Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region III – Central Luzon
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF CITY OF BALANGA
BATAAN NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL – SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL
City of Balanga, Bataan

ACTIVITY SHEET IN Earth and Life Science -

1st Quarter, WEEK 1 – (Recognize the uniqueness of Earth,

being the only planet in the solar system with
properties necessary to support life.)

Title: Amazing Earth

ACTIVITY 1: COMPARE AND CONTRAST
ACTIVITY 2. INTERSTELLAR CRASH LANDING

1.You imagine yourselves in an interstellar voyage. Your spaceship

suffers mechanical problems and will be forced to land.
Fortunately, you are passing through the Yanib System, which is
composed of a sun-like star surrounded by seven planets, some of
which have moons. The profiles of planets and moons of the Yanib
System are listed on Table 3. You are to decide the best place to
land their ship.

2. Write down on a piece of paper your choice of planet or moon.

Direction: Answer what is being asked below. Use a Reasons for your choice should also be written down. Reasons why
separate sheet of paper. you did not choose the other planets should also be included.
1. Similarities and differences among the planets, Venus, Earth
and Mars. (Note: Use table 1 for reference.)
2. Provide possible explanations for your observations using the
information in Table 2, together with previous knowledge about
the planets.

Table 2. Factors that Make a Planet Habitable 1st Quarter, WEEK 1 – (Explain that the Earth consists of
four subsystems, across whose boundaries matter
and energy flow.)

Activity 3
Direction: Name the four subsystems of the earth using the
pictures below.

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Activity 4 Activity 5
Direction: Make your own concept map of the four Direction: Cite at least five function or importance of the
subsystems of the Earth (Atmosphere, Lithosphere, four subsystems of the earth.
Biosphere, Hydrosphere). Use a separate sheet of paper.
Note: Use the information below as your reference.

1st Quarter Week 1- (Identify common rock – forming

minerals using their physical and chemical properties.)

Using Characteristics of Minerals to Identify Them Most

minerals can be characterized and classified by their unique
physical properties: hardness, luster, color, streak, specific
INFORMATION ABOUT EARTH’S FOUR gravity, cleavage, fracture, and tenacity.
SUBSYSTEMS:
1. Definition of a System 1. Hardness
A set of interconnected components that are interacting to form The ability to resist being scratched—or hardness—is one of
a unified whole. the most useful properties for identifying minerals. Hardness is
2. The Earth system is essentially a closed system. It receives determined by the ability of one mineral to scratch another.
energy from the sun and returns some of Friedrich Mohs, a German mineralogist, produced a hardness
this energy to space. scale (table 5) using a set of ten standard minerals. The scale
3. Atmosphere. arranges the minerals in order of increasing hardness. Each
A. The atmosphere is the thin gaseous layer that envelopes the higher-numbered (harder) mineral will scratch any mineral with
lithosphere. a lower number (softer).
B. The present atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen (N), A rough measure of mineral hardness can be made by
21% oxygen (O2), 0.9% argon, assembling a kit of handy objects (table 6). A fingernail has a
and trace amount of other gases. hardness ranging from 2 to 2.5, a penny is a little harder than 3,
C. One of the most important processes by which the heat on window glass ranges from 5.5 to approximately 6 in hardness,
the Earth's surface is redistributed and a knife blade is generally in the range of 5 to 6.5.
is through atmospheric circulation.
D. There is also a constant exchange of heat and moisture
between the atmosphere and the
hydrosphere through the hydrologic cycle.
4. Lithosphere.
A. The lithosphere includes the rocks of the crust and mantle,
the metallic liquid outer core, and
the solid metallic inner core.
B. Briefly discuss the Plate Tectonics as an important process
shaping the surface of the Earth.
The primary driving mechanism is the Earth's internal heat,
such as that in mantle convection.
5. Biosphere.
A. The biosphere is the set of all life forms on Earth.
B. It covers all ecosystems—from the soil to the rainforest,
from mangroves to coral reefs, and Luster
from the plankton-rich ocean surface to the deep sea. Luster is how a mineral reflects light. The terms metallic and
C. For the majority of life on Earth, the base of the food chain nonmetallic describe the basic types of luster. Table 7 lists the
comprises photosynthetic most common terms used to describe luster and an example of
organisms. During photosynthesis, CO2 is sequestered from the a corresponding mineral. Some minerals that don't exhibit luster
atmosphere, while oxygen is are referred to as "earthy," "chalky," or "dull."
released as a byproduct. The biosphere is a CO2 sink, and Color
therefore, an important part of the One of the most obvious properties of a mineral is color. Color
carbon cycle. should be considered when identifying a mineral, but should
D. Sunlight is not necessary for life. never be used as the major identifying characteristic.
6. Hydrosphere. Streak
A. About 70% of the Earth is covered with liquid water Streak is the color of the powdered mineral, which is usually
(hydrosphere) and much of it is in the form more useful for identification than the color of the whole
of ocean water. mineral sample. Rubbing the mineral on a streak plate will
B. Only 3% of Earth's water is fresh: two-thirds are in the form produce a streak. A streak plate can be made from the unglazed
of ice, and the remaining one-third back side of a white porcelain bathroom or kitchen tile. Some
is present in streams, lakes, and groundwater. minerals won't streak because they are harder than the streak
C. The oceans are important sinks for CO2 through direct plate.
exchange with the atmosphere and Specific Gravity
indirectly through the weathering of rocks. Specific gravity is the ratio between the mass (weight) of a
D. Heat is absorbed and redistributed on the surface of the Earth mineral and the mass (weight) of an equal volume of water. A
through ocean circulation. mineral's specific gravity (SG) can be determined by dividing
its weight in air by the weight of an equal volume of water. For

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instance, quartz with a density of 2.65 is 2.65 times as heavy as Activity 2
the same volume of water. Direction: Answer the following questions.
SG = mineral mass/water mass
Cleavage 1. How does a vesicular texture in a volcanic rock develop?
The way in which a mineral break along smooth flat planes is 2. Explain why the vesicular texture is not associated with
called cleavage. These breaks occur along planes of weakness peridotites.
in the mineral's structure. However, if a mineral break along an 3. How do clastic rocks differ from non-clastic rocks in terms
irregular surface, it does not have cleavage. of process of formation
Fracture 4. Explain how the physical features of sediments change
When a mineral break irregularly, the breaks are called during transport.
fractures. The breaks can be described as grainy, hackly 5. Differentiate between a foliated and non-foliated rock.
(jagged), conchoidal (curved), or splintery.
Tenacity 1st Quarter WEEK 2- (Explain how the products of
How well a mineral resists breakage is known as tenacity. weathering are carried away by erosion and deposited
Tenacity is described using these terms: elsewhere.)
▪ Brittle - Mineral crushes to angular fragments (quartz).
▪ Malleable - Mineral can be modified in shape without Activity 3
breaking and can be flattened to a thin sheet (copper, Direction: Observe the image and answer the questions that
gold). follows.
▪ Sectile - Mineral can be cut with a knife into thin
shavings (talc).
▪ Flexible - Mineral bends but doesn't regain its shape
once released (selenite, gypsum).
▪ Elastic - Mineral bends and regains its original shape
when released (muscovite and biotite mica).
Source:https://isgs.illinois.edu/outreach/geology-resources/using-characteristics-minerals-identify-them

Activity 6
Directions: Group the following properties of minerals as
physical or chemical. Choose the property in the box and
supply it in the right group in the table. 1. Describe what can you see in the picture?
2. How the weathered materials in the picture is transported?
3. What are the agents of erosion?
4. Where do you think the weathered materials will go?

Activity 4
Direction: Supply the missing word/phrase about
weathering.

1st Quarter, WEEK 2 – (Classify rocks into igneous,

sedimentary and metamorphic.)

Three Types of Rock

Rocks fall into these three groups: Igneous, Sedimentary
and Metamorphic

Igneous rocks are formed from melted rock deep inside the
Earth. Sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of sand, silt,
dead plants, and animal skeletons. Metamorphic rocks formed
from other rocks that are changed by heat and pressure
underground.

Activity 1
Direction: Classifying the different types of rocks through
rock cycle. Using the word/s below. Note: Word/s may be
repeated.

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1st Quarter, Week 3- (Describe where the Earth’s internal Activity 2
heat comes from and describe how magma is formed Direction: In not more than 150 words describe the source
magmatism.) of Earth’s internal heat and its importance in living
organisms. Use a separate sheet of paper.
Magmatism plays a key role in mountain formation, as new
ascending magmas produce additional mass and volume to the Rubrics:
Earth's surface and subsurface. Magmas form by partial melting (5 points) Exceptional – student responses far exceed what is
of silicate rocks either in Earth's mantle, the continental or the expected.
oceanic crust. (4 points) Excellent – information is factually accurate and
offers extra supporting facts.
Magma can also be created when hot, liquid rock intrudes into (3 points) Good – The student somewhat responds beyond the
Earth's cold crust. As the liquid rock solidifies, it loses its heat basic level of the question to provide supporting details and or
to the surrounding crust. Much like hot fudge being poured over interpretation.
cold ice cream, this transfer of heat is able to melt the (2 points) Fair – student responses, although somewhat correct,
surrounding rock (the “ice cream”) into magma. are lacking in relevant details and supporting examples and or
interpretation.
(1 point) Not Mastered - student responses are largely incorrect.

Activity 3:
Direction: Using the Venn Diagram, compare and contrast
of magma from lava.

Activity 4
Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.

1. What makes magma different from lava?

a) The color
b) The composition
c) The odor
d) The temperature
2. Which from the following statement is true about
magma?
a) Magma always comes from the lower mantle.
b) Magma forms when rocks melt.
c) Magma never contains dissolved gases.
Source:https://www.nationalgeographic.org/article/magma-role-rock-cycle/ d) Typical magma temperatures exceed 10,000 degrees Celsius.
3. Which from these statements is correct about endogenic
Activity 1 process?
Direction: Look at the image of an igneous rock below and a) If water is present, rocks will melt at higher temperatures than
try to answer the questions that follow. normal.
b) Magma is the crystallized form of igneous rocks.
c) Under high pressure, rocks melt at high temperature.
d) When a rock melts, different minerals melt at the same
temperature
4. Which type of magma is most likely to erupt effusively
from a shield volcano?
a) Cool, viscous (sticky) magma.
b) Cooled and thickened magma.
c) Hot, runny (low viscous) magma.
d) Magma that has already partly crystallized below ground.
5. A pyroclastic flow is formed when an explosive eruption
produces a dense mixture of:
a) Hot gases and volcanic ash (shattered rock and pumice).
b) Minerals and water
a. How is an igneous rock formed? c) Water and lava
b. If magma is defined as molten rock material, do you need to d) Water and volcanic ash
melt rocks to form magma? Explain.
c. Is temperature increase solely responsible for the melting of
rocks?
d. Where and how is magma formed?

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1st Quarter, Week 4 – (Describe the physical and chemical 1st Quarter, Week 4 – (Compare and contrast the formation
changes in rocks due to changes in pressure and of the different types of igneous rocks)
temperature (metamorphism)
Igneous rocks can be divided into four categories based on their
New minerals are created either by rearrangement of mineral chemical composition: felsic, intermediate, mafic, and
components or by reactions with fluids that enter the rocks. ultramafic. The diagram of Bowen's reaction series (Figure
Pressure or temperature can even change previously 7.6) shows that differences in chemical composition correspond
metamorphosed rocks into new types. Metamorphic rocks are to differences in the types of minerals within an igneous rock.
often squished, smeared out, and folded.

There are three ways that metamorphic rocks can form. The
three types of metamorphism are Contact, Regional, and
Dynamic metamorphism. Contact Metamorphism occurs
when magma comes in contact with an already existing body of
rock.

Activity 1
Direction: Answer the following questions.

1. What are the two main agents of metamorphism, and what

are their respective roles in
producing metamorphic rocks?

2. What types of metamorphic rocks will form if a mud rock

experiences very low, low,
medium, and high-grade metamorphism?
Why doesn’t granite change very much at lower metamorphic
grades?

3. Describe the main process of foliation development in a

metamorphic rock such as schist.
4. What process contributes to metamorphism of oceanic crust
at a spreading ridge?

5. How do variations in the geothermal gradient affect the depth

at which different
metamorphic rocks form?

6. Blue schist metamorphism takes place within subduction

zones. What are the particular temperature and pressure
characteristics of this geological setting?

7. Rearrange the following minerals in order of increasing

metamorphic grade: biotite, garnet, sillimanite, chlorite.

8. What is the role of magmatic fluids in the metamorphism that

takes place adjacent to a pluton? How does metasomatism differ
from regional metamorphism?

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What are igneous rocks? Activity 3
Direction: Answer the following questions.
Igneous rocks (from the Latin word for fire) form when hot,
molten rock crystallizes and solidifies. The melt originates deep 1. What are three ways that scientists use to classify igneous
within the Earth near active plate boundaries or hot spots, then rocks?
rises toward the surface. Igneous rocks are divided into two
groups, intrusive or extrusive, depending upon where the 2. Describe how cooling rate affects the size of mineral grains
molten rock solidifies. in an igneous rock.

Intrusive Igneous Rocks: 3. Compare and contrast volcanic igneous rocks with plutonic
igneous rocks
Intrusive, or plutonic, igneous rock forms when magma is
trapped deep inside the Earth. Great globs of molten rock rise 1ST QUARTER, WEEK 5 (Explain how the movement of
toward the surface. Some of the magma may feed volcanoes on plates leads to the formation of folds and faults, describe
the Earth's surface, but most remains trapped below, where it how layers of rocks (stratified rocks) are formed, and
cools very slowly over many thousands or millions of years describe the different methods (relative and absolute
until it solidifies. Slow cooling means the individual mineral dating) to determine the age of stratified rocks)
grains have a very long time to grow, so they grow to a
relatively large size. Intrusive rocks have a coarse grained Activity 1
texture. Direction: Choose the letter of the correct answer.
1. The compass line of direction between a rock layer and a
Extrusive Igneous Rocks: horizontal plane is the ridge’s __.
a) angle of dip
Extrusive, or volcanic, igneous rock is produced when magma b) direction of dip
exits and cools above (or very near) the Earth's surface. These c) line of thrust
are the rocks that form at erupting volcanoes and oozing d) strike
fissures. The magma, called lava when molten rock erupts on 2. When plates slide past each other, compressional stresses
the surface, cools and solidifies almost instantly when it is produce which type of fault?
exposed to the relatively cool temperature of the atmosphere. a) Normal
Quick cooling means that mineral crystals don't have much time b) Reverse
to grow, so these rocks have a very fine-grained or even glassy c) Tensional
texture. Hot gas bubbles are often trapped in the quenched lava, d) Transverse
forming a bubbly, vesicular texture. 3. When plates diverge and when the crust is subjected to
spreading processes elsewhere produce what type of stress?
a.) Reverse
b.) Tensional
c.) Thrust
d.) Transverse
4. A sunken block between two parallel normal faults is a(n)
________.
a.) anticline
b.) fault
c.) graben
d.) horst
5. All of the following are associated with horizontal plate
movement except ________.
a) reverse faults
b) strike-slip faults
c) transcurrent faults
d) transform faults
6. A fracture in the crust without displacement is a ________.
Source:https://www.usgs.gov/faqs/what-are-igneous-rocks?qt-
news_science_products=0#qt-news_science_products
a.) fault
b.) joint
c.) recumbent fold
Activity 2 d.) transform fault
Direction: Complete the table below. 7. The throw of a fault is the ________.
a.) direction of dip
b.) direction of strike
c.) horizontal displacement
d.) vertical displacement
8. _________ is a raised block of the Earth's crust that has lifted,
or has remained stationary, while the land on either side
(graben) has subsided.
a) Block mountain
b) Horst
c) Normal fault
d) Upthrow
9. A thrust fault results from which type of force?
a. Compression
b. Tension
c. Thrust
d. Transverse

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10. A normal fault results from which type of force? 2. How is half-life used to determine the age of a rock?
a. Compression __________________________________________________
b. Tension __________________________________________________
c. Thrust ________
d. Transverse
1st Quarter, Week 6 (Describe the various hazards that may
Activity 2 happen in the event of earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and
Direction: Answer the following questions below. landslides)
1. Why do you think sedimentary rocks are also called as
stratified rocks? Activity 2
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________ Landslides
________ Materials:
__________________________________________________ • Illustration of slopes in various situations
____ Procedure/Discussion:
2. How does stratification of rocks occur? Situation 1: Given two slopes: one slope has lot of cracks while
__________________________________________________ the other only has a few. Which slope is more likely to collapse?
__________________________________________________ Support your answer.
__________________________________________________
____________
3. What are the different agents or factors that contributes to the
stratification of rocks?
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
____________
4. List down 3 importance of rock stratification process.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
________
__________________________________________________
____

5. Why does sediments play an important role in rock

formation? Situation 2: Let us compare two slopes: one is in an area which
__________________________________________________ is undeveloped while the other has tall structures built on it.
__________________________________________________ Which slope is more likely to suffer a landslide? Support your
________ answer.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
________
Activity 3
Direction: Analyze and determine the complete sequence of
the event using the given illustration. Use the legend below
to determine the type of rocks present in each layer.

Situation 3: One of the slopes in Figure 1.3 is in danger of

collapsing. Can you tell which one? Explain your answer.

1st Quarter, Week 6 – (Explain how relative and absolute

dating were used to determine the subdivision of geologic
time)

Activity 1

Direction: Answer the following questions.

1. How do you technically define half-life?

__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________
____________

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Situation 4: Let us compare two slopes: one is covered with
grass and other plants while the other is barren. In which case
will the movement of soil downslope be greater? Why?

1st Quarter, Week 7

(Identify human activities that speed up or trigger
landslides)

Activity 1
Landslides (Part II)

Discussion:
Landslides are the movement of rock or earth down a slope. It
has three major causes: geology, morphology and human
activity. In not less than 200 words, write an essay on how
human activities speed up, or trigger landslides. What are the
hazards brought about by landslides? Then cite ways on how
you can help lessen or prevent landslides from occurring. Your
essay will be evaluated based on comprehensiveness and
accuracy of information, coherence of ideas and sentence
structure.

__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

1st Quarter, Week 8

(Describe how coastal processes result in coastal erosion,
submersion, and saltwater intrusion)

Activity 1
Coastal Hazards

Direction:
Do you have areas in your community that are prone to coastal
erosion, submersion and saltwater intrusion? What do you do
about it? In a 200-word essay, share your experience. Your
essay will be evaluated based on comprehensiveness and
accuracy of information, coherence of ideas and sentence
structure.
__________________________________________________
__________________________________________________

1st Quarter, Week 8

(Cite ways to prevent or mitigate the impact of land
development, waste disposal, and construction of structures
on control coastal processes)

Activity 2

Coastal Protection & Mitigation

Direction:
Choose one coastal World Heritage site in the Philippines.
Research the way this site is managed to ensure that the coast is
protected. Present your findings in a two-page report, including
a location map and photographs. Your report will be evaluated
based on accuracy of date and relevance of pictures to the
theme.
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