Functional Safety Certificate Fmeda Report 3051s Electronic Remote Sensors Ers System en 88458
Functional Safety Certificate Fmeda Report 3051s Electronic Remote Sensors Ers System en 88458
Functional Safety Certificate Fmeda Report 3051s Electronic Remote Sensors Ers System en 88458
Project:
3051S Electronic Remote Sensors (ERS™) System
Company:
Rosemount
(an Emerson Process Management company)
Chanhassen, MN
USA
The document was prepared using best effort. The authors make no warranty of any kind and shall not be liable in any
event for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the application of the document.
© All rights reserved.
Management Summary
This report summarizes the results of the hardware assessment in the form of a Failure Modes,
Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis (FMEDA) of the 3051S Electronic Remote Sensors System. A
Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis is one of the steps to be taken to achieve
functional safety certification per IEC 61508 of a device. It is the FMEDA that will determine failure
rates. The FMEDA that is described in this report concerns only the hardware of the 3051S ERS
System. All requirements of IEC 61508 must be considered for full functional safety certification
purposes.
The 3051S ERS System is a two wire, 4 – 20 mA architecture that calculates differential pressure
electronically using two pressure sensors that are linked together with a digital cable. The sensor
system uses standard, well-proven sensor boards in combination with a microprocessor board that
performs diagnostics. It is programmed to send its output to a specified failure state, either high or
low, when an internal failure is detected.
It is assumed that the 4 – 20 mA output is used as a primary safety variable. No other output
variants are covered by this report.
Table 1 gives an overview of the different Primary and Secondary Sensor Models. A 3051S
Electronic Remote Sensors System consists of a Primary and a Secondary Sensor.
Table 2 Failure rates: Rosemount 3051SAM Models for ERS System (no seals) for Primary Sensor
with Coplanar Sensor and Secondary Sensor with Coplanar Sensor
1
Type B element: “Complex” element (using micro controllers or programmable logic); for details see
7.4.4.1.3 of IEC 61508-2, ed2, 2010.
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Table 3 Failure rates: Rosemount 3051SAM Models for ERS System (no seals) for Primary Sensor
with Coplanar Sensor and Secondary Sensor with In-Line Sensor or Primary Sensor with In-Line
Sensor and Secondary Sensor with Coplanar Sensor
Table 4 Failure rates: Rosemount 3051SAM Models for ERS System (no seals) for Primary Sensor
with In-Line Sensor and Secondary Sensor with In-Line Sensor
Table 6 Failure rates: Rosemount 3051SAL Models for ERS system for Primary Sensor with
Coplanar Sensor and Secondary Sensor with In-Line Sensor or Primary Sensor with In-Line
Sensor and Secondary Sensor with Coplanar Sensor (One direct mount seal for each
3051SAL model)
Table 8 Failure rates: Rosemount 3051SAL & 3051SAM (w/attached 1199 seal) Models for ERS system
for Primary Sensor with Coplanar Sensor and Secondary Sensor with Coplanar Sensor
Table 10 Failure rates: Rosemount 3051SAL & 3051SAM (w/attached 1199 seal) Models for ERS
system for Primary Sensor with In-Line Sensor and Secondary Sensor with In-Line Sensor
These failure rates are valid for the useful lifetime of the product, see Appendix A.
The failure rates listed in this report do not include failures due to wear-out of any components.
They reflect random failures and include failures due to external events, such as unexpected use,
see section 4.2.2.
Table 5 lists the failure rates for the 3051S ERS System according to IEC 61508, ed2, 2010.
A user of the 3051S ERS System can utilize these failure rates in a probabilistic model of a safety
instrumented function (SIF) to determine suitability in part for safety instrumented system (SIS)
usage in a particular safety integrity level (SIL). A full table of failure rates is presented in section
4.4 along with all assumptions.
2
It is important to realize that the No Effect failures are no longer included in the Safe Undetected failure
category according to IEC 61508, ed2, 2010.
3
Safe Failure Fraction, if needed, is to be calculated on an element level
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Table of Contents
Management Summary ....................................................................................................... 2
1 Purpose and Scope ...................................................................................................... 10
2 Project Management .................................................................................................... 11
2.1 exida ............................................................................................................................... 11
2.2 Roles of the parties involved ............................................................................................ 11
2.3 Standards and literature used .......................................................................................... 11
2.4 Reference documents ..................................................................................................... 12
2.4.1 Documentation provided by Rosemount .................................................................. 12
2.4.2 Documentation generated by exida ........................................................................ 12
3 Product Description ...................................................................................................... 13
4 Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis .......................................................... 15
4.1 Failure categories description .......................................................................................... 15
4.2 Methodology – FMEDA, failure rates ............................................................................... 16
4.2.1 FMEDA ................................................................................................................... 16
4.2.2 Failure rates ............................................................................................................ 16
4.3 Assumptions .................................................................................................................... 17
4.4 Results ............................................................................................................................ 17
5 Using the FMEDA Results ............................................................................................ 24
5.1 Impulse line clogging ....................................................................................................... 24
5.2 PFDAVG calculation 3051S ERS System .......................................................................... 24
5.3 exida Route 2H Criteria.................................................................................................... 24
6 Terms and Definitions................................................................................................... 26
7 Status of the Document ................................................................................................ 27
7.1 Liability ............................................................................................................................ 27
7.2 Releases ......................................................................................................................... 27
7.3 Future enhancements...................................................................................................... 27
7.4 Release signatures .......................................................................................................... 28
Appendix A Lifetime of Critical Components................................................................ 29
Appendix B Proof Tests to Reveal Dangerous Undetected Faults .............................. 30
B.1 Comprehensive Proof Test .............................................................................................. 30
B.2 Proof Test Coverage ....................................................................................................... 30
Appendix C exida Environmental Profiles ................................................................... 31
Appendix D Determining Safety Integrity Level ............................................................ 32
2.1 exida
exida is one of the world’s leading accredited Certification Bodies and knowledge companies
specializing in automation system safety and availability with over 300 years of cumulative
experience in functional safety. Founded by several of the world’s top reliability and safety experts
from assessment organizations and manufacturers, exida is a global company with offices around
the world. exida offers training, coaching, project oriented system consulting services, safety
lifecycle engineering tools, detailed product assurance, cyber-security and functional safety
certification, and a collection of on-line safety and reliability resources. exida maintains the largest
process equipment database of failure rates and failure modes with over 100 billion unit operating
hours.
The 3051S ERS System is classified as a Type B 4 device according to IEC 61508, having a
hardware fault tolerance of 0.
4
Type B element: “Complex” element (using micro controllers or programmable logic); for details see
7.4.4.1.3 of IEC 61508-2, ed2, 2010.
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4 Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis
The Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic Analysis was performed based on the documentation
and is documented in 2.4.2.
When the effect of a certain failure mode could not be analyzed theoretically, the failure modes
were introduced on component level and the effects of these failure modes were examined on
system level. This resulted in failures that can be classified according to the following failure
categories.
4.2.1 FMEDA
A Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) is a systematic way to identify and evaluate the
effects of different component failure modes, to determine what could eliminate or reduce the
chance of failure, and to document the system in consideration.
A FMEDA (Failure Mode Effect and Diagnostic Analysis) is an FMEA extension. It combines
standard FMEA techniques with the extension to identify automatic diagnostic techniques and the
failure modes relevant to safety instrumented system design. It is a technique recommended to
generate failure rates for each important category (safe detected, safe undetected, dangerous
detected, dangerous undetected, fail high, fail low, etc.) in the safety models. The format for the
FMEDA is an extension of the standard FMEA format from MIL STD 1629A, Failure Modes and
Effects Analysis.
4.3 Assumptions
The following assumptions have been made during the Failure Modes, Effects, and Diagnostic
Analysis of the 3051S ERS System.
• Only a single component failure will fail the entire 3051S ERS System
• Failure rates are constant, wear-out mechanisms are not included
• Propagation of failures is not relevant
• All components that are not part of the safety function and cannot influence the safety
function (feedback immune) are excluded
• The stress levels are average for an industrial environment and can be compared to the
exida Profile 2 with temperature limits within the manufacturer’s rating. Other environmental
characteristics are assumed to be within manufacturer’s rating.
• Practical fault insertion tests can demonstrate the correctness of the failure effects
assumed during the FMEDA and the diagnostic coverage provided by the online
diagnostics
• The HART protocol is only used for setup, calibration, and diagnostics purposes, not for
safety critical operation.
• The application program in the logic solver is constructed in such a way that Fail High and
Fail Low failures are detected regardless of the effect, safe or dangerous, on the safety
function.
• Materials are compatible with process conditions
• The device is installed per manufacturer’s instructions, including the wiring between the
primary and secondary sensors
• External power supply failure rates are not included
• Worst-case internal fault detection time is 1 hour
4.4 Results
Using reliability data extracted from the exida Electrical and Mechanical Component Reliability
Handbook the following failure rates resulted from the 3051S ERS System FMEDA.
Table 14 Failure rates: Rosemount 3051SAM Models for ERS System (no seals) for Primary Sensor
with Coplanar Sensor and Secondary Sensor with In-Line Sensor or Primary Sensor with In-Line
Sensor and Secondary Sensor with Coplanar Sensor
Table 16 Failure rates: Rosemount 3051SAL Models for ERS system for Primary Sensor with
Coplanar Sensor and Secondary Sensor with Coplanar Sensor (One direct mount seal for
each 3051SAL model)
Table 18 Failure rates: Rosemount 3051SAL Models for ERS system for Primary Sensor with In-
Line Sensor and Secondary Sensor with In-Line Sensor (One direct mount seal for each
3051SAL model)
Table 20 Failure rates: Rosemount 3051SAL & 3051SAM (w/attached 1199 seal) Models for ERS
system for Primary Sensor with Coplanar Sensor and Secondary Sensor with In-Line Sensor
or Primary Sensor with In-Line Sensor and Secondary Sensor with Coplanar Sensor
These failure rates are valid for the useful lifetime of the product, see Appendix A.
According to IEC 61508 the architectural constraints of an element must be determined. This can
be done by following the 1H approach according to 7.4.4.2 of IEC 61508 or the 2H approach
according to 7.4.4.3 of IEC 61508 (See Section 5.3).
The 1H approach involves calculating the Safe Failure Fraction for the entire element.
The 2H approach involves assessment of the reliability data for the entire element according to
7.4.4.3.3 of IEC 61508.
The failure rate data used for this analysis meets the exida criteria for Route 2H. Therefore the
3051S ERS System meets the hardware architectural constraints for up to SIL 2 at HFT=0 (or SIL
3 @ HFT=1) as a single device when the listed failure rates are used.
If Route 2H is not applicable for the 3051S ERS System, the architectural constraints will need to
be evaluated per Route 1H.
Table 22 lists the failure rates for the 3051S ERS System according to IEC 61508.
5
It is important to realize that the No Effect failures are no longer included in the Safe Undetected failure
category according to IEC 61508, ed2, 2010.
6
Safe Failure Fraction, if needed, is to be calculated on an element level
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5 Using the FMEDA Results
The following section(s) describe how to apply the results of the FMEDA.
exida has interpreted this to mean not just a simple 90% confidence level in the uncertainty
analysis, but a high confidence level in the entire data collection process. As IEC 61508, ed2, 2010
does not give detailed criteria for Route 2H, exida has established the following:
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1. field unit operational hours of 100,000,000 per each component; and
2. a device and all of its components have been installed in the field for one year or more; and
3. operational hours are counted only when the data collection process has been audited for
correctness and completeness; and
4. failure definitions, especially "random" vs. "systematic" are checked by exida; and
5. every component used in an FMEDA meets the above criteria.
This set of requirements is chosen to assure high integrity failure data suitable for safety integrity
verification.
7.2 Releases
Version History: V2, R4: Updated per customer comments; TES November 14, 2014.
V2, R3: Updated per customer comments; TES October 23, 2014.
V2, R2: Updated per customer comments; TES October 16, 2014.
V2, R1: Updated FMEDA to IEC 61508, 2010; TES October 1, 2014.
V1, R1: Released to Rosemount; June 1, 2010
V0, R1: Draft; 19 May 2010
Author(s): Griff Francis
Review: V0, R1: Dr. William M. Goble, 1 June 2010
Release Status: RELEASE to Rosemount
It is the responsibility of the end user to maintain and operate the 3051S ERS System per
manufacturer’s instructions. Furthermore regular inspection should show that all components are
clean and free from damage.
As there are no aluminum electrolytic capacitors used, the limiting factors with regard to the useful
lifetime of the system are the tantalum electrolytic capacitors. The tantalum electrolytic capacitors
have an estimated useful lifetime of about 50 years.
When plant experience indicates a shorter useful lifetime than indicated in this appendix, the
number based on plant experience should be used.
7
Useful lifetime is a reliability engineering term that describes the operational time interval where the failure
rate of a device is relatively constant. It is not a term which covers product obsolescence, warranty, or other
commercial issues.
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Appendix B Proof Tests to Reveal Dangerous Undetected Faults
According to section 7.4.5.2 f) of IEC 61508-2 proof tests shall be undertaken to reveal dangerous
faults which are undetected by automatic diagnostic tests. This means that it is necessary to
specify how dangerous undetected faults which have been noted during the Failure Modes, Effects,
and Diagnostic Analysis can be detected during proof testing.
Step Action
1. Bypass the safety function and take appropriate action to avoid a false trip
2. Use HART communications to retrieve any diagnostics and take appropriate action.
3. Send a HART command to the sensor to go to the high alarm current output and verify
that the analog current reaches that value 8.
4. Send a HART command to the sensor to go to the low alarm current output and verify
that the analog current reaches that value 9.
5. Perform a two-point calibration 10 of the sensor over the full working range.
6. Remove the bypass and otherwise restore normal operation
Device Comprehensive
3051S ERS System 87%
8
This tests for compliance voltage problems such as a low loop power supply voltage or increased wiring
resistance. This also tests for other possible failures.
9
This tests for possible quiescent current related failures.
10
If the two-point calibration is performed with electrical instrumentation, this proof test will not detect any
failures of the sensor
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Appendix C exida Environmental Profiles
Table 26 exida Environmental Profiles
exida Profile 1 2 3 4 5 6
Description Cabinet Low General Subsea Offshore N/A
(Electrical) mounted/ Power Field
Climate Field Mounted
Controlled Mounted
no self- self-heating
heating
Description Cabinet General General Subsea Offshore Process
(Mechanical) mounted/ Field Field Wetted
Climate Mounted Mounted
Controlled
IEC 60654-1 Profile B2 C3 C3 N/A C3 N/A
also also also
applicable applicable applicable
for D1 for D1 for D1
Average Ambient
30 C 25 C 25 C 5C 25 C 25 C
Temperature
Average Internal Process
60 C 30 C 45 C 5C 45 C
Temperature Fluid Temp.
Daily Temperature
5C 25 C 25 C 0C 25 C N/A
Excursion (pk-pk)
Seasonal Temperature
Excursion 5C 40 C 40 C 2C 40 C N/A
(winter average vs.
summer average)
Exposed to Elements /
No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
Weather Conditions
Humidity 11 0-95%
0-100% 0-100% 0-100% 0-100%
Non- N/A
Condensing Condensing Condensing Condensing
Condensing
Shock 12 10 g 15 g 15 g 15 g 15 g N/A
Vibration 13 2g 3g 3g 3g 3g N/A
Chemical Corrosion 14 Compatible
G2 G3 G3 G3 G3
Material
15
Surge
Line-Line 0.5 kV 0.5 kV 0.5 kV 0.5 kV 0.5 kV
N/A
Line-Ground 1 kV 1 kV 1 kV 1 kV 1 kV
EMI Susceptibility 16
80 MHz to 1.4 GHz 10 V/m 10 V/m 10 V/m 10 V/m 10 V/m
1.4 GHz to 2.0 GHz 3 V/m 3 V/m 3 V/m 3 V/m 3 V/m N/A
2.0Ghz to 2.7 GHz 1 V/m 1 V/m 1 V/m 1 V/m 1 V/m
ESD (Air) 17 6 kV 6 kV 6 kV 6 kV 6 kV N/A
11
Humidity rating per IEC 60068-2-3
12
Shock rating per IEC 60068-2-6
13
Vibration rating per IEC 60770-1
14
Chemical Corrosion rating per ISA 71.04
15
Surge rating per IEC 61000-4-5
16
EMI Susceptibility rating per IEC 6100-4-3
17
ESD (Air) rating per IEC 61000-4-2
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Appendix D Determining Safety Integrity Level
The information in this appendix is intended to provide the method of determining the Safety
Integrity Level (SIL) of a Safety Instrumented Function (SIF). The numbers used in the examples
are not for the product described in this report.
Three things must be checked when verifying that a given Safety Instrumented Function (SIF)
design meets a Safety Integrity Level (SIL) [N5] and [N8].
These are:
A. Systematic Capability or Prior Use Justification for each device meets the SIL level of the SIF;
B. Architecture Constraints (minimum redundancy requirements) are met; and
C. a PFDavg calculation result is within the range of numbers given for the SIL level.
B. Architecture constraints require certain minimum levels of redundancy. Different tables show
different levels of redundancy for each SIL level. A table is chosen and redundancy is incorporated
into the design [N9].
C. Probability of Failure on Demand (PFDavg) calculation uses several parameters, many of which
are determined by the particular application and the operational policies of each site. Some
parameters are product specific and the responsibility of the manufacturer. Those manufacturer
specific parameters are given in this third party report.
The product manufacturer is responsible for the first variable. Most manufacturers use the exida
FMEDA technique which is based on over 100 billion hours of field failure data in the process
industries to predict these failure rates as seen in this report. A system designer chooses the
second variable. All other variables are the responsibility of the end user site. The exSILentia®
SILVerTM software considers all these variables and provides an effective means to calculate
PFDavg for any given set of variables.
All the variables listed above are important. As an example consider a high level protection SIF.
The proposed design has a single SIL 3 certified level transmitter, a SIL 3 certified safety logic
solver, and a single remote actuated valve consisting of a certified solenoid valve, certified scotch
yoke actuator and a certified ball valve. Note that the numbers chosen are only an example and
not the product described in this report.
Using exSILentia with the following variables selected to represent results from simplified
equations:
• Mission Time = 5 years
• Proof Test Interval = 1 year for the sensor and final element, 5 years for the logic solver
• Proof Test Coverage = 100% (ideal and unrealistic but commonly assumed)
• Proof Test done with process offline
This results in a PFDavg of 6.82E-03 which meets SIL 2 with a risk reduction factor of 147. The
subsystem PFDavg contributions are Sensor PFDavg = 5.55E-04, Logic Solver PFDavg = 9.55E-
06, and Final Element PFDavg = 6.26E-03. See Figure 2.
3.50E-02
3.00E-02
2.50E-02
PFDavg 2.00E-02
Series1
Sensor
1.50E-02
Final
Series2
1.00E-02 Element
5.00E-03
0.00E+00
1 2 3 4 5
Proof Test Interval (Years)
with all other variables remaining the same, the PFDavg for the SIF equals 5.76E-02 which barely
meets SIL 1 with a risk reduction factor of 17. The subsystem PFDavg contributions are Sensor
PFDavg = 2.77E-03, Logic Solver PFDavg = 1.14E-05, and Final Element PFDavg = 5.49E-02
(Figure 4).