GOVERNMENT COLLEGE OF NURSING JODHPUR

Health talk
On
MENOPAUSE

Submitted to: Submitted by:

Mrs. Jyoti bala Jangid Priyanka Gehlot
Nursing Lecturer M.Sc. Nursing Final Year
INRODUCTION
 Student Teacher Name - Priyanka Gehlot

 Subject - Obstetric And Gynaecological Nursing- Ii

 Topic - Menopause

 Group -

 Venue -

 Date And Time -

 Duration - 30 Minute

 Method Of Teaching - Lecture Cum Discussion

 A.V. Aids - Handout , leaflet

 Name Of Supervisor - Mrs. Jyoti Bala Jangid

 Previous Knowledge Of The Group- Some of The Woman Is Less Aware About Menopause
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVE: After the completion of health education, women will be able to gain the knowledge regarding menopause.

GENERAL OBJECTIVE:
At the end of the health education

 To define menopause
 To explain about the risk factors/ etiology of the menopause.
 To enlist the signs and symptoms of menopause
 To discuss about the diagnosis of menopause
 To discuss about the management of disease

 To discuss about the treatment of disease.

 To describe about the prevention of disease.
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1. 1 Self introduction:
min. Good morning all of you
myself Priyanka Gehlot
from M.Sc. nursing final
year student. Today I
will discussing about
menopause.

INTRODUCTION:
2. 2 To introduce the
min. topic Menopause is commonly defined by the state of
the uterus and the absence of menstrual flow or Student teacher Lecture cum What is general
"periods", but it can instead be more accurately introduces about the discussion meaning of
defined as the permanent cessation of the topic. menopause?
primary functions of the ovaries. What ceases is
the ripening and release of ova and the release
of hormones that cause both the build-up of the
uterine lining, and the subsequent shedding of
the uterine lining (the menses or period).

The transition from a potentially reproductive

to a non-reproductive state is normally not
sudden or abrupt, occurs over a number of
years, and is a consequence of biological aging.
For some women, during the transition years
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the accompanying signs and effects (including

lack of energy, hot flashes, and mood changes)
can be powerful enough to significantly disrupt
their daily activities and sense of well-being. In
those cases, various different treatments can be
tried.

Medically speaking, the date of menopause (in

a woman with an intact uterus) is the day after
the final episode of menstrual flow finishes.

3. 1 Student teacher define Handout

min. To define menopause What is menopause
menopause Menopause is the cessation of a woman's
reproductive ability, the opposite of menarche.
Menopause is usually a natural change; it
typically occurs in women in midlife, during
their late 40s or early 50s, signaling the end of
the fertile phase of a woman's life.
4. 2 To explain about the What are the risk
min. risk factors/ etiology Student teacher explains Handout factors or etiology of
of the menopause. about the risk factors or Menopause?
Risk factors or etiology- etiology.
As women age, the ovaries stop releasing the
ova and hormones are released at a lower level.
This causes the periods to become irregular and
then stop. 

Risk of premature menopause-

Menopause is a natural process in the life of
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women. But a few women begin menopause at
an age earlier than 40. This is called premature
menopause or premature ovarian
Failure.

The following are at risk for premature

menopause:
 Women who had hysterectomy, i.e.,
removal of uterus
 Women whose ovary/ovaries were
removed due to cervical cancer
 Chemotherapy and radiation
 Genetic factors
 Epilepsy / fits
 Positive family history i.e., if any of the
5. 2 To enlist the signs family members had premature menopause Handout
min. and symptoms of  Smoking Student teacher enlists
menopause the signs and symptoms. What are the signs
Menopause affects women in different ways. and symptoms of
You will have some of the following menopause?
symptoms:
 Irregular periods: Periods become
uncertain – sometimes heavier, sometimes
lighter. The frequency may also change –
coming more often or less. 
 Hot flashes: These are feelings of heat
on your face and neck and sometimes all
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over your body accompanied by heavy
sweating. 
 Trouble sleeping: Difficulty sleeping at
night and with night time sweats. 
 Vaginal dryness
 Urinary tract infections: Oestrogen
protects the bladder and urethra. With a
drop in this hormone, you may be more
prone to urinary tract infections as well as
incontinence. 
 Osteoporosis: Oestrogen helps build
new bone and with a drop in this hormone,
bones become thinner and weaker. 
 Increased risk of heart disease:
Oestrogen is believed to protect the heart,
so after menopause, women are at
increased risk. 
 Mood swings or Depression: You may
feel tearful or low. 
 Memory loss
 Fatigue and irritability. 
 Anxiety: Feeling anxious, nervous or
worried constantly due to variations in the
hormone level. 
 Fat accumulation around the waist:
Fat accumulates due to decline in
oestrogen hormone and the loss of muscle
tissue with age, decreased metabolism and
physical activity.
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 Hair loss: Hormonal changes cause hair
loss during menopause - oestrogen
decreases and testosterone increases. 
 Loss of breast size.
Handout
To discuss about the
6. diagnosis of Student teacher describes
menopause about the diagnosis of What is the
MENOPAUSE DIAGNOSIS: menopause diagnosis for
If you think you are having menopause (you menopause?
have not had your period for 6 months), consult
2 your doctor for confirmation of menopause
min. diagnosis and to rule out other problems. Your
doctor may suggest the following tests:
 pH tests: During their productive age,
the pH of the vagina is 4.5. At
menopause it raises to about 6. For this
test, a vaginal swab is taken and tested
for pH values.
 Blood tests: This can check the
Follicular Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
and oestrogen levels. FSH levels
To discuss about the increase and oestrogen levels decrease Student teacher describes Handout,
What is the
7. 10 management of at menopause. about the management. leaflet
management of
min. disease
menopause?

MENOPAUSE MANAGEMENT:
Menopause symptoms can often be managed
with natural options.
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Hot Flashes:
 Acupuncture, which stimulates specific
points on the skin with thin needles, heat
pressure or laser. 
 Eating soya, which is rich in proteins
and isoflavones, a plant oestrogen
(phytoestrogen)
 Exercise
 Wear cool cotton clothing
 Avoid spicy food and caffeine 

Non-prescription treatment like Vitamin B & E

and Ibuprofen to get relief from the pain caused
by hot flashes

Trouble sleeping: Difficulty sleeping at night

and with night time sweats. 
 meditation
 yoga or tai-chi or any other gentle
exercise
 calming music while sleeping
 cool pillows

Vaginal dryness: 
 Use water based lubricant gels that
lubricate and moisturise the vagina
 Avoid smoking that further reduces the
release of oestrogen hormones
 Drink more water to prevent
dehydration of the vagina as well as the
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body
 Eat apple, nuts, soya and whole grains
as they help relieve vaginal dryness.

Urinary tract infections: 

Drink plenty of water, urinate frequently and
consult yourdoctor for medication.
Osteoporosis: 
 Eat a balanced diet
 Have more vitamin D and calcium.
According to dietary reference intake
(DRI), women at menopause are
recommended 1200mg of calcium daily.
Vitamin D recommendation is 400-500 IU
per day for those over 50 and 600 IU for
those 60-70 years 
 Exercise. Include light weights in your
exercise routine (after consulting your
doctor and a fitness trainer)
 Avoid smoking and alcohol intake

Increased risk of heart disease: 

The American Heart Association recommends

the following for better heart health:

 Eat 4.5 cups per day of fruits and

vegetables
 6-8 servings per day of fibre-rich whole
grains based on a 2000 calorie diet
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 Variety of nutritious foods each week
such as fatty fish, unsalted nuts and
legumes
 150 minutes of physical activity each
week, like walking, cycling, dancing or
swimming

Mood swings, Depression, Fatigue,

Irritability: 
 Practise meditation, yoga
 Break up bigger jobs into smaller ones
 Participate in recreational activities you
enjoy

Memory loss: 
 Try games like Sudoku, crossword
puzzles etc.

Anxiety:
 Feeling anxious, nervous or worried
constantly due to variations in the
hormone level. How to manage this:
 Know what is causing stress and try to
minimise them.
 Relax by going to the park, playing with
kids, listening to music. If anxiety is
severe, consult your doctor.

Fat accumulation around the waist: 

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 Eat low-fat, high-fibre diet.
 Exercise every day.

Hair loss: 
 Use a gentle shampoo
 Scalp massage
 Eat protein and iron-rich foods like red
meat 
 Eat fruits rich in vitamin C, like citrus
fruits
 Minimise stress and improve sleep

Diet recommendations for Menopause

management

A healthy diet will help ease some of the risks

that accompany menopause. Include the
following in your diet:

• Fishes like salmon, sardine or tune, rich in

omega 3 fatty acids, should be eaten twice a
week. This benefits the heart.
• More calcium i.e.,1200 mg of calcium per day

• More Vitamin D - 400-500 IU per day for

those over 50 and 600 IU for those over 60-70
years 

• Have plant-based foods with isoflavones

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(plant oestrogen), eg soy and tofu

• Reduce salt intake to control hypertension

• Eat high-fibre foods like pasta, whole grain

bread, fruits, cereals etc

• Up your intake of protein as women often

have low iron

• Cut back on high-fat foods as weight gain is a

problem post menopause

• Drink plenty of water and reduce alcohol

intake

Exercise recommendations for managing

menopause symptoms
Exercising regularly strengthens bones, is good
for the heart and keeps weight gain under
control – all problems that are heightened after
menopause.

• Regular exercise like walking, jogging or

swimming

• Strength training in the gym 

• Take up an activity that you enjoy, like salsa

dancing, tennis or badminton
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• Regular housework can also be good 

• Yoga and meditation

Take charge- Your action plan

 Eat healthy
 Keep your blood cholesterol, pressure
and blood sugar in check
 Get a bone density check
 Exercise – yoga, swimming, walking
etc.
There is no treatment for Menopause itself.

As much as possible symptoms should be

managed naturally. If the symptoms are
interfering with quality of life, you should see
your gynecologist.
In some cases, your gynecologist or your GP
may suggest the following treatments:
Prescription treatment may include hormone
therapy, medication for depression,
hypertension (raised blood pressure).
Your doctor may suggest drugs like Brisdelle
(nonhormone capsules) or Duavee (hormone
tablets).
Hormone therapy has been associated with
health risks, such as breast cancer, blood clots,
endometrial cancer, and stones in the gall
bladder. In certain cases, it helps. Discuss with
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your doctor if this is the treatment for you.
Understand the risks clearly.

Non-prescription treatment like Vitamin B & E

and Ibuprofen to get relief from the pain caused
8. 2 by hot flashes What can be done to
min. Handout treat menopause?
Hormonal supplements for vaginal dryness
(only if recommended by your doctor)
To discuss about the Have more vitamin D and calcium.to counter
treatment of disease. bone density loss and prevent risk of
Student teacher describes
Osteoporosis. According to dietary reference
about the treatment.
intake (DRI), women at menopause are
recommended 1200mg of calcium daily.
Vitamin D recommendation is 400-500 IU per
day for those over 50 and 600 IU for those 60-
70 years 

MENOPAUSE TREATMENT-
There is no treatment for Menopause itself.

As much as possible symptoms should be

managed naturally. If the symptoms are
interfering with quality of life, you should see
your gynecologist.
In some cases, your gynecologist or your GP
may suggest the following treatments:
Prescription treatment may include hormone
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therapy, medication for depression,
hypertension (raised blood pressure).
Your doctor may suggest drugs like Brisdelle
(nonhormone capsules) or Duavee (hormone
tablets).
Hormone therapy has been associated with
health risks, such as breast cancer, blood clots,
endometrial cancer, and stones in the gall
bladder. In certain cases, it helps. Discuss with
your doctor if this is the treatment for you.
Understand the risks clearly.

Non-prescription treatment like Vitamin B & E

and Ibuprofen to get relief from the pain caused
by hot flashes
What are the
9. 3 Hormonal supplements for vaginal dryness Handout preventive measures
min. (only if recommended by your doctor) ,leaflet of disease?

Have more vitamin D and calcium to counter

To describe about bone density loss and prevent risk of Student teacher describe
the prevention of Osteoporosis. According to dietary reference about the prevention of
disease. intake (DRI), women at menopause are disease.
recommended 1200mg of calcium daily.
Vitamin D recommendation is 400-500 IU per
day for those over 50 and 600 IU for those 60-
70 years 

Some steps you can take to prevent menopause

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symptoms:
 Eat a wholesome and healthy Diet
 Exercise regularly: This often reduces
menopause symptoms and may even
prevent some of the symptoms of
menopause.
 Quit smoking
 Sleep well and if necessary reduce
caffeine to ensure better sleep
 Build bone health: Bone density reduces
because of loss of estrogen. So, make sure
you exercise, eat right and test for bone
density. This will help reduce the risk of
Osteoporosis 
Heart health: The risk for casrdiovascular
disease in women increases after menopause.
Check your blood pressure regularly and eat
food that keeps your heart healthy.

Summarization-

Today we have discussed about the topic under

the following headings-
 Definition
 Etiology or risk factors
Pathophysiology
 Signs & symptoms
 Treatment
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 Preventive measures

Conclusion -
Menopause is a natural part of a woman’s life
cycle and cannot be prevented. However, many
of the symptoms can be managed and
complications prevented by making healthy
lifestyle choices. 

Here are some steps you can take to prevent

menopause symptoms:
 Eat a wholesome and healthy Diet
 Exercise regularly: This often reduces
menopause symptoms and may even
prevent some of the symptoms of
menopause.
 Quit smoking
 Sleep well and if necessary reduce
caffeine to ensure better sleep
 Build bone health: Bone density reduces
because of loss of estrogen. So, make sure
you exercise, eat right and test for bone
density. This will help reduce the risk of
Osteoporosis 
 Heart health: The risk for cardiovascular
disease in women increases after
menopause. Check your blood pressure
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regularly and eat food that keeps your
heart healthy.

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CD000114.10.1002/14651858.CD000114.PMID 12535386.
2. Verp MS. Prenatal diagnosis of genetic disorder. In GleicherN., ed. Principles and practices of medical therapy in pregnancy 2nd
ed. Norwalk, CT: Appleton and Lange, 1992:159-70.
3. CDC. Chorionic villus sampling Meeting. Federal Register 1994,59:8994.
4. D.C. DUTTA. Text book of obstetric including perinatology and contraception. 6th Edition 2004, NEW CENTERAL BOOK
AGENCY(p) ltd.8/1 chintamonidaslane, calcutta 700009(India).