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    THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATIONbhmnvbmvb (AutoRecovered)

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    The document outlines various theories of crime causation including: 1) Classical theory which argues that people are rational beings who freely choose between good or evil. 2) Differential association theory which claims that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction and communication. 3) Strain theory which maintains that failure to achieve higher social status can cause individuals to commit crimes to attain that status. 3) Labeling theory which proposes that behavior becomes criminal if labeled as such by society.

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    THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATIONbhmnvbmvb (AutoRecovered)

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    115 views2 pages
    The document outlines various theories of crime causation including: 1) Classical theory which argues that people are rational beings who freely choose between good or evil. 2) Differential association theory which claims that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction and communication. 3) Strain theory which maintains that failure to achieve higher social status can cause individuals to commit crimes to attain that status. 3) Labeling theory which proposes that behavior becomes criminal if labeled as such by society.

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    The document outlines various theories of crime causation including: 1) Classical theory which argues that people are rational beings who freely choose between good or evil. 2) Differential association theory which claims that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction and communication. 3) Strain theory which maintains that failure to achieve higher social status can cause individuals to commit crimes to attain that status. 3) Labeling theory which proposes that behavior becomes criminal if labeled as such by society.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    115 views2 pages

    THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATIONbhmnvbmvb (AutoRecovered)

    Uploaded by

    unknown bot
    The document outlines various theories of crime causation including: 1) Classical theory which argues that people are rational beings who freely choose between good or evil. 2) Differential association theory which claims that criminal behavior is learned through social interaction and communication. 3) Strain theory which maintains that failure to achieve higher social status can cause individuals to commit crimes to attain that status. 3) Labeling theory which proposes that behavior becomes criminal if labeled as such by society.

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    THEORIES OF CRIME CAUSATION

    THEORY ADVOCATOR/S CONCEPT/S

    Demonological Theory ----------------------------------------------- - Individuals were thought to be possessed by


    good or evil spirits, which caused good or evil
    spirits
    Neo-Classical Theory ----------------------------------------------- Children and lunatics cannot calculate pain and
    pleasure, therefore, must be exempted from
    criminal liability.
    Classical Theory Cesare Beccaria & Jeremy Bentham -Utilitarian Hedonism which explains that a
    person always acts in such a way as to seek
    pleasure and avoid pain. (Bentham)
    - Men are rational being who has the freewill to
    choose between good or evil. (Beccaria)
    Positivists Theory Raffaele Garofalo, - Criminals are like sick people who requires
    Enrico Ferri and rehabilitation rather than the imposition of
    Cesare Lombroso punishment.
    Anomie Theory Emile Durkheim - Crime is an important ingredient to all healthy
    societies.
    Psychoanalytic Theory Sigmund Freud Crime is a symbolic expression of one's inner
    tension which a person but fails to control.
    Somatotyping Theory William Sheldon - Heredity is the primary determinant of one's
    behavior and
    - body physique is a reliable indicator of one's
    personality.
    Differential Association Theory Edwin Sutherland - Criminal behavior is learned through social
    interaction in the process of communication.
    Strain Theory Robert King Merton - It maintains that the failure of a man to achieve
    a higher status of like caused them to commit
    crimes in order for that status or goal to be
    attained.
    Cartographical School of Criminology Adolphe Quetelet - Crimes against person increase during summer
    and crimes against property increase during
    winter.
    General inferiority Theory Earnest Hooton - Criminals are originally inferior and that crime is
    the result of the impact of the environment.

    Evolution Theory Charles Darwin -Humans, like other animals, are parasites.

    -Man is an organism having an animalistic


    behavior that is dependent on other animals for
    survival. Thus, man kills and steals to live.

    Labeling Theory Frank Tannenbaum, - Behavior becomes criminal if it is labeled as


    such.
    Edwin Lemert and

    Howard Becker

    Differential Opportunity Theory Lloyd Ohlin - It explains that society leads the lower class to
    want things and society does things to people.

    Human Ecology Theory Robert Ezra Park - It maintains that crime is a function of social
    change that occurs along with environmental
    change.

    Containment Theory Walter Reckless - This theory is a form of control, which suggests
    that a series of both internal and external factors
    contributes to criminal behavior.

    Social Class Conflict and Capitalism Theory Karl Marx, Frederick Engel and William Bonger - It claims that the ruling class in a capitalist
    society is responsible for the creation of criminal
    law and their ideological bases in the
    interpretation and enforcement of their laws.

    Subculture Theory Albert Cohen - He claims that the lower class cannot socialize
    effectively as the middle class in what is
    considered appropriate middle class behavior.
    Thus, the lower class gathers together to share
    their common values forming a subculture that
    rejects middle class values.

    Neutralization Theory Gresham Sykes - It maintains that an individual will obey or


    disobey societal rules depending upon his or her
    ability to rationalize whether he is protected
    from hurt or destruction.

    Remember thy FATHERS


    CESARE BECCARIA Father of “OLD CRIMINOLOGY”
    CESARE LOMBROSO Father of “MODERN CRIMINOLOGY”
    EDWIN SUTHERLAND Dean of “MODERN CRIMINOLOGY”
    BENJAMIN MENDELSSOHN Father of “VICTIMOLOGY”
    SIGMUND FREUD Father of “PSYCHOANALYSIS”
    WILHELM WUNDT Father of “MODERN PSYCHOLOGY”
    DAVID EMILE DURKHEIM Father of “SOCIOLOGY”
    HANS GROSS Father of “CRIMINALISTICS”
    Father of “FORENSIC PUBLICATIONS”
    EDMOND LOCARD Father of “CRIME LABORATORY”
    Father of “POROSCOPY”
    ALPHONSE BERTILLON Father of “PERSONAL IDENTIFICATION”
    JOHANNES EVANGELISTA PURKINJE Father of “DACTYLOSCOPY”
    MARCELO MALPIGHI Grandfather of “DACTYLOSCOPY”
    EDWARD RICHARD HENRY Father of “FINGERPRINTING”
    FRANCIS GALTON Father of “FINGERPRINT PATTERN”
    SIR WILLIAM HERSCHEL Father of “CHIROSCOPY”
    WILLIAM HENRY FOX TALBOT Father of “PHOTOGRAPHY”
    COL. CALVIN H. GODDARD Father of “MODERN BALLISTICS”
    ALEXANDER JOHN FORSYTH Father of “PERCUSSION SYSTEM”
    JOHN M. BROWNING Wizard of “MODERN FIREARM”
    ALBERT S. OSBORN Father of “QUESTIONED DOCUMENT EXAMINATION”
    JEAN HIPPOLYTE MICHON Grandfather of “MODERN GRAPHOLOGY”
    WILLIAM M. MARSTON Father of “OLD POLYGRAPHY”
    LEONARD KEELER Father of “MODERN POLYGRAPHY”
    PAULUS ZACCHIAS Father of “LEGAL MEDICINE”
    SIXTO “ANGELO” REYES Father of “LEGAL MEDICINE IN THE PHILIPPINES”
    HIPPOCRATES Father of “MEDICINE”
    HONORATO S. GREENOUGH Forefather of “MODERN STEREOSCOPE”
    LEONE LATTES Father of “BLOODSTAIN IDENTIFICATION”
    JOSEPH FOUCHE Father of “POLICE INTELLIGENCE OPERATIONS”
    WALTER MC CRONE Father of “MICROSCOPIC FORENSICS”
    MATIEU ORFILA Father of “FORENSIC TOXICOLOGY”

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