5G Technology: Opportunities and Challenges

5G TECHNOLOGY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES
5G, which stands for 5th generation technology is an extension of the 4G

technology and has new advancements including networking speed, better
bandwidth and services added to it
5G is basically a mobile technology which has evolved from the basic 1G
technology that came up with the cell phones coming into the communication
world. 5G is seen as the future generation technology and its goals are definitely
progressive. There are three types of 5G being built in the U.S including low-band,
mid-band and high-band mmWave5G. Technologies like AT&T, Verizon and T-
Mobile/Sprint all have different strategies in their implementation of the 5G
network.
5G is designed to increase networking speed, reduce latency and also improve
flexibility of wireless services. The blips that happen in Transmission due to
movement of device from one location to another with network changes are
expected to be non-existent with 5G technology.
While earlier generation of cellular technology focused on ensuring connectivity
5G takes connectivity to the next level by delivering connected experiences from
the cloud clients. 5G networks are virtualized and software driven, and they exploit
cloud technologies. 4G technology has a peak speed of 1Gps but 5G promises a
peak speed of about 20Gps over fixed stations.
The key applications and services to using the 5G technology includes
lowering latency which can improve the performance of business applications as
well as other digital experiences (such as online gaming, video conferencing and
self-driving cars. Another striking feature is that the 5G network will also amplify
mobility with seamless open roaming capabilities between cellular and Wi-Fi
access. Mobile users can stay connected as they move between outdoor wireless
connections and wireless networks inside building without user intervention or the
need for user to authenticate. Also, the new Wi-Fi 6 wireless standard (also known
as 802.11ax) shares traits with 5G, including improved performance. Wi-Fi 6
radios can be replaced where users need them to provide better geographical
coverage and lower cost underlying these Wi-Fi 6 radios is a software-based
network with advanced automation. Revolutionary new devices are most likely to
be created and mobile stores set to be one of the first key distributors of the 5G
network.
5G technology will introduce advances throughout network architecture. 5G New
Radio, the global standard for a more capable 5G wireless air interface, will cover
spectrums not used in the 4G. New antennas will incorporate technology known as
massive MIMO (multiple input, multiple output), which enables multiple
transmitters and receivers to transfer more data at the same time. But 5G
technology is not limited to the new radio spectrum. It is designed to support a
converged, heterogenous network combining licensed and unlicensed wireless
technologies. This will add bandwidth available for users.
5G also enhances digital experiences through machine learning (ML) enabled
automation demand for response times within fractions of a second (such as for
self-driving cars) require 5G networks to enlist automation with ML and eventually
deep learning and artificial intelligence (AI). Automated provision and proactive
management of traffic and services will reduce infrastructure cost and enhance the
connected experience.
While the opportunities and advantages of 5G technology are certainly
promising, its deployment comes with challenges. Some of these challenges are;
Spectrum allocation, Spectrum costs, Lack of infrastructure, Cost of increased
network density, Dynamic network sharing and more.
Spectrum allocation, in order to achieve higher data rates and massive network
capacity, 5G requires a high amount of spectrum. The requirement includes a low
frequency band of less than 1 GHz, a mid-frequency band (in 2.3 - 3.5 GHz range)
for its macro cells, and a high frequency band (mmWave in 26 - 100 GHz range)
for its micro cells.
Spectrum costs, another concern is spectrum prices. A recent study shows that
spectrum prices in developing countries are, on average, more than three times
higher than that of developed countries. Thus, the cost of spectrum could be a
major factor that will make a difference in 5G roll-out from country to country.
Lack of infrastructures. Access to infrastructure is one of the critical aspects to
ensure 5G coverage and capacity. Infrastructure includes towers, antenna and more
to host base stations and accessories needed for their inter-connectivity. 5G
operators consider fiber connectivity as an important factor for the back-haul
portion of the network to achieve massive capacity. Currently most of the base
stations in 4G are not connected using fiber. Developing optical fiber infrastructure
is expensive and it comes with high maintenance costs too.
During the implementation of 5G networks there will be challenges but I think the
opportunities that comes afterwards is really great because 5G is expected to
improve connectivity in underserved rural areas and in cities where demand can
outstrip todays 4G technology. 5G networks will also have a dense, distributed
access architecture and move data processing closer to the edge and the users to
enable faster data processing.
In short, 5G is expected to revolutionize the era of advanced development
and bring a huge improvement in the communication and electronics standard and
patterns. The success of 5G will bring many advantages to the communication
world and make it a different world altogether.
REFERENCES.
 https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/5G
 https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/what-is-5G.html
 Cnbc.com/2020/01/09/what-is-5g-heres-what-is-verizon-att-sprint-and-t-
mobile-offer.html
 https://www.t-mobile.com/5G
 www.qualcomm.com/5G
 Hillnotes.ca/2020/02/13/5g-technology-opportunities-challenges-and-
risks/amp/
 https://www.scrip.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=106943

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5G TECHNOLOGY: OPPORTUNITIES AND CHALLENGES

5G, which stands for 5th generation technology is an extension of the 4G

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