26/08/2021

Filipino Concept of Self

Edman and Kameoka (as cited by Andres (1987))

EDUCATION
• Educated Filipino women: more individualistic
• Less educated Filipino women: more collectivistic

SOCIO-ECONOMIC STATUS
• Middle class Filipino women: more competitive
• Lower class Filipino women: collectivistic

Outline

The Eastern Concept of Self

 Buddhism
 Confucianism
 Taoism
 Hinduism
 Islam
 Christianity

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Eastern vs. Western thought

EASTERN WESTERN

Buddhism

Buddhism  There is no self =

anatta
 There is in humans no
permanent, underlying
substance that can be
called the soul.
 If you die, you die. But
whatever behaviors you
do will exist.

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What is karma? Buddhism

• Action driven  A way of life

by intention
To be more attuned with life.
(cetanā) which
To detach one’s self from things,
leads to future
consequences. emotions, material things
To let go, to not be anxious (ex.
• Reminds us to
“do no harm”. meditation)
 End product: NIRVANA

How attached are you to things? Fears and anxieties

1. What object can you not leave the My Am I ready
house without? greatest to let go of
2. What object would make you want
fear my fear?
to cry if it got lost?
3. Are you ready to lose either one of
your parents or your siblings?

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Nirvana Nirvana

 a place of perfect peace and

 Give yourself  Let go of
permission to feel anger; let
happiness, like heaven.
anger, pain, go of pride.
 In Hinduism and Buddhism, resentment. Relax, When you are
nirvana is the highest state that then let it go… with
someone can attain, a state of
bound by
love…
enlightenment, meaning a person's nothing, you
individual desires and suffering go go beyond
away. sorrow.

3 minute breathing space

CONFUCIANISM

LEARNING TO LET GO

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CONFUCIANISM CONFUCIANISM

 The self as the center of relationships.  A humanistic But how

 Emphasis is on family & social harmony
approach to
understanding self. can we be
 The self is achieved by living in harmony
with others.  Argues that we can truly
 The self as dynamic (spiritual). be truly human /
humane. human?
 Human beings are fundamentally good, and
teachable, improvable, and perfectible
through personal and communal endeavor,
especially self-cultivation and self-creation.

Confucianism

To be truly human, TAOISM

one
must
be
compassionate.

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TAOISM TAOISM

❑ Chinese philosophy (& religion) attributed  There is no ultimate knowledge of the

to Lao Tzu self.
❑ Emphasizes doing what is natural and
 The self is a process (of knowing).
"going with the flow" in accordance with the
 When you are ready, you will learn (chi)
Tao (or Dao)
 Highlights the natural course of things (tai
❑tao = a cosmic force which flows through all
things and binds and releases them. chi)

Kung Fu Panda

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Taoism A Success Story

 Mark Gil Cato

 Yin/Yang
 https://news.abs-
 Balance between cbn.com/trending/07/03
darkness & light / /16/a-tale-of-2-up-
good & bad students-pursuing-
education-amid-poverty

A Success Story A Success Story

 Cato, the eldest in a brood of five boys and two girls, was accepted in  His brothers and sisters would often chip in from their meager school
the University of the Philippines in 2010. It was a "momentous allowance so Cato could buy the required readings, pay rent, and print
moment" for the family since that was the first time a member of their his papers.
clan entered a prestigious university.  Cato frequented computer shops since his family cannot afford to buy a
 He took up History, joined a few organizations, and was given a laptop for him. He finally bought one during his last year in college but
scholarship to help sustain his tuition fees. it eventually broke down. He would sometimes walk from UP to their
 According to Cato, "everything seemed to be falling into place" until his house despite the rain and an empty stomach. He even tried borrowing
father's income could no longer sustain their needs. Coming from a big money from the security guard. "It dawned on me that college is
family, this proved to be difficult. extremely hard if you don't have the resources," he wrote.
 In a Facebook post, Cato recalled subsisting on sardines, noodles, and  "I envied my classmates who are privileged to be born sa mga may
even soy sauce. Sometimes, he would just go to sleep without eating kayang magulang. I saw my parents skip food just for us to eat. Laging
anything for the day. problema sa pera ang ugat ng away sa bahay. I felt how tired they were
thinking of ways to stretch the limited income and looking for people
whom they can borrow money from," he added

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A Success Story

 But despite the difficulty, Cato did not give up. He took a part-time job
as a call center agent when he was 18. Juggling school and work was
not easy for Cato who get to sleep for only two to three hours.
 His work cost him his scholarship, so he decided to stop. However, in
the following semester, Cato was not allowed to enroll because of an IKAW, ANONG
outstanding student loan. With no choice left, he decided to work again
to help his family while also saving so he could go back to school. He
SUCCESS STORY NG
did. He even managed to get a scholarship again. He continued his
studies and applied for another job while finishing his remaining units.
BUHAY MO?
 Although it was "hard being a breadwinner and a working student," he
did not give up.
 "My student life was so tough, but thank God finally, I am now a
graduate of UP!" he said.

Taoism
 There are nonsense things. You don’t HINDUISM
need to explain it.
 “Nonsense” = things you cannot
understand

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HINDUISM

 There is a soul  Reincarnation

 when the soul, which is seen
as eternal and part of a
 The self is reincarnated spiritual realm, returns to
the physical realm in a new
body.
 Brahman: universe
(everything)
 A soul will complete this
cycle many times, learning
 Atman: Sanskrit word new things each time and
which means inner self or working through its karma.
soul
 Samsara – the cycle
of reincarnation

Hinduism HINDUISM

1. The goal of life is to  Illness is due to the

attain salvation chakras (“wheel”;
rotating & spinning)
(moksha)
 A healthy, balanced
2. There is only one person has all 7 chakras
God, but in many that provide exactly the
forms. right amount of energy
to every part of the
3. Time is circular, body, mind and spirit.
rather than linear.
4. Wealth is not a sin.  Meditation exercise

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HINDUISM

Yoga Mantra
 experiencing life through the body
(spiritual & physical)
 different movements is a prayer.
 uses breathing techniques, exercise and
meditation to improve health and
happiness

Personal mantra “Om”

 a positive phrase or affirmative statement  the first sound heard at the creation of the
that you say to yourself for universe.
the purpose of motivation or  When each syllable is pronounced fully, you
encouragement. should feel the energy of the sound lifting from
your pelvic floor all the way up through the crown
 This could be your favorite quote, proverb, of your head.
spiritual truth or religious saying that  The droning sound of the Om is said to unblock
motivates and inspires you to be your best the throat chakra, which can lead to more attuned
self communication with others.

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Mantras for positive energy

Create your own mantra!

DECIDE ON THE BEST STATEMENT

THAT YOU CAN TELL YOURSELF
WHEN STRESSED.

IT IS THE “BEST” BECAUSE IT

WORKS!

Mandala What are mandalas?

 Reflection of the soul / an echo of the

soul
 An aid to concentration, meditation, and relaxation
 Provides stress relief and spiritual self-expression
 An invitation to look inside yourself & allow
shapes, patterns & colors to represent
anything from your current state of mind to
your most deeply-desired wish for yourself, a
loved one, or for humanity –Thaneeya McArdle

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Mandalas and the one-word response

ISLAM

ISLAM

 The self as a way of life.

 Complete submission to the will of
God.
 Pray 5 times a day
 Serve god, promote peace (even to the “Alaikomisal
nonfaithful)
am”

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ISLAM
 There are more similarities than differences Christianity
between Christianity & Islam

 There is no God except Allah (not referred to as

him / man.

 Men can marry/have several wives, provided he

will be just to all.
 For men to be just & save his soul, he must marry 1 (Q’oran
/ Koran)

Christianity

 The self is achieved only by following Jesus’

teachings.
 Jesus Christ was the Son of God – fully human and
fully divine – and that through believing in him and
following his teachings they can inherit eternal life.
 There are three basic streams of Christianity:
Orthodox, Protestant and Roman Catholic.

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