50 Question PT quiz

1. Which of the following discontinuities are all castings discontinuities?

stringers, cold shuts, laminations, hot tears

cold shuts, bursts, hot tears, laps

hot tears, cold shuts, inclusions, porosity

inclusions, porosity, laminations, shrinkage

2. Aluminium alloy test specimens that have been tested by the liquid penetrant method should be
thoroughly cleaned after testing because:

The acid in the penetrant may cause severe corrosion.

The alkaline content of wet developers and most emulsifiers could result in surface pitting, particularly in moist
atmospheres.

The toxic residue from the test will severely inhibit the application of paint on aluminium alloys.

A chemical reaction between the penetrant and aluminium could cause a fire because of internal combustion.

3. The emulsifier in the post-emulsifiable penetrant method:

provides a coating to which the developer can adhere

aids penetration into tight cracks

aids post-cleaning of the part

renders surface penetrant water-washable

4. Localized heating of steel objects can result in

grinding cracks

heat checks

arc strike cracks

all of the above

5. Prior to penetrant testing of a soft metal part, which of the following cleaning methods would best remove
any smeared metal?

etching

shot peening

detergent cleaning

vapour degreasing

6. When penetrant testing Titanium alloys, the materials used in the penetrant system should not contain
any constituent quantities of:

Carbon or oil.
 Halogenated solvents.

Emulsifier or oil.

Fluorescent agent.

7. Water-washable liquid penetrants differ from post-emulsification penetrants in that water-washable

penetrants:

Can only be used on aluminium test specimens.

Need not be removed from surfaces prior to development.

Have a soapy base.

Do not need the application of an emulsifier before rinsing.

8. The tendency of a liquid penetrant to enter a discontinuity is primarily related to:

the specific gravity of th penetrant

cohesive forces of the penetrant

leakage fields

capillarity

9. Of the methods listed below, the most effective means of precleaning a test item prior to a penetrant test
is:

Vapour degreasing.

Detergent cleaning.

Steam cleaning.

Solvent wiping.

10. Which of the following is the most cost effective method of application of penetrant when fine fatigue
cracks are to be detected?

Immerse the part for one minute then drain for one minute before commencing removal.

Immerse the part for 30 minutes then commence removal.

Immerse the part for 30 minutes then allow to drain for 4 hours before commencing removal.

Immerse the part for 10 minutes then allow to drain for 20 minutes before commencing removal.

11. Prior to penetrant testing of a previously machined soft metal part, which of the cleaning methods listed
below would best remove any smeared metal that could mask discontinuities?

Etching.

Shot peening.

Alkaline cleaning.

Water cleaning with detergents.

 12. A penetrant indication, suspected of resulting from a small crack, is found in a titanium compressor
blade. Which of the following NDT methods would most reliably confirm that a crack is present?

eddy cunent testing

magnetic particle testing

radiographic testing

ultrasonic testing

13. The main purpose of the filter on a black light source is to:

protect the bulb from mechanical damage

eliminate the harmful ultraviolet radiation which is produced with the black light

eliminate the white light which is produced with the black light

eliminate both the white light and the harmful ultraviolet radiation which are produced with the black light

14. When post-emulsifiable penetrant is kept in open tanks for application by immersion:

the removability of the penetrant should be checked regularly using a smooth test panel

the penetrant should be checked regularly for sensitivity using a cracked test panel

the penetrant should be checked regularly for water content

no checking of the penetrant� s properties is required if it is supplied by a reputable manufacturer

15. Which of the following physical properties, more than any other, determines what makes material a good
penetrant?

Viscosity.

Surface tension.

Wetting ability.

No one single property determines if a material will or will not be a good penetrant.

16. Dry developer should be applied:

So that a heavy coat of developer covers all surfaces.

So that a light dusting covers all surfaces to be inspected.

With a dry paint brush.

By dipping.

17. Which of the following is a discontinuity that might be found in a forging?

Shrinkage cracks.

Laps.

Cold shuts.
 Insufficient penetration.

18. Shrinkage cracks or hot tears are usually found in what areas of a casting?

Thin sections only.

Heavy sections only.

Abrupt changes in thickness.

No longer a problem.

19. Which of the foflowing could be a source of false indications on a test specimen?

Penetrant on the test table.

Penetrant on the hands of the inspector.

Contamination of dry or wet developer with penetrant.

All of the above.

20. A term used to define defect is:

Any discontinuity with a volume greater than 1 cubic mm.

Any abnormal condition in a part.

Any change in the structure of a material, either linear or volumetric.

A discontinuity, the size, shape, orientation, or location of which reduces the useful service of the part in which it
occurs.

21. Which system would provide maximum sensitivity for detection of fatigue cracks in an aircraft wheel?

A water washable fluorescent penetrant, sensitivity level 1, with dry developer.

A visible solvent removable penetrant with dry developer.

A post emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant, sensitivity level 2, with dry developer.

A post emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant, sensitivity level 4, with non aqueous wet developer.

22. The term �non-relevant indication� is used to describe certain types of penetrant testing indications.
Which of the following would be a typical �non-relevant indication�?

Indications due to part geometry or part design configurations.

Nonmagnetic indications.

Multiple indications.

Non-linear indications.

23. Cast grey iron would be inspected using what inspection technique:

dual sensitivity penetrant

 solvent removable

post-emulsifiable

water washable

24. Which of the following is not good practice when penetrant testing?

Applying emulsifier by dipping the part in emulsifier.

Applying developer by spraying the part with developer.

Removal of water-washable penetrant with a water spray.

Applying emulsifier with a brush.

25. Which of the following statements concerning developers is NOT true?

Non-aqueous wet developers are recommended for use with water-washable colour-contrast penetrants.

Water-suspended developers are recommended for use with post-emulsifiable colour-contrast penetrants.

Water-soluble developers are recommended for use with post-emulsifiable colour-contrast penetrants.

Dry developers are recommended for use with water-washable fluorescent penetrants.

26. Emulsifier time:

Is important but not normally critical.

Is the time needed to rinse the emulsifier and excess penetrant from the surface. -

Is extremely important and will greatly affect test results.

Should be as long as economically practical.

27. An NDT procedure specifies a minimum penetrant dwell period of 30 minutes. What dwell period should
be used if the component was to be inspected at a temperature of 5 degrees Celsius?

15 minutes

Dwell time should be based on manufacturers recommendations.

60 minutes

Penetrant inspection should not be cathed out at these temperatures.

28. The most difficult developers to remove are the

film type developer

dry developers

aqueous soluble developers

wet aqueous developers

29. Penetrant residues may become entrapped under splines, fasteners, rivets, etc. Which of the following is
the most likely reaction caused by such a residue?
 Corrosion caused by the moisture attracted by such residues.

Paint stripping,

Fatigue cracking.

Lattice structure breakdown.

30. Which of the following discontinuities could be classified as an inherent discontinuity often found in cast
material?

Fatigue crack.

Stress-corrosion crack.

Porosity.

Lack of penetration.

31. Which of the following characteristics are normally considered when selecting the type of penetrant to
be used in a penetrant test?

Removal characteristics of the penetrant.

The flash point of the penetrant.

The cost of the penetrant.

All of the above.

32. When carrying out penetrant leak testing:

a developer should NOT be used

the developer should be applied before the penetrant is applied

the penetrant and developer should be applied to opposite sides of the test part

both the penetrant and the developer should be applied to both sides of the test part

33. The tendency of a liquid penetrant to enter a discontinuity is primarily related to:

The viscosity of the penetrant.

The capillary forces.

The chemical inertness of the penetrant.

The specific gravity of the penetrant.

34. Which of the statements below concerning the operation of the black light bulbs of the mercury arc type
is NOT true?

It takes about 5 minutes for the bulb to warm up to its full output when first turned on.

The lamp will go out if the line voltage drops below 180 volts.

Line voltage variations above 260 volts will have little or no effect on the bulb.

If for any reason the arc is extinguished, the bulb will not immediately respond if the lamp is turned on right after it
 has bee

35. The penetrant indication of a forging lap will normally be:

A round or nearly round indication.

A cluster of indications.

A continuous line.

A dotted line.

36. The function of the emulsifier in the post-emulsification penetrant method is to:

More rapidly drive the penetrant into deep, tight cracks.

React with the surface penetrant to make the penetrant water washable.

Add fluorescent dye or pigme�t to the penetrant.

Provide a coating to which dry powder developer can adhere.

37. Developer assists in the detection of the visible dye penetrant test indications by:

Providing a clean surface.

Providing a contrasting background.

Providing a dry surface.

Emulsifying the penetrant bleed-out.

38. Some alloys are susceptible to corrosion or embrittlement due to the chemical action between the alloy
and penetrant. This problem can be avoided after inspection by:

application of inhibitor

wrapping parts in plastic

post cleaning and inhibitor application

blowing down parts with compressed air

39. During a penetrant test, water was used to remove the surface penetrant after the penetrant dwell. The
surface:

should be dried before the application of either dry or non-aqueous wet developer

need not be dried before the application of either dry or non-aqueous wet developer

need not be dried before the application of dry developer but should be dried before the application of non-aqueous
wet develope

should be dried before the application of dry developer but need not be dried before the application of non-aqueous
wet develope

40. An important difference between non water soluble penetrants and water washable penetrants is:

water washable penetrants contain an emulsifier while non water soluble penetrants do not.
 the viscosity of the two penetrants is different.

the colour of the two penetrants is different.

non water soluble penetrants are more easily removed than are water washable penetrants.

41. Which of the following statements concerning contaminating materials on the surface of a part to be
penetrant tested is not true?

The contaminant may be of a composition that attacks the penetrant and reduces the fluorescence or colour of the
penetrant.

The contaminants may be of such a nature that they reduce or even prevent capillary action by the penetrant.

The contaminant may retain the penetrant and thus increase the sensitivity of the inspection.

The contaminant may completely fill the crack preventing the entry of penetrant.

42. Tests for penetrant sensitivity may best be conducted using:

cracked chromium-plated specimens

chemical analysis

fluorescence measurements

measurements of dye content

43. The part is a 12.5 mm (1/2�) thick aluminium plate with a Vee weld. Description - the indication
appears in an area that is somewhat dish-shaped. The indication extends out from the centre in a spoke
formation. The indication is:

Shrinkage.

Non-relevant.

A quench crack.

A crater crack.

44. When performing a liquid penetrant test using solvent removable visible dye penetrant one method
listed below is generally regarded as most suitable for giving accurate test results?

Squirting solvent over the surface with no more than 275 kPa (40 psi) pressure.

Wiping with a soaking wet cloth, then wiping with a dry cloth.

Wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, then wiping with dry cloths.

Wiping with dry paper wipes, then wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, and finally wiping with dry cloth.

45. Which of the following contaminants could affect the sensitivity of a penetrant?

Acid.

Water.

Salts.

All of the above

46. Which of the following is TRUE when solvent precleaners are used prior to penetrant inspection?

Penetrant should be applied to the surface immediately after precleaning.

The inspector should wait for a few minutes after precleaning before applying penetrant.

Penetrant may be applied either immediately after precleaning, or after an interval of time, provided the surface is
not allowed

After precleaning, the part should be checked for fluorescence using black light, after which the developer is applied.

47. A crack type discontinuity will generally appear as:

A round indication.

A continuous line, either straight or jagged.

A straight, single solid line.

Random round or elongated holes.

48. When penetrant testing for shallow discontinuities using a post emulsification penetrant, the
emulsification time should be long enough to:

Mix the emulsifier with the excess surface penetrant only.

Mix the emulsifier with all the penetrant on the surface and in discontinuities.

Mix the emulsifier with penetrant in the discontinuities.

Allow the emulsifier to thy out to a white powder.

49. The factor that has the greatest effect on the speed at which a penetrant indication forms is:

relative size of defect

type of material tested

type of penetrant used

all of the above

50. Which discontinuities are more dangerous?

Gas pores in a weld.

Subsurface shrinkage.

Surface breaking fatigue cracks

Surface breaking porosity.

 Question: Which of the following is a purpose of the drying process used in penetrant testing?
Correct answer: After the application of a wet developer, the drying process aids in securing a uniform developer coating.

Question: The most difficult developers to remove are the

Correct answer: wet aqueous developers

Question: The greater the blacklight intensity and the lower the ambient white light intensity
Correct answer: the smaller the detectable indication

Question: Rejection or acceptance of parts should be based on which of the following, in absence of written acceptance
criteria?
Correct answer: The design of the part and its intended application.

Question: Which of the following contaminants could affect the sensitivity of a penetrant?
Correct answer: All of the above.

Question: Localized heating of steel objects can result in

Correct answer: all of the above

Question: Which of the following (on the basis of cost-efficiency) NOT recommended for penetrant application and dwell?
Correct answer: immerse the part in penetrant for 20 minutes then drain for 30 seconds

Question: A commonly used method of checking the overall performance of a penetrant system is by:
Correct answer: comparing two sections of an artificially cracked aluminium sample.

Question: Prior to penetrant testing of a soft metal part, which of the following cleaning methods would best remove any
smeared metal?
Correct answer: etching

Question: What is the most common purpose of non-destructive testing?

Correct answer: to find discontinuities which may be haimful to the service of the part

Question: When improper processing causes inspection difficulties, what should the inspector do?
Correct answer: Reprocess the part.

Question: Which of the following is not a form in which penetrant developer is commonly available?
Correct answer: High viscosity developer.

Question: A crack type discontinuity will generally appear as:

Correct answer: A continuous line, either straight or jagged.

Question: The ability to visually identify a discontinuity using liquid penetrant depends upon:
Correct answer: the penetrant method being used

Question: Tests for penetrant sensitivity may best be conducted using:

Correct answer: cracked chromium-plated specimens

Question: The penetrant most easily removed from wide, shallow discontinuities is:
Correct answer: Water-washable fluorescent penetrant.

Question: The tendency of a liquid penetrant to enter a discontinuity is primarily related to:
Correct answer: capillarity

Question: The main purpose of the filter on a black light source is to:
Correct answer: eliminate both the white light and the harmful ultraviolet radiation which are produced with the black light

Question: Which of the following discontinuities might be found in a welded fabrication?

Correct answer: Lack of fusion.
 Question: Dry developer should be applied:
Correct answer: So that a light dusting covers all surfaces to be inspected.

Question: A part being processed through a fluorescent water-washable penetrant system was inadvertently left to drain
overnight after the application of penetraut. What action should be taken?
Correct answer: Completely reprocess the part, commencing with cleaning.

Question: When penetrant testing for shallow discontinuities using a post emulsification penetrant, the emulsification time
should belong enough to:
Correct answer: Mix the emulsifier with the excess surface penetrant only.

Question: Penetrant residues may become entrapped under splines, fasteners, rivets, etc. Which of the following is the most
likely reaction caused by such a residue?
Correct answer: Corrosion caused by the moisture attracted by such residues.

Question: Which of the following is a possible cause for false penetrant indications?
Correct answer: Lint or dirt.

Question: The part is an aluminium forging. Description - the indication is sharp, half-moon shape, not deep, and is called a:
Correct answer: Lap.

Question: Electrostatic application of penetrant materials is preferred because

Correct answer: all of the above

Question: Which of the following penetrant inspection processes is generally agreed to be the most sensitive and reliable?
Correct answer: Post-emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant with a non-aqueous wet developer.

Question: The part is an aluminium casting. Description - the casting has a very complex design. In one section there is a flat
area having a thickness of 3 mm (1/8�). In the centre of this area is a round section, 50mm (2�) thick and 25mm (1�) in
diameter. There are linear indications about one-half the distance around the base where it joins into the thin section. The
indication is termed:
Correct answer: Hot tear.

Question: The flash point of a fluorescent penetrant is:

Correct answer: the temperature at which sufficient flammable vapour is given off by the penetrant to form an explosive
mixture

Question: Cast grey iron would be inspected using what inspection technique:
Correct answer: water washable

Question: An important difference between non water soluble penetrants and water washable penetrants is:
Correct answer: water washable penetrants contain an emulsifier while non water soluble penetrants do not.

Question: Which of the following is an advantage of visible dye penetrants over fluorescent penetrants?
Correct answer: No special lighting is required.

Question: Which of the following statements concerning contaminating materials on the surface of a part to be penetrant
tested is not true?
Correct answer: The contaminant may retain the penetrant and thus increase the sensitivity of the inspection.

Question: A term used to define defect is:

Correct answer: A discontinuity, the size, shape, orientation, or location of which reduces the useful service of the part in
which it occurs.

Question: One of the differences between the hydrophffic and lipophilic post-emulsifiable penetrant systems is:
Correct answer: The application of hydropbilic remover to test parts should be preceded by a water rinse.
 Question: How is the degree of washing assessed when removing fluorescent penetrant:
Correct answer: Wash under UV-A light until only the slightest tint of fluorescence is left on the surface

Question: Which system would provide maximum sensitivity for detection of fatigue cracks in an aircraft wheel?
Correct answer: A post emulsifiable fluorescent penetrant, sensitivity level 4, with non aqueous wet developer.

Question: Prior to penetrant testing of a previously machined soft metal part, which of the cleaning methods listed below
would best remove any smeared metal that could mask discontinuities?
Correct answer: Etching.

Question: Of the methods listed below, the most effective means of precleaning a test item prior to a penetrant test is:
Correct answer: Vapour degreasing.

Question: The factor that has the greatest effect on the speed at which a penetrant indication forms is:
Correct answer: relative size of defect

Question: Which discontinuities are more dangerous?

Correct answer: Surface breaking fatigue cracks

Question: If the ultra-violet lamp being used for inspection has a cracked filter:
Correct answer: harmful damage could occur to your eyes

Question: Which of the following discontinuities would be impossible to detect using a liquid penetrant test?
Correct answer: Non-metallic internal inclusions.

Question: An important difference between non-water-washable penetrants and water-washable penetrants is that:
Correct answer: Water-washable penetrants contain an emulsifier, while non-water-washable penetrants do not.

Question: The sulphur found in penetrant materials are detrimental to:

Correct answer: nickel

Question: A part to be penetrant tested has just been removed from a vapour degreaser. What is the next step in processing?
Correct answer: wait for a few minutes, then immerse the part in the tank of penetrant

Question: Different types of discontinuities in various materials require different penetration limes. In general, fine, tight
cracks require:
Correct answer: A longer penetration time than is required for large shallow discontinuities.

Question: An overhaul facifity regularly penetrant tests aluminium alloy aircraft wheels from service in order to detect fatigue
cracks. Which of the following would be the most efficient final cleaning process before penetrant testing?
Correct answer: vapour degreasing

Question: When performing a liquid penetrant test using solvent removable visible dye penetrant one method listed below is
generally regarded as most suitable for giving accurate test results?
Correct answer: Wiping with dry paper wipes, then wiping with a solvent dampened cloth, and finally wiping with dry cloth.

Question: Which penetrant test materials should be highly volatile?

Correct answer: solvent pre-cleaner and the liquid in non-aqueous wet developef