COLEGIO DE STA. ANA DE VICTORIAS, INC.

Osmeña Avenue, Victorias City, Negros Occidental, 6119

 COLEGIO DE STA. ANA DE VICTORIAS, INC.
Osmeña Avenue, Victorias City, Negros Occidental, 6119
 MODULE 1

LEARNING MODULE
BLENDED FLEXIBLE LEARNING
Transportation Management (TMPC 111)

AN OVERVIEW

INTRODUCTION

Think back to the last vacation you took. How did you get there? Did you drive a
car? Fly on a plane? Maybe you took a ride on a train. Regardless, you got there through
some kind of transportation.

Transportation is critical for the tourism industry. If there isn’t a way to get to the
destination, people are simply not going to walk or swim there! Even if there is a way to
get there, that doesn’t mean people will come. So, transportation has been really
helpful especially for long hauls such as transoceanic flights. Transportation has
unquestionably allowed us to connect to various international boundaries. But how did
the industry started and how does it work? You’ll find out why in the lessons on tourism
transportation introduction.

LEARNING OUTCOMES
At the end of this module, you should be able to:

1. Discuss the relationship of tourism and transportation.

2. Explain the effects of transportation on tourism development.
3. Explain what is transportation management.
4. Briefly describe the modes of transport.

LEARNING RESOURCES

Saycip, James. ( 2021). Transportation Management, Edric Publishing House,

Sta. Cruz, Manila, Philippines.

LEARNING INPUTS

LESSON 1 THREE CRITICAL ASPECTS THAT FRAME THE TRANSPORT/TOURISM RELATIONSHIP:

1. Tourists ultimately travel to and from a destination (or several destinations).

2. Understanding supply and demand characteristics in relation to tourism is critical in
the
planning and management of transport infrastructure.
3. The dynamic nature of transport can have significant impact on tourism in a
destination,
(disruptions can be political, natural or business).

LESSON 2 EFFECTS OF TRANSPORTATION TO TOURISM DEVELOPMENT

Transportation is vital to tourism. Studies have shown that tourists spend almost 30 to
40 percent of their total holiday expenditure on transportation and the remaining on
food, accommodation, and other activities.

 Transportation links tourists with various tourist attractions.

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  Transportation affects the mobility of tourists, in addition to influencing their
demand and
motivation to visit a certain tourist destination.
 Transport networks play a key role in development of new tourist destinations,
especially
in context of accessibility and connectivity: The ability of a destination to attract
tourists is largely dependent on the availability and efficiency of transport
needed to travel to that destination.
 Transportation is also important in terms of promoting the growth and
development of existing tourist destinations. On the other hand, transportation
leads to pollution, and this can affect both the wildlife and the natural habitat,
thereby driving tourism away.

LESSON 3 PRINCIPLES OF TRANSPORTATION MANAGEMENT AND OPERATIONS

There are two fundamental principles guiding transportation management and

operations.
They are economy of scale and economy of distance.

1. Economy of scale
It refers to the characteristic that transportation cost per unit of weight decreases when
the size of the shipment increases. It is common knowledge that larger the capacity of
the transport vehicle more goods can be transported at a time which will decrease the
cost per unit of transport. If smaller is the capacity of the transport vehicle then to
transport a large amount of goods, more trips will have to be made which will increase
the cost per unit of transport. E.g.: Rail or water transport is less expensive in case of
bulk transport than smaller capacity vehicles like motor or air.

2. Economy of distance
It refers to the characteristic that transportation cost per unit of distance decreases as
distance increases. Transportation economy of distance is also referred to as a tapering
principle since rates or charges taper (decrease) with distance. The rationale of
economies of distance is similar to that for economies of scale. Longer distances allow
the fixed expenses to be spread over more miles, resulting in lower overall per mile
charge.

LESSON 4 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF MASS TRANSPORTATION

Advantages of Mass Transportation

 Environmental Impacts
Mass transit is believed to be more environmentally friendly than other public
transport facilities. Private vehicles emit about twice as much carbon monoxide
and other volatile organic compounds than public vehicles. Mass transit reduces
the number of cars on the road which in turn reduces the pollution caused by
individual cars.

 Social Impacts of Mass Transit

All members of the society irrespective of their financial status, religion or cast
are able to travel which enhances the social integrity of the country. The
necessity of a driving license is also eliminated. It is a blessing for those
individuals who are unable to drive.

 Economic Impacts of Mass Transit

Mass transit development can both improve the usefulness and efficiency of the
public transit system as well as result in increased business for commercial
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 developments and thus serves to improve the economy of the country. Transit
systems also have an indirect positive effect on other businesses. Mass transit
systems offer considerable savings in labor, materials, and energy over private
transit systems. Also, mass transit allows a higher amount of load to be
transported to far away destinations in lesser time because of its reasonable
capacity than private vehicles. Because of their larger capacity offering them to
carry high efficient engines they also help in saving fuels.

 Reduces congestion
The main idea behind mass transit is to reduce the number of vehicles on the
road by providing a larger facility which carries higher number of passengers
thus eliminating congestion.

 Saves Time
Mass transit reduces the travel time to a great extent as it moves at high speeds
and stops only at specific spots.

 Cost Effective
Mass transit is comparably cheaper than other modes of public transport.

Disadvantages of Mass Transportation

The desirable features of mass transit systems are balanced by a number of

serious drawbacks. In the first place, such systems are economically feasible only in
areas that have relatively large populations. As the number of inhabitants per square
mile decreases, the efficiency of a mass transportation system also decreases.

Mass transit systems are also very expensive to build and to operate. This factor
becomes more important when cities decide to install mass transit systems long after
development has already taken place and disruption of existing structures is a serious
problem. Since mass transit systems seldom receive the government assistance
provided to highway construction, consumers often have to pay a higher fraction of the
costs of using mass transportation.

People complain about mass transportation systems also because they can be
crowded, uncomfortable, dirty, and unreliable. Again, with limited budgets, mass transit
systems are seldom able to maintain equipment and schedules to the extent that riders
can rightly demand.

Finally, mass transportation systems are simply not as convenient as the

automobile. A person can step into her or his car and drive virtually anywhere with a
minimum of inconvenience. No mass transportation system can approach this level of
ease.

LESSON 5 MODES OF TRANSPORT

The various mode of transport can be broadly divided into the following three
categories:
 Air transport
 Land transport
 Water transport

A. Air Transport
Air transport is the fastest method of transport. Due to the growth of air transport in
recent years, long-distance travel has become much simpler and affordable. Distance is
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now measured in hours and not in kilometers. The world has indeed shrunk and
becomes a small village.

The development of air transport mostly occurred after world War I and II.
Commercial airlines were created for travelers. Jumbo jets have revolutionized travel. A
large number of people travel by air because of the speed, comfort, and economy in
terms of time saved.

The modern era, thus, is the era of mass air travel. After road transport, air travel is
the most popular mode of travel, particularly for international travel. For the business
travelers, air transport is more convenient as it saves their precious time and offers a
luxurious and hassle
free travel.

B. Land Transport
Land transport covers all land-based transportation systems that provide for the
movement of people, goods and services. Land transport plays a vital role in linking
communities to each other. Land transport is a key factor in urban planning. It consists
of 2 kinds, rail and road.

 Road Transport
Until the seventeenth century, horses were used for traveling. Later on, better
roads were constructed and some of these roads developed into trade routes, which
linked many countries. One of them is the Silk Route which was used for transporting
silk from China to Persia and the Blue Gem road from Iran to Afghanistan and India.

Today, the most popular and widely used mode of road travel is the automobile
or the car. Road transport is dominated by the automobile, which provides views of the
landscape and the freedom to travel. Tourist often travels with their entire family for
holidays.

To promote tourism, the vehicle required are coaches and tourist cars. Tourist
coaches or buses are preferred for large tourist groups traveling together on a specified
tour itinerary. Many tourists prefer to travel in comfort and privacy and hire cars. Cars
of various makes and standards are available on a rental basis. The car rental segment of
the tourism industry is in a very advanced stage in foreign countries. The client can book
a car, himself or through agents, and make it wait at the desired place at the
destination. The client can then drive the car himself /herself on reaching the
destination.

 Rail Transport
The railway is the most economical, convenient, and popular mode of travel
especially for long distance travel all over the world. The railroad was invented in the
seventeenth century in Germany with wooden tracks. The first steel rail was developed
in the USA during the early 1800s. The railways revolutionized transportation and mass
movement of people seen in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

C. Water Transport
Humans have been traveling through water since time immemorial and carried good
and people from one place to another. The boats progressed from the simple raft with
some modifications and improvement and were first used around 6000 BC.

The cruise lines are the new attraction among the tourist. The cruises are booked
several months in advance for trips into the tropical and sub-tropical Waters of the
Hawaii, Caribbean, Mediterranean, et. Water transport today plays two main roles in
travel and tourism namely ferrying and cruising.
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 FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHILE CHOOSING THE MOST SUITABLE
LESSON 6
MODE OF TRANSPORT

1. Cost of Service:
The cost of transportation adds to the cost or the goods so it should always be kept in
mind. Rail transport is comparatively a cheaper mode or transport for carrying heavy
and bulky traffic over long distances. Motor transport is best suited and economical to
carry small traffic over chart distances. Water transport is the cheapest mode of
transport. It is suitable to carry only heavy and bulky goods over long distances where
time is not an important factor. Air transport is the costliest means of transport but is
particularly suited for carrying perishable, light and valuable goods which require quick
delivery.

2. Speed of Transport:
Air transport is the quickest mode of transport but it is costliest of all. Motor transport is
quicker than railways over short distances. However, the speed of railways over long
distances is more than that of other modes of transport except air transport and is most
suitable for long distances. Water transport is very slow and thus unsuitable where time
is an important factor.

3. Flexibility:
Railways, water and air transport are inflexible modes of transport. They operate
services on fixed routes and at preplanned time schedules. The goods have to be carried
to the stations, ports and airports and then taken from there. Motor transport provides
the most flexible service because it is not tied to fixed routes or time schedules.

4. Regularity of Service:
Railway service is more certain, uniform and regular as compared to any other mode of
transport. It is not much affected by weather conditions. On the other hand, motor
transport, ocean transport and air transport are affected by bad weather such as heavy
rains, snow, fog, storms etc.

5. Safety:
Safety and security of goods in transit also influence the choice of a suitable means of
transport. Motor transport may be preferred to railway transport because losses are
generally less in motor transport. Water transport exposes the goods to the perils of sea
and, hence from safety point of view, sea transport is thought of as a last resort.

6. Nature of Commodity:
Rail transport is most suitable for carrying cheap, bulk and heavy goods. Perishable
goods which require quick delivery may be carried through motor transport or air
transport keeping in mind the cost and distance.

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