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Dudhikalmi (Ipomoea alba) A Less Exploited Nutritive Plant-A Reassessment

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DOI: 10.21276/ijpbs.2020.10.3.4

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 International Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences-IJPBSTM (2020) 10 (3): 19-24
Online ISSN: 2230-7605, Print ISSN: 2321-3272
Review Article | Pharmaceutical Sciences | OA Journal | MCI Approved | Index Copernicus

Dudhikalmi (Ipomoea alba) A Less Exploited

Nutritive Plant- A Reassessment
Rauniyar.N* and Srivastava.D**
*Research scholar, **Assistant Professor, Department of Botany, Deen Dayal
Upadhyay, Gorakhpur university, Gorakhpur, India.

Received: 14 Mar 2020 / Accepted: 12 Apr 2020 / Published online: 01 Jul 2020
*Corresponding Author Email: [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract
The largest species of genus Ipomoea normally known as morning glories predominates in family
Convolvulaceae which is known to occupy major tropical and subtropical regions of the world.
The consumption of different species of Ipomoea has been reported since the traditional times
and their use as medicine is also an orthodox. Ipomoea alba being highly rich in nutrients is
widely used as raw or cooked vegetables in different regions of biosphere as it helps to heal
certain unreliable happenings such as snake bites, filariasis, constipation, boils and wounds, also
it overcomes obesity, used as antioxidant etc. Highlighting the essential feature of Ipomoea alba
along with how its use is practised all over the world and focus on its medicinal importance is
main aim of this review paper.

Keywords
Ipomoea alba, nutrition, filariasis, chloroform.
*****

INTRODUCTION activation and detoxification of carcinogens or even

World food trade deals largely with important food by controlling the processes that changes the course
crops such as vegetables and due to diverse climatic of tumor cells. All vegetables offer shield to humans
condition of different places in world it ensures the from chronic diseases (Dias, 2012). The vegetables
consumption of vegetables across the year with being source of biomolecules and nutraceuticals
great variations in it. Hominoid diet has a special role contributes a lot in combating the problem of
played by the vegetables as they are highly rich in malnutrition all across the globe.
minerals like phosphorus, iron, proteins, various Vegetables serves as the source of nutritional fuel for
vitamins like A, B, C, K and are part of human the body as ‘Eat veggies’ is the mantra we regularly
population since several years. Vegetables serves as listen from doctors this can be forsured as the
a source to prevent several diseases and maintain doctors of the future will no longer cure the people
good human health by repairing body with the help frame with drugs, but rather will treat and prevent
of several ingredient present in it. Several illnesses diseases with nutrition is truly said by Thomas
such as gastrointestinal health, weak eyesight, Edison. The exact nutrition in humans could be
chances of heart disease, strokes, chronic diseases accomplished either by raw or cooked vegetables
such as some form of cancer and diabetes can be which provides with amount of essentials that are
easily cured by consuming the vegetables which are required by the human body. Dieticians always
highly nutritious and has high fibrous content. Some suggest to supplement body with good amount of
photochemicals of the vegetables are strong veggies one of the such veggie is Ipomoea alba which
antioxidant which are thought to eliminate the risk is consumed all over the world in form of vegetable
of chronic illness by increasing resistance against the is known to be source of various minerals and
free radical impairment by changing metabolic biomolecules such as Ipalbine and Ipalbidine,

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21276/ijpbs.2020.10.3.4 Rauniyar. N* and Srivastava. D 19

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Int J Pharm Biol Sci.

alkaloids, flavonoids which are considered to play Origin

essential role in maintaining human health. This species is Indigenous to Tropical and Subtropical
Ipomoea alba L (moon vine) native to tropical locations of the New World.
America member of family Convolvulaceae is a night Naturalized Circulation
blooming morning glory. (McDonald, 1994). In India, Myanmar, Bangladesh (Bandarban,
Mexico, treatment of paralysis as well as swollen Chittagong, Cox’s bazar, Manikganj, Pabna and
tissue treatment is done by the decoction of the Rajshahi district etc). Moon Vine is native to
leaves of Ipomoea alba (Lim, 2014). American tropics, but it was naturalized in many
Latin name- Ipomoea alba L. places where it was introduced.
Habit- Herb, annual vine.
Habitat- Waste places, along roadsides and Jungles.
Ripening and Blossoming – Throughout the year it
flourishes well.
Chromosome number- 2n=30
Similar species: Ipomoea grandiflora Roxb., Ipomoea
longiflora, Ipomoea noctiflora.
Morphological appearance
The flowers unwrap at night and are up to 6 inches
(15 cm) across with a slender, equally long floral
Synonyms tube. The flowers made of 5 sepals, corolla lobes
Calonyction aculeatum (L.) House, being 5 in number and are rounded, and a pale
Calonyction aculeatum var. lobatum (Hallier f.), greenish yellow 5-pointed "star" radiating from the
C.Y. Wu, centre of the floral tube. Although they are night-
Calonyction album (L.) House, blooming, the hefty, magnificent white flowers are
Calonyction bona-nox (L.) Bojer, easy to advert if any moonlight is available. They
Calonyction bona-nox var. lobatum Hallier f., have greenish leaf which are heart shaped,
Calonyction pulcherrimum Parodi, sometimes 3-lobed and alternate. The stems of the
Calonyction speciosum Choisy, plant are green and twining.
Convolvulus aculeatus L., Physiognomies:
Convolvulus bonanox (L.) Kuntze, • The flowers shine in the moonlight and have a
Convolvulus bonanox (L.) Spreng., delightful evening fragrance.
Convolvulus pulcherrimus vell., • The name moonflower derives from their
Ipomoea aculeata (L.) Kuntze, blooming in the evening and their being round
Ipomoea aculeata var. bona-nox (L.) Kuntze, in shape like a full moon.
Ipomoea bona-nox L. Bioactive compounds known
Family Alkaloids, Anthraquinones, Anthracene glycosides,
Convolvulaceae Cardenolides Leucoanthocyanin, flavonoids,
Local name polyoses Simple phenolics and saponin. Indolizidine
Dudhikalmi, Chandra pushpa, Munda-Valli, alkaloids were attained from the seeds of I. alba such
Gulchandi, Naganamukkorai, Naagaramukkatte. as ipalbine ipalbidine, isoipomine, ipalbidinium,
English name dimethoxyipomine E-ipomine, Z-ipomine,
Evening glory, Giant moonflower, Good night flower, methoxyipomine, and ipohardine (Ikhiri et al., 1987;
Moon flower vine, Moonvine, Prickly Ipomoea, Gourley et al., 1969). Ipalbidine owns nonaddictive
Tropical white morning glory, White morning glory, pain-relieving properties (Honda et al., 2003; Wang
White flowered morning glory. & Chu, 1996). Moreover, it showed hindrance on
Vernacular name respiratory burst of leukocytes and foraged oxygen-
Maanblom (Africa), Boa-Noite, Flor-Da-Lua, free radicals (Chen & Chu, 1998). Calystegines A5, B1
Jetirana-Branca (Brazil), Kran-Hing (Burma), Yue and B2 were attained from the herbal material and
Guang Hua, Yuck Kuang Hua (China), Liane Bla roots of Ipomoea alba (Schimming et al., 1998;
(French), Mondblute WeiBe Prunkwinde (Germany), 2005). Calystegines B1 and B2 are known to be
Koali Pehu (Hawaiian), Yukai-So, Yoru-Gao (Japan), powerful inhibitors of rat lysosomal β-glucosidase
Camotillo, Haapolin, Nicua, Oracion (Spain/Mexico), (Haraguchi et al., 2003).
Manvinda (Sweden), Ban Duek, Dok Phra Chan (Thai), The presence of resin glycosides is one of the
Bim Trang (Vietnam). characteristic Property of Ipomoea alba, the
amalgam of oligosaccharides of monohydroxy and

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Int J Pharm Biol Sci.

dihydroxy C-14 and C-16 fatty acid is known as Resin fleshy calyces – cooked, Steamed and consumed as a
Glycosides and there are 11 kind of resin glycosides vegetable or used in curries, soups, stews etc. They
reported in this species which was detected by can also be dried for later use. Seed - eaten when
reverse phase HPLC-RI method. HPLC along with young.
mass spectroscopy helps in detection and
identification of known and novel multidrugs Nutritional Evaluation:
resistant glycolipid constrains from the complex resin Nutrient per 100gm of fresh tissue: [5]
glycosides. Sr.No Nutrients Per 100gm
The 11 kind of resin glycosides are as follows stated 1 Moisture content 66.45%
in figure 1 as (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11) [20] 2 Crude Protein 2.25gm
Albinoside X Non cytotoxic with moderate 3 Ascorbic acid 2.44gm
activity. 4 Lycoprene 10.67gm
Albinoside XI Moderate activity with various 5 Chlorophyll
Carcinoma cell lines including Chlorophyll a 9.65mg
MCF-7/vin+ cells. Chlorophyll b 12.54mg
Albinoside I Non cytotoxic with moderate Total chlorophyll 22.19mg
activity. 6 Reducing sugar 3.9gm
Albinoside II Non cytotoxic with moderate 7 Non reducing sugar 8.4gm
activity. 8 Total phenol 3.9gm
Albinoside III - 9 Starch 0.43gm
Albinoside IV -
Albinoside V Non cytotoxic with moderate Per Nutrients 100gm of dry tissue. [5]
activity. Sr. No Nutrients Per 100gm
Albinoside VI Non cytotoxic with moderate 1 Ascorbic acid 1.36mg
activity. 2 Crude fat. 0.64%
Albinoside VII - 3 Crude protein. 3.54gm
Albinoside - 4 Non reducing sugar 10.2gm
VIII 5 Reducing sugar 4.2gm
Albinoside IX - 6 Starch 0.623gm
7 Total Phenol 4.6gm
HPLC-MS profiling helped-
: To record the fragmentation pattern of each eluted Remedial uses:
fraction and pure compound. • The whole herb is used in treating snakebite.
: In identification of novel compound as I and II as • Root bark of I.alba purgative and leaves used in
well as known compound III- XI. filariasis . The plant contains pentasaccharide
Fig 1: HPLC Chromatogram for the resin glycosides glucoside of ethyl-11-hydroxyhexadecanoate.
mixture from CHCl3- soluble extract. [20]. The seeds contain ipomine and
dimethoxyipomine.
• The occurrence of alkaloids and flavonoids
make I.alba an antitoxic and antioxidant
aliment.
• Hypoglycemic activity of I.alba is due to
occurrence of anthracene glycosides.
• This species of Ipomoea is also known to cure
constipation, boils, wounds.
• Resin glycosides are potential constraints of
multidrug efflux pumps in mammalian cancer
cells.
• In Cameroonian tradition Ipomoea alba is used
as an antidiabetic agent, Laxative and also
Improves breast milk quality and helps in losing
Palatable Uses: weight.
This species of Ipomoea is mainly used as vegetable • Antibacterial and antifungal activity along with
in many locations of the biosphere. Fresh leaves and chloroform.

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 ISSN: 2230-7605 (Online); ISSN: 2321-3272 (Print)
Int J Pharm Biol Sci.

technique in a 96well microplate and for the

Place Used as cancerous cell IC50 were determined. It was
Cameroon Antidiabetic, Improves breast witnessed that according to the MIC strong
milk quality, weight loss. anibacterial and antifungal activity of Ipomoea alba
China Remedy for snakebites against E.faecalis and B.cereus and also strong
India Headache cytotoxic activity against MDA-MB-231 (breast
Nigeria Vegetables tumor cell) was observed.
Sierra Leone Soups and Curries
Bioactivity assay [7] Ipomoea alba
Additional uses: Antibacterial activity
The Mesoamerican civilizations procedured Ipomoea Baccilus cereus 19.5
alba to transform the latex from the Castilla elastica Enterococcus faecalis 19.5
tree to yield bouncing rubber balls. The sulphur in Staphylococcus aureus 625
this morning glory assisted in cross-linking the E. coli 1250
rubber, a process pre-existing Charles Goodyear's Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1250
finding of vulcanization by at least 3,000 years. Salmonella typhimurium 1250
Recent Research: Serratia marescens 1250
From Seeds of I.alba, albinosides X and XI were Antifungal
disinfected by salvaging liquid chromatography and Aspergillus niger 312
their structural clarification was undertaken by Candida albicans 1250
nuclear magnetic resonance. Albinoside XI exerted a Cryptococcus neoformans 156
resilient potentiation of vinblastine liability in Cytotoxicity
multidrug-resistant human breast carcinoma cells. Hs578T -
MDA-MB-231 35.72 (±1.86)

Role of Ipomoea alba in Adipogenesis.

The role of Adipogenesis in I.alba could be
significantly studied by the action of inhibiting
triglycerides accumulation in the early phase of
adipogenesis. The reduction in the activity of
glycerol-3-phosphate significantly and PPARγ and
C/EBPα mRNA level helps greatly in reducing the
accumulation of Lipids as this species of Ipomoea
contains the natural substance which is potentially
suitable for reducing obesity via helping in reduction
in Lipid gathering in body.
Fig 2. Effect of ethanolic extract of Ipomoea alba on
GPDH activity and glycerol release. [11]

Structure of albinosides X and XI [20] 2.(A) GPDH activity was measured after 9 days of
Antifungal and Antibacterial activity of Ipomoea treatment with different doses of Ipomoea alba
alba. extract. 2.(B) Effect of Ipomoea alba extract on
On the cold extraction of grounded seeds of Ipomoea lipolysis, post confluent Preadipocytes were
alba along with chloroform three fungus and several differentiated for 14days then treated for 24h with
bacteria were known to culture for several 200 and 300µg/ml of Ipomoea alba. [11]
generation to determine their mimimal inhibitory
concentration (MIC) using broth microdilution

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Fig 3. Effect of ethanolic extract of Ipomoea alba on 6. Rajia sultana, Mahbubur Rahman (2016).
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