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    Session 5 - Linde Hampson Process.

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    SHOBHIT KUMAR
    1) The document describes the simple Linde cycle used for liquefaction of gases. Liquefaction is maximized when the difference between h1 and h2 is maximized. 2) For maximum liquid yield, point 2 on the diagram should occur at the intersection of T1 and the inversion curve of the fluid at pressure p2. 3) The fraction liquefied and figure of merit equations for the simple Linde cycle liquefier are provided. The figure of merit accounts for heat inleak into the system.

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    Session 5 - Linde Hampson Process.

    Uploaded by

    SHOBHIT KUMAR
    147 views7 pages
    1) The document describes the simple Linde cycle used for liquefaction of gases. Liquefaction is maximized when the difference between h1 and h2 is maximized. 2) For maximum liquid yield, point 2 on the diagram should occur at the intersection of T1 and the inversion curve of the fluid at pressure p2. 3) The fraction liquefied and figure of merit equations for the simple Linde cycle liquefier are provided. The figure of merit accounts for heat inleak into the system.

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    Session 5_Linde Hampson Process.

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    1) The document describes the simple Linde cycle used for liquefaction of gases. Liquefaction is maximized when the difference between h1 and h2 is maximized. 2) For maximum liquid yield, point 2 on the diagram should occur at the intersection of T1 and the inversion curve of the fluid at pressure p2. 3) The fraction liquefied and figure of merit equations for the simple Linde cycle liquefier are provided. The figure of merit accounts for heat inleak into the system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    147 views7 pages

    Session 5 - Linde Hampson Process.

    Uploaded by

    SHOBHIT KUMAR
    1) The document describes the simple Linde cycle used for liquefaction of gases. Liquefaction is maximized when the difference between h1 and h2 is maximized. 2) For maximum liquid yield, point 2 on the diagram should occur at the intersection of T1 and the inversion curve of the fluid at pressure p2. 3) The fraction liquefied and figure of merit equations for the simple Linde cycle liquefier are provided. The figure of merit accounts for heat inleak into the system.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 7

    Unit – 1

    Liquefaction Processes

    Air Fractionation & Purification of Gases


    Simple Linde-Hampson Cycle
    The simple Linde cycle may also be used as a liquefier
    for fluids that have an inversion temperature that is
    above ambient temperature. Under such circumstances,
    the refrigeration duty, 𝑄,ሶ is replaced by a draw-off
    stream of mass 𝑚ሶ 𝑓 representing the liquefied mass of
    fluid that is continuously withdrawn from the reservoir.
    Note that under these conditions, only the unliquefied
    mass of fluid is warmed in the counter-current heat
    exchanger and returned to the compressor.
    An energy balance around the heat exchanger, expansion valve, and liquid reservoir
    now results in
    𝑚ℎ
    ሶ 2 = 𝑚ሶ − 𝑚ሶ 𝑓 ℎ1 + 𝑚ሶ 𝑓 ℎ𝑓
    because of the unbalanced flow in the liquefaction system. If we define the fraction
    liquefied in a liquefier as y= 𝑚ሶ 𝑓 /𝑚,ሶ then we can solve above Eq. for the fraction
    liquefied in a simple Linde cycle as
    𝑦 = ℎ1 − ℎ2 / ℎ1 − ℎ𝑓
    where hf is the specific enthalpy of the liquid being withdrawn.
    Liquefaction is maximized when the difference between ℎ1 and ℎ2 is maximized.

    Unit 1: Cryogenic Properties of Air


    Simple Linde-Hampson Cycle
    Since ℎ1 and ℎ𝑓 are generally fixed, this means that
    ℎ2 must be minimized. Mathematically, since 𝑇1 and
    𝑇2 , this means that
    𝜕ℎൗ
    𝜕𝑝 𝑇= 𝑇 = 0
    1
    This is equivalent to saying that the high pressure p2
    which minimizes h2 is the pressure at which the
    Joule-Thomson coefficient is zero for a temperature
    of 𝑇1 .
    In other words, for maximum liquid yield, point 2 on
    Fig. should occur at the intersection of 𝑇1 and the
    inversion curve of the fluid at pressure p2.
    To account for the at inleak, qL, into the system, the
    relation in Eq. needs to be modified to
    𝑦 = ℎ1 − ℎ2 − 𝑞𝐿 / ℎ1 − ℎ𝑓
    with a resultant decrease in the fraction liquefied.

    Unit 1: Cryogenic Properties of Air


    Simple Linde-Hampson Cycle
    The figure of merit for this liquefier, then becomes
    𝑇1 𝑠1 − 𝑠𝑓 − ℎ1 − ℎ𝑓 ℎ1 − ℎ2
    𝐹𝑂𝑀 =
    𝑇1 𝑠1 − 𝑠2 − ℎ1 − ℎ2 ℎ1 − ℎ𝑓

    Unit 1: Cryogenic Properties of Air


    Problem:
    A simple Linde liquefaction system operates between 290 K and 71.9 K and uses
    nitrogen as the working fluid. The gas is isothermally and reversibly compressed
    to 10.1 MPa. The low pressure corresponds to the saturation pressure of liquid
    nitrogen at 71.9 K (0.05 MPa). Assuming ideal heat exchangers and no heat
    inleak to the system, what is the liquid yield and FOM for this liquefier?
    If the simple Linde liquefier had been utilized as a refrigerator, determine the
    refrigeration effect, coefficient of performance, and figure of merit for the
    system.
    Properties of nitrogen from the temperature-entropy diagram are as follows:
    h1(0.05 MPa, 290 K) = 452 kJ/kg
    s1(0.05 MPa, 290 K) = 4.59 kJ/kg-K
    h2(10.1 MPa, 290 K) = 432 kJ/kg
    s2(10.1 MPa, 290 K) = 2.95 kJ/kg-K
    hf(0.05 MPa, 71.9 K) = 18 kJ/kg
    sf(0.05 MPa, 71.9 K) = 0.27 kJ/kg-K

    Unit 1: Cryogenic Properties of Air


    𝑦 = ℎ1 − ℎ2 / ℎ1 − ℎ𝑓

    The figure of merit for this liquefier, then becomes


    𝑇1 𝑠1 − 𝑠𝑓 − ℎ1 − ℎ𝑓 ℎ1 − ℎ2
    𝐹𝑂𝑀 =
    𝑇1 𝑠1 − 𝑠2 − ℎ1 − ℎ2 ℎ1 − ℎ𝑓

    Unit 1: Cryogenic Properties of Air

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