PERPETUAL SUCCOUR ACADEMY, INC.

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Teacher-made Learner’s Home Task

PRE-CALCULUS
Quarter 1 Week 1

I. MELC 1. Define a circle.

2. Graph a circle given an equation in center-radius form
II. Objective/s Knowledge: Define a circle.
Skills: Graph a circle given an equation in center-radius form
Values/Attitude:
III. Subject Matter
Definition and Graphing of a Circle
References
IV. Procedure The definition of a circle is as simple as the shape. A circle is the set of all points that
are at a certain distance from a center point. This definition is what gives us the
concept of the radius of a circle, which is equal to that certain distance.
Now, let us understand the key takeaways prior to our discussion on a circle.
Key Points
 A circle is defined as the set of points that are a fixed distance from a center
point.
 The distance formula can be extended directly to the definition of a circle by
noting that the radius is the distance between the center of a circle and the edge.
 The general equation for a circle, centered at (a, b) with radius r, is the set of all
point (x, y) such that (x – y)2 + (y – b)2 = r2
 Pi (π) is the ratio of a circle’s circumference to the diameter.
Key Terms
 diameter: Two times the radius of a circle.
 area: The interior surface of a circle, given by A = πr2
 circle: A two-dimensional geometric figure, consisting of the set of all those
points in a plane that are equally distant from another point.
 radius: A line segment between any point on the circumference of a circle and its
center.
Since we know a circle is the set of points a fixed distance from a center point, let us look
at how we can construct a circle in a Cartesian coordinate plane with variables x and y.
To find a formula for this, suppose that the center is the point (a, b). According to the
distance formula, the distance c from the point (a, b) to any other point (x, y) is:

if we now square this equation on both sides, we have:

Remember that the distance between the center (a, b) and any point (x, y) on the circle is
that fixed distance, which is called the radius, r. So, let us change this equation so that it
uses r instead of c.
r2 = (x – a)2 + (y – b)2

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This is the general formula for a circle with center (a, b) with radius r. Notice that all we
have done is slightly rearrange the distance formula
equation.

Graph of a circle: The circle with center (a, b) is

graphed in the Cartesian plane.

Parts of a Circle

Now that we have an algebraic foundation for the circle, let us connect it to what we
already know about some different parts of the circle.

Diameter
The diameter is any straight line that passes through the center of the circle. It is equal
to twice the radius, so:
d = 2r
Circumference
The circumference is the length of the path around the circle. Algebraically it is given by:

c = 2πr

Area
The area of a circle is given by: A = πr2

Notice that the radius is the only defining parameter for the size of any circle, and so it is
the only variable that the area depends on. Notice that the radius is the only defining
parameter for the size of any circle, and so it is the only variable that the area depends
on.

Circles are all around you in everyday life, from tires on cars to buttons on coats, as well
as on the tops of bowls, glasses, and water bottles. Ellipses are less common. One
example is the orbits of planets, but you should be able to find the area of a circle or an
ellipse, or the circumference of a circle, based on information given to you in a problem.
Circles and ellipses are examples of conic sections, which are curves formed by the
intersection of a plane with a cone.

Let us apply what we have learned about circles.

Problem # 1:
Let us say you are a gardener, and you have just planted a lot of flowers that you want to
water. The flower bed is 15 feet wide, and 15 feet long. You are using a circular sprinkler
system, and the water reaches 6 feet out from the center. The sprinkler is located, from
the bottom left corner of the bed, 7 feet up, and 6 feet over.

 If the flower bed were a graph with the bottom left corner being the origin, what
would the equation of the circle be?
 What is the area being watered by the sprinkler?
 What percentage of the garden that is being watered?

Answer

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If the bottom left corner is the origin, it has coordinates (0, 0). From there the sprinkler
is 6 feet over, so the x-coordinate of the center is 6. The sprinkler is 7 feet up, so the y-
coordinate of the center is 7. Ergo, the center of the circle is at coordinate (6, 7). The
water reaches 6 feet out from the sprinkler, so the circle radius is 6 feet. Therefore, the
equation of this circle is:

(x – 6)2 + (y – 7)2 =36

The area that is watered by the sprinkler can be labeled Asprinkler, and is:

Asprinkler = π·r2
= π·62
= 36π
The first step to finding the percentage of the garden that is being watered is to check
that none of the water is falling outside the garden. The sprinkler is at coordinate (6, 7),
and the radius of the sprinkler is 6 feet. You can test that the water does not fall outside
the 15 × 15 garden.
Once we know that the area that is watered is completely inside the garden, the
percentage of the garden that is watered can be found by dividing the area watered by
the total area of the garden, and then multiplying by 100 %:

Problem # 2
Now, let’s take it the other way. (x − 4)2 + (y + 8)2 = 49 is the equation for a circle.
 What are the coordinates of the center of the circle?
 What is the radius?
 Draw the circle.
 Find two points on the circle and plug them into the equation to make sure your
drawing is correct.
Answer
The center of the circle can be found by comparing the equation in this exercise to the
equation of a circle:
(x - h)2 + (y – k)2 = r2
The center of the circle is at coordinate (h, k), and so the center of the circle in this
exercise is at (4, −8).
The radius of the circle is r. From the equation of a circle, r 2 = 49. Therefore:

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 Problem 2 circle: Graph of the circle (x – 4)2 + (y + 8) = 49
There are many points you could choose. For example, the point (4, −1) is at the top of
the circle. Plugging this into the equation, we get:

The left side is equal to the right side of the equation, and so this is a valid point on the
circle.
The leftmost point on the circle is (−3, -8). Plugging this into the equation:

The left side is equal to the right side of the equation, and so this is a valid point on the
circle.
Problem # 3

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Notice that each term is a perfect square, which gives:
(x + 2)2 + (y + 6)2
This is now in the standard form for the equation of a circle.
The center of the circle is at the coordinate, (h, k), and so the center of the circle in this
problem is at (-2, -6).
The radius of the circle is r. From the equation of the circle, r = 10. Therefore,
r2 = 10
r = √ 10
It is fine to leave the value of r in this form

Problem # 3 circle: Graph of the circle

2x2 + 2y2 + 8x + 24y + 60 = 0
There are many points you could choose.
For example, (−5, −5) and (−3, −9):

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 Both are valid points on the circle.

Application/ Let us have another Practice Test to hone our mind on the topic.
Assessment
Problem # 1:
The circle has a diameter of 14 inches. What is the
circumference?
Use 22/7 as an approximation of pi (π).
A. 44 inches . B. 50 inches
C. 88 inches D. 154 inches

The circle has radius 21 centimeters. What is the

Problem # 2:
circumference?
Use 22/7 as an approximation of pi (π).
A. 66 cm B. 132 cm
C. 198 cm D. 346.5 cm

Problem # 3
The circle has a diameter of 14 inches. What is the area?
Use 22/7 as an approximation of pi (π).
A. 44 inches2 B. 154 inches2
2
C. 484 inches D. 516 inches2

Problem # 4
The circle has 21 centimeters radius. What is the area?
Use 22/7 as an approximation of pi (π).
A. 132 cm2 B. 346.5 cm2
C. 1,386 cm2 D. 5,544 cm2

Problem # 5
A circular pond has a radius of 10 feet. What is the circumference of the pond?
Use 3.14 as an approximation for π.
A. 314 feet B. 157 feet C. 62.8 feet
D. 31.4 feet
Problem # 6
A circular table has diameter 1.4 m. What is the area of the top of the table?

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Use (22/7) as an approximation for π.
A. 15.4 m2 B. 6.16 m2 C. 4.4 m2
D. 1.54 m2
Problem # 7
A circular garden has a radius of 21 m
The owner wants to put a plastic edge around the garden, so wants to know what is the
circumference of the garden?
Use (22/7) as an approximation for π.
A. 66 m B. 132 m C. 346.5 m
D. 1,386 m
Problem # 8
The diagram shows a semicircular carpet with diameter 7 ft.
What is the area of the carpet?
Use (22/7) as an approximation for π
A. 19.25 ft2 B. 38.5 ft2
2
C. 77 ft D. 154 ft2

Problem # 9
The diagram shows two circles with center O.
The radius of the outer circle is 3 units and the radius
of the inner circle is 2 units.
What is the area of the shaded ring (annulus)?
A. 4π B. 5π
C. 9π D. 13π

Problem # 10

The diagram shows a logo design consisting of two circles

joined.
The top circle has radius 3 units and center O.
The bottom circle has radius 5 units and center P.

What is the area of the logo?

A. 9π B. 16π
C. 25π D. 34π

Prepared by:

Ken Virgin L. Ferrolino

Subject Teacher

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