sedang in
progress
c. Interest cost is being incurred
3. Amount to Capitalize  the lower of actual interest cost incurred / avoidable interest
(pilih salah satu mana yang terkecil).
 Avoidable Interest  biaya bunga yang bisa dihindari (tidak akan muncul)
jika melakukan pengeluaran terkait aset
 Weighted-Average Accumulated Expenditures (WAAE)
Expenditures = cicilan pembayaran perusahaan ke pihak kontraktor.

Pembagi capitalization period dihitung 1 tahun = 12 bulan, krn biasanya
perhitungan WAEE itu per tahun.
RESUME AKM
 Interest Rate (IR)

a. Kalo WAAE ≤ amounts borrowed, use IR incurred on the specific
borrowings
b. Kalo WAAE > debt incurred, use WAIR (capitalization rate) incurred
on all other outstanding debt during the period
STEP-STEP PERHITUNGAN INTEREST CAPITALIZATION ON PPE

1. Hitung WAEE-nya
2. Hitung Capitalization Rate dulu
3. Hitung Avoidable Interest
4. Hitung Actual Interest Cost
VALUATION OF PPE
1. Cash Discount  a reduction in the cost of the asset
2. Deferred-Payment Contracts
 Pembelian aset scr kredit dalam periode pembayaran yang lama (cicilan)
 Nilai pertukaran aset menggunakan present value
 Interest rate harus dihitung krn jika tidak, maka nilai aset yang tercatat > fair
value (Fair Value = harga aset kalo di pasaran)
3. Lump-Sum Purchases
 Pembelian sejumlah aset (asetnya bisa bervariasi), namun dengan harga yang
sekaligus (misalnya beli sejumlah aset dengan total $80.000)
 Alokasi harga belinya menggunakan fair value

Resume Akuntansi Keuangan Menengah (AKM)

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RESUME AKM

RIZKY AUFA SALSABILA

CH. 3 – ACCOUNTING INFORMATION SYSTEM

THE ACCOUNTING CYCLE

Unearned Service Revenue xxx

CH. 6 – ACCOUNTING AND THE TIME VALUE OF MONEY

CH. 8 – VALUATION OF INVENTORIES: A COST BASIS APPROACH

INVENTORY COST FLOW

PERPETUAL SYSTEM vs PERIODIC SYSTEM

Additional journal entries for freight in:

B. Costs Included in Inventory

Treatment of Purchase Discount

C. The Cost Flow Assumption to Adopt

 Identifying each item sold and each item in inventory (pencatatannya

3. First-In First-Out (FIFO)

CH. 10 – ACQUISITION AND DISPOSITION OF PROPERTY, PLANT, AND

Costs related to PPE that reported in FS:

Penilaian PPE (dibahas lebih lanjut di CH. 11)

Klasifikasi Akun Land

Cost of Self-Constructed Asset

3 Approaches to Account for Interest Costs During Construction

3 item yang harus diperhatikan dalam menerapkan metode IFRS:

Expenditures = cicilan pembayaran perusahaan ke pihak kontraktor.

 Interest Rate (IR)

STEP-STEP PERHITUNGAN INTEREST CAPITALIZATION ON PPE

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