Wolkite University: 3 Year Computer Science HCI

3rd year Computer Science
HCI
WOLKITE UNIVERSITY
COLLAGE OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS
DEPATMENT OF COMPUTR SCIENCE
HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION
INDIVISUAL ASSIGNMENT
NAME ID
MUHAJIR CIR/075/11 submitted to lec kemal
Submission date: -July 29, 2021 1

HCI
1 Suggest ideas for an interface which uses the properties of sound

effectively .
Speech sounds and non-speech sounds can both be used to convey
information. Suggest ideas for an interface which uses the properties of sound
effectively.Speech sounds can obviously be used to convey information. This
is useful not only for the visually impaired but also for any application where
the user’s attention has to be divided (for example, power plant control, flight
control etc.). Uses of non-speech sounds include:
Attention — to attract the user’s attention to a critical situation or to the end of
a process for example. Status information — continuous background sounds
can be used to convey status information. For example, monitoring the
progress of a process (without the need for visual attention).
Confirmation — a sound associated with an action to confirm that the action
has been carried out. For example, associating a sound with deleting a file.
Navigation—using changing sound to indicate where the user is in a system.
For example, what about sound to support navigation in hypertext?
2 What input and output devices would you use for the following systems? For
each compare and contrast alternatives, and if appropriate indicate why the
conventional keyboard, mouse and c.r.t screen may be less suitable.
a) portable word processor
The determining factors are size, weight and battery power. However, remember the
purpose, this is a word processor not an address book or even data entry device.
LCD screen —low power requirement
Trackball or stylus for pointing

HCI
Real keyboard – you can’t word process without a reasonable keyboard and stylus
handwriting recognition is not good enough.
Small, low power bubble-jet printer — although not always necessary, this makes the
package stand alone. It is probably not so necessary that the printer have large battery
capacity as printing can probably wait until a power point is found.
b) Tourist information system

This is likely to be in a public place. Most users will only visit the system once, so the
information and mode of interaction must be immediately obvious.
Touch screen only — easy and direct interaction for first time users .
NO mice or styluses—in a public place they wouldn’t stay long!
c) tractor-mounted crop-spraying controller.

A hostile environment with plenty of mud and chemicals. Requires numerical input for
flow rates etc., but probably no text.
Touch sensitive keypad —, ordinary keypads would get gunged up.
Small dedicated LED display (LCD often can’t be read in sunlight and large screens
are fragile.
Again no mice or styluses—they would get lost.
d) Air traffic control system

The emphasis is on immediately available information and rapid interaction. The
controller cannot afford to spend time searching for information, all frequently used
information must be readily available.
Several specialized displays — including overlays of electronic information on radar.
Light pen or stylus—high precision direct interaction.
Keyboard —for occasional text input, but consider making it fold out of the way.

HCI
e) worldwide personal communications system

Basically a super mobile phone! If is to be kept on hand all the time it must be very
light and pocket sized. However, to be a ‘communications’ system one would imagine
that it should also act as a personnel address/telephone book etc.
Standard telephone keypad—the most frequent use
Small dedicated LCD display —low power, specialized functions.
Possibly stylus for interaction — it allows relatively rich interaction with the address
book software, but little space.
A ‘docking’ facility — the system itself will be too small for a full sized keyboard (!),
but you won’t want to enter in all your addresses and telephone numbers by stylus!
f) digital cartographic system
This calls for very high precision input and output facilities. It is similar to CAD in
terms of the screen facilities and printing, but in addition will require specialized data
capture.
Large high resolution color VDU (20 inch or bigger) — these tend to be enormously
big (from back to front). LCD screens, although promising far thinner displays in the
long term, cannot at present be made large enough.
Digitizing tablet—for tracing data on existing paper maps. It could also double up as a
pointing device for some interaction.
Possibly thumbwheels—for detailed pointing and positioning tasks.
Large format printer — indeed VERY large an A2 or A1 plotter at minimum.
3. How do you think new, fast, high-density memory devices and quick
processors have influenced

HCI
recent developments in HCI?
Do they make systems any easier to us? Do they expand the range of applications
of computer systems?
Answer
Arguably it is not so much the increase in computer power as the decrease in the
cost of that power which has had the most
profound effect. Because, ‘ordinary’ users have powerful machines on their

desktops it has become possible to view that
power as available for the interface rather than hoarded for number crunching
applications.
Modern graphical interaction consume vastamounts of processing power and

would have been completely impossible
only a few years ago. There is an extent to which systems have to run faster to stay
still, in that as screen size, resolution
and colour range increase, so does the necessary processing power to maintain the
‘same’ interaction. However, this
extra processing is not really producing the same effect, screen quality is still a
major block on effective interaction.
The increase in RAM means that larger programs can be written, effectively
allowing the programmer ‘elbow room’. This is
used in two ways: to allow extra functionality and to support easier interaction.
Whether the former really improves usability

HCI
is debatable — unused functionality is a good marketing point, but is of no benefit

to the user. The ease of use of a system is
often determined by a host of small features, such as the appropriate choice of

default options. These features make the
interface seem ‘simple’, but make the program very complex …and large.
Certainly the availability of ‘elbow room’, both in terms of memory and processing
power, has made such features possible.
The increase in both short term (RAM)and long term(disks and optical storage) has
also removed many of the arbitrary
limits in systems: it is possible to edit documents of virtually unlimited size and to

treat the computer (suitably backed up) as one’s primary information repository
Some whole new application areas have become possible because of advances in
memory and processing. For example, most
applications of multi-media, for example voice recognition and online storage and
capture of video and audio, require
enormous amounts of processing and/or memory. In particular, large optical

storage devices have been the key to electronic
document storage whereby all paper documents are scanned and stored within a
computer system. In some contexts such
systems have completely replaced paper based filing cabinets
4. What influence does the social environment in which you work have on
your interaction with the

HCI
computer?
What effect does the organization (commercial or academic) to which you belong
have on the interaction?
Answer
The aim of this exercise is to get the student to explore the social and
environmental influences which effect interaction,
often without the user being aware of them. The particular influences will vary
from environment to environment but the
student should be
Encouraged to consider some or all of the following.
 Work context - Is the work place shared? Are the machines shared?
 Peer pressure - Is there pressure to compete or impress?
 Management pressure - Is there pressure to achieve? Is the interaction carried

out in the presence of management?
 Motivation - What motivates the interaction? Does this encourage or discourage

experimentation?
 Organizational goals - What is the objective of the organization? (Profit?

education? etc.) How does this affect the
interaction?
 Organizational decision making - Who determines the systems that you use? Do
you have any choice or influence? Does this
influence the way you interact with the system?

HCI
In each case consider what influence there may be on the interaction. It may be
helpful to consider other possible environments
in order to identify how the interaction would differ under these different
circumstances.

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3rd year Computer Science

COLLAGE OF COMPUTING AND INFORMATICS

DEPATMENT OF COMPUTR SCIENCE

HUMAN COMPUTER INTERACTION

Submission date: -July 29, 2021 1

1 Suggest ideas for an interface which uses the properties of sound

Submission date: -July 29, 2021 2

b) Tourist information system

c) tractor-mounted crop-spraying controller.

d) Air traffic control system

Submission date: -July 29, 2021 3

e) worldwide personal communications system

Submission date: -July 29, 2021 4

recent developments in HCI?

profound effect. Because, ‘ordinary’ users have powerful machines on their

Modern graphical interaction consume vastamounts of processing power and

Submission date: -July 29, 2021 5

is debatable — unused functionality is a good marketing point, but is of no benefit

often determined by a host of small features, such as the appropriate choice of

limits in systems: it is possible to edit documents of virtually unlimited size and to

enormous amounts of processing and/or memory. In particular, large optical

systems have completely replaced paper based filing cabinets

Submission date: -July 29, 2021 6

Encouraged to consider some or all of the following.

 Peer pressure - Is there pressure to compete or impress?

 Management pressure - Is there pressure to achieve? Is the interaction carried

 Motivation - What motivates the interaction? Does this encourage or discourage

 Organizational goals - What is the objective of the organization? (Profit?

influence the way you interact with the system?

Submission date: -July 29, 2021 7

Submission date: -July 29, 2021 8

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