PRACTICE TEST 23-5

A.SECTION B: PHONETICS
Choose the word whose underlined part is pronounced differently from the others.
1. A. confusedly B. wickedly C. allegedly D. supposedly
2. A. unfold B. unfair C.undo D. unless
3. A. months B. mouths C. wreaths D. youths
4. A. explosion B. decision C. pleasant D. pleasure
Choose the word whose stress pattern is different from that of the others.

5. A. simultaneous B. entrepreneur C. advantageous D. magisterial

6. A. argumentative B. psychological C. contributory D. hypersensitive
7. A. heuristics B. negligence C. navigate D. privatize
8. A. habitable B. infamously C. geneticist D. communes

B. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTURE'

I.Choose the best answer to complete each of the following sentences.
1.I woke up late for my interview because I_________about it all the night and ,
didn’t get much sleep.
A. worried B. have been worrying C. had been worrying D. had worried
2.There__________between 4,000 to 6,000 languages in the world, depending on how you count them.
A. say to be B. are said that C. are said to be D. said being
3.wish you would stop wasting so much time on computer games and
do.........
something a little more .
A. welcome B. enviable C. feasible D. worthwhile
4. I don’t want to do the course in applied statistics, but it’s___________.
A. compulsory B. inevitable C. bound D. indecisive
5. After the investigation, the accident was put down to human__________.
A. mistake B. wrong C. error D. slip
6.I always clean the flat before my mom comes round, but she always find at least one........... of dust and
says it’s filthy.
A. scrap B. gust C. speck D. blade
7.He had a momentary.................of concentration and before he knew it the car had spun out of control.
A. lapse B. mistake C. slip D. error
8. I wonder what___________of wisdom good old C. distress D. trial
Professor Maxwell will cast ?
before us in this morning’s lecture.
A. pearls B. gems C. jewels D. stones
122 9. It is all very___________saying you are going to train harder but you’ve got to actually do it.
A. good B. fine C. well D. sensible
10.At length, it ............................. him that his life wouldn't take a turn for the better unless he left his
present employment.
A. dawned on B. assumed that C. happened to D. realized that
11.Unfortunately, not all scientists are working for a good.........
A. end B. aim C. effect D. cause
12.The draw took place yesterday, but the competition winners...................
A. are yet to be announced B. haven’t been yet announced
C. yet are to be announced D. haven’t announced yet
13.We are making an....................effort to increase production.
A. all-out B. altogether C. all-in D. all-together
14.It was impossible for me to make a decision, so I_______a com.
A. tossed B. threw C. flung D. cast
15.I prefer to practice the violin alone in my bedroom as having other members of the family listen
really .......mym style.
 A. restricts B.impedes C. obstructs D. cramps

II. Use the word given in capitals to form a word that fits in the space.
Alternative medicine is, by definition, an alternative to something else: modern, Western medicine.
But the term ‘alternative5 can be (1) (LEAD)..........., even off-putting for some people. Few (2)
(PRACTICE)....................of homeopathy, acupuncture, (3)(HERBAL)...................... and the like regard their
therapies as complete substitutes for modern medicine. Rather, they consider their disciplines as (4)
(SUPPLEMENT).............................. to orthodox medicine.
The problem is that many doctors refuse even to recognize ‘natural’ or alternative medicine, lo do so
calls for a radically different view of health, (5)(ILL)........................ and cure. But whatever doctors may think,
the demand for alternative forms of medical therapy is stronger than ever before, as the (6)
(LIMIT)....................... of modern medical science become more widely understood.
Alternative therapies are often dismissed by orthodox medicine because they are sometimes (7)
(ADMINISTRATION)......................... by people with no formal medical training. But, in comparison with
many traditional therapies, western medicine as we know it today is a very recent phenomenon. Until only 150
years ago, herbal medicine and simple (8)(ORGAN)................................. compounds were the most effective
treatments available.
Despite the medical establishment’s (9)(TOLERATE)........................ attitude, alternative therapies are
being accepted by more and more doctors, and the World Health Organization has agreed to promote the (10)
(INTEGRATE)........................of proven, valuable, ‘alternative’ knowledge and skills in western medicine.

III. The passage below contains 5 mistakes. Underline the mistakes and write the correct forms in the
corresponding numbered boxes.
Some experts think that children nowadays are missing out with the benefits that Line 0:…………….
helping in the house can bring. It is thought that doing house chores can nurture a Line 1: …………….
caring and more considerate attitude among young people, as they are learning to Line 2: …………….
contribute directly to home life. Asking children to help on a regular basic Line 3: …………….
encourages a sense of responsibility. If the task is not done, another members of Line 4: …………….
the family will suffer. If the task is appreciated by members of the family, Line 5: …………….
however, the child will experience a sense of satisfaction gained from doing a job Line 6: …………….
well. Additionally, children benefit from physical activities, and often like to be Line 7: …………….
outside, so car washing and gardening can be enjoyable. Some children like to Line 8: …………….
help their parents directly and learn by watching them do jobs around the house. Line 9: …………….
This also means parents get to spend qualified time with their children. Line 10: …………….

Pessimists may say that children are too involved in computers and techno Line 11: …………….
gadgets to find helping in the house remotely like fun. This may be true in some Line 12: …………….
cases, but not if children are brought up with the feeling that they have a valuable Line 13: …………….
role to play in family life. This not only emphasises the importance of family Line 14: …………….
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unity, but also promotes an increased feeling of self-worth and confidence which Line 15: …………….
come through having even a small amount of responsibility. Line 16: …………….

C.READING
I. Read the passage below and decide which answer (from A, B, C or D) best fits each gap.
THAT SWEET SMELL OF SUCCESS
There is a revolution in the retail world that cannot fail to attract shoppers’ noses. In the latest marketing ploy,
smells are created in laboratories to be wafted around stares in order to (1) ______ the unsuspecting into
spending more money. Secret (2) ______ of the 'designer' smells are going on in more than a hundred stores
across Britain, including bookshops, petrol stations and a chain clothes shops. The tailor-made aromas include
coconut oil in travel agents (to (3) ______ exotic holidays), and leather in car showrooms (to suggest lasting
quality). Marketing Aromatics, a camp any specializing in this area, believes that odours are under-used as a
marketing (4) ______. Until now the most frequent application has been in supermarkets where the smell from
in-store bakeries has been blown among the (5) ______ to boost sales of fresh food. "We are taking things one
stage further," said David Fellowes, the company’s commercial director. "We can build on customer loyalty by
 making customers (6) ______ a particular smell with a particular store. It is not intrusive. If it were it would
defeat the object.”
The smells are designed to work on three levels: to relax shoppers by using natural smells such as peppermint;
to (7) ______ memories using odours such as a whiff of sea breeze; and to encourage customer loyalty by
using a corporate perfume 'logo' to express a company's (8) ______. Dr George Dodd, scientific adviser to
Marketing Aromatics, believes smells can affect people's moods. "It is a very exciting time. Smells have
enormous (9) ______ to influence behaviour," he said. Critics say retailers are resorting to subliminal
advertising. "Not telling consumers that this is happening is an (10) ______ invasion of their privacy. People
have the right to know," said Conor Foley of Liberty, the civil liberties association.

1. A. entice B. trap C. force D. deceive

2. A. analyses B. investigations C. operations D. trials

3. A. remember B. arouse C. evoke D. desire

4. A. tool B. advertisement C. gadget D. gimmick

5. A. walkways B. gangways C. corridors D. aisles

6. A. join B. associate C. bond D. merge

7. A. take off B. bring back C. get through D. make up

8. A. picture B. feature C. attraction D. image

9. A. strength B. concentration C. potential D. ability

10. A. unjustified B. undeserving C. unlicensed D. unofficial

II.Read the texts below and think of the word which best fits each space. Use only ONE WORD for each
space.
THE IMPORTANCE OF PLANTS
Man has always depended on plants (1)........................ food and many other useful products. For this
reason, farming is one of the world’s most important industries. At first, (2)................. man did. not know
how to plant seeds and raise crops. He (3)...................wild fruits and vegetables where he found them. Then
man discovered how to grow his own food. He (4).....................seeds and waited for the crop to grow. For the
first time, he could be reasonably sure of his food supply. He could settle down and (5)........................shelters
in the places where he grew food.
122 As populations began to increase, the (6)....................for food became greater. Old-fashioned tools and
farming methods were insufficient in meeting the demand, so man cultivated more and more land and invented
complicated machines to make his work easier. Tractors replaced horses and other farm animals. Scientists
studied and (7)....................with plants. They told farmers how to (8). .............plant diseases, and how to
grow bigger and better crops. Now one man, with a knowledge of plants and the (9) ............... of
machines, can cultivate hundreds of acres. He can raise plants which did not originally grow in the soil or
(10).................of his community.

III. Read the following passage and choose the best answer to each question.
CLIP CULTURE
Could the short films on video-sharing sites such as YouTube ever rival films, at the cinema?
In parallel with its own exponential growth, my fascination with YouTube has galloped into a raging
obsession. Whole evenings, theoretically dedicated to writing have been hijacked by a terrible need to click
away from the Microsoft Word document, onto the internet browser, and from there the lure of YouTube is
inevitable What's not to be fascinated by? However slick or however rickety, i the best of these mini-movies
have an unmediated quality, a found-object ; realness that is completely lacking in anything available in the
 cinema or on TV. For a growing number of people, time spent surfing the web exceeds the time spent watching
TV so who knows if this way of making and watching movies might not become a huge and serious rival to the
mainstream. Many contemporary films-makers have become fascinated by the video aesthetic, and by camera
work with a deadpan surveillance feel, which has risen in parallel to this Internet I revolution.
The cinema though, does have something m common with the confessional, video blog aspect of
YouTube. The popularity of the horror film The Blair Witch i Project was inflamed by a vast, grassroots
Internet campaign which j mischievously suggested that the film's honors were real. Plus there's a cousin to
this blurring of fact and fiction in YouTube - confessional blogs which turn out to be faked by ingenious
actors. In the past, some documentaries that you could see on TV or at the cinema had YouTube qualities, in
that the footage was shot by the participants themselves, although they needed a professional cinema
practitioner to bring it to light. If the unhappy heroes of these films were making their videos now they would
probably bypass these directors and take them ... straight to YouTube. Where straight cinema and YouTube
come more closely into parallel is the use of the continuous shot: the persistent, unjudging, almost
uncomprehending gaze; an unedited, deep-focus scene in which our attention as audience is not coerced or
directed. The true YouTube gems are not the digitally carpentered mini-features. The most gripping material is
raw, unedited footage in one continuous take. Outstanding examples range from domestic events in the home
to windows on international events. Watching these, and going through the events in real time, is riveting yet
disturbing at the same time.
Many film directors have tried exploiting the eerie, disquieting quality of video- surveillance footage.
But they should look further as they might all be fascinated by, and even learn something from, what I think of
as YouTube’s comedy genre: bizarre things captured more by accident than design, which often have a
sublime quality. One such clip of a woman falling down a hole was captured by CCTV; the camera is
apparently fixed above a bar in a busy pub. Someone opens up a trap door directly behind a woman serving
drinks, with results that Buster Keaton himself would have admired. The scene is shot and framed with
unshowy formal perfection; a professional director and crew could work for months on a slapstick scene and
not get is as right as this. It’s something in the way the woman disappears so utterly from view.
Unlike the cinema, where we have to wait for reviews, you can get your material reviewed on YouTube
instantly since there is a ratings and comments section for each video. Just as the videos are more real than
films, this type of reviewing is also more honest. Cinema reviews may comment on the predictable elements,
such as plot, setting, actors, etc., but YouTube reviews are boiled down to the essence of entertainment appeal.
Are you interested enough to watch it to the end? Would you recommend it to your friends? Do you go back in
and watch it again?
The cinema of YouTube has, at its best, an appealing amateurism, unrestricted by the conventions of
narrative interest or good taste. It is a quality to be savoured, and quite different from documentary or the
attempts at realism in feature films. What makes it so involving is that the viewers extend this amateur process
in choosing, playing and sharing the files. Consequently, they supplement production with a new type of
distribution. It’s this that makes YouTube so addictive and unless the cinema learns from it, it may be
outclassed.
1.What does the writer say about his interest in YouTube?
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A.He enjoys watching YouTube while he is writing.
B.He prefers the short films on YouTube to the cinema.
C.He finds it hard to resist watching YouTube films.
D.He likes the fact that the films on YouTube are short.
2.The writer suggests YouTube will become more popular because
A. the films in it capture people when they are unaware.
B.people have changed how they use their leisure time.
C.people no longer have time to watch full-length films.
D.the films on it mimic real life with real people.
3.The word “unmediated” is closest in meaning to
A.direct B. surreal C. of high standard D. mesmerizing
4.In the third paragraph, the writer says the similarity between YouTube videos and commercial films is that
A. they both produce realistic horror films. B. they both have directors who are also actors.
C. they both depend on the Internet for publicity. D.they are both effective at faking reality.
5.The word “coerced” is closest in meaning to
A. pressed B. terrorized . C. forced D. bullied
 6.The word “eerie” is closest in meaning to
A. awesome B. strange C. obliging D. dominant
7.What does the writer say is the appeal of the continuous shot?
A. that nobody is managing the events on screen
B. B.that it can be used effectively in any setting
C.that we can see things we wouldn’t otherwise see
D.that the camera acts as our eyes on the event
8.In the fifth paragraph, the writer uses the example of the woman falling to show that
A. YouTube uses a range of sources for its films.
B. it is difficult to replicate real-life comedy.
C. YouTube has funnier films than those at the cinema.
D. it is better when participants are unaware they are being filmed.
9.Why does the writer use questions at the end of the sixth paragraph?
A. to suggest what questions cinema reviews should address .
B. to illustrate how YouTube reviews have a single focus
C. to guide the reader about what a review should contain
D. to show the broad range of views on YouTube
10.The writer concludes that YouTube is addictive because
A. it has so many potential viewers.
B. B.it offers films which have unique qualities.
C.it shows better films than those available commercially
D.It has become part of the process of making films.

IV. Read the following text and do the tasks that follow

The Impact of Wilderness Tourism

 A
The market for tourism in remote areas is booming as never before. Countries all across the world are actively
promoting their ‘wilderness’ regions – such as mountains, Arctic lands, deserts, small islands and wetlands – to
high-spending tourists. The attraction of these areas is obvious: by definition, wilderness tourism requires little
or no initial investment. But that does not mean that there is no cost. As the 1992 United Nations Conference
on Environment and Development recognized, these regions are fragile (i.e. highly vulnerable to abnormal
pressures) not just in terms of their ecology, but also in terms of the culture of their inhabitants. The three most
significant types of fragile environment in these respects, and also in terms of the proportion of the Earth’s
surface they cover, are deserts, mountains and Arctic areas. An important characteristic is their marked
seasonality, with harsh conditions prevailing for many months each year. Consequently, most human activities,
including tourism, are limited to quite clearly defined parts of the year. Tourists are drawn to these regions by
their natural landscape beauty and the unique cultures of their indigenous people. And poor governments in
these isolated areas have welcomed the new breed of ‘adventure tourist’, grateful for the hard currency they
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bring. For several years now, tourism has been the prime source of foreign exchange in Nepal and Bhutan.
Tourism is also a key element in the economies of Arctic zones such as Lapland and Alaska and in desert areas
such as Ayers Rock in Australia and Arizona’s Monument Valley.
B
Once a location is established as a main tourist destination, the effects on the local community are profound.
When hill-farmers, for example, can make more money in a few weeks working as porters for foreign trekkers
than they can in a year working in their fields, it is not surprising that many of them give up their farm-work,
which is thus left to other members of the family. In some hill-regions, this has led to a serious decline in farm
output and a change in the local diet, because there is insufficient labour to maintain terraces and irrigation
systems and tend to crops. The result has been that many people in these regions have turned to outside
supplies of rice and other foods.
In Arctic and desert societies, year-round survival has traditionally depended on hunting animals and fish and
collecting fruit over a relatively short season. However, as some inhabitants become involved in tourism, they
no longer have time to collect wild food; this has led to increasing dependence on bought food and stores.
Tourism is not always the culprit behind such changes. All kinds of wage labour, or government handouts, tend
to undermine traditional survival systems. Whatever the cause, the dilemma is always the same: what happens
 if these new, external sources of income dry up? The physical impact of visitors is another serious problem
associated with the growth in adventure tourism. Much attention has focused on erosion along major trails, but
perhaps more important are the deforestation and impacts on water supplies arising from the need to provide
tourists with cooked food and hot showers. In both mountains and deserts, slow-growing trees are often the
main sources of fuel and water supplies may be limited or vulnerable to degradation through heavy use.
C
Stories about the problems of tourism have become legion in the last few years. Yet it does not have to be a
problem. Although tourism inevitably affects the region in which it takes place, the costs to these fragile
environments and their local cultures can be minimized. Indeed, it can even be a vehicle for reinvigorating
local cultures, as has happened with the Sherpas of Nepal’s Khumbu Valley and in some Alpine villages. And
a growing number of adventure tourism operators are trying to ensure that their activities benefit the local
population and environment over the long term. In the Swiss Alps, communities have decided that their future
depends on integrating tourism more effectively with the local economy. Local concern about the rising
number of second home developments in the Swiss Pays d’Enhaut resulted in limits being imposed on their
growth. There has also been a renaissance in communal cheese production in the area, providing the locals
with a reliable source of income that does not depend on outside visitors. Many of the Arctic tourist
destinations have been exploited by outside companies, who employ transient workers and repatriate most of
the profits to their home base. But some Arctic communities are now operating tour businesses themselves,
thereby ensuring that the benefits accrue locally. For instance, a native corporation in Alaska, employing local
people, is running an air tour from Anchorage to Kotzebue, where tourists eat Arctic food, walk on the tundra
and watch local musicians and dancers. Native people in the desert regions of the American Southwest have
followed similar strategies, encouraging tourists to visit their pueblos and reservations to purchase high-quality
handicrafts and artwork. The Acoma and San Ildefonso pueblos have established highly profitable pottery
businesses, while the Navajo and Hopi groups have been similarly successful with jewellery. Too many people
living in fragile environments have lost control over their economies, their culture and their environment when
tourism has penetrated their homelands. Merely restricting tourism cannot be the solution to the imbalance,
because people’s desire to see new places will not just disappear. Instead, communities in fragile environments
must achieve greater control over tourism ventures in their regions; in order to balance their needs and
aspirations with the demands of tourism. A growing number of communities are demonstrating that, with firm
communal decision-making, this is possible. The critical question now is whether this can become the norm,
rather than the exception.
Questions 1-3
Reading Passage has three paragraphs, A-C. Choose the correct heading for each section from the list of
headings below.

List of Headings
i.     The expansion of international tourism in recent years
ii.     How local communities can balance their own needs with the demands of wilderness tourism
iii.     Fragile regions and the reasons for the expansion of tourism there
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iv.     Traditional methods of food-supply in fragile regions
v.     Some of the disruptive effects of wilderness tourism
vi.     The economic benefits of mass tourism

1  Section A
2  Section B
3  Section C

Questions 4-9
Do the following statements reflect the claims of the writer in Reading Passage 82?
In boxes 4-9 on your answer sheet, write
YES    if the statement reflects the claims of the writer
NO    if the statement contradicts the claims of the writer
NOT GIVEN    if it is impossible to say what the writer thinks about this
4. The low financial cost of setting up wilderness tourism makes it attractive to many countries.
5. Deserts, mountains and Arctic regions are examples of environments that are both ecologically and
 culturally fragile.
6. Wilderness tourism operates throughout the year in fragile areas.
7. The spread of tourism in certain hill-regions has resulted in a fall in the amount of food produced locally.
8. Traditional food-gathering in desert societies was distributed evenly over the year.
9. Government handouts do more damage than tourism does to traditional patterns of food-gathering.

Questions 10-13
Choose ONE WORD from Reading Passage for each answer.

The positive ways in which some local communities have

responded to tourism
People/Location Activity
Swiss Pays d’Enhaut Revived production of 10………………………………….
Arctic communities Operate 11 …………………………………. businesses
Acoma and San Ildefonso Produce and sell 12………………………………….
Navajo and Hopi Activity Produce and sell 13………………………………….
 

D.WRITING
Use the word in brackets; complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first one. DO
NOT change the word given.

1.I sincerely promise you that I’m telling you the truth. BOTTOM
I promise you.......................................................................................................
2.I’m telling you the truth. I left my last job because I didn’t really agree with my manager’s approach. EYE
I left my last job because
3.A reliable source told me that the local newspaper is going to shut down. AUTHORITY
.................................................... that the local newspaper is going to shut down.
4.Don’t you think you should be a bit more respectful to them, Edward? TREAT

Don’t you think you should.................................................... , Edward?

5.bet your friend could tell several stories about you. GOOD
I bet your friend ..............................................................................................
6.Although Mia was a bit off colour, she decided to take the exam. SET
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Being under........................................................................................................
7.This knife sharpener is completely useless. (DEAD)
This..............................................................................................................
8.Being her only niece, Ann is very precious to her. (APPLE)
............................................................................................................................
9.That he decided to retire early marked the end of his distinguished career. (CURTAIN)
His-...................................................................................................................................
10.The first sign of the disease is blurred vision . ONSET