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    Abdomen.: Moore, Keith. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Seventh Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore. 2014

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    Paola Solarte Chicaiza
    1. The abdomen contains the abdominal organs and is bounded by the diaphragm superiorly, pelvis inferiorly, and anterolateral musculo-aponeurotic wall. 2. The abdominal cavity contains organs of the alimentary, urinary, and reproductive systems. 3. The document proceeds to describe the anatomy of the anterior and posterior abdominal walls, abdominal viscera including the liver, stomach, intestines, and vasculature of the abdomen.

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    Abdomen.: Moore, Keith. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Seventh Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore. 2014

    Uploaded by

    Paola Solarte Chicaiza
    68 views58 pages
    1. The abdomen contains the abdominal organs and is bounded by the diaphragm superiorly, pelvis inferiorly, and anterolateral musculo-aponeurotic wall. 2. The abdominal cavity contains organs of the alimentary, urinary, and reproductive systems. 3. The document proceeds to describe the anatomy of the anterior and posterior abdominal walls, abdominal viscera including the liver, stomach, intestines, and vasculature of the abdomen.

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    1. The abdomen contains the abdominal organs and is bounded by the diaphragm superiorly, pelvis inferiorly, and anterolateral musculo-aponeurotic wall. 2. The abdominal cavity contains organs of the alimentary, urinary, and reproductive systems. 3. The document proceeds to describe the anatomy of the anterior and posterior abdominal walls, abdominal viscera including the liver, stomach, intestines, and vasculature of the abdomen.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    68 views58 pages

    Abdomen.: Moore, Keith. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Seventh Edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore. 2014

    Uploaded by

    Paola Solarte Chicaiza
    1. The abdomen contains the abdominal organs and is bounded by the diaphragm superiorly, pelvis inferiorly, and anterolateral musculo-aponeurotic wall. 2. The abdominal cavity contains organs of the alimentary, urinary, and reproductive systems. 3. The document proceeds to describe the anatomy of the anterior and posterior abdominal walls, abdominal viscera including the liver, stomach, intestines, and vasculature of the abdomen.

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    of 58

    ABDOMEN.

    Moore, Keith. Clinically Oriented Anatomy. Seventh Edition. Lippincott


    Williams & Wilkins. Baltimore. 2014.
    ABDOMEN.

    Is the part of body between the thorax and the pelvis.

    Containment of the abdominal organs and their content


    is provided by musculo-aponeurotic Wall anterolaterally,
    the diaphragm superiorly and muscles of pelvis inferiorly.
    ABDOMINOPELVIC
    CAVITY.
    • Continuous cavity between
    thoracic diaphragm and pelvic
    diaphragm.

    • Organs of alimentary system,


    urinary system and reproductive
    system.
    ABDOMINAL
    REGIONS.
    • Hipocondrio derecho.
    • Hipocondrio izquierdo.
    • Flanco derecho.
    • Flanco izquierdo.
    • Fosa iliaca derecha.
    • Fosa iliaca izquierda.
    • Epigastrio.
    • Mesogastrio.
    • Hipogastrio.
    MUSCLES OF ANT
    ABDOMINAL WALL.
    MUSCLES OF ANT
    ABDOMINAL WALL.

    Rectus abdominis.

    Linea alba.
    NERVES OF ANT
    ABDOMINAL WALL.
    ARTERIES, LYNPHATICS AND VEINS OF
    ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
    ARTERIES OF ANTERIOR ABDOMINAL WALL
    FASCIA AND MUSCLES
    OF POSTERIOR
    ABDOMINAL WALL
    NERVES OF
    POSTERIOR
    ABDOMINAL WALL
    • Lumbar spinal nerves.
    • L1-L5.
    • Lumbar plexus nerves.
    • Femoral nerve (L2-L4).
    • Obturator nerve (L2-L4).
    • Lumbosacral trunk (L4-L5).
    • Ilio-inguinal and iliohypograstric
    nerves (L1).
    • Genitofemoral nerve (L1-L2).
    • Lateral cutaneus of thigh (L2-L3).
    • Accesory obturator nerve (L3-L4).
    ABDOMINAL
    AORTA
    • Abdominal branches.
    • Celiac.
    • Superior mesenteric.
    • Inferior mesenteric.
    • Suprarenal.
    • Renal.
    • Gonadal
    • Subcostal.
    • Inferior phrenic.
    • Lumbar.
    VEINS OF ABDOMINAL
    POSTERIOR WALL.
    • Collects poorly oxygenated
    blood from lower limbs and non
    portal blood from the abdomen
    and pelvis.

    • Almost all the blood from the


    gastrointestinal tract is collected
    by the hepatic portal system and
    passes through the hepatic veins
    to cava vein.
    LYNPHATIC VESSELS AND LYMPH NODES OF
    ABDOMINAL POSTERIOR WALL.
    PERITONEUM AND PERITONEAL CAVITY.
    Is a continuous, glistering and • Parietal peritoneum.
    slippery transparent serous Lines the internal surface of the
    membrane. It lines the abdominopelvic wall.
    abdominopelvic cavity and invest the
    viscera. • Visceral peritoneum.
    Invest viscera such a stomach and
    intestines.
    Consist en two continuous layers:
    parietal and visceral peritoneum.

    Both layers consist of mesothelium, a


    layer of squamuos epithelial cells.
    PERITONEUM AND PERITONEAL CAVITY.
    PERITONEUM AND PERITONEAL CAVITY.
    Parietal peritoneum. Visceral peritoneum.
    Is served by the same blood, And the organs are covers and
    lymphatics vasculatures and served by the same blood and
    somatic nerves as is the regions of lymphatics vasculature and
    the wall lines. Likes overlying skin, visceral nerves supply.
    lining the interior of body wall is Is insensitive to touch, heat and
    sensitive to pressure, pain, heat cold, and lacerations. It´s
    and cold and laceration. stimulated primarily by stretching
    Pain is well localized except that and chemical irritation.
    on the interior Surface of the The pain is poorly localized.
    central part of the diaphragm.
    THE RELATIONSHIP OF VISCERA TO THE
    PERITONEUM IS A FOLLOWS.
    • Intraperitoneal organs. Home work.
    • Completely covered organs.

    Comparative table of
    • Extraperitoneal organs. abdominopelvics organs and
    • Retroperitoneal organs. relationship to the peritoneum.
    • Subperitoneal organs.

    • Outside the peritoneal cavity.


    • Partially covered
    ABDOMINAL VISCERA.
    ABDOMINAL VISCERA.
    ABDOMINAL VISCERA.

    Arterial supply.

    Venous
    drainage.
    SUMMARY OF
    INNERVATION OF
    ABDOMINAL VISCERA.
    Sympathetic innervation.

    • Abdominopelvic splanchnic
    nerves.

    Parasympathetic
    innervation.

    • Vagus nerve.
    • Pelvic splanchnic nerves.
    ESOPHAGUS.
    Is a muscular tube.
    25 cm long and 2 cm diameter.
    Conveys food from pharynx to
    stomach.
    Has three constrictions:
    Cervical constriction (15 cm from
    the incisor teeth).
    Thoracic constrictions. (22,5 to 27,5
    cm).
    Diaphragmatic constrictions (40 cm)
    ESOPHAGUS.
    Abdominal part only 1,25 cm.
    Passes from esophageal hiatus to
    the cardial orifice of the stomach
    esophagogastric junction (Z-line)
    • Artery supply
    • left gastric artery and left inferior
    phrenic artery
    • Venous drienage to the portal
    system through the left gastric
    vein and esophagus veins
    entering the azygos vein.
    STOMACH.
    • Part of the digestive tract
    between esophagus and small
    intestine.
    • Is specialized for chemical and
    mechanically pepares for
    digestions and passage to the
    duodenum.
    • It is capable of considerable
    expansion and can hold 2-3 lt.
    STOMACH.
    • Cardia.
    • Surrounding the cardial orifice.
    • Is the superior opening.
    • Fundus.
    • Dilated superior part, related to
    the left dome of diaphragm.
    • Body.
    • Major part, between the fundus
    and pyloric antrum.
    • Pyloric part.
    • Pyloric antrum, pyloric canal and
    pylorus.
    STOMACH.

    Lesser curvature.

    • Shorter concave right


    border.

    Greater curvature.

    • Longer convex left


    border of the stomach.
    STOMACH.

    Internal view.

    Radiological view.
    RELATIONS OF STOMACH.
    Anteriorly.
    • Is related to diaphragm, left
    lobe of liver and anterior wall of
    abdomen.

    Posteriorly.
    • Omental bursa and pancreas.

    Inferiorly.
    • Transverse colon.
    ARTERIES AND VEINS OF STOMACH.
    SMALL INTESTINE.

    Primary site of Duodenum. 25 cm apx.


    absorption of nutrients
    from ingested. • Superior. 5 cm.
    • Descending. 7-10 cm.
    • Inferior. 6-8 cm.
    • Ascending. 5 cm.

    Three part: duodenum, Jejunum and ileum. 6-7


    jejunum and ileum. mt.
    • Jejunum 2/5
    • Ileum 3/5
    SMALL INTESTINE.
    JEJUNUM AND
    DUODENUM.
    ILEUM.
    Arteries. Arteries.
    • Gastroduodenal artery. • Superior mesenteric artery.
    • Sup pancreaticoduodenal artery. • Jejunal and ileal arteries.
    • Inf pancreaticoduodenal artery.
    Veins.
    Veins. • Superior mesenteric vein, ends into
    • Portal vein. splenic veins to form hepatic portal
    • Superior mesenteric vein. vein.
    • Splenic vein.
    Lymphatic vessels.
    Lymphatic vessels. • Juxta intestinal, mesenteric and sup
    • Sup mesenteric lymphs nodes. central nodes.

    Nerves. Nerves.
    • Vagus and splachnic nerves. • Superior mesenteric nerve plexus.
    LARGE INTESTINE.
    • Where chyme is converting it
    semilisolid stool or feces that is
    stored temporaly until
    defecation.

    • Cecum and apendix.


    • Colon.
    • Rectum.
    • Anal canal.
    LARGE INTESTINE.

    Cecum and apendix.

    Colon.

    Rectum and anal canal.


    ARTERY SUPPLY OF LARGE INTESTINE.
    SPLEEN.
    • Is located into left
    hypocondrium.
    • Is a largest of lymphatic organ.
    • Very vulnerable abdominal
    organ.
    • Relations are:
    • Anteriorly the stomach.
    • Posteriorly the left part of
    diaphragm.
    • Inferiorly the left colic flexure.
    • Medially the left kidney.
    ARTERY SUPPLY AND VENOUS DRAINAGE OF
    SPLEEN.

    Splenic artery. Splenic vein.


    PANCREAS.
    • Accessory digestive gland.
    • The pancreas produce:
    • Exocrine secretion.
    • Endocrine secretion.
    • Divided in 4 part:
    • Head.
    • Neck.
    • Body.
    • Tail.
    • Pancreatic duct:
    • Main pancreatic duct.
    • Accessory pancreatic duct.
    ARTERY SUPPLY AND
    VENOUS DRAINAGE
    OF PANCREAS.
    •Artery supply
    • Pancreatic artery.
    • Branches of
    gastroduodenal and
    superior mesenteric.
    •Venous drainage.
    • Pancreatic veins.
    • Splenic and sup
    mesenteric part of portal
    system.
    LIVER.
    • The larger gland of the body, it
    weighs 1500 gr.

    • Liver do many metabolic


    activities, store glycogen and
    secrets bile throught biliar duct
    to gallbladder and duodenum.

    • Surfaces and potential spaces of


    liver.
    LIVER.
    •Anatomical lobes.
    •Right lobe
    • Caudate lobe.
    • Quadrate lobe.
    •Left lobe.

    •Functional subdivision.
    •Segments I–VIII.
    LIVER.
    VESSELS OF LIVER.
    • Dual blood supply.
    • Hepatic portal vein brings
    75-80% blood supply.
    • Carries all nutrients, except lipids.
    • Sup mesenteric and splenic veins
    posterior neck of pancreas.
    • Hepatic artery brings 20-25%
    blood supply.
    • Common hepatic artery.
    • Hepatic artery proper.
    VESSELS OF LIVER.
    • Dual blood supply.
    • Hepatic portal vein brings
    75-80% blood supply.
    • Carries all nutrients, except lipids.
    • Sup mesenteric and splanic veins
    posterior neck of pancreas.
    • Hepatic artery brings 20-25%
    blood supply.
    • Common hepatic artery.
    • Hepatic artery proper.
    VESSELS OF LIVER.
    •Blood draining by hepatic
    veins.
    • Right.
    • Middle.
    • Left.

    •Open to the inferior cava


    vein just inferior to the
    diaphragm.
    BILIARY DUCTUS AND GALLBLADDER.
    •Biliar ducts.
    • Right and left hepatic ducts.
    • Common hepatic duct.
    • Cystic duct.
    • Common bile duct.
    •Gallbladder.
    • Neck.
    • Body.
    • Fundus.
    BILIARY DUCTUS AND GALLBLADDER.
    •Artery supply
    • Cyctic artery arises from right
    hepatic artery (75%).

    •Vein drainage.
    • Multiple vein enter the liver
    directly or drain through
    portal system to the liver.
    HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN AND PORTAL SYSTEM
    ANASTOMOSES.
    • Hepatic portal vein.
    • Superior and inferior
    mesenteric veins.
    • Splenic vein.

    • Anterior to inferior cava vein.


    • Posterior to neck of pancreas.
    • Divides into right and left
    branches goes into liver.
    KIDNEYS, URETERS AND
    SUPRARRENAL GLANDS
    • The kidneys produce urine that
    is conveyed by the ureters to the
    urinary bladder.

    • The superomedial aspect of each


    kidneys normally contact a
    suprarrenal gland.
    KIDNEYS, URETERS AND SUPRARRENAL
    GLANDS
    KIDNEYS, URETERS AND
    SUPRARRENAL GLANDS
    • Renal veins is anterior to renal
    artery, which is anterior to the
    renal pelvis.

    • The superior urinary organs,


    their vessels, and suprarrenal
    gland are retroperitoneal
    structures
    KIDNEYS, URETERS AND SUPRARRENAL
    GLANDS
    • Are muscular ducts (25-30 cm
    long).

    • They run inferiorly from the


    apices of the renal pelvis and
    enter the urinary bladder.
    • Cortex:
    • Secretes corticosteroids and
    SUPRARRENAL
    androgens hormones GLANDS
    • Medulla:
    • Mass of nervous tissue related
    sympathetic system. Secretes
    catecholamines: adrenalina and
    noradrenalina that activate by
    stress.
    • Artery supply:
    • Superior suprarrenal artery.
    • From inf phrenic artery.
    • Middle suprarrenal artery.
    • From abdominal aorta.
    • Inferior suprarrenal artery.
    • From renal artery.
    INNERVATION OF
    ABDOMINAL VISCERA.
    • Sympathetic innervation.
    • Abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves.
    • Lumbar splanchnic nerves.

    • Parasympathetic innervation.
    • Vagus nerve (CN X)
    • Pelvic splanchnic nerves (sacral).
    DIAPHRAGM.
    Doble domed
    musculotendinous
    partition separating
    the thorax and
    abdominal cavities.
    • Muscular part.
    • Central tendon.
    • Apertures:
    • Caval opening.
    • Esophageal hiatus.
    • Aortic hiatus.
    DIAPHRAGM.

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