General Chemistry 1

Inclusive Dates: September 13 – September 27, 2021

Module
2
Chemical Naming and Formula Writing
(Covalent Compounds and Acids)

Learning Objectives

At the end of this module, you should be able to:

A. describe a covalent compound and acids;

B. name covalent compounds and acids given their chemical
formula; and
C. write the chemical formula of covalent compounds and acids
correctly
PUZZLE COMPLETION

Complete the puzzle by writing the necessary information. Write your answers on the
boxes provided.

1. I am a molecule or ion capable of donating a proton (hydrogen ion H+)

2. I am a colorless, odorless toxic flammable gas formed by incomplete combustion of

carbon.

3. I am the chemical name of vinegar.

4. I am a chemical compound consisting of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom.

5. I am a colorless, odorless gas produced by burning carbon and organic compounds

and by respiration.

6. I am a strongly acidic solution of the gas hydrogen chloride in water.

7. I am used as an intermediate in manufacturing sulfuric acid, and in making sulfonates

from organic compounds. My chemical formula is SO3.

Check if you got the correct answer using the answer key saved to your flash drive.

Chemical Naming and Formula Writing Covalent Compounds

From the preliminary activity, you have encountered several covalent compounds that
are essential for survival and human needs. These compounds are formed when two or more
nonmetals combine. For example, both hydrogen and oxygen are nonmetals, and when they
combine to make water, they do so by forming covalent bonds. Compounds that are
composed of only nonmetals or semi-metals (metalloids) with nonmetals will display covalent
bonding and will be classified as molecular or covalent compounds. These compounds do not
involve ions; as a result, they have a slightly different naming system. Chemists use prefixes to
indicate the number of atoms in each compound. The prefixes are listed in the table below :

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 General Chemistry 1 (STEM 12) Page 2 of 8 pages

Number of Atoms Prefix Number of Atoms Prefix

1 Mono 6 Hexa
2 Di 7 Hepta
3 Tri 8 Octa
4 Tetra 9 Nona
5 Penta 10 Deca
When naming binary covalent compounds, the name of the first element is given. The second
element is named with an “ide” ending. The first element gets a prefix when there is more than
one atom in the compound. * The second element ALWAYS gets a prefix.

To facilitate the discussion on naming covalent compounds, kindly go over the PowerPoint
presentation entitled “Rules in Naming Covalent Compounds” and watch the video tutorials
entitled “Naming Covalent Molecular Compounds” and “Ionic vs Molecular”. You may also
read pages 84-87 of your General Chemistry textbook.

1A. Write the chemical formula of the following covalent compounds on the lines provided.
1. carbon tetrafluoride ____________ 6. diphosphorus pentoxide ____________
2. dinitrogen monoxide ____________ 7. nitrogen tribromide ____________
3. iodine trichloride ____________ 8. iodine pentafluoride ____________
4. chlorine dioxide ____________ 9. carbon disulfide ____________
5. phosphorus triodide ____________ 10. dinitrogen monoxide ____________

1B. Write the chemical name of the following covalent compounds on the lines provided.
1. SO __________________________ 6. OF2 __________________________
2. C4O2 __________________________ 7. P3O5 __________________________
3. N2O2 __________________________ 8. CCl4 __________________________
4. N2O __________________________ 9. CO2 __________________________
5. P3O5 __________________________ 10. CO __________________________

Check how many correct answers you got by comparing your answers with the answer
key saved to your flash drive. If you did not get all items correctly, review the learning materials
to figure out why you did not get the correct answer. If you got all items correctly, you may
proceed to the next part of the module.

2
NAMING ACIDS

The acids that we will be concerned with naming are really just a special class of ionic
compounds where the cation is always H+. Recall that cations are written first in ionic
formulas. So if the formula has hydrogen written first, then this usually means that the
hydrogen is H+ cation and that the compound is an acid. When dissolved in water, acids
produce H+ ions. These are also called protons, because when the electron is removed
from a neutral hydrogen atom, it leaves behind one proton. If the counter ion (the anion)
to H+ in the acid is a polyatomic ion that contains oxygen (like NO2- or PO43-), the acid is
called an oxyacid. If the anion does not contain oxygen (like F- or CN-), then the acid is
called hydracid.

Acids formed from polyatomic ions have a naming system similar to that of the
polyatomic ions themselves. The difference being that for “-ate” we substitute “-ic” and
for “-ite” we substitute “ous” and add the word acid.

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 General Chemistry 1 (STEM 12) Page 3 of 8 pages
Ion Ion name Acid Formula Acid Name
ClO- hypochlorite HClO hypochlorous acid
ClO2 - chlorite HClO2 chlorous acid
ClO3 - chlorate HClO3 chloric acid
ClO4 - perchlorate HClO4 perchloric acid

For example, hypochlor-ite then becomes hypochlorous acid; and perchlor-ate becomes
perchloric acid.

To facilitate the discussion on naming acids, kindly go over the PowerPoint presentation
entitled “Rules in Naming Acids” and watch the video tutorial entitled “Naming Acids
Introduction” and “Naming Acids Practice Problems” saved to your flash drive.

2A. Write the chemical formula of the following acids on the lines provided.
1. hypobromous acid ____________ 6. nitric acid ____________
2. hydrochloric acid ____________ 7. hydroiodic acid ____________
3. hydrofluoric acid ____________ 8. metaboric acid ____________
4. nitrous acid ____________ 9. oxalic acid ____________
5. sulfuric acid ____________ 10. carbonic acid ____________

2B. Write the chemical name of the following acids on the lines provided.
1. H3PO4 __________________________ 6. HI __________________________
2. HCl __________________________ 7. HF __________________________
3. HIO2 __________________________ 8. H3BO3 __________________________
4. HBrO3 __________________________ 9. HNO3 __________________________
5. HClO __________________________ 10. H2CO3 __________________________

Check how many correct answers you got by comparing your answers with the answer
key saved in your flash drive. If you did not get all items correctly, review the learning materials
to figure out why you did not get the correct answer. If you got all items correctly, you may
proceed to the next activity.

Answer the following questions on the answer sheet provided.

Breathing carbon monoxide (CO) can cause headache, dizziness, vomiting, and nausea.
If CO levels are high enough, you may become unconscious or die. Exposure to moderate and
high levels of CO over long periods of time has also been linked with increased risk of heart
disease. People who survive severe CO poisoning may suffer long-term health problems. This
exemplifies that some covalent compounds can be toxic to living organisms.
Give a covalent compound that is toxic to humanity and other organisms. Explain how
this compound affect humanity and other organisms.

Accomplish this task in the answer sheet by choosing the number that corresponds to your
learning experiences. Encircle the rating that corresponds to your choice.

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posting and/or uploading of any part of this document and of any form and any means without the prior official written permission of SLC-SFLU, is strictly
PROHIBITED and is subjected to any forms of consequences.
 General Chemistry 1 (STEM 12) Page 4 of 8 pages

Attached in the answer sheet is your first performance task (home-based laboratory
activity). Perform the given task completely and comprehensively.

To check how much you have learned from the entire module, close your notes then
answer the given items found in the answer sheet. Be honest in answering the test. This will be
recorded as a Summative Test.

Ilao, L. V., & Lontoc, B. M. (2016). General Chemistry . Rex Book Store Inc.
Apodaca, D. C. (2020). General Chemistry 1 (Second Edition, pp 84-87). DIWA Learning System
Inc.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DejkvR4pvRw
https://www.youtube.com/results?search_query=naming+acids+tyler+dewitt+
https://www.google.com/search?q=lesson+on+covalent+compounds&oq=lesson+on+covale
nt+compounds&aqs=chrome..69i57j0.11452j1j9&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://www.google.com/search?safe=active&sxsrf=ALeKk03YvEY4sMtWYV08mmEeInrTcebLw
%3A1598322597488&ei=pXdEX8W7HZq7wAOspaOoAg&q=naming+acids&oq=naming+acids&
gs

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posting and/or uploading of any part of this document and of any form and any means without the prior official written permission of SLC-SFLU, is strictly
PROHIBITED and is subjected to any forms of consequences.
 General Chemistry 1 (STEM 12) Page 5 of 8 pages
CN: ____ Name: ________________________________ Grade and Section: ____________________

ANSWER SHEET
Module 2: Chemical Naming and Formula Writing
(Covalent Compounds and Acids)
September 13 – September 27, 2021

___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________

I. MULTIPLE CHOICES
Analyze each question carefully and select the letter of the correct answer from the
choices given below. Write the CAPITAL LETTER of your answer on the line before each
number. (12 points)
A. If A only C. If C only E. If both A and C G. All of the choices
B. If B only D. If D only F. If both B and D H. None of the choices

________1. Which of the following suffixes would BEST complete the statement: “When
naming acids, the prefix hydro is used when the name of the acid anion
ends in _______ suffix.”?
A. -ate B. -ide C. -ite D. -ic
________2. Which of the following chemical formulas and chemical names for an
acid is matched CORRECTLY?
A. HClO2, chloric acid C. H3PO4, phosphoric acid
B. HNO2, hydronitrous acid D. HI, iodic acid
________3. Which of the following would BEST complete the analogy: losing electrons
is to __________; gaining electrons is to __________?
A. metal; metal C. nonmetal; nonmetal
B. metal; nonmetal D. nonmetal; metal
________4. Which of the following words would BEST complete the statement: “In
naming a binary covalent compound, the number of atoms of each
element present in the molecule is indicated by _________.”?
A. Roman numerals C. prefixes
B. suffixes D. subscripts
________5. Which of the following chemical names and chemical formulas is paired
INCORRECTLY?
A. HF, Hydrofluoric acid C. H3PO4, Phosphoric acid
B. HClO4, Perchloric acid D. H2SO4, Sulfuric acid
________6. Which of the following groups classifies the compounds INCORRECTLY?
A. Binary acid – HI; HF; HCl; HBr
B. Covalent compound – P2O4, P3N5, N2O4, NH3, B2O2
C. Ionic compound - Mg(MnO4)2, NH4IO3, BaS, Be2C, Fe(ClO)2
D. Oxyacid - HIO4, H2CO3, HNO3, C2H2O4, H3BO3

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 General Chemistry 1 (STEM 12) Page 6 of 8 pages
II. TABLE COMPLETION
Complete the table below. Write the cation, anion, chemical name, chemical formula,
and type of compound on the box provided in each column. (20 points)

TYPE OF
CATION ANION CHEMICAL NAME CHEMICAL FORMULA
COMPOUND
H+ SnO2-2 1.) 2.) oxyacid
3.) 4.) dinitrogen tetroxide 5.) covalent
Hg+2 CIO4- 6.) 7.) acid
8.) 9.) hypochlorous acid 10.) 11.)
12.) 13.) disulfur pentoxide 14.) covalent
15.) 16.) iodic acid 17.) acid
H+ C2O4-2 18.) 19.) 20.)

Excellent Good Fair Poor

1. The learning activities in the module helped me in
4 3 2 1
attaining the objectives.
2. The content of the module was organized and easy
4 3 2 1
to understand.
3. The lessons learned are useful in real-life situations. 4 3 2 1
4. The given videos/tutorials were helpful in facilitating
4 3 2 1
learning especially in the discussion part.

Post the reasons for items rated fair and poor here.

Parent/Guardian Support
Ask your parents to assist you in this home-based laboratory activity and in
providing the materials you need.

Content = /59
Punctuality = /4
Total = /63

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posting and/or uploading of any part of this document and of any form and any means without the prior official written permission of SLC-SFLU, is strictly
PROHIBITED and is subjected to any forms of consequences.
 General Chemistry 1 (STEM 12) Page 7 of 8 pages
Activity Number 1
Name It to Clean It: An Experiment on Common Compounds at Home

I. OBJECTIVES
At the end of the laboratory activity, the students are able to:
A. apply the rules in chemical naming and formula writing of compounds correctly;
B. perform a simple activity using compounds available at home;
D. determine the effectiveness of compounds as cleaning agents; and
E. give the importance of formula writing and chemical naming at home, environment, and in
the laboratory

II. MATERIALS
1 tbsp detergent liquid water
5 tbsp soda (Coca Cola) 5 pcs clear plastic tubs
4 tbsp white vinegar disposable spoon
1 tbsp rock salt 20 Copper pennies (old 25 cents) – dull and dirty
2 tbsp baking soda Stopwatch
1 tbsp toothpaste Paper towel

III. PROCEDURE
1. Label each clear plastic tub with Tub 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 respectively.
2. Pour the various materials into the five clear plastic tubs. Stir well using a disposable spoon.
Tub 1: 1 tbsp detergent liquid and 4 tbsp water
Tub 2: 5 tbsp soda (Coca Cola)
Tub 3: 4 tbsp white vinegar and 1 tbsp rock salt
Tub 4: 2 tbsp baking soda and 3 tbsp water
Tub 5: 1 tbsp toothpaste and 4 tbsp water
3. Place 4 copper pennies into each clear plastic tub gently.
4. Leave the set-up for minimum of 10 minutes. Observe what happens to the set-up.
5. Remove the copper pennies from each set-up, rinse in water, and wipe with clean paper
towel.
6. Write your observations under data and results.

IV. DATA AND RESULTS

A. Nomenclature of the Materials
Common Name Chemical Name Chemical Formula Type of Compound
Detergent liquid
Soda
Vinegar
Rock salt
Water
Baking soda
Toothpaste

B. Appearance of the Copper Penny

Before the Set-up After the Set-up
Tub 1
Tub 2
Tub 3
Tub 4
Tub 5

V. DATA ANALYSIS
1. Which among the compounds has the greatest cleaning capacity? Cite some chemical properties
of this compound.

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 General Chemistry 1 (STEM 12) Page 8 of 8 pages
2. Do you consider each compound as a penny-cleaning agent? Elaborate your answer.

3. What is the importance of formula writing and chemical naming compounds at home,
environment, and in the laboratory?

VI. CONCLUSION (Content = X2)

RUBRIC FOR DATA ANALYSIS AND CONCLUSION

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
The answer is very accurate. The answer is somewhat The answer is fairly The stated answer does not
CONTENT Most important sets of accurate. Some important sets acceptable. Many important satisfy the given situation.
(X1) information were included. of information were not sets of information were not
included. included.
The laboratory report is
PUNCTUALITY submitted on the scheduled
date.

VII. DOCUMENTATION
(Include at least four (4) photos with brief descriptions during the activity proper. Kindly use
another bond paper for the pictures.)

RUBRIC FOR DOCUMENTATION

CATEGORY 4 3 2 1
All pictures have good All pictures have descriptions Some pictures have Pictures do not have
DESCRIPTION descriptions which are clearly but not clearly presented. descriptions but vague. descriptions at all.
presented.
All pictures are vivid, clear and Some pictures are clear and in Most pictures are blurry and All pictures are blurry and less
in focus, well-cropped, and in focus, well-cropped, and in line imprecise, uncropped, and effort is evidently observed.
CLARITY OF PICTURE
line with the given task. with the given task. quite related with the given
task.

-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
This is to certify that I have reviewed the entries in the answer sheet of my child.

___________________________________________________________
Parent’s/Guardian’s Signature over Printed Name/Date

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posting and/or uploading of any part of this document and of any form and any means without the prior official written permission of SLC-SFLU, is strictly
PROHIBITED and is subjected to any forms of consequences.