This Mini Project on

PIR DETECTION AND CONTACT TRACING FOR COVID-

19 BY USING ARDUINO UNO
Submitted to

CHADALAWADA RAMANAMMA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
BY
G. KAVYA SREE - 18P11A0429
C.NARESH -19P15A0404
E. TIRUPATHI GOUD -18P11A0422
G.V.S. SUPRIYA -18P11A0425
Under the Esteemed Guidance of

Mrs. M. HEMA LATHA M. Tech, Ph.D.

Associate Professor

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CHADALAWADA RAMANAMMA ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(AUTONOMOUS)
(Accredited by NAAC with ‘A’ Grade, Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, Affiliated to JNTU Anantapur)

Renigunta road, Tirupati-517506, Andhra Pradesh, India

2017-2022

1
 CHADALAWADA RAMANAMMA ENGINEERING COLLEGE
(AUTONOMOUS)

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

Certificate
This is to certify that the project work entitled “PIR DETECTION AND CONTACT
TRACING FOR COVID-19 BY USING ARDUINO UNO” is a bonafide work done by G.
KAVYA SREE (18P11A0429), C. NARESH (19P15A0404), E. TIRUPATHI GOUD
(18P11A0422), G.V.S. SUPRIYA (18P11A0425) in the Department of “ELECTRONICS &
COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING”, and submitted to Chadalawada Ramanamma
Engineering College (Autonomous), Tirupati is a project work carried out by them under my
guidance during the academic year 2020-2021.

GUIDE HEAD

Mrs. M. HEMA LATHA M. Tech, Ph. D Dr. P. KRISHNA MURTHY M. Tech, Ph. D
Associate professor Associate professor &Head
Department of ECE

INTERNAL EXAMINER EXTERNAL EXAMINER

2
 DECLARATION

We are hereby declare that the project work on “PIR DETECTION AND
CONTACT TRACING FOR COVID-19 BY USING ARDUINO UNO” done by us under
the guidance of Mrs.M.HEMA LATHA, M.Tech, Ph.D in CHADALAWADA RAMANAMMA
ENGINEERING COLLEGE (Autonomous) is submitted in partial fulfillment of the
requirements of the requirements of the award of Degree of Bachelor of Technology.
We declare that this written submission represents our ideas in our own words and where
others' ideas or words have been included, we have adequately cited and referenced the original
sources. We also declare that, we have adhered to all principles of academic honesty and
integrity and have not misrepresented or fabricated or falsified any idea / data/ fact / source in
our project report submission.

Signature of the Students

G. KAVYASREE -18P11A0429
C.NARESH -19P15A0404
E.TIRUPATHI GOUD -18P11A0422
G.V.S.SUPRIYA -18P11A0425

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 ACKNOWLEGEMENT

A grateful thanks to Dr. CHADALAWADA KRISHNAMURTHY, Chairman, C.V.S. Krishna

Murthy Teja Charities for providing education in this esteemed Institution.
We express our gratitude to our principal Dr. P. SANJEEVA RAYUDU, M.Tech, Ph.D.

Principal, Chadalawada Ramanamma Engineering College, Tirupati, for providing all the
facilities and supporting us to complete this project work.

Our sincere thanks to Dr. P. KRISHNA MURTHY, M. Tech, Ph.D. Associate Professor and
Head of the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, Chadalawada
Ramanamma Engineering College, Tirupati, for providing infrastructural facilities to complete
our project work.

We are greatly indebted to our guide, Dr. P. KRISHNA MURTHY, M.Tech, Ph.D. Associate
Professor and Head of the Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering,
Chadalawada Ramanamma Engineering College, Tirupati, who encourages us in all spheres of
activities, constant encouragement and keen interest enriched to complete this work.

We extend our thanks to all the Teaching staff of the Department of E.C.E. for their
support, encouragement and inspired us. We also thank the Non-Teaching staff of the
Department of E.C.E. for being helpful in many ways in successful completion of our work.

The chain of our gratitude would be definitely incomplete, if we forget to thank all my
friends of Chadalawada Ramanamma Engineering College, Tirupati for their constant support
and encouragement. Finally, we thank all those who helped us directly or indirectly in successful
completion of our project work.

G.KAVYASREE -18P11A0429
C.NARESH -19P15A0404
E.TIRUPATHI GOUD -18P11A0422
G.V.S.SUPRIYA -18P11A0425

4
 ABSTRACT

Passive Infra-Red (PIR) sensors are used in many applications including security. PIRs detect
the presence of humans and animals from the radiation of their body heat. This could be used to
trigger events, e.g., opening doors, recording video, etc. PIRs are used widely because of their
low power consumption. Hitherto, PIR sensors were used for binary event generation –
human/animal present or not-present. At the same time simple binary output hinders the use of
PIR sensors in a wide variety of sophisticated applications. COVID-19 or Coronavirus disease-
2019 is a contagious disease, which was first identified in Wuhan, China, in December 2019,
and is prevalent all over the world and has tremendous impact on our lifestyles.
Ever since social distancing is known to be the best practice to stop spreading of
the virus. In order to interrupt or slow down the incidence and duration of disease spread in a
population, physical distance between people in crowded places is the need of the hour to
control the spread of the virus and to prevent further contamination. This ultimately leads to a
reduction in disease transmission, morbidity, and mortality. We have developed a solution to
address this issue by combining a smart band feature with a motion sensor to create a
multifunctional system that can measure pulse rate and identify people in close vicinity.

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 TABLE OF CONTENT Page no.

LIST OF FIGURES
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION TO PIR SENSOR 9
1.1 PIR Sensor 9
1.2 Motivation 10
1.3 Objective Statement 10
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE SURVEY 11
2.1 Existing system 11
2.2 Implementation of Existing system 11
2.3 Scope and Limitations of Existing system 13
CHAPTER 3: PROPOSED SYSTEM 14
3.1 Block diagram of Working system 15
3.2 Explanation of working system 15
3.3 Working principle of PIR Sensor 17
3.4 What does a PIR Sensor detect? 18
3.5 Hardware Requirements 19
3.5.1 PIR Sensor 20
3.5.2 Arduino UNO 21
3.5.3 Arduino specifications 23
3.5.4 Arduino Pin Diagram 24
3.5.5 ATmega328p Microcontroller 25
3.5.6 ATmega328p-Arduino pin mapping 26
3.5.7 LED (Light Emitting Diode) 26
3.5.8 Piezoelectric buzzer 27
3.6 Software Requirements 28
3.6.1 Arduino IDE Software 28

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CHAPTER 4: SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION 28
4.1 Software working 28
CHAPTER 5: RESULTS &OBSERVAIONS 30
5.1 Result 30
5.2 Observation 30

CHAPTER 6: CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE 31

6.1 Future Scope 31
6.2 Conclusion 31
REFERENCES 32

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 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure No. Title Page no

1.1 Block Diagram of Existing System 12

1.2 Block Diagram of Working System 15
1.3 Circuit Diagram of PIR Sensor by using Arduino UNO 17
1.4 Working Principle of PIR Sensor 18
1.5 PIR Sensor detection 19
1.6 PIR Sensor 20
1.7 Arduino UNO 22
1.8 Arduino Pin Diagram 24
1.9 ATmega328p Microcontroller 25
1.10 ATmega328p-Arduino Pin Mapping 26
1.11 LED (Light Emitting Diode) 26
1.12 Piezoelectric buzzer 27
1.13 Result/Final observation 32

CHAPTER 1

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 INTRODUCTION
1.1 PIR SENSOR

In the COVID-19 period, where there is pandemic situation everywhere, and according to
the World Health Organization, Social Distancing is a better solution to tackle the situation.
Social distancing is nothing but maintaining physical distance between people who are
other than households. According to World Health Organization guidelines, we must
maintain at least 6 feet physical distance with people other than households. For many
people, social distancing has become a way of life since the COVID-19 outbreak. To
contain the COVID-19 pandemic, it is frequently stressed the importance of maintaining a
safe distance between people.

Pyroelectric material based passive infrared (PIR) sensors detect any heat
emitting body moving in front of them. This ‘on the fly’ presence detection has found
several applications, due to its inherent heat detection and measurement capabilities. For
example, faucets open when hands are placed below; lights switch on/off when motion is
detected in rooms; cameras are triggered on detecting movement of animals in their natural
habitat for recording video efficiently with PIR sensors.

1.2 MOTIVATION

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Pyroelectric infrared (PIR) sensors are well-known occupancy detectors. They have been widely
employed for human tracking systems, due to their low cost and power consumption, small form
factor and unobtrusive and privacy-preserving interaction. In particular, a dense array of PIR
sensors having digital output and the modulated visibility of Fresnel lenses can provide
capabilities for tracking human motion, identifying walking subject and counting people
entering or leaving the entrance of a room or building. However, the analog output signal of PIR
sensors involves more aspects beyond simple people presence, including the distance of the
body from the PIR sensor, the velocity of the movement (i.e.,direction and speed), body shape
and gait (i.e., a particular way or manner of walking). Thus, we can leverage discriminative
features of the analog output signal of PIR sensors in order to develop various applications for
indoor human tracking and localization.

1.3 OBJECTIVES

 Social Distancing by using Arduino with PIR Sensor.

 PIR Sensor circuit with LED and buzzer included by using tinker cad.
 Program Arduino board to distinguish advancement.
 Interface PIR (Passive Infrared) Sensor with Arduino.

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 CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE SURVEY
2.1 EXISTING SYSTEM

In the market has numerous thief cautions concocting microcontrollers. The work is
about a PIR sensor-based thief caution with SMS alert. The circuit detects the interruption
utilizing a PIR sensor and sends an output. An 8051 is utilized for checking the PIR sensor and
sending the alarm message utilizing the GSM module. An alert is additionally raised when the
interruption happens.

2.2 IMPLEMENTATION OF EXISTING SYSTEM

PIR is basically made of Pyroelectric sensors to develop an electric signal in response
to a change in the incident thermal radiation. Every living body emits some low-level radiations
and the hotter the body, the more is emitted radiation. Commercial PIR sensors typically include
two IR-sensitive elements with opposite polarization housed in a hermetically sealed metal with
a window made of IR-transmissive material (typically coated silicon to protect the sensing
element). When the sensor is idle, both slots detect the same amount of IR, the ambient amount
radiated from the room or walls or outdoors. When a warm body like a human or an animal pass
by, it first intercepts one half of the PIR sensor which causes a positive differential change
between the two halves. When the warm body leaves the sensing area, the reverse happens,
whereby the sensor generates a negative differential change. These change pulses are what is
detected. In order to shape the FOV, i.e., Field of View of the sensor, the detector is equipped
with lenses in front of it. The lens used here is inexpensive and lightweight plastic materials
with transmission characteristics suited for the desired wavelength range.

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 To cover much larger area, detection lens is split up into multiple sections, each section of
which is a Fresnel lens. Fresnel lens condenses light. Providing a larger range of IR to the
sensor it can span over several tens of degree width. Thus, total configuration improves
immunity to changes in background temperature, noise or humidity and causes a shorter settling
time of the output after a body moved in or out the FOV. Along with pyroelectric sensor, a chip
named Micro Power PIR Motion Detector IC has been used. This chip takes the output of the
sensor and does some minor processing on it to emit a digital output pulse from the analog
sensor.

Fig 1.1: Block Diagram of Existing System

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2.3 SCOPE OF EXISTING SYSTEM

The scope of our project in future includes integrating the current

band with other useful sensors and reducing its size to an actual smart band size. The sensors we
would like to integrate for a more advanced band are pulse oxy sensor - MAX30100, Bluetooth
module –HC-05, GPS module and activity tracking sensors. These sensors and modules are
useful to collect data and process them to give useful results to understand health of the user.
The data we collect through the sensors will be sent to smartphones using Bluetooth module and
by using some advanced machine learning and deep learning models we can understand the
anomalies in health and by using GPS module we can implement contact tracing, find the
probability of virus infection.

LIMITATIONS OF EXISTING SYSTEM

 They have lower sensitivity and less coverage compare to microwave sensors.
 It does not operate greater than 35-degree C.
 It works effectively in LOS (Line of Sight) and will have problems in the corner regions.
 It is insensitive to very slow motion of the objects.
 PIR Sensors may turn off even if there is very little movement in occupied floors.
 Thieves may find it easy to fool PIR detection range as they slotted detection zone and
not continuous one like microwave sensor.

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 CHAPTER 3
PROPOSED SYSTEM

3.1 PROPOSED SYSTEM

From the square chart ARDUINO UNO board is utilized for dumping the code written in
ARDUINO IDE programming utilizing Inserted C coding and the required yield can be checked
of chime by interfacing it to the ARDUINO UNO board. The core of the circuit is the
ATMEGA microcontroller. The microcontroller utilized is ATMEGA328p which is the ace
gadget.

A ringer is utilized module and PIR sensor and interface with Arduino when
any individual recognized before PIR sensor the signal caution will turn On and Sim module are
sent the message to the client likewise utilizes a Camera which record the video of current area
and transfer the video on server and client can see those video which are transferred on Server.

Recognizing movements or developments has dependably been essential in many

ventures. With the assistance of the Human Movement Sensor, it has turned out to be anything
but difficult to recognize human/creature developments. In this venture will figure out how they
can interface a Human Movement Sensor with a microcontroller like Arduino. That will
interface an Arduino with Human Movement module and squint a Drove and begin the catching
the recordings on neighborhood machine just as android. The accompanying segments will be
expected to manufacture this venture. In this undertaking will figure out how they can interface
a Human Movement Sensor with a microcontroller like Arduino. that will interface an Arduino
with Human Movement module and flicker a Drove and begin the catching the recordings on
neighborhood machine just as android.

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 Fig 1.2: Block Diagram of working system

3.2 EXPLANTION OF WORKING SYSTEM

Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board based on 8-bit ATmega328P microcontroller. Along

with ATmega328P, it consists other components such as crystal oscillator, serial communication,
voltage regulator, etc. to support the microcontroller. Arduino Uno has 14 digital input/output
pins (out of which 6 can be used as PWM outputs), 6 analog input pins, a USB connection, A
Power barrel jack, an ICSP header and a reset button.

The 14 digital input/output pins can be used as input or output pins by using pin Mode (), digital
Read () and digital Write () functions in Arduino programming. Each pin operates at 5V and can
provide or receive a maximum of 40mA current, and has an internal pull-up resistor of 20-50
Ohms which are disconnected by default.  Out of these 14 pins, some pins have specific
functions as listed below:

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 Serial Pins 0 (Rx) and 1 (Tx): Rx and Tx pins are used to receive and transmit TTL serial
data. They are connected with the corresponding ATmega328P USB to TTL serial chip.

 External Interrupt Pins 2 and 3: These pins can be configured to trigger an interrupt on
a low value, a rising or falling edge, or a change in value.
 PWM Pins 3, 5, 6, 9 and 11: These pins provide an 8-bit PWM output by using analog
Write () function.
 SPI Pins 10 (SS), 11 (MOSI), 12 (MISO) and 13 (SCK): These pins are used for SPI
communication.
 In-built LED Pin 13: This pin is connected with a built-in LED, when pin 13 is HIGH –
LED is on and when pin 13 is LOW, its off. Along with 14 Digital pins, there are 6 analog
input pins, each of which provide 10 bits of resolution, i.e., 1024 different values. They
measure from 0 to 5 volts but this limit can be increased by using AREF pin with analog
Reference () function.  

 Analog pin 4 (SDA) and pin 5 (SCA) also used for TWI communication using Wire
library.

Arduino Uno has a couple of other pins as explained below:

AREF: Used to provide reference voltage for analog inputs with analog Reference () function.
Reset Pin: Making this pin LOW, resets the microcontroller.

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Follow the circuit diagram and make the connections as shown in the image below.

Fig 1.3: Circuit Diagram of PIR Sensor by using Arduino UNO

3.3 WORKING PRINCIPLE OF PIR SENSOR

The passive infrared sensor does not radiate energy to space. It receives the infrared radiation from
the human body to make an alarm. Any object with temperature is constantly radiating infrared
rays to the outside world. The surface temperature of the human body is between 36° C - 27 ° C
and most of its radiant energy concentrated in the wavelength range of 8 um-12 um.

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 Fig 1.4: Working principle of PIR Sensor

Passive infrared alarms classified into infrared detectors (infrared probes) and alarm control
sections. The most widely used infrared detector is a pyroelectric detector. It uses as a sensor for
converting human infrared radiation into electricity. If the human infrared radiation is directly
irradiated on the detector, it will, of course, cause a temperature change to output a signal. But in
doing all this, the detection distance will not be more. In order to lengthen the detection distance of
the detector, an optical system must be added to collect the infrared radiation. Usually, plastic
optical reflection system or plastic Fresnel lens used as a focusing system for infrared radiation.

3.4 what does a PIR Sensor detect?

Generally, PIR sensor can detect animal/human movement in a requirement range. PIR is made of
a pyroelectric sensor, which is able to detect different levels of infrared radiation.  The detector
itself does not emit any energy but passively receives it. 

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 Fig 1.5: PIR Sensor detection

It detects infrared radiation from the environment. Once there is infrared radiation from the human
body particle with temperature, focusing on the optical system causes the pyroelectric device to
generate a sudden electrical signal. 

Simply, when a human body or any animal passes by, then it intercepts the first slot of the PIR
sensor. This causes a positive differential change between the two bisects. When a human body
leaves the sensing area, the sensor generates a negative differential change between the two bisects.

3.5 HARDWARE REQUIREMENTS

3.5.1 PIR Sensor
3.5.2 Arduino UNO
3.5.3 Specifications of Arduino UNO
3.5.4 Arduino Pin Diagram
3.5.5 ATmega328p Microcontroller
3.5.6 ATmega328p-Arduino pin mapping
3.5.7 LED (Light Emitting Diode)
3.5.8 Piezoelectric buzzer

3.6 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

3.6.1 Arduino IDE Software

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3.5.1 PIR SENSOR:
What is a PIR Sensor?
A passive infrared sensor is an electronic sensor that measures infrared light radiating from
objects. PIR sensors mostly used in PIR-based motion detectors. Also, it used in security alarms
and automatic lighting applications. The below image shows a typical pin configuration of the PIR
sensor, which is quite simple to understand the pinouts. The PIR sensor consist of 3 pins,

Fig 1.6: PIR Sensor

 Pin1 corresponds to the drain terminal of the device, which connected to the positive
supply 5V DC.

 Pin2 corresponds to the source terminal of the device, which connects to the ground
terminal via a 100K or 47K resistor. The Pin2 is the output pin of the sensor. The pin 2 of
the sensor carries the detected IR signal to an amplifier from the

 Pin3 of the sensor connected to the ground.

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 A passive infrared sensor (PIR sensor) is an electronic sensor that
measures infrared (IR) light radiating from objects in its field of view. They are most
often used in PIR-based motion detectors. PIR sensors are commonly used in security
alarms and automatic lighting applications.

PIR sensors detect general movement, but do not give information on who or what
moved. For that purpose, an imaging IR sensor is required.

PIR sensors are commonly called simply "PIR", or sometimes "PID", for "passive infrared
detector". The term passive refers to the fact that PIR devices do not radiate energy for detection
purposes. They work entirely by detecting infrared radiation (radiant heat) emitted by or
reflected from others.

3.5.2 ARDUINO UNO: Arduino Uno is a popular microcontroller development board based on
8-bit ATmega328P microcontroller. Along with ATmega328P MCU IC, it consists other
components such as crystal oscillator, serial communication, voltage regulator, etc. to support the
microcontroller.

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The Arduino Uno is an open-source microcontroller board based on the Microchip
ATmega328P microcontroller and developed by Arduino.cc. ... The board has 14 digital I/O pins
(six capable of PWM output), 6 analogy I/O pins, and is programmable with the Arduino IDE
(Integrated Development Environment), via a type B USB cable.
CPU: Microchip AVR (8-bit)

Memory: SRAM

Storage: Flash, EEPROM

Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output.)

Analog Input Pins: 6

Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328P)

Fig 1.7: Arduino UNO

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 3.5.3 SPECIFICATIONS OF ARDUINO UNO:
 Microcontroller: ATmega328P 
 Operating Voltage: 5V 
 Input Voltage (recommended): 7-12V 
 In out Voltage (limit): 6-20V 
 Digital I/O Pins: 14 (of which 6 provide PWM output) 
 PWM Digital I/O Pins: 6 
 Analog Input Pins: 6 
 DC Current per I/O Pin: 20 mA 
 DC current for 3.3V Pin: 50 mA 
 Flash Memory: 32 KB (ATmega328P) of which 0.5 KB used by bootloader
 SRAM: 2 KB (ATmega328P)
 EEPROM: 1 KB (ATmega328P)
 Clock Speed: 16 MHz
 LED_BUILTIN: 13
 Length: 68.6 mm 
 Width: 58.4 mm 
 Weight: 25 g 

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3.5.4 ARDUINO PIN DIAGRAM

Fig 1.8: Pin Diagram

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3.5.5 ATmega328P MICROCONTROLLER

Fig 1.9: ATmega328P Microcontroller

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3.5.6 ATmega328p Arduino pin mapping

Fig 1.10 ATmega328P pin mapping

3.5.7 LED (Light Emitting Diode)

PIR is a motion sensor. When motion is detected, the LED is turned on. If no motion
is detected, the LED turns off.

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 Fig 1.11 LED

3.5.8 Piezoelectric buzzer

A device called buzzer is tiny in its look but it is a very important aspect of the project as it
produces the most important audio aspect to the project. The size of the buzzer used is so small
that it can be fit onto a small breadboard perfectly and it is a very good choice for the projects
which includes audio effect, like the one used in the social distancing project. In the market,
there are 2 kinds of buzzers available for practical usage and for the purpose of development
projects. The one we used to be a very simple one, which is used to produce the beep sound
continuously. The sound is generated due to the presence of an oscillatory circuit. The buzzing
device, buzzer is very simple to use as it has only 2 pins, we can connect them directly to a dc
battery or a power supply to get the sound out of it. The voltage required to make the buzzer
working is 5-6volts. In most of the cases, the buzzer is connected to a switching type of circuit,
so that it can be made circuit, made on or off depending on the requirement.

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 Fig 1.12: Piezoelectric buzzer

CHAPTER 4

SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

3.6 SOFTWARE REQUIREMENTS

For software simulation we need to install Arduino IDE software, then open a new file and write

the program.

3.6.1 Arduino IDE software

3.6.1 ARDUINO IDE SOFTWARE

Arduino is an open-source electronics platform based on easy-to-use hardware and

software. Arduino boards are able to read inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a

Twitter message - and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED, publishing

something online. You can tell your board what to do by sending a set of instructions to the

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microcontroller on the board. To do so you use the Arduino programming language (based

on Wiring), and the Arduino Software (IDE), based on Processing.

Over the years Arduino has been the brain of thousands of projects, from everyday objects
to complex scientific instruments. A worldwide community of makers - students, hobbyists,
artists, programmers, and professionals - has gathered around this open-source platform, their

contributions have added up to an incredible amount of accessible knowledge that can be of

great help to novices and experts alike.

Arduino was born at the Ivrea Interaction Design Institute as an easy tool for fast
prototyping, aimed at students without a background in electronics and programming. As soon
as it reached a wider community, the Arduino board started changing to adapt to new needs and
challenges, differentiating its offer from simple 8-bit boards to products for IoT applications,
wearable, 3D printing, and embedded environments. All Arduino boards are completely open-
source, empowering users to build them independently and eventually adapt them to their
particular needs. The software, too, is open-source, and it is growing through the contributions
of users worldwide.

4.1 SOFTWARE IMPLEMENTATION

This system is a basic motion activated alarm. It is built around an Arduino Microcontroller. It is
connected to a PIR motion sensor, a buzzer, a resistor, and a pair of external terminals. The
whole system is battery powered so that it is easily portable. Once you have the code, you can
connect all the external parts. The easiest way to do this is with a breadboard. This will let you
make temporary connections to test everything out.

Step 1: Connecting the P.I.R sensor to Arduino:

1. Connect Vcc pin of P.I.R sensor to positive terminal of Arduino (5V).

2. Connect Gnd pin of P.I.R sensor to any ground pin of Arduino.

3. Connect out pin of P.I.R sensor to Pin no. -7 of Arduino.

Step 2: Connecting L.E.D and Piezo Buzzer to Arduino:

29
Connecting L.E.D

Connect Positive terminal (Longer Lead) Of L.E.D To Arduino Pin no. 13.

Connect Negative terminal (Shorter Lead) Of L.E.D To Any Ground Pin.

Connecting Piezo Buzzer

Connect Positive terminal (Red Wire) Of Buzzer to Arduino Pin no. 10.

Connect Negative terminal (Black Wire) Of Buzzer to Any Ground Pin.

Step 3: Connecting L.C.D to Arduino:

To wire your LCD screen to your Arduino, connect the following pins:

LCD RS pin to digital pin 12

LCD Enable pin to digital pin 11

LCD D4 pin to digital pin 5

LCD D5 pin to digital pin 4

LCD D6 pin to digital pin 3

LCD D7 pin to digital pin 2

Additionally, wire a 10K pot to +5V and GND, with its wiper (output) to LCD screens VO pin
(pin3).

Step 4: Programming Arduino:

1. Download Arduino IDE 1.0.6 from https://www.arduino.cc/en/main/software.

2. Connect Your Arduino to your computer using USB Cable.

3. Open Arduino IDE, choose your correct board from Tools--Boards

4.Choose Your Correct Port from Tools--Serial Port

6. Copy the following sketch which appears in your Web Browser to your Arduino Sketch Page.

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7. Click on Upload Icon or go to File—Upload

Step 5: Drill Holes in the Housing:

Next, we need to drill a few holes in the housing so that we can mount all the parts. Start by
using a 1⁄4"hole in one end of the housing. This will be where we mount the buzzer. Then use a
3⁄4" hole saw to drill a hole in the other side of the housing. This will be where we mount the
motion sensor

Step 6: Glue the Motion Sensor and the Buzzer in Place

Apply a small amount of hot glue around the motion sensor where it lines up with the hole in the

housing. Then press the motion sensor into the hole. Apply more hot glue around the outside
and hold it in place until the glue cools. Then apply a small amount of hot glue to the face of the
buzzer. Align the hole in the buzzer with the hole in the housing and press it in place. Hold the
buzzer in this position until the glue dries.

Step 7: Close Up the Housing:

The last thing that you need to do is connect the battery and close up the housing.

ADVANTAGES

 PIR Motion Sensors will itself recover its cost by reducing your electricity bills and
further save your electricity cost for the future.
 Very easy installation and can be installed by in-house technician itself.
 No separate wiring is required hence no additional installation cost.
 No modification is required and compiles with current aesthetics.

APPLICATIONS
 This can be used in the museums to protect the valuable things.

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  This can also be used as an automatic door bell circuit that rings the bell when human is
detected.
 This can be used in Defense applications to detect the humans in war field.
 This can be used in toy applications that produce sound.

CHAPTER 5
RESULT&OBSERVATIONS
5.1 RESULT
Scrolling text message is displayed on LED display using Arduino UNO. This model can be
used very efficiently in establishments like chain restaurants wherein the order and special
discounts can he displayed at all branches simultaneously, in colleges wherein students and
staffs can be informed simultaneously in no time. It can be set up at public transport places like
railways, bus station, and airport and also at roadside for traffic control and in emergency
situations, it is cost efficient system and very easy to handle. Latency involved in using of
papers in displaying of notices is avoided and the information can be updated by the authorized
persons.

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5.2 OBSERVATION

Fig 1.13: Final observation

CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE

6.1 FUTURE SCOPE

The scope of our project in future includes integrating the current band with other useful sensors
and reducing its size to an actual smart band size. The sensors we would like to integrate for a
more advanced band are pulse oxy sensor - MAX30100, Bluetooth module –HC-05, GPS
module and activity tracking sensors. These sensors and modules are useful to collect data and
process them to give useful results to understand health of the user. The data we collect through

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the sensors will be sent to smartphones using Bluetooth module and by using some advanced
machine learning and deep learning models we can understand the anomalies in health and by
using GPS module we can implement contact tracing, find the probability of virus infection.

6.2 CONCLUSION
This paper was aimed to propose a multi-purpose smart social distancing band. The key to stay
safe is to maintain social distance until this is all over. As technology is advancing, we need to
use it in a proper way to make the most out of it. The idea of using a smart band to maintain
social distancing has its own advantages and disadvantages but the main perk of using it is we
can avoid a significant amount of risk of infection with a single wearable. In this report, we have
presented a way to maintain social distancing by alerting the person by detecting close contact
of people around by using PIR sensor and sending feedback through a buzzer. We also
integrated pulse sensor and an OLED module for checking pulse and displaying it on the OLED
module in an interactive way. Checking pulse frequently can detect any anomalies in the pulse
rate and can give an opportunity to act well before anything happens. We have also stated about
how improved version of our project helps to provide contact tracing and other important
information.

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