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    Artificial Intelligence: Basics and Terminology: October 2018

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    This document discusses artificial intelligence, including its basics and terminology. It defines AI as making intelligent machines that think like humans by studying the human brain. It describes two types of AI: weak/narrow AI that focuses on specific tasks, and strong AI that can think and perform tasks autonomously like humans. It also outlines several types of AI based on functionality, such as reactive machines, limited memory systems, and theories of mind, self-awareness. The document concludes by discussing several important applications of AI such as game playing, speech recognition, natural language understanding, and computer vision.

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    Artificial Intelligence: Basics and Terminology: October 2018

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    saumal20
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    This document discusses artificial intelligence, including its basics and terminology. It defines AI as making intelligent machines that think like humans by studying the human brain. It describes two types of AI: weak/narrow AI that focuses on specific tasks, and strong AI that can think and perform tasks autonomously like humans. It also outlines several types of AI based on functionality, such as reactive machines, limited memory systems, and theories of mind, self-awareness. The document concludes by discussing several important applications of AI such as game playing, speech recognition, natural language understanding, and computer vision.

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    This document discusses artificial intelligence, including its basics and terminology. It defines AI as making intelligent machines that think like humans by studying the human brain. It describes two types of AI: weak/narrow AI that focuses on specific tasks, and strong AI that can think and perform tasks autonomously like humans. It also outlines several types of AI based on functionality, such as reactive machines, limited memory systems, and theories of mind, self-awareness. The document concludes by discussing several important applications of AI such as game playing, speech recognition, natural language understanding, and computer vision.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    50 views4 pages

    Artificial Intelligence: Basics and Terminology: October 2018

    Uploaded by

    saumal20
    This document discusses artificial intelligence, including its basics and terminology. It defines AI as making intelligent machines that think like humans by studying the human brain. It describes two types of AI: weak/narrow AI that focuses on specific tasks, and strong AI that can think and perform tasks autonomously like humans. It also outlines several types of AI based on functionality, such as reactive machines, limited memory systems, and theories of mind, self-awareness. The document concludes by discussing several important applications of AI such as game playing, speech recognition, natural language understanding, and computer vision.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
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    Artificial Intelligence: Basics and Terminology

    Article · October 2018


    DOI: 10.31142/ijtsrd18909

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    Durgesh Raghuvanshi
    IILM Academy of Higher Learning
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    International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
    International Open Access Journal | www.ijtsrd.com

    ISSN No: 2456 - 6470 | Volume - 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep – Oct 2018

    Artificial Intelligence
    Intelligence:: Basics and Terminology
    Durgesh Raghuvanshi
    Btech, D
    Department of computer science,
    IILM Academy off Higher Learning, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India

    ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION
    The Artificial intelligence field continues to be A branch of computer science named Artificial
    plagued by what can only be described as ‘bold intelligence John McCarthy, it is “The science and
    promises for the future syndrome’. Research in AI has engineering of making intelligent machines,
    built upon the tools and techniques of many different especially intelligent computer programs”. AI is a
    disciplines, including formal logic, probability theory, way of making a computer, a computer-controlled
    computer
    decision theory, management science, linguistic robot, or a software
    ware think intelligently, in the similar
    philosophy. manner intelligent humans think. AI is an
    accomplished by studying how human brain thinks,
    However, the application of thesehese disciplines in and how humans learn, decide and work while trying
    artificial intelligence has necessitated the to solve a problem and then using the outcomes of this
    development of many enhancements and extensions. study as a basis off developing intelligent software and
    Since the invention of computers or machines, their systems.
    capability to perform various tasks went on growing
    exponentially. Humans have developed tthe power of To lay claim to have developed an intelligent system
    computer systems in terms of their diverse working is to open a hornet's nest of debate which has raged
    domains, their increasing speed and reducing size since the early days of AI. This is not surprising since
    with respect to time. one can very quickly stray into the realms of o
    philosophy, metaphysics and or religion we do not
    propose to add to the debate here but to simply make
    ours by way of practical methods.

    @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct


    Oct 2018 Page: 1539
    International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
    2456
    AI programming languages include LISP developed happening in the not so distant
    dista future, such as a
    in the 1950'S is the early programming language car that has changed lanes. These observations are
    strongly associated with AI. LISP is a functional not stored permanently and also apple chatbot Siri.
    programming language with procedural extensions.
    LISP was specially designed for processing  Theory of Mind:-
    heterogeneous lists typically a list of symbols.  This type of AI should be able to understand
    Features of LISP are run-time
    time type checking. AI is a people's emotion, belief thoughts,
    thoughts expectations
    new electronic machine that stores a large amount of and be able to interactt socially. Even though a lot
    information and processes it at very high speed. AI of improvements are there in this field this kind of
    has the ability to solve problems hence it is the AI is not completed yet.
    science and engineering of making intelligent
    machines, especially intelligent computer programs. It  Self-awareness:-
    is related to the similar task of using
    sing computers to  An AI that has its own conscious super intelligent,
    understand human intelligence. self-awareness
    awareness sentiment. Of course, this kind of
    bot also doesn't exist and if
    i achieved it will be one
    Types of artificial intelligence:- of the milestones in the field of AI.
    AI can be classified in any number of ways there are
    two types of classification. IMPORTANCE OF AI:-
    TYPE 1:-  Game playing:-
     WEAK AI OR NARROW AI:-  You can buy machines that can play a master level
     It is focused on one narrow task, the phenomenon of chess for a few hundred dollars. There is some
    that machines which are not too intelligent to do Ai in them but they ay well against people mainly
    their own work can be built in such a way that through brute force computation looking at
    they seem smart. hundreds of thousands of positions. To beat a
     An example would be a poker game where a world champion by brute force and known reliable
    machine beats human where in which all rules and heuristics requires being able to look at 200
    moves are fed into the machine. There each and million positions per second.
    every possible scenario need to be entered
    beforehand manually. Each and every weak AI  Speech recognition:-
    will contribute to the building of strong AI.  In the 1990's computer speech
    spee recognition reached
    a practical level for limited purposes. The United
     STRONG AI:- Airlines has replaced its keyboard tree for flight
     The machines that can actually think and perform information by a system using speech recognition
    tasks on its own just like a human being. There are of flight numbers and city names.
    no proper existing examples ofthis, but some
    industry leaders are very keen on getting close to  Understanding Natural Language:-
    Language:
    build a strong AI which has resultedulted in rapid  Just getting a sequence of words into a computer
    progress. is not enough. Parsing sentences is not enough
    either the computer has to be provided with an
    TYPE 2 (BASED ON FUNCTIONALITIES) ::- understanding of the domain the text is about and
     Reactive machines:- this is presently possible only for very limited
     This is one of the basic forms of AI. It doesn't domains.
    have post-memory
    memory and cannot use past
    information to perform future actions.  Computer Vision:-
     Example: - IBM chess program that beat Garry  The world is composed of 3d objects but the
    Kasparov in the 1990's. inputs to the human eye and computers TV
    cameras are 2D some useful programs can work
     Limited Memory:- solely in two dimensions but full computer vision
     AI systems can use past experiences to inform requires partial 3d information that is not just a set
    future decisions. Some of the decision
    decision-making of 2d views.
    iews. At present, there are only limited
    functions in self-driving
    driving cars have been designed ways of representing 3d information directly and
    this way. Observations used to inform actions they are not as good as what humans evidently
    use.

    @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct


    Oct 2018 Page: 1540
    International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) ISSN: 2456-6470
    2456
    WHAT CONTRIBUTES AI?

    Artificial intelligence is a science and technology help them to make better choices. I believe that the
    based on disciplines such as Computer science, application of such techniques as a fruitful
    fruitfu area of
    biology, psychology, linguistics, mathematics, and collaboration between researchers in AI and
    engineering.. A major thrust of artificial intelligence is researchers in more humanistic disciplines.
    in the development of computer functions associated
    with human intelligence such as reasoning, learning Reference:-
    problem-solving.
    solving. Out of the following areas, one or 1. Robert Kowalski, Oxford University wellington
    multiple areas can contribute to building an intelligent square united kingdom
    system. 2. Analilia Lauren cruces, the researcher in computer
    science, University of Wollongong Australia.
    Conclusion:-
    I have sketched two ways in which the ALP agent 3. John Fulcher, intelligent systems research center
    model, building upon many different developments in university of Wollongong Australia.
    AI,
    I, can be used by many ordinary people to improve 4. Professor Pradipta Das, Veer Surendrasai
    their own human intelligence It can help them express University of technology, Sambalpur Odisha
    their thoughts more clearly and coherently and it can India.

    @ IJTSRD | Available Online @ www.ijtsrd.com | Volume – 2 | Issue – 6 | Sep-Oct


    Oct 2018 Page: 1541
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