TOPIC VOCABULARY: CHANGE

1.Thích nghi to change your behaviour in order to deal more successfully

with a new situation
adapt to something
Some animals have a remarkable ability to adapt to changing environments.
adapt yourself to something
It took him a while to adapt himself to his new surroundings.
ADAPT (v) /əˈdæpt/
2. Điều chỉnh to change something in order to make it suitable for a new
use or situation
adapt something
These styles can be adapted to suit individual tastes.
adapt something for something
Most of these tools have been specially adapted for use by disabled people.
Điều chỉnh (để tốt, chính xác, hiệu quả hơn) to change something
slightly to make it more suitable for a new set of conditions or to make it
work better
ADJUST (v) /əˈdʒʌst/ adjust something
Watch out for sharp bends and adjust your speed accordingly.
adjust something to something
Adjust your language to the age of your audience.
Xen kẽ, lần lượt, luân phiên to make things or people follow one after the
other in a repeated pattern
alternate A and B
ALTERNATE
Alternate cubes of meat and slices of red pepper.
(v) /ˈɔːltəneɪt/
alternate A with B
Her music alternates moments of sudden quiet with moments of dramatic
intensity.
Xen kẽ, lần lượt, luân phiên (of two things) happening or following one
ALTERNATE
after the other regularly
(adj) /ˈɔːltərnət/
John has to work on alternate Sundays.
Cái để thay thế, lựa chọn a thing that you can choose to do or have out of
two or more possibilities
We had no alternative but to fire Gibson.
alternative to something
ALTERNATIVE (n) /ɔːl
Does this offer a viable alternative to the existing system?
ˈtɜːrnətɪv/
as an alternative to something
Fruit juice is provided as an alternative to alcoholic drinks.
alternative for somebody
This treatment is the only alternative for some patients.
ALTERNATIVE (adj) Dùng để thay thế that can be used instead of something else
/ɔːlˈtɜːrnətɪv/ The road was closed so we had to find an alternative route.
AMEND (v) /əˈmend/ Sửa đổi, thay đổi (tài liệu, điều luật, tuyên bố); bổ sung (chỗ thiếu
sót, sai lầm trong một văn kiện...) to change a law, document, statement,
 etc. slightly in order to correct a mistake or to improve it
amend something
The law has been amended to read as follows:…
Bảo thủ opposed to great or sudden social change; showing that you prefer
traditional styles and values
CONSERVATIVE (adj)
The southern state's inhabitants tend to be socially conservative.
/kənˈsɜːrvətɪv/
conservative in something
They were deeply conservative in their outlook.
1. Thay đổi ( phương pháp, hệ thống, mục đích) to change or make
something change from one form, purpose, system, etc. to another
convert something
You need to ensure that you've converted the data properly.
convert something into something
The hotel is going to be converted into a nursing home.
convert something to something
The system is eco-friendly because the waste heat is converted to electricity.
convert from something
Japan was at the time still converting from an agricultural economy.
convert into/to something
A lot of conventional farmers have converted to organic production.
convert from something to something
We've converted from oil to gas central heating.
2. Cải đạo to change your religion or beliefs; to make somebody change their
CONVERT (v) /kənˈvɜːrt/
religion or beliefs
convert from something
He converted from Catholicism(đạo Thiên chúa, công giáo ) 20 years ago.
convert to something
She converted to Judaism(đạo Do thái) to marry him.
convert from something to something
He converted from Christianity(đạo Cơ-đốc) to Islam(đạo Hồi).
convert somebody from something
Evangelical Christian groups were trying to convert Africans from
indigenous religions.
convert somebody to something
She was soon converted to the socialist(thuộc về chủ nghĩa xã hội) cause.
convert somebody from something to something Mongolia was
converted from shamanism(Saman giáo) to Buddhism(đạo Phật) in the late
16th century.
Người cải đạo, người thay đổi chính kiến a person who has changed
CONVERT (n) /ˈkɑːnvɜːrt/ their religion, beliefs or opinions
Pope Clement was a convert from paganism(tà giáo).
Mục nát, thối rữa to be destroyed gradually by natural processes; to
DECAY (v) /dɪˈkeɪ/ destroy something in this way
When leaves decay, chemicals are returned to the soil.
 Sự mục nát, thối rữa the process or result of being destroyed by natural
DECAY (n) /dɪˈkeɪ/ causes or by not being cared for (= of decaying)
The landlord had let the building fall into decay.
DETERIORATE (v) /dɪ Trở nên tệ hơn to become worse
ˈtɪriəreɪt/ Her health deteriorated rapidly, and she died shortly afterwards.
1. Bóp méo to change the shape, appearance or sound of something so that
it is strange or not clear
The loudspeaker seemed to distort his voice.
DISTORT (v) /dɪˈstɔːrt/
2. Xuyên tạc to change facts, ideas, etc. so that they are no longer correct or
true
Newspapers are often guilty of distorting the truth.
Thay đổi và tiến bộ liên tục (of a process, relationship or system) always
DYNAMIC (adj) /daɪ
changing and making progress
ˈnæmɪk/
The business has managed to change and remain dynamic.
1. Chịu đựng, cam chịu to experience and deal with something that is
painful or unpleasant without giving up
endure something
ENDURE (v)
They had to endure a long wait before the case came to trial.
2. Kéo dài to continue to exist for a long time
The torn flag has endured as a symbol of freedom.
Tiến hóa to develop gradually, especially from a simple to a more
complicated form; to develop something in this way
evolve (from something) (into something)
EVOLVE (v) /ɪˈvɑːlv/ The idea evolved from a drawing I discovered in the attic.
The company has evolved into a major chemical manufacturer.
evolve something (from something)
Each school must evolve its own way of working.
Ảnh hưởng to have an effect on the way that somebody behaves or thinks,
especially by giving them an example to follow
influence somebody/something
His writings have influenced the lives of millions.
INFLUENCE influence how, whether, etc…
(v) /ˈɪnfluəns/ The wording of questions can influence how people answer.
influence somebody to do something
She was influenced to take up voluntary work by her teacher.
influence somebody in something
Her parents tried to influence her in her choice of university.
Ảnh hưởng the effect that somebody/something has on the way a person
thinks or behaves or on the way that something works or develops
INFLUENCE influence on somebody/something
(n) /ˈɪnfluəns/ He had considerable influence on younger sculptors.
influence of somebody/something on somebody/something
What is exactly is the influence of social media on children?
INNOVATION (n) Sự đổi mới a new idea, way of doing something, etc. that has been
 introduced or discovered
/ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn/ Many innovations were introduced by the 1919 Act.
innovation in something recent innovations in steel-making technology
INNOVATIVE Mới, lạ và tiến bộ new, original and advanced
(adj) /ˈɪnəveɪtɪv/ There will be a prize for the most innovative design.
Kéo dài to continue for a particular period of time
Each game lasts about an hour.
last for something
LAST (v) /læst/
The meeting only lasted for a few minutes.
last until something
The trial is expected to last until the end of the week.
MAINTAIN (v) /meɪn Duy trì to make something continue at the same level, standard, etc.
ˈteɪn/ The two countries have always maintained close relations.
Trưởng thành to start being like an adult and become more sensible as you
MATURE (v) /məˈtjʊə(r)/ get older
He has matured a great deal over the past year.
Trưởng thành behaving in the sensible way that you would expect an adult
MATURE (adj) /mə
to behave
ˈtjʊə(r)/
Jane is very mature for her age.
1. Sửa đổi, thay đổi to change something slightly, especially in order to
make it more suitable for a particular purpose
The law has been significantly modified since that ruling.
MODIFY (v) /ˈmɑːdɪfaɪ/
heavily/highly modified
2. Làm giảm bớt, làm nhẹ, làm dịu to make something less extreme
She refused to modify her behaviour.
Mới lạ different from anything known before; new, interesting and often
seeming slightly strange
NOVEL (adj) /ˈnɑːvl/
Job-sharing is still a novel concept and it will take a while for employers to
get used to it.
Kiên gan, bền bỉ, cố chấp to continue to do or say something in a
determined way
persist in doing something
Why do you persist in blaming yourself for what happened?
persist in something
PERSIST (v) /pərˈsɪst/
She persisted in her search for the truth.
persist with something
He persisted with his questioning.
+ speech ‘So, did you agree or not?’ he persisted.

POTENTIAL (n) /pəˈtenʃl/ Tiềm năng the possibility of something happening or being developed or
used potential for something the potential for change
potential for doing something
The European marketplace offers excellent potential for increasing sales.
potential of something the huge potential of the American market
 potential to do something
The disease has the potential to cause a global health emergency.
Có tiềm năng that can develop into something or be developed in the
POTENTIAL (adj) /pə
future
ˈtenʃl/
We have compiled a list of 10 potential candidates.
1. Tiến bộ, tiến triển, phát triển to improve or develop over a period of
time; to make progress
Things are progressing well.
progress in something to progress rapidly in your career
progress with something
They are anxious to progress with the plan.
PROGRESS (v) /prəˈɡres/
progress to something
She started off playing the recorder and then progressed to the clarinet.
progress from something to something
He soon progressed from the basics to more difficult work.
2. Tiến tới trước to move forward
The line of traffic progressed slowly through the town.
Quá trình phát triển và cải thiện the process of improving or
developing, or of getting nearer to achieving or completing something
I think we're making progress
progress in something
James is making steady progress in his recovery.
PROGRESS (n) /ˈprɑːɡres/ progress in doing something
Police are making significant progress in fighting computer crime.
progress on something
There's been no sign of progress on this issue.
progress towards something
The company is making progress towards this target.
Mới, khác biệt new, different and likely to have a great effect
RADICAL (adj) /ˈrædɪkl/
That’s quite a radical suggestion.
Cải thiện to improve something by making small changes to it
REFINE (v) /rɪˈfaɪn/ refine something
She has refined her playing technique over the years.
Cải cách, cải thiện, sửa đổi to improve a system, an organization, a law,
REFORM (v) /rɪˈfɔːrm/ etc. by making changes to it
The law needs to be reformed.
Vẫn to continue to be something; to be still in the same state or condition
remain + adj.
Train fares are likely to remain unchanged.
remain + noun
REMAIN (v) /rɪˈmeɪn/
Her identity remains a mystery.
remain as something
He will remain as manager of the club until the end of his contract.
Interest rates will remain at current levels well into next year.
 1. Xét lại to change your opinions or plans, for example because of
something you have learned
I can see I will have to revise my opinions of his abilities now.
2. Sửa đổi, cải thiện, thêm vào (sách, điều luật, bài viết) to change
something, such as a book or an estimate, in order to correct or improve it
REVISE (v) They should create a revised marketing plan.
revise something up/down
We may have to revise this figure upwards.
The growth forecast has been revised down.
revise something (from something) (to something)
Of the original 200, that was revised to 100, only about 50 people
1. Sự thay đổi to lớn a great change in conditions, ways of working,
beliefs, etc. that affects large numbers of people
They led the electronics revolution but have been left behind by the IT
revolution.
REVOLUTION (n) /ˌrevə
revolution in something
ˈluːʃn/
A revolution in information technology is taking place.
2. cuộc cách mạng an attempt, by a large number of people, to change the
government of a country, especially by violent action
The country appears to be on the brink of revolution.
Chuyển đổi (of a situation, an opinion, a policy etc.) to change from one
state, position, etc. to another
Public attitudes towards marriage have shifted over the past 50 years.
shift (away) from somebody/ something to/ towards somebody/
something
SHIFT (v) /ʃɪft/
The balance of power shifted away from workers towards employers.
shift (away) from somebody/something
I felt the advantage had suddenly shifted away from us.
shift to/towards/toward somebody/something
Her sympathies gradually shifted to the side of the protesters.
Sự thay đổi a change in opinion, mood, policy, etc.
shift in something
Over the last ten years there has been a fundamental shift in the way we do
business.
shift of something
With the shift of power in the Senate, the bill's fate is in doubt.
SHIFT (n) /ʃɪft/
shift towards something
A gradual shift towards renewable energy would mean reduced carbon
emissions.
shift from something to something
In developed countries there has been a shift from manufacturing to
services.
SPOIL (v) /spɔɪl/ Làm hư, hỏng to change something good into something bad, unpleasant,
etc.
 Our camping trip was spoilt by bad weather.
STATUS QUO (n phr) / Hiện trạng the present situation or the way things usually are
ˌsteɪtəs ˈkwəʊ/ They wanted a return to the status quo before the war.
1. Làm cho vững vàng, vững chắc to stop yourself/somebody/something
from moving, shaking or falling; to stop moving, shaking or falling
STEADY (v) /ˈstedi/ She steadied herself against the wall.
2. Không thay đổi, đều đặn to stop changing and become regular again
Her heartbeat steadied.
1. Đều đặn developing, growing, etc. gradually and in an even and regular
way
We've had five years of steady economic growth.
2. Vững chắc, vững vàng fixed in a place or position, supported or
STEADY (adj) /ˈstedi/
balanced; controlled and not shaking or likely to fall down
He held the boat steady as she got in.
3. không đổi, không bị gián đoạn not changing and not interrupted
They set off at a steady pace.
Thay thế , đổi to take the place of somebody/something else; to use
somebody/something instead of somebody/something else
substitute for somebody/something
Nothing can substitute for the advice your doctor is able to give you.
substitute A for B
SUBSTITUTE (v) /
Margarine can be substituted for butter in this recipe.
ˈsʌbstɪtuːt/
substitute B with/by A
Butter can be substituted with margarine in this recipe.
substitute somebody/something
Kane was substituted in the second half after a knee injury (= somebody else
played instead of Kane in the second half).
Người hoặc vật thay thế a person or thing that you use or have instead of
the one you normally use or have
SUBSTITUTE (n) /
a substitute family
ˈsʌbstɪtuːt/
substitute for somebody/something
Paul's father only saw him as a substitute for his dead brother.
Giữ vững to provide enough of what somebody/something needs in order
to live or exist
SUSTAIN (v) /səˈsteɪn/
Which planets can sustain life?
I only had a little chocolate to sustain me on my walk.
Thay thế, đánh tráo to exchange one thing for another
switch something
The dates of the last two exams have been switched.
SWITCH (v) /swɪtʃ/ switch something over/around/round
I see you've switched the furniture around (= changed its position).
switch something with something
Do you think she'll notice if I switch my glass with hers?
SWITCH (n) /swɪtʃ/ 1. Sự thay đổi thành thứ khác a change from one thing to another,
 especially when this is sudden and complete
switch in/of something a switch of priorities
switch from A to B
She made the switch from full-time to part-time work when her first child
was born.
2. Công tắc điện a small device that you press or move up and down in
order to turn a light or piece of electrical equipment on and off
He flipped a switch and the lights came on.
Thay đổi, biến đổi to change the form of something; to change in form
transform something/somebody (into something)
TRANSFORM (v) /træns
The photochemical reactions transform the light into electrical impulses.
ˈfɔːrm/
transform something/somebody from something (into something)
Materials are transformed from their original state into other forms.
Xu hướng, chiều hướng a general direction in which a situation is
changing or developing
trend towards something
There is a growing trend towards later retirement.
TREND (n) /trend/ trend in something
The article discusses current trends in language teaching
trend for something
A trend for romance and nostalgia has emerged.
on trend Linen is on trend (= fashionable) again this summer.
Đồng dạng, cùng kiểu, giống nhau not varying; the same in all parts
UNIFORM (adj) /
and at all times
ˈjuːnɪfɔːrm/
The walls were a uniform grey.

TOPIC VOCABULARY: TECHNOLOGY

BREAKTHROUGH (n) / Đột phá an important development that may lead to an agreement or
ˈbreɪkθruː/ achievement
We have achieved a real breakthrough in the search for peace.
BROADBAND (adj) / Có thể gửi nhiều loại tín hiệu giao tiếp cùng lúc able to send different
ˈbrɔːdbænd/ types of communication signals at the same time.
You need a broadband connection to watch the video.
BROADBAND (n) / Dải sóng rộng A high-speed internet connection.
ˈbrɔːdbænd/ Internet connection via broadband offers many advantages.
CLICK (v) /klɪk/ Nháy chuột to make a computer do something by pressing a button on the
mouse.
click something
Click the OK button to start.
click on something
I clicked on the link to the next page of the website.
click for something
Click for more images.
 COMPLEX (adj) / Phức tạp, rắc rối with a lot of details or small parts, which makes
ˈkɑːmpleks/ something to understand or deal with.
We live in an increasingly complex world.
CONSUMER Điện tử tiêu dùng electrical equipment, such as digital cameras, etc,
ELECTRONICS (n phr) which is available for the public to buy.
/kənˌsuːmər ɪˌlekˈtrɑːnɪks/ a leading manufacturer of consumer electronics
CRAFT (v) /kræft/ Làm thủ công to make or produce something skilfully.
be crafted (from something)
All the furniture is crafted from natural materials.
CRAFT (n) /kræft/ Nghề thủ công a traditional skill of making things by hand, for example
furniture or jewellery.
Subjects taught include art and craft, drama, and languages.
DATA (n) /ˈdeɪtə/ Dữ liệu information in a form that a computer can use.
Our capacity to generate and transmit data has grown exponentially.
DOWNLOAD (v) /ˌdaʊn Tải xuống to move information to your computer from another computer
ˈləʊd/ system or the Internet
download something
You can download the app for free.
download something to something
a small program you can download to your desktop
download something onto something
The data was downloaded onto a computer for further analysis.
download something from something
If you download pictures from the internet, check the terms of use.
DOWNLOAD (n) / Dữ liệu đã tải xuống downloaded computer file
ˈdaʊnləʊd/ This book is available as a free download.
FILE (n) a set of information on a computer
(GAMES) CONSOLE (n Máy chơi điện tử a small piece of electronic equipment that you connect
phr) /ˈɡeɪmz kɑːnsəʊl/ to a screen, used for playing video games
MANUAL (adj) / Làm bằng tay operated by people rather than automatically or using
ˈmænjuəl/ computers
My camera has manual and automatic functions.
MANUAL (n) /ˈmænjuəl/ Sách hướng dẫn sử dụng a book containing instructions for doing
something, especially for operating a machine
Why don’t you read the manual?
NETWORK (v) to connect computers together so that each computer can send and receive
information to and from the other computers
NETWORK (n) Mạng lưới, hệ thống a set of computers which are connected to each other
and operate as part of the same system, able to exchange information and
messages
The office network allows users to share files and software, and to use a
central printer.
across/over/via a network
Users can access data across a network.
 NUCLEAR (adj) / Hạt nhân relating to energy produced by changing the structure of the
ˈnuːkliər/ central part of an atom
China and India only produce a very small percentage of their electricity
from nuclear facilities.
OFFLINE (adj) /ˌɔːfˈlaɪn/ Ngoại tuyến working on a computer but not connected to the Internet.
Download it now and you can read it when you are offline.
OFFLINE (adv) /ˌɔːfˈlaɪn/ Hoạt động ngoại tuyến working on a computer but not connected to the
Internet.
You need to go offline to stop the virus from spreading.
ONLINE (adj) /ˌɑːnˈlaɪn/ Trực tuyến connected to or available through a computer or a computer
network, especially for internet
Online shopping is both cheap and convenient.
ONLINE (adv) /ˌɑːnˈlaɪn/ Trên mạng on the internet
Some people are only happy to buy products online from businesses they
know.
PRIMITIVE (adj) / Nguyên thủy, thô sơ at a very simple stage of development, before
ˈprɪmətɪv/ modern technology
Da Vinci drew pictures that we might see as a primitive helicopter.
PROGRAMMER (n) / Lập trình viên someone whose job is to create computer programs
ˈprəʊɡræmər/ I’d like to be a programmer and work on computer games.
RESOURCE (n) /rɪˈsɔːrs/ Tài nguyên something you can use to help you to achieve something,
especially in your work or study
Lack of resources has prevented the company from investing in new
technology.
TECHNIQUE (n) /tek Kĩ thuật a method of doing something using a special skill that you have
ˈniːk/ developed
Researchers used advanced techniques to analyse the brain scans.
technique for doing something
Teachers learn various techniques for dealing with problem students.
UPLOAD (v) /ˌʌpˈləʊd/ Tải lên to send documents or programs from your computer to a larger
system using the Internet
upload something
The data was uploaded on Friday April 30 at 12:36.