PREFACE

Welcome to this course on Mechatronics!

This manual consists of two modules: (1) Installing Mechatronics

Devices, and (2) Configuring and Adjusting Mechatronics Devices. It is
designed to equip you, TVL learners, with essential knowledge, skills,
and attitude on mechatronics in accordance with industry standards
that will lead you toward achieving National Certificate Level II.

Each module is made up of the following components:

1. Expected Learning Outcomes—This lays out the learning

outcomes that you are expected to have accomplished at the
end of the module.
2. Preassessment—This determines your prior learning on the
particular unit of competencies you are about to take.
3. Definition of Technical Terms—This lists the meaning of
unfamiliar words used in this module.
4. Lesson Information—This provides you with the important
knowledge, principles, and attitude that will help you meet the
expected learning outcomes.
5. Self-Check—This helps you to assess your understanding of a
lesson.
6. Learning Activity—This provides you with the application of the
knowledge and principles you have gained from the lesson and
enables you to further enhance your skills as you carry out
prescribed tasks.
7. Post-assessment—This evaluates your overall understanding
about the module.

This manual is designed so you can pace yourself as you use them to
achieve the prescribed learning competencies. It also aims to prepare
you to be at the forefront of the fast-growing world of industry and in
your quest for higher education, middle-skills development,
employment, and entrepreneurship.

We hope this material will be of great help to you!

MODULE 1: INSTALLING AND CONFIGURING COMPUTER SYSTEM

EXPECTED LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the module, you should be able to:

LO1. read and interpret work instruction according to the

installation job requirements;
LO2. identify tools, equipment, testing devices, and materials
needed for installation;
LO3. install mechatronic devices; and
LO4. conduct test on the installed mechatronic devices.

PRE-ASSESSMENT
Let us determine how much you already know about installing
mechatronic devices. Read and analyze each statement carefully.
Choose the best answer and write only the letter of your answer on
your answer sheet.

1. This term comes from the Greek word that means “air, wind or
breath, and movement.”
a. hydraulic
b. motor control
c. pneumatic
d. programmable logic control

2. This is a mechatronics system that deals with the study of liquids

in motion and pressure in pipes and cylinders.
a.actuator
b.hydraulic
c.motor control
d.pneumatic

3. This is a component of the pneumatic system used to control the

direction, flow rate, and pressure of compressed air.
a. air filter
b. pressure switch
c. reservoir
d. valve

4. This is a combination of mechanisms and electronics.

a. auto mechanics
b. electronics
c. mechanics
b. mechatronics
Lesson 1: Assemble Computer Hardware

 Plan and prepare unit assembly following OHS policies &

procedure in accordance in system requirements

 Identify materials, tools, testing devices and equipment need

in assembling and disassembling computer hardware

 Perform assembling and disassembling computer hardware

DEFINITION OF TECHNICAL TERMS

Computer Hardware - includes the physical, tangible parts or
components of a computer

Configuration - an arrangement of elements in a particular form,

figure, or combination.

Hazard – a potential source of danger.

LESSON INFORMATION 1.1: OCCUPATIONAL
HEALTH & SAFETY PROCEDURES

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY POLICY

is a cross-disciplinary area concerned with protecting the safety,

health and welfare of people engaged in work. The goal of all
occupational health and safety programs is to foster a safe work
environment. As a secondary effect, it may also protect co-workers,
family members, employers, customers, suppliers, nearby
communities, and other members of the public who are impacted
by the workplace environment. It may involve interactions among
many subject areas, including occupational medicine, occupational
(or industrial) hygiene, public health, safety engineering,
chemistry, health physics.

Safety practices should be learned early and always adhered to

when working with any electrical device, including personal
computers and peripherals. This is for the protection of not only the
people working with them, but also for the devices themselves. The
basis for this process begins with your Occupational Health and
Safety Policies.
PERSONAL SAFETY WHILE WORKING ALONG WITH PC’S

While working inside your computer, do not attempt to service

the computer except as explained in this guide and elsewhere in
product documentation. Always follow the instructions closely.

Computer equipment can be dangerous, and you or others can be

injured or even killed if you don’t follow proper safety guidelines when
working along PC’s. The following are some precautionary measures
to take before working with any computer equipment:

Before you start to work on the computer, perform the following

steps in the sequence indicated:

1. Turn off the computer and all peripherals.

2. Ground often to prevent static charges from building up by

touching a piece of bare metal on the chassis or power supply.

3. Disconnect the computer and peripherals from their electrical

outlets. Doing so reduces the potential for personal injury or
shock. Also disconnect any telephone or telecommunication
lines from the computer.
NOTE: Before disconnecting a peripheral from the system or removing
a component from the system board, verify that the standby power
light-emitting diode (LED) on the system board has turned off.

In addition, it is recommended that you periodically review the safety

instructions in your System Information Guide.

OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY PROCEDURES

1. Avoid direct contact with electricity.

2. Secure/check and prepare the materials and workplace.

3. Apply ESD (Electro Static Discharge).

4. Apply 5’s

a. Sort

b. Set in order

c. Shine

d. Standardized

e. Sustain

5. Use anti-static protection.

6. Work on dry clean areas.

ADDITIONAL SAFETY TIPS:

 Keep the work area free of clutter and keep it clean.
 Keep food and drinks out of the work area.
 Avoid opening a computer monitor unless trained since it can
store up to 25,000 volts.
 Remove all jewelry and watches
 Make sure that the power is off and the power plug has been
removed
 Do not look at the laser beam that is found in computer related
equipment.
 Make sure that the fire extinguisher and first aid kit is
available.
 Cover sharp edges with tape when working inside the computer
case.
  Wear shoes with non-conductive rubber soles to help reduce the
chance of being shocked or seriously injured in an electrical
accident.
 When you shut down your computer, be sure to shut it down
properly.  Do not turn it off with the case switch.
 Do not remove expansion cards from a computer when it is
turned on.
 Do not work on components that are plugged into their power
source.
PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
- is anything used or worn by a person to minimize risk to the
person's health or safety and includes a wide range of clothing and
safety equipment. PPE includes boots, face masks, hard hats, ear
plugs, respirators, gloves, safety harnesses, high visibility clothing etc.
TYPES OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT
In every aspect of
work, it is

necessary to have concern specially to health in order to avoid hazard.

PPE can be considered in the following categories, based on the type of protection
afforded by the equipment:

Types of personal
protective Description Examples
equipment

Respiratory Use to protect our disposable, cartridge,

protection nasal passages in airline, half or full face
breathing to filter the
radical elements
present in the air

Eye protection Use to protect our spectacles/goggles,

eyes from small shields, visors
element coming the
air

Hearing protection Use to protect the ear muffs and plugs

ears from too much
noise or very loud
 machines

Hand protection Use to protect our Gloves, anti-static

hands from dangers wrist strap
and cuts

Foot protection Use to protect our shoes/boots

feet from pointed
object in the ground

Head protection Use to protect our helmets, caps, hoods,

head from any falling hats
debris

Working from heights Use to attached our harness and fall arrest
body securely in a devices
strong object

Skin protection Use to protect our hats, sunburn cream,

skin from intense long sleeved clothes
heat of the sun

HAZARDS IN A WORKPLACE

Preventive maintenance and strict observation of occupational

health and safety will lead to a safe working environment to all. Using
the appropriate personal protective equipment will minimize the
untoward incident that may happen. In order the technician, be safe
all the times and hazard will be avoided they are encourage to use the
personal protective equipment always specially if they are in the
workplace.

Classification of Description Examples

Hazards

Chemical Substances which can Etching solution

cause harm if not Lead
properly used or stored Mercury

Physical Physical things that can Hand tools

bring hazard to you as a Power tools
technician Machinery
Electrical power
Ladders and scaffolds
Biological Hazards caused by Unclean and
insects and animals disorganized
which can results to Animal and insect
irritation and allergies bites
Ergonomic Working condition Poor lighting and
which can cause harm ventilation
in a long run like back Poor sitting position
aches and poor eye Wrong lifting
sight movement

Psychological Problems and anxiety in Difficulty in work

the workplace Heavy workload
Too much servicing
jobs
Conflict with
employer and co-
worker
Irregular shifting
work schedule

SELF-CHECK 1.1
Directions:

Identify at least 10 Occupation health and Safety (OHS) policies

and procedures in CSS.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.1

Appropriate Use of Personal Protective

TASK TITLE:
Equipment
Maintain and Repair Computer Systems
UNIT:
and Networks

Info Sheet 4.3.1, Internet, TLE Module

READING:

Given the necessary tools and equipment,

OBJECTIVES:
you should be able to perform appropriate
use of personal protective equipment.
LABORATORY WORK: Materials:

1. List down the Gloves

available personal Anti-static wrist strap
protection equipment in
the shop. Helmet
2. Collect the ppe and Flashlight
put in available space.
apron
3, Inspect the ppe for
using.

4. Wear the collected ppe

and show it to the class
as a model.

EVALUATION: The student will be assessed according to the

performance criteria.

Performance Criteria 1.1

Did you…. Yes No

1. Recognize the available personal protective equipment

in the shop
2. Determine its uses for your own protection

3. Inspect its condition if it still in good condition

4. Wear it appropriately to ensure safety.

5. Tell its importance for safety in workplace

LESSON 1.2: THE COMPUTER SUB-SYSTEM AND PERIPHERALS

THE COMPUTER SUB-SYSTEM AND PERIPHERALS

Computer Hardware is the collection of physical elements that

comprise a computer system. Computer hardware refers to the
physical parts or components of computer.

MAJOR HARDWARE COMPONENTS OF A COMPUTER SYSTEM

A. System unit

The electronic circuitry that is housed within the computer

where processing happens. It is a main part of a microcomputer.
TWO MAIN PARTS OF THE SYSTEM UNIT

1) External parts (These parts are found outside the System Unit)

 Power switch – It switches the computer

on and off. It is found in front of the
system unit

 Optical drive – This is where disks are

inserted. This may be a floppy disk drive,
a CD-Rom drive, a hard disk drive, or any
combination of these drives

 System case – House the internal

components and protects them against
dust and damage.

 Back panel ports – These are the holes

at the back of the system unit that allows
transfer of data.

 Light emitting diode – These are lights

in front of the system unit

2. Internal parts (These parts are found inside the System Unit)

 Microprocessor or central processing

unit – It is actually the heart or brain of the
 computer. It carries out and performs most
of the instructions from either user of
software.

 Card – This is where disks are inserted.

This may be a floppy disk drive, a CD-Rom
drive, a hard disk drive, or any combination
of these drives.

 Motherboard – It is the main circuit board

that contains the central processing unit for
the computer, memory and sometimes
printer ports or other devices.

 Network interface card – The PC

expansion board that plug into a personal
computer or server and works with the
network operating system to control the
flow of information over the network.

 Hard disk – Also known as hard drive is a

magnetic storage device that is installed
inside the computer.

 Power supply - Gives the system unit

enough power in processing.

 FAN - Keeps the CPU cool inside

 Memory - Is a temporary storage space of

information and instructions.

B. Input Devices

These are devices that accept input (data instructions) from the
user or from another computer system.
 The following are the most common input devices that:

 Enable you to input information and commands into to

computer.

 Function as a medium in translating human language

into machine or computer language so that the
computer could process the commands supplied by
the user.

 Keyboard – It is similar to a typewriter but

has special buttons or keys that signify a
command. It is used to enter data and
commands into the computer

 Mouse – It is a box-like input device

connected along wire. This device controls the
movement of the cursor or pointer on a
display screen

 Scanner- it is an input device that read text

or illustration printed on paper, translates the
information into a form that a computer can
use.

 Video camera - camera using videotape: a

camera that records onto videotape

C. OUTPUT DEVICES
These are devices that translate and represent the processed information from the
computer’s CPU into human readable forms.

 Monitor or video display screen - A device

that resembles a television screen for users
to see the activities that they are doing in
the computer.

 Printer - it is a piece of hardware that

produces a paper copy (also known as
‘hardcopy’) of the information generated by
the computer
  Speaker - A device that changes the
electrical signals into a form that can be
heard and understood by humans.

SELF-CHECK. 1.2
DIRECTION:

Identify the following computer components

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.
7.

8.

9.

10.

LESSON 1.3: TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND TESTING DEVICE

Tools, Equipment and Testing Devices

 FLASH DRIVE – RAM that can retain data
without electrical power. It is widely used
for BIOS chips and for digital camera and
digital music storage.

 LONG NOSE PLIERS – is used for holding,

bending and stretching the lead of
electronics component or connecting wire.

 SOLDERING KIT – is used to join two or

more metal conductors with the support of
soldering lead melted around it.

 DESOLDERING TOOL – is used to unsolder

unwanted parts or component in the circuit
with the support of soldering pencil.
 SCREW DRIVER - is used to drive or fasten
positive slotted screws

 MULTITESTER- is an instrument use to

measure voltage, current and resistance.

 Tweezers – Used to manipulate small

parts.

 Part Retriever – Used to retrieve parts from

location that is too small for your hand to
fit.

 Flashlight – Used to light up areas that you

cannot see well.

 Compressed Air – Used to blow away dust

and debris from different computer parts
without touching the components.

 Anti-Static Wrist Strap – Used to prevent

ESD damage to computer equipment

 Anti- static mat - Used to stand on or

place hardware on to prevent static electricity
from building up.
  Lint-free Cloth – Used to clean different
computer components without scratching
or leaving debris.

 Loop –Back Adapter – Used to test the

functionality of the computer ports

SELF-CHECK. 1.3
Directions: Name the tools presented below. Write your answers on the space
provided before each tool.

1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.
4. 9.

5. 10.

LESSON 1.4: COMPUTER OPERATING SYSTEM

Operating System - is a set of programs that manage computer

hardware resources and provide common services for application
software. The operating system is a vital component of the system
software in a computer system. Application programs require an
operating system which are usually separate programs, but can be
combined in simple systems.

Time-sharing operating systems schedule tasks for efficient use of the

system and may also include accounting for cost allocation of
processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.

What Operating Systems Do?

Operating systems define how a computer stores files, switches
between different applications, manages memory, keeps itself secure,
and interacts with peripherals like printers and cameras. Different
operating systems take different approaches to all of these, which is
why you normally can't run a Windows program on a Macintosh
computer and why permissions look different on an Android phone
than on an iPhone.
Some operating systems are designed by groups of people around the
world, like the open source, freely available operating system Linux,
while others are commercial products made by one company, such as
Microsoft's Windows and Apple's macOS.
Different operating systems run on different types of hardware and are
designed for different types of applications. For example, iOS is
designed for iPhones and iPad tablets, while Mac desktops and
laptops use macOS. Your computer or smartphone comes equipped
with an OS, but you can install another one in some cases.

TYPES OF OPERATING SYSTEMS:

Real-time

A real-time operating system is a multitasking operating system that

aims at executing real-time applications. Real-time operating systems
often use specialized scheduling algorithms so that they can achieve a
deterministic nature of behavior. The main objective of real-time
operating systems is their quick and predictable response to events.
They have an event-driven or timesharing design and often aspects of
both. An event-driven system switches between tasks based on their
priorities or external events while time-sharing operating systems
switch tasks based on clock interrupts.

Multi-user

A multi-user operating system allows multiple users to access a

computer system concurrently. Time-sharing system can be classified
as multi-user systems as they enable a multiple user access to a
computer through the sharing of time. Single-user operating systems,
as opposed to a multi-user operating system, are usable by a single
user at a time. Being able to use multiple accounts on a Windows
operating system does not make it a multi-user system. Rather, only
the network administrator is the real user. But for a Unix-like
operating system, it is possible for two users to login at a time and
this capability of the OS makes it a multi-user operating system.

Multi-tasking vs. Single-tasking

When only a single program is allowed to run at a time, the system is

grouped under a single-tasking system. However, when the operating
system allows the execution of multiple tasks at one time, it is
classified as a multitasking operating system. Multi-tasking can be of
two types: pre-emptive or co- CBLM Computer System Servicing,NC II
Installing and Configuring Computer Systems Date Developed: March
2,2016 Date Revised: Document No. DHS CSS-001-16 Issued by:
Developed by: Page 29 of 96 Revision # 0 operative. In pre-emptive
multitasking, the operating system slices the CPU time and dedicates
one slot to each of the programs. Unix-like operating systems such as
Solaris and Linux support pre-emptive multitasking, as does Amiga
OS. Cooperative multitasking is achieved by relying on each process to
give time to the other processes in a defined manner. 16-bit versions
of Microsoft Windows used cooperative multi-tasking. 32-bit versions,
both Windows NT and Win9x, used pre-emptive multi-tasking. Mac
OS prior to OS X used to support cooperative multitasking.

Distributed

A distributed operating system manages a group of independent

computers and makes them appear to be a single computer. The
development of networked computers that could be linked and
communicate with each other gave rise to distributed computing.
Distributed computations are carried out on more than one machine.
When computers in a group work in cooperation, they make a
distributed system.

Embedded

Embedded operating systems are designed to be used in embedded

computer systems. They are designed to operate on small machines
like PDAs with less autonomy. They are able to operate with a limited
number of resources. They are very compact and extremely efficient by
design. Windows CE and Minix 3 are some examples of embedded
operating systems.

FIVE COMMON OPERATING SYSTEMS

Microsoft Windows
Microsoft Windows has existed in one form or another since 1985, and
it remains the most popular operating system for home and office
computers. Its latest versions, including Windows 10, are also used on
some tablets, and the OS is used on some web and number-crunching
server computers as well. Computers from a wide variety of
manufacturers can use Windows.
Initial versions of Windows worked with an earlier Microsoft operating
system called MS-DOS, providing a modern graphical interface on top
of DOS's traditional text-based commands. Signature features of
Microsoft Windows's user interface include windows themselves –
rectangle-shaped, on-panel screens that represent individual
applications. The Windows Start menu has helped generations of
users find programs and files on their devices.
Efforts to use versions of the Windows OS for smartphones have been
less successful.
Apple iOS
Apple's iOS is one of the most popular smartphone operating systems,
second only to Android. It runs on Apple hardware, including iPhones,
iPad tablets and iPod Touch media players.
Signature features of iOS include the App Store where users buy apps
and download free software, an emphasis on security including strong
encryption to limit what unauthorized users can extract from the
phone, and a simple, streamlined interface with minimal hardware
buttons.
Google's Android OS
Android is the most popular operating system in the world judging by
the number of devices installed. Largely developed by Google, it's
chiefly used on smartphones and tablets. Unlike iOS, it can be used
on devices made by a variety of different manufacturers, and those
makers can tweak parts of its interface to suit their own needs.
Users can download custom versions of the operating system because
large portions of it are open source, meaning anyone can legally
modify it and publish their own. However, most people prefer to stick
with the version that comes on their devices.
Android, like iOS, comes with an application and media store called
the Play Store built by Google. Some phone manufacturers and other
organizations also offer their own stores to install software and media.
Apple macOS
Apple's macOS, successor to the popular OS X operating system, runs
on Apple laptops and desktops. Based in part on the historic family of
Unix operating systems dating back to research in the 1960s at
AT&T's Bell Labs, macOS shares some features with other Unix-
related operating systems including Linux. While the graphical
interfaces are different, many of the underlying programming
interfaces and command line features are the same.
Signature elements of macOS include the dock used to find programs
and frequently used files, unique keyboard keys including the
Command key, and the stoplight-colored buttons used to resize open
program windows. MacOS is known for its user-friendly features,
which include Siri, a natural-voice personal assistant, and FaceTime,
Apple's video-calling application.
Linux Operating System
Unlike many other operating systems, development on Linux isn't led
by any one company. The operating system was created by Finnish
programmer Linus Torvalds in 1991. Nowadays, programmers from all
over the world collaborate on its open source code and submit tweaks
to the central kernel software and other programs.
A wide assortment of commercial and open source software is
available for Linux, and various Linux distributions provide custom
user interfaces and tools for installing software onto machines
running the operating system. A favorite of many programmers, Linux
is widely used on corporate and scientific servers, including cloud
computing environments. Linux can be run on a wide variety of
hardware and is available free of charge over the internet.

SELF-CHECK NO. 1.4

Direction: Identify the Precautions and Procedures write TRUE if the

statement is correct and FALSE if the statement is wrong.

________1) An operating system is a set of programs that manage

computer hardware resources and provide common services for
application software.
________2) Operating system is not a vital component of the system
software in a computer system. Application programs require an
operating system which are usually separate programs, but can be
combined in simple systems.

________3) Time-sharing operating systems schedule time for efficient

use of the system and may also include accounting for cost allocation
of processor time, mass storage, printing, and other resources.

________4) Operating systems define how a computer stores files,

switches between different applications, manages memory, keeps itself
secure, and interacts with peripherals like printers and cameras.

________5) Operating systems are found on almost any device that

contains a computer—from cellular phones and video game consoles
to supercomputers and web servers.

LESSON 1.5: COMPUTER ASSEMBLE AND DISASSEMBLE

One of the basic skills that you must acquire in computer hardware
servicing is to independently assemble and disassemble a personal
computer or simply setting up a PC. After familiarizing with all the
tools and safety precautions I believe that you are now ready to gain
another experience in CHS by going through this lesson.

Personal Computer Disassembly

Before starting computer disassembly, make sure you have the tools
you need and they're all close by and handy and be sure to have a
container to keep the screws in so you have them when you want to
put things back together.

Step 1. Unplugging - The first thing you do is to unplug every cable

that is plugged in to your computer. That includes the cables such as
Power, USB, Mouse, Keyboard, Internet, Ethernet, Modem, AM\FM
Antenna, Cable TV, etc. Just unplug all the cables for safety purposes.

Now that your computer is fully unplugged, move your PC to a

clean work space, preferably a carpet. The carpet is better than tile,
because screws and other small parts will roll around.

Step 2. Opening the Outer Shell/Case- First, unscrew the four

screws at the back of the computer. On most computer cases, there
will be large knobs that you can unscrew by hand or by screw driver
on the back-right side of the computer. The left side has small screws
because on that side you can't access much on the inside.
 Figure 33. Screw at the back of computer chasis

Once the screws are removed, you can remove the side panels.
On most computers, they just slide off. Start with the left side panel
(the side that once had the knobs), slide it towards the back of the
computer. Now you can remove the left panel. Just like the other side,
slide it towards the back of the computer.

Side
Panel

Figure 34. Removing the side panel

NOTICE:
If you are working on a carpet, about every five minutes touch
something that is grounded (Sink faucet / pipe, wire coming from the
ground part of a wall outlet). This is done so you do not shock your
motherboard or other parts.

Step 3. Removing the System Fan - First, unplug the fan from the
motherboard. You can find the plug by following the wire from the fan.
It should be labeled "SYS_FAN1". Next, you will have to unscrew the
fan from the outside. You should now be able to lift the fan out of the
PC.

System Fan

Figure 35. Removing the system fan

 Step 4. Removing the CPU Fan- The CPU fan is located right on top
of the CPU heat sink, which is a large piece of metal with fins on the
top. The CPU fan plugs into the motherboard in an awkward place,
that is hard to access. But just follow the wires and you should easily
find it. It is labeled "CPU FAN1". To remove the fan from the heat sink,
remove the four screws securing it in place.

CPU Fan

Figure 36. Removing the CPU fan

Step 5. Power Supply - The first thing to do is unplug every wire

coming from the power supply. You must disconnect the motherboard
(very large connector/plug), CD/DVD drive(s) power, internal hard
drive power and portable hard drive slot power.

Once everything is unplugged, unscrew the four screws holding

the power supply in place, on the back of the computer. Next, push
the power supply from the outside, and then lift it out.

Figure 37. Unscrew the power supply

Step 6. CD/ DVD Drive(s)- First, unplug the ribbon from the back of
the drive. Once that is completed, pull on the tab securing the drive in
place, then push it out from the inside.

CD / DVD
Drive
 Figure 38. Location of CD / DVD Drive

Step 7. Hard Drive - First, unplug the connector at the back of the
slot, and unplug the other end from the motherboard. Also unplug the
SATA cable from the motherboard and the hard drive. The portable
hard drive slot is secured the same way the CD/DVD drive is, with a
tab. Pull on the tab, then slide the slot out.

Figure 39. Unplugging the Hard Drive connector

To remove the hard drive from the side of the slot, unscrew the four
screws securing it in place. You must be very careful not to drop the
hard drive, since it is very delicate!

Figure 40. Removing the hard drive from the side of the slot
Step 8. Memory (RAM) - To remove the RAM, push down on both
tabs holding the RAM in place, which are located at both ends of the
RAM

Figure 41. Removing the Memory

Step 9. Motherboard - The motherboard has seven screws holding it

to the frame, which are indicated by large white circles around them.
Remove them and then lift the motherboard out of the frame.

Figure 42. Removing the Motherboard

Step by Step Computer Assembly

Step 1. Prepare your workplace

1. Take Inventory:

Before you start, take an inventory of your parts. Do not begin

assembling your computer if you don't have everything you need.
Begin the step-by-step process once you are ready with everything you
need.
 Figure 43. Take inventory of the Different Computer Parts

2. Make Space, Make Time:

Building a PC takes up space - about a dining room table

worth.  So, make sure you have plenty of working room and a few
hours to proceed with minimal interruption. Work on a flat, stable
table top surface, or bare floor, where you have room to layout all of
the items.

3. Prepare Grounding Protection:

Use an inexpensive antistatic wrist strap. It is the perfect

preventive measure if you have no alternative to working on carpet.
Remember, a table top or bare floor is always the best place to build
your system. Make sure you are wearing your antistatic wrist strap
correctly (it does you no good at all if you do not wear it!), and you are
ready to proceed. Look at Figure 42 for details.

Figure 44. Wearing the Anti- static Wrist Strap Correctly

4. Have the Drivers Ready:

Assuming you have another internet connected PC, download

the latest drivers from the vendors' websites for each component you
will be installing.  Sometimes drivers are updated between the time
the component was manufactured and the time you are installing it. 
It is always best to have the latest.  Copy them to a CD for easy
access.

Step 2. Prepare the Motherboard

1. Great care should be taken when installing the motherboard.

First, take the board out of its packaging and put it on top of
the antistatic bag it came in (see Figure 45). Remember, you
always want to safeguard your components from potentially
hazardous static
electricity (wear your
strap).
 Figure 45. Motherboard in an Antistatic Bag

2. Before you secure the motherboard onto the PC case/chassis,

inspect it carefully for any visible defects.
3. Next, review the motherboard manual, to make sure you are
familiar with the motherboard layout and understand which
socket is which. Manuals are extremely helpful, usually easy to
read, and include illustrations. Below you can find instructions
on how to install the processor, the heat sink and the memory
modules on the motherboard. You should not place the
motherboard in the computer case until you are told to do so.

Step 3. Install the CPU

1. Use the unlocking mechanism to open the CPU socket which is

usually a lever.
2. Carefully line up the pins and place the chip in its socket; it will
fit only when oriented the proper way. An arrow or a missing pin
on one corner of the chip will show you how to line things up.
3. Align Triangular CPU and socket key marks as shown in Figure
46.
4. Lower the lever to lock the CPU into place.
 Figure 46. Install CPU

Step 4. Install the CPU Heat Sink

1. Follow the manufacturer's directions to install the heat sink and

the fan that will cool the processor. If you bought an OEM CPU
and a separate heat sink, you may need to spread a thin layer of
the thermal grease that came with the heat sink over the chip to
ensure proper transfer of heat (some heat sinks come with this
grease already applied).

Figure 47. Install CPU Heat Sink

3. Attach the clip that holds the heat sink in place keeping in mind
that it may require a fair amount of force. Again, follow the
instructions that came with the heat sink. They will show you
how to fit it correctly.  If you are in doubt, you can visit the
manufacturer's website for more information.
4. Plug the CPU fan's power connector into the proper connector
on the motherboard.

Step 5. Install Memory (RAM Modules)

In order to install the memory modules, insert them into the

proper sockets (Figure 48) and push down firmly but evenly until the
clips on both sides of the socket pop into place. If your motherboard
supports dual-channel memory, consult the user manual to determine
which pairs of RAM sockets you should use. The motherboard and the
CPU are the brain and nerve center of your PC, so selecting these
components is the most important decision you'll make.
 Figure 48. Install RAM Memory

Step 6.  Place the motherboard into the case

1. Some PC cases have a removable motherboard tray. If yours does,

remove the screws holding it in place and pull it out of the case
(Figure 49).

Figure 49. Remove Motherboard Tray

2. Note the pattern of the holes in your motherboard (Figure 50), and
screw brass standoffs into the motherboard tray or into the PC case in
the correct locations (ALWAYS check the manual and follow their
instructions to the letter).
 Figure 50. Screw Brass Standoffs Into the Motherboard

3. Check the layout of the sockets on the motherboard, and confirm

that the ports on your motherboard's back panel match the holes on
the case's Input/Output (I/O) shield that is installed in your case. If
necessary, remove the old I/O shield by tapping it firmly a few times
with the butt-end of a screwdriver, and then replace it with the shield
that came with the new motherboard.

4. Carefully position the motherboard on top of the brass standoffs

(Figure 51), line up all the holes, and use the screws that
accompanied the case to fasten down the motherboard. If you are
using a removable tray in your system, slide the tray and motherboard
back into the case and then secure the tray.

Figure 51. Case’s I /O Shield

Figure 52. Mount the Motherboard

Step 7. Connect the Power Supply

Making the proper connections is crucial to successfully

assembling your PC system. Fortunately, manufacturers provide
color-coded power cables and unique connector shapes to make the
job easy.

1. First, plug the large ATX power connector (Figure 53) from your
power supply into the matching port on your motherboard. Look
Figure X for details
2. Locate the smaller, square processor power connector (Figure 54)
(you cannot miss it - it is the one sprouting the yellow and black
wires) and attach it to the motherboard. Note: your connector is
usually located near the processor. As always, refer to your
motherboard's manual for the exact locations.

3. Use your motherboard user manual and find the description about
front-panel connectors.

Figure 53. Large ATX Connector

Figure 54. Connect the ATX Power in the Motherboard

 Figure 55. Square Processor Power Connector

NOTE

You are going to be doing work that requires attention to detail and can
be quite frustrating if you do not go into it with the right attitude.

4. Attach each of the tiny leads from the power and reset switches
(Figure 56), the hard-disk activity lights, the PC speaker, and any
front-panel USB and FireWire ports to the corresponding pin on your
motherboard. The needle-nose pliers are useful for manipulating small
pieces.

Figure 56. Connect the different Leads

Step 8. Install Graphics / Video Cards

1. Begin by removing the backplane cover from the AGP or PCI

Express X16 slot (the metal piece where the monitor connector
will emerge) (Figure 57).

Figure 57. Remove the backplane cover

 2. Install the graphics board in that slot, and then secure the card
with a screw (Figure 58).

Figure 58. Install the Graphics Board

Step 9. Install Internal Drives

Now it is time to install your drives. This is an easy process, but it

requires attention to detail.

1. Make any necessary changes to jumpers on the drives before

mounting them in the case. A two-drive system (one or two
SATA (Serial ATA- is a standard hardware interface for
connecting hard drives and CD/DVD drives to a computer) hard
drives, plus one parallel ATA (Advanced Technology Attachment)
optical drive, for example) is easy to set up; the SATA drives are
jumper less, and the optical drive can be set as master on its
own parallel ATA channel. Many cases have removable drive
rails or cages to house drives.

2. Use the included screws to attach your drives to the rails or

cage, and slide them into the case. For externally accessible
drives such as a DVD recorder, you can save time by installing
one drive rail and sliding the drive in for a test fitting to make
sure that its front is flush with the case (Figure 59).

3. When the drives are installed, connect power and data cables to
each one. Parallel ATA drives use wide, flat data cables that can
be installed only in the correct way. Floppy drives use a similar
but smaller cable; SATA drives use a thin, 1cm-wide data cable.
SATA drives use a new type of power connector that many
power supplies don't come with. Fortunately, many
motherboards ship with.

adapters for converting a standard four-pin power connector to a

SATA power connector (Figure 59).
 Figure 59. Attach your devices

Figure 60.
Connect Power Connector

Step 10. Install the Add- in Cards

1. For each add-in card, you must choose a free PCI slot.
2. Remove its backplane cover to allow access from the rear of the
case.
3. Carefully position the card above the slot, and press down
firmly to seat the card (Figure 61).
4. Secure the card with a screw.
 Figure 61. Add- in Cards

Many motherboards have additional sound connectors or ports

housed on small add-in boards. Some of this plug into slots on the
motherboard; others screw into the back of the case in place of slot
covers. Usually the additional ports are not essential to your PC's
operation. For example, if you install a sound card, you do not need
connectors to the motherboard's built-in sound chip. Check your
motherboard manual to determine what each of these boards does.

Connecting Peripherals of a Personal Computer

When attaching hardware and peripherals of the computer,

ensure that they are connected to the correct locations or ports. For
example, some mouse and keyboard cables use the same type of PS/2
connector. So, you must know first the different ports that can be
found in the back panel of the computer.

Keep in mind:

1. When attaching cables, never force a connection.

2. Plug in the power cable after you have connected all other cables.

Steps in Connecting External Hardware of a PC

Step 1. Attach the monitor cable to the video port.

Step 2. Secure the cable by tightening the screws on the connector.

Figure 62. Attach the Monitor Cable

Step 3. Plug the keyboard cable into the PS/2 keyboard port.
 Figure 63. Plug the Keyboard Cable

Step 4. Plug the mouse cable into the PS/2 mouse port.

Figure 64. Plug the

Mouse Cable

Step 5. Plug the USB cable into a USB port.

Figure 65. Plug the USB Cable

Step 6. Plug the network cable into the network port.

Figure 66. Plug the Network Cable

Step 7. Plug the power cable into the power supply.

Figure 67. Plug the Power Cable

 After connecting all the cables into their proper places, the
picture in the next page should be the appearance of the back panel of
your PC.

Figure 68.
Appearance of
the PC’s Back Panel

Self Check 1.4

Direction: Rearrange the following procedures in their proper order.
Use numbers to indicate their order of precedence. Th e first number is done
for you.

A. Personal Computer B. Personal Computer Assembly

Disassembly

____1. Detaching the Hard Drive ___1. Connect the Power Supply

____2. Detaching the power ____2. Install Graphics / Video

supply Cards

____3. Opening the outer shell / ____3. Install Internal Drives

case

____4. Pull Out the Motherboard ____4. Install Memory (RAM

Modules)

____5. Removing the CD / DVD ____5. Install the Add- in Cards

Drives

____6. Removing the CPU fan ____6. Install the CPU

____7. Removing the system fan ____7. Install the CPU Heat Sink

____8. Place the motherboard into

the case

____9. Prepare the Motherboard

____10. Prepare your workplace

LEARNING ACTIVITY 1.4

Performance Objective: Given a working personal computer, the

student must be able to disassemble and assemble computer hardware.

Supplies/Materials and Equipments :

 Personal computer
 Personal Protective equipment
 Tools, Equipment and Testing Devices
Steps and Procedure:

A. PC Disassembly

B. Personal Computer Assembly

A. Connecting PC Peripherals

PERFORMANCE CRITERIA CHECKLIST 1.1-4

 CRITERIA YES NO

1. Did the trainee start the process successfully

2. Did the trainee followed the precautionary

measures to take before working with the computer
equipment

3. Did the trainee succeeded in disassembling

computer hardware

4. Was the trainee successful in assembling computer

hardware

5. Is the trainee connects other PC peripherals

LESSON 1.6: BIOS AND POST CONFIGURATION

BIOS (basic input/output system) - is the program a

personal computer's microprocessor uses to get
the computer system started after you turn it on. It also manages
data flow between the computer's operating system and attached
devices such as the hard disk, video adapter, keyboard, mouse and
printer.

Next to the CPU, the BIOS is the most important chip found on the
motherboard. A firmware device, the BIOS provides vital services at
boot up, hardware standards for your system and, through its
configuration utility, many ways to customize your system.

The System BIOS is the lowest-level software in the computer; it acts

as an interface between the hardware (especially the chipset and
processor) and the operating system. The BIOS provides access to the
system hardware and enables the creation of the higher-level
operating systems (DOS, Windows 95, etc.) that you use to run your
applications. The BIOS is also responsible for allowing you to control
your computer's hardware settings, for booting up the machine when
you turn on the power or hit the reset button, and various other
system functions.

One of the most important functions that the BIOS plays is to boot up
the system. When the PC is first turned on, its main system memory
is empty, and it needs to find instructions immediately to tell it what
to run to start up the PC. These it finds within the BIOS program,
because the BIOS is in read-only permanent memory and so is always
available for use, even when the rest of system memory is empty.

The BIOS (Basic Input Output System) chip performs a variety of

important tasks during system operation. On systems that use 32-bit
versions of Microsoft Windows (Windows 95 or newer), the BIOS has
relatively little to do with system operation after the boot process has
been completed. However, during the boot process, the BIOS is an
extremely critical component. Tasks that the BIOS chip performs
include

 Configuration and control of standard devices

 The power-on self test (POST)

 The location of an operating system, to which it turns over

control of the system by using the Bootstrap loader

The BIOS and Standard Devices

The BIOS is a complex piece of firmware ("software on a chip") that
provides support for the following devices and features of your system:

 Selection and configuration of storage devices, such as hard

drives, floppy drives, and CD-ROM drives

 Configuration of main and cache memory

 Configuration of built-in ports, such as IDE hard disk, floppy

disk, serial, parallel, PS/2 mouse, and USB

 Selection and configuration of special motherboard features,

such as memory error correction, antivirus protection, and fast
memory access

 Support for different CPU types, speeds, and special features

 Support for advanced operating systems, including networks,

Windows 9x, and Windows 2000 (Plug and Play)

 Power management

BIOS and Software Layer Model

Layer # Layer

0 Hardware

1 System BIOS
 2 Operating System

3 Application

BIOS Setup Program

Despite its many functions and the important role it plays in running
your PC, the system BIOS is most "famous" for the BIOS setup
program, the little built-in utility that lets you set the many functions
that control how your computer works. In fact, some people even call
this program "the BIOS" or "the CMOS" which of course is inaccurate
("CMOS" refers to the technology used to create the tiny memory
where the BIOS settings are stored).

The BIOS Program

A uniform standard was created between the makers of processors

and the makers of BIOS programs, so that the processor would always
look in the same place in memory to find the start of the BIOS
program. The processor gets its first instructions from this location,
and the BIOS program begins executing. The BIOS program then
begins the system boot sequence which calls other programs, gets
your operating system loaded, and your PC up and running.

The BIOS program is always located in a special reserved memory

area, the upper 64K of the first megabyte of system memory
(addresses F000h to FFFFh). Some BIOSes use more than this 64K
area.

System Boot Sequence

The system BIOS is what starts the computer running when you turn
it on. The following are the steps that a typical boot sequence involves.
Of course, this will vary by the manufacturer of your hardware, BIOS,
etc., and especially by what peripherals you have in the PC. Here is
what generally happens when you turn on your system power:

1. The internal power supply turns on and initializes. The power

supply takes some time until it can generate reliable power for
the rest of the computer, and having it turn on prematurely
could potentially lead to damage. Therefore, the chipset will
generate a reset signal to the processor (the same as if you held
the reset button down for a while on your case) until it receives
the Power Good signal from the power supply.
2. When the reset button is released, the processor will be ready to
start executing. When the processor first starts up, it is
suffering from amnesia; there is nothing at all in the memory to
 execute. Of course, processor makers know this will happen, so
they pre-program the processor to always look at the same place
in the system BIOS ROM for the start of the BIOS boot program.
This is normally location FFFF0h, right at the end of the system
memory. They put it there so that the size of the ROM can be
changed without creating compatibility problems. Since there
are only 16 bytes left from there to the end of conventional
memory, this location just contains a "jump" instruction telling
the processor where to go to find the real BIOS startup program.

3. The BIOS performs the power-on self-test (POST). If there are

any fatal errors, the boot process stops. POST beep codes can
be found in this area of the Troubleshooting Expert.

4. The BIOS looks for the video card. In particular, it looks for the
video cards built in BIOS program and runs it. This BIOS is
normally found at location C000h in memory. The system BIOS
executes the video card BIOS, which initializes the video card.
Most modern cards will display information on the screen about
the video card. (This is why on a modern PC you usually see
something on the screen about the video card before you see the
messages from the system BIOS itself).

5. The BIOS then looks for other devices' ROMs to see if any of
them have BIOSes. Normally, the IDE/ATA hard disk BIOS will
be found at C8000h and executed. If any other device BIOSes
are found, they are executed as well.

6. The BIOS displays its startup screen.

7. The BIOS does more tests on the system, including the memory
count-up test which you see on the screen. The BIOS will
generally display a text error message on the screen if it
encounters an error at this point; these error messages and
their explanations can be found in this part of the
Troubleshooting Expert.

8. The BIOS performs a "system inventory" of sorts, doing more

tests to determine what sort of hardware is in the system.
Modern BIOSes have many automatic settings and will
determine memory timing (for example) based on what kind of
memory it finds. Many BIOSes can also dynamically set hard
drive parameters and access modes, and will determine these at
roughly this time. Some will display a message on the screen for
each drive they detect and configure this way. The BIOS will
also now search for and label logical devices (COM and LPT
ports).

9. If the BIOS supports the Plug and Play standard, it will detect
and configure Plug and Play devices at this time and display a
 message on the screen for each one it finds. See here for more
details on how PnP detects devices and assigns resources.

10. The BIOS will display a summary screen about your

system's configuration. Checking this page of data can be
helpful in diagnosing setup problems, although it can be hard to
see because sometimes it flashes on the screen very quickly
before scrolling off the top.

11. The BIOS begins the search for a drive to boot from. Most
modern BIOSes contain a setting that controls if the system
should first try to boot from the floppy disk (A:) or first try the
hard disk (C:). Some BIOSes will even let you boot from your
CD-ROM drive or other devices, depending on the boot sequence
BIOS setting.

12. Having identified its target boot drive, the BIOS looks for
boot information to start the operating system boot process. If it
is searching a hard disk, it looks for a master boot record at
cylinder 0, head 0, sector 1 (the first sector on the disk); if it is
searching a floppy disk, it looks at the same address on the
floppy disk for a volume boot sector.

13. If it finds what it is looking for, the BIOS starts the

process of booting the operating system, using the information
in the boot sector. At this point, the code in the boot sector
takes over from the BIOS. The DOS boot process is described in
detail here. If the first device that the system tries (floppy, hard
disk, etc.) is not found, the BIOS will then try the next device in
the boot sequence, and continue until it finds a bootable device.

14. If no boot device at all can be found, the system will

normally display an error message and then freeze up the
system. What the error message is depends entirely on the
BIOS, and can be anything from the rather clear "No boot device
available" to the very cryptic "NO ROM BASIC - SYSTEM
HALTED". This will also happen if you have a bootable hard disk
partition but forget to set it active.

This process is called a "cold boot" (since the machine was off, or cold,
when it started). A "warm boot" is the same thing except it occurs
when the machine is rebooted using {Ctrl}+{Alt}+{Delete} or similar. In
this case the POST is skipped and the boot process continues roughly
at step 8 above.

BIOS Power-On Self Test (POST)

The first thing that the BIOS does when it boots the PC is to perform
what is called the Power-On Self-Test, or POST for short. The POST is
a built-in diagnostic program that checks your hardware to ensure
that everything is present and functioning properly, before the BIOS
begins the actual boot. It later continues with additional tests (such as
the memory test that you see printed on the screen) as the boot
process is proceeding.

The POST runs very quickly, and you will normally not even be
noticed that it is happening--unless it finds a problem (amazing how
many things are like that, isn't it?) You may have encountered a PC
that, when turned on, made beeping sounds and then stopped
without booting up. That is the POST telling you something is wrong
with the machine. The speaker is used because this test happens so
early on, that the video isn't even activated yet! These beep patterns
can be used to diagnose many hardware problems with your PC. The
exact patterns depend on the maker of the BIOS; the most common
are Award and AMI BIOSes. This part of the Troubleshooting
Expert will help you figure out what the POST beep codes mean and
what to do about them, if you are having this problem.

Note: Some POST errors are considered "fatal" while others are

not. A fatal error means that it will halt the boot process
immediately (an example would be if no system memory at all is
found). In fact, most POST boot errors are fatal, since the POST is
testing vital system components.

Many people don't realize that the POST also uses extended
troubleshooting codes that you can use to get much more detail on
what problem a troublesome PC is having. You can purchase a special
debugging card that goes into an ISA slot and accepts the debugging
codes that the BIOS sends to a special I/O address, usually 80h. The
card displays these codes and this lets you see where the POST stops,
if it finds a problem. These cards are obviously only for the serious PC
repairperson or someone who does a lot of work on systems.

BIOS Startup Screen

When the system BIOS starts up, you will see its familiar screen
display, normally after the video adapter displays its information.
These are the contents of a typical BIOS start up screen:

 The BIOS Manufacturer and Version Number.

 The BIOS Date: The date of the BIOS can be important in
helping you determine its capabilities, since the "magic dates" of
some features are fairly well known.

 Setup Program Key: The key or keys to press to enter the BIOS

setup program. (This is usually {Del}, sometimes {F2}, and
sometimes another key combination.
  System Logo: The logo of the BIOS company, or in some cases
the PC maker or motherboard manufacturer.

 The "Energy Star" Logo: This distinctive logo is displayed if the

BIOS supports the Energy Star standard, which almost all
newer ones do.

 The BIOS Serial Number: This is normally located at the

bottom of the screen. Since BIOSes are highly customized to the
particular motherboard, this serial number can be used in
many cases to determine the specific motherboard and BIOS
version you are using. Check out Wim Bervoets' BIOS site for a
huge list of these numbers.

System Configuration Summary

Just before the BIOS begin booting the operating system from disk, it
will display an ASCII-graphics box on the screen containing summary
information about your system's configuration. What is in this box
depends on your BIOS and system, of course, but typically you will
find the following:

 Processor (CPU) Type: This is usually the general family of

processor, like "Pentium" or "Pentium Pro" etc. Newer BIOSes
will recognize the Intel-compatibles directly; older ones may
display "Pentium" when the chip really isn't one. You may see
this displayed as "Pentium-S" on a system with Award BIOS;
this just means that the processor incorporates SMM, enhanced
power management features that were introduced in the 486SL
and incorporated into almost all current processor.
 Coprocessor: This used to be used to indicate if the machine
had a separate coprocessor or floating point unit (FPU) in it.
Modern processors have this built-in so this will almost always
say "Installed" or "Integrated".

 Clock Speed: The speed of the processor in MHz. Some BIOSes

put the speed of the processor together with the processor type
display (the first line).

 Floppy Drive A: The size and capacity of the first detected

floppy disk, A:

 Floppy Drive B: The size and capacity of the second detected

floppy disk, B:

 IDE/ATA Drives: Most BIOSes will show an entry for each of

the four devices on an IDE system: the primary slave and
master, and the secondary slave and master. Older machines
only support two IDE drives and will often just call these "Drive
C" and "Drive D", which is misleading (since each drive can
actually contain more than one drive letter). For each drive
 installed in the system, the screen will show its size and what
sort of modes it is using for access (PIO modes, whether or not it
is using LBA, etc.). Some BIOSes will also display the drive's
manufacturer. Most modern BIOSes will also detect and show
IDE (ATAPI) CD-ROMs.

 Base Memory Size: This will (almost?) always be 640K. This is

also called conventional memory.

 Extended Memory Size: How much extended memory your

system has. If you add this to the base memory you will usually
find that 128K, 256K or 384K of memory is "missing" from the
number that it should be (see the "powers of 2" table for usual
byte totals for 16MB, 32MB etc.) The BIOS usually will not
report the upper memory area that is reserved for the BIOS
ROM and other hardware adapters.

 Cache Size: The amount of cache memory in the system.

 Memory Type and Configuration: Most newer systems will

display how many banks of memory have been found, and what
memory technology is in use; for example, you may see "EDO
DRAM at Bank 1" or "FP: 0" (FPM DRAM) or something similar.

 Display Type: This will normally say "VGA/EGA". It doesn't

really tell you anything at all about the video adapter since this
describes generically every video adapter produced for the last
ten or so years (why do they even bother?)

 Serial Port(s): The I/O port addresses of your serial or COM

ports. Normally there are two, with addresses 3F8h and 2F8h,
but there can be three or four as well.

 Parallel Port(s): The I/O port addresses of your parallel or LPT

ports. Normally there is one, with the address 378h, but you
may see 278h or 3BCh here.

 Plug and Play Devices: Some BIOSes will report the

descriptions of any Plug and Play expansion cards they identify
during the boot process.

Step-by-step how to set the computer, boot sequence to boot

from installation media.

BIOS ROM (Basic Input Output System) has a built in Setup program
that allows users to modify the basic system configuration. The Setup
program store the computer information in CMOS RAM that is
powered by a little battery that is located on the computer
motherboard so that it will retain the computer information even if the
computer is turned off.

To make computer to start or to boot from the CD-ROM, we need to

configure the Bios Setup or CMOS Setup program and set the first
boot sequence to CD-ROM drive.

How to enter the BIOS / CMOS Setup Program Utility.

1. When the computer power on, black screen appears on you monitor,
wait until the message appears briefly at the bottom of the screen.

Press F2 to enter SETUP, F12 for Network Boot, ESC for Boot Menu

Example of the message at the bottom of the computer boot up

screen:

2. From the boot up screen message above, we know that the key need
to press to enter the BIOS setup is [F2] key. Now press [F2] key to
enter the setup program. This key may be vary from one machine to
other machine, because this is key base on the manufacture of the
BIOS Setup program.

Note: Other key that commonly used to enter the CMOS setup (BIOS
setup)

Delete key.
Esc key.
F1 key.
F2 key.
F3 and F2 key.
F10 key.
Ctrl + Alt + Esc key.
Ctrl + Alt + S key.

How to change the boot sequence.

3. Press [F2] key until you see the BIOS Setup Utility screen, then go
to the Boot Option tab then change the Boot sequence to CD-ROM
drive as the first boot device.
NOTE: Use the < + > key to move the CD-ROM Drive up. Make sure
that you read help menu on or blow the window screen

Item Specific Help

Key used to view or configure devices:
< Enter > expends or collapses devices with a + or -
< Ctrl + Enter > expands all
< Shift + 1 > enables or disables a device.
< + > and < - > moves the device up or down.
< n > May move removable device between Hard Disk or Removable
Disk
< d > Remove a device that is not installed.

4. Save the configurations changes and exit the BIOS Setup / CMOS
Setup Utility by pressing the [F10] and then hit [ENTER] key to 'Save
configuration changes and exit now?'.

Item Specific Help

Exit System Setup and save your changes to CMOS.

NOTE: Press [ F10 ] key to Save all the CMOS changes and Exit the
BIOS / CMOS Setup Utility.

Keyword: set computer boot sequence, change boot sequence, boot cd,
boot from cdrom, boot sequence, boot from installation media, boot
from cd, boot from cd rom, set boot sequence, bios setting, cmos
setting, change cmos setting, change bios setting, computer boot
sequence, boot installation media, boot CD-Rom.
CMOS Some RAM chips, flash memory chips, and other types of
memory chips use complementary metal-oxide semiconductor
(CMOS) technology because it provides high speeds and consumes
little power. CMOS technology uses battery power to retain
information even when the power to the computer is off.
Batterybacked CMOS memory chips, for example, can keep the
calendar, date, and time current even when the computer is off. The
flash memory chips that store a computer's startup information
often use CMOS technology.
Self Check 1.1-5
Instruction: Arrange the steps in entering BIOS Set-up
Configuration. Based on Column A that is rumbled and arrange
it on Column B.

Column A Column B
From the boot up screen message,
press [F2] key to enter the setup
program.

Press [ F10 ] key to Save all the

CMOS changes and Exit the BIOS /
CMOS Setup Utility.

Save the configurations changes and

exit the BIOS Setup / CMOS Setup
Utility by pressing the [F10] and then
hit [ENTER] key to 'Save
configuration changes and exit now?'.

Then go to the Boot Option tab then

change the Boot sequence to CD-
ROM drive as the first boot device.

When the computer power on, black

screen appear on you monitor, wait
until the message appears briefly at
the bottom of the screen.

ANSWER KEY 1.1

10 Occupation health and Safety (OHS) policies and procedures in CHS

1. Avoid direct contact with electricity

2. Secure/check and prepare the materials and workplace.

3. Apply ESD (Electro Static Discharge).

4. Apply 5’s (Sort – Set in Order – Shine – Standardized - Sustain)

5. Use anti-static protection.

6. Work on dry clean areas.

7. Keep food and drinks out of the work area.
8. Make sure that the power is off and the power plug has been
removed
9. When you shut down your computer, be sure to shut it down
properly.  Do not turn it off with the case switch
10. Cover sharp edges with tape when working inside the computer
case

ANSWER KEY
SELF CHECK 1.2 SELF CHECK 1.3

1. Monitor 1. Anti-static wrist strap

2. Video card 2. Screwdriver

3. Hard Disk 3. Flashlight

4. Mother Board 4. Lint-free cloth

5. Processor 5. Multi Tester

6. Memory/ RAM 6. Part Retriever

7. Keyboard 7. Compressed Air

8. Mouse 8. Loop Back Adapter

9. Printer 9. Anti-static Mat

10. Scanner 10. Tweezers

Answer Key 1.4

B. Personal Computer Disassembly C.Personal Computer
Assembly
1. 7 1. 7
2. 5 2. 8
3. 2 3. 9
4. 8 4. 5
5. 6 5. 10
6. 4 6. 3
7. 3 7. 4
8. 1 8. 6
9. 2

10. 1

Answer Key 1.5

Column A Column B
From the boot up screen message, When the computer power on,
press [F2] key to enter the setup black screen appear on you
program. monitor, wait until the
message appears briefly at the
bottom of the screen.
Press [ F10 ] key to Save all the From the boot up screen
CMOS changes and Exit the BIOS / message, press [F2] key to
CMOS Setup Utility. enter the setup program.

Save the configurations changes and Then go to the Boot Option tab

exit the BIOS Setup / CMOS Setup then change the Boot
Utility by pressing the [F10] and sequence to CD-ROM drive as
then hit [ENTER] key to 'Save the first boot device.
configuration changes and exit
now?'.

Then go to the Boot Option tab then Save the configurations

change the Boot sequence to CD- changes and exit the BIOS
ROM drive as the first boot device. Setup / CMOS Setup Utility by
pressing the [F10] and then hit
[ENTER] key to 'Save
configuration changes and exit
 now?'.

When the computer power on, black Press [ F10 ] key to Save all the
screen appear on you monitor, wait CMOS changes and Exit the
until the message appears briefly at BIOS / CMOS Setup Utility.
the bottom of the screen.

REFERENCES

(OJO Ed: Please style entries following the Chicago Manual of Style)

Agricultural Arts for Secondary. 2012

Agricultural Arts (T.H.E., SEDP, NSEC series) by Ramon G.
Asuncion et.al.
Asuncion, Jr. Ramon G. 1983. Elementary Agriculture: Saint Mary’s
publishing.
Asuncion, Jr. Ramon G. 1976. Introduction to Tropical Crop
Production: First Edition: Saint Mary’s publishing.
Asuncion, Jr. Ramon G. et.al. 1992. Technology and Home
Economics 2: Agricultural Arts: First Edition: Abiva
Publishing House, Inc. Quezon City.
Biggs, Tony. Growing Vegetables. p.6 – 7.
CBLM Horticulture. 2009.
Ferrer, Ederlinda V. 2012. TESDA CBLM in Agri - Crops
https://smallbusiness.chron.com/five-common-operating-systems-
28217.html