RC9 Instruction Manual For Refrigeration Compressors

RC9
Instruction Manual For Refrigeration Compressors
00.89.221 v003.99.06.en
Grasso
Refrigeration Division
All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be copied or published by means of printing,
photocopying, microfilm or otherwise without prior written consent of Grasso. This restriction also
applies to the corresponding drawings and diagrams.
For extra information as to adjustments, maintenance and repair, contact the Technical Department of
your supplier.
This publication has been written with great care. However, Grasso cannot be held responsible, neither
for any errors occurring in this publication nor for their consequences.
Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v003.99.06.en

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Grasso
SUBJECT ................................................................................................................................................ See page:

1. INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................................. 1.1
2. FUNCTION OF THE COMPRESSOR IN THE REFRIGERATING PLANT........................................... 2.1
3. TECHNICAL DATA
3.1 General technical data.............................................................................................................. 3.1
3.2 Connections and required free space ...................................................................................... 3.2
3.3 Lubrication data........................................................................................................................ 3.4
4. GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE COMPRESSOR
4.1 Compressor housing ................................................................................................................. 4.1
4.2 Cylinders and moving parts...................................................................................................... 4.1
4.3 Rotary shaft seal ....................................................................................................................... 4.2
4.4 Suction and discharge valves.................................................................................................... 4.2
4.5 Valve-lifting mechanism............................................................................................................ 4.3
4.6 Cylinder head cooling ............................................................................................................... 4.3
4.7 Principal connections and suction gas strainer........................................................................ 4.3
4.8 Pressure equalizing line and overflow safety valves ............................................................... 4.3
4.9 Oil pump, filters and control oil system................................................................................... 4.4
4.10 Lubrication system .................................................................................................................. 4.5
5. DESCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF ACCESSORIES
5.1 Pressure gauges ........................................................................................................................ 5.1
5.2 Pressure safety switches ........................................................................................................... 5.1
5.3 Crankcase heating..................................................................................................................... 5.2
5.4 Cylinder head temperature safety device................................................................................ 5.2
5.5 Capacity control
5.5.1 Manually operated capacity control............................................................................... 5.3
5.5.2 Electrically operated capacity control............................................................................. 5.5
5.6 Injection interstage gas cooler ................................................................................................. 5.5
6. OPERATION OF THE COMPRESSOR
6.1 Unloaded starting ..................................................................................................................... 6.1
6.2 Loaded operation of the compressor...................................................................................... 6.1
6.3 Liquid hammer .......................................................................................................................... 6.1
7. STARTING, STOPPING AND ADJUSTMENT OF COMPRESSOR
7.1 Starting the compressor ........................................................................................................... 7.1
7.2 Stopping the compressor ......................................................................................................... 7.1
7.3 Setting of the oil pressure regulator........................................................................................ 7.1
7.4 Setting of pressure safety switches.......................................................................................... 7.3
8. PERIODICAL INSPECTIONS OF THE OPERATING COMPRESSOR
8.1 Survey of periodical inspections (Check list)............................................................................ 8.1
8.2 Explanation to the survey of periodical inspections ............................................................... 8.2
9. COMPRESSOR MAINTENANCE
9.1 Maintenance schedule.............................................................................................................. 9.1
9.2 Lubrication data........................................................................................................................ 9.1
9.3 Topping up oil with compressor operating............................................................................. 9.1
9.4 Evacuation of compressor ........................................................................................................ 9.2
9.5 Draining and change of oil....................................................................................................... 9.2
9.6 Cleaning of oil filters................................................................................................................. 9.2
9.7 Cleaning of the suction gas strainer ........................................................................................ 9.3
9.8 Dismounting, inspection and reassembly of suction and discharge valves ........................... 9.3
9.9 Compressor purging ................................................................................................................. 9.5
10. FAULT FINDING TABLE................................................................................................................. 10.1 & ff
Appendix: STANDARD ILLUSTRATED PARTS LIST........................................................................... 1 - 23
v002.97.10.en Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 Page I

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Grasso
Page II Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v002.97.10.en

1. INTRODUCTION
Grasso
This instruction manual is intended as a guide for

the operating staff in charge of the preventive
maintenance of the compressor. In addition to
data concerning the construction and operation
of the machine, the manual contains operating,
inspection and maintenance instructions which
should necessarily be followed in order to keep
the compressor in the proper state under normal
working conditions.
However, the working conditions of a compressor
largely depend on the type and construction of
the plant of which it forms part. Consequently this
instruction manual can only be regarded as a
guide; it is important that the instructions given by
the installation engineer are observed as well.
Only then can a prolonged and trouble-free
operation of the compressor be guaranteed.
The maintenance instructions are limited to those
operations which can be performed by the
operating staff and for which no specialist
knowledge is needed. Any parts to be replaced
can be ordered on the basis of drawings with
parts lists.
For more specialized repair and overhaul
operations, the installation engineer should be
consulted.
Faults and defects of the refrigeration compressor
should be remedied as soon as possible by
qualified personnel in order to reduce down-time
to a minimum and to prevent damage to the
compressor. The fault-finding table (Chapter 10)
may be used to trace and remedy faults quickly.
It is finally pointed out that in individual cases the
construction of the compressor may differ from
the normal design, in which event the instruction
may no more be applicable at certain specific
points. In such cases it is advisable to consult the
plant manual or contact the installation engineer.
The plant manual referred to above and in other
sections of this instruction manual should be
supplied by the contractor/installer.
v002.97.10.en Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 Page 1.1

1. INTRODUCTION
Grasso
Page 1.2 Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v002.97.10.en

2. FUNCTION OF THE COMPRESSOR
Grasso IN THE REFRIGERATION PLANT
A refrigerating plant is used in cases where a certain

room or certain materials are to be brought up to or
be maintained at a temperature lower than the
ambient temperature. This low temperature is
brought about by the evaporator of the
refrigerating system. In it a liquid refrigerant
evaporates due to its being maintained artificially at
low pressure; the heat required for this evaporation
is withdrawn from the surrounding atmosphere.
The function of the compressor consists in
maintaining this low pressure in the evaporator
and this by continuously sucking the vapour thus
formed from the evaporator. Therefore the name
“suction pump” would have been more
appropriate for this machine. It derives its present
name from the fact that it compresses the sucked
vapour, which thus reaches a high pressure,
thereby strongly increasing in temperature.
However, this high pressure also involves a higher
temperature at which the vapour passes into
liquid. This temperature is above the ambient
temperature; hence it is possible for the
compressed vapour to be condensed on an air or
water cooled surface.
This process takes place in the condenser. The
liquid thus formed is fed from the condenser to
the evaporator again in order to evaporate there
anew. In the line between the two apparatuses, a
liquid regulator is fitted, which ensures that the
right amount of refrigerant flows to the
evaporator and maintains the pressure difference
between condenser and evaporator.
The correct operation of the compressor highly
depends on the rest of the plant. If, for example,
the installation contains too many impurities, the
compressor may get out of order; also, when the
plant itself has been dimensioned, assembled or
installed incorrectly, the result may be
malfunctioning of or damage to the compressor.
In the event of compressor failure, it is therefore
mostly necessary also to seek the causes in the
other elements of the plant or in a shortage or
excess of refrigerant charge.
In general it is essential, therefore, to have on
hand an operating manual of the plant. Only then
will it be possible to report in time any deviations
from the normal operating conditions of the plant
and take prompt action before serious
breakdowns occur.

2. FUNCTION OF THE COMPRESSOR
Grasso IN THE REFRIGERATION PLANT

3. TECHNICAL DATA
Grasso
The range of RC9 refrigeration compressors includes 3-single-stage and 2 two-stage compressor types. All
these types are suitable for the usual refrigerants. The single-stage compressors can also used as booster.
3.1 GENERAL TECHNICAL DATA
Single-stage compressors Two-stage compressors

Compressor type RC29 RC49 RC69 RC219* RC429
Number of cylinders LP 2 4 6 2 4
HP
kg
– – – 1 2
Weight, without flywheel and
accessories 270 370 545 370 545
dm3
Oil charge** in crankcase 3.5 4 8 4 8
*In principle as RC49, less one cylinder, valve assembly, piston and connecting rod.
**For further lubrication data, refer to Chapter 3 and 9 and to lubrication oil table 3.1.
Cylinder bore mm 110
Piston stroke mm 85
Rotational speed min. rev/min 600

max. rev/min 1450
Suction pressure (on pressure gauge) min. bar(e) -0.7
max. bar(e) 6.0
Max. discharge pressure (on pressure gauge) max. bar(e) 21.0
Max. allowable difference between suction and discharge pres- max. bar 17.5
sure
Max. discharge temperature max. °C 170
Max. oil temperature (measured on suction line to oil suction max. °C 70

filter)
Direction of rotation normally counter-

clockwise (faced
against shaft end)
REMARK: bar(e) means gauge pressure

3. TECHNICAL DATA
Grasso
All dimensions in mm

3. TECHNICAL DATA
Grasso
COMPRESSOR MAIN CONNECTIONS OTHER CONNECTIONS

TYPE hole dia. in counter flange in mm for all types
1 2 3 4 5 Suction pressure
6 Crankcase pressure
RC29 ø55 1) ø43 – –
SINGLE
STAGE
7 Discharge pressure connection clamp coupling for

RC49 ø55 2) ø62 – – (single- stage) or interstage pressure 6 x 1 mm steel
connection (two-stage) precision tube
RC69 ø91 ø77 – –
8 Discharge pressure connection
(two-stage)
9 Oil pressure
ø55 1)
STAGE
RC219 ø43 ø43 ø43

TWO-
10 Return oil separator

RC429 ø77 ø62 ø62 ø43
11 Oil temperature 1/2" BSP female
(plugged off)
12 Oil charge and drain valve
1/2" BSP male
1
) O.D. of suction line: ø62 mm 13 Cooling water supply
2
) O.D. of suction line: ø77 mm
14 Crankcase heating 1/2" BSP female
15 Oil leakage drain of rotary with steel precision
shaft seal tube 12 x 1.5 mm

3. TECHNICAL DATA
Grasso
All compressors are provided with an oil pump. The Application of other oils is not permitted without
crankcase oil level must reach about the middle of the written consent of Grasso.
sight glass. The amount of oil charge is shown in table The choice of the viscosity of the lubricating oils
3.1. depends on the operating conditions of the
compressor. In general, a viscosity of 4 to 4.5 E at 50
The lubrication pressure (i.e. the difference between
°C will satisfy.
the oil pressure, measured at the end of the
However, a higher viscosity should be chosen when a
lubricating circuit and the suction pressure) at
high oil temperature is expected, due to arduous
operating temperature is pre-set at a value of 1.5 bar.
operating conditions, such as:
The maximum permissable oil temperature is 70 °C,
• a high ambient temperature of the compressor
which best can be measured at the suction line to the
(high engine room temperature)
oil suction filter with a contact thermometer.
• a more than normal superheat of the refrigerant
The compressor should not be started with an oil
suction vapour;
temperature below 40 °C.
• prolonged part load operation with a large num-
OIL TYPES
ber of cylinders cut out
For lubrication of refrigeration compressors, several For less arduous operating conditions a lower viscosity
brands and types of specially developed lubricating may be used. For strongly varying conditions (e.g. in
oils are on the market. The choice of oil depends not summer & winter), a viscosity of 4.5 E is recommended.
only on its good lubrication properties (viscosity) and To ensure proper lubrication of the compressor moving
chemical stability at the operating conditions of the parts, the actual oil viscosity under all operating
compressor, but also on kind and operating conditions should never be less than 10 to 15 cSt
conditions of the refrigerating plant (solidifying and (= 1.85 to 2.35 °E).
floc point, solvability). As far as the lubrication
IMPORTANT REMARK!
properties are concerned, Grasso has tested and
approved for use in RC9- compressors the brands and All viscosities mentioned relate to pure oil only and it
types of oil as listed in the table on page 3.4. Some of should be kept in mind that the actual viscosity in the
the oil types listed in the table may be marketed crankcase of an operating compressor, which is decisive
under other names and/or designations; these oils for the lubrication, is always lower due to dilution by
can also be used, provided their identity can be dissolved refrigerant. The magnitude of the viscosity
proved beyond any doubt. decrease is not only determined by the type of oil and
refrigerant, but also and essentially by the pressure and
temperature prevailing in the crankcase.
Table 3.1 Oil to be used for lubrication
VISCOSITY
BRAND TYPE at 40 oC at 50 oC
o
cSt mPa.s Engler
Energol LPT-F46 54 29 4.4
BP
* Energol LPT-F 68 68 36 5.5
* Zerice 46 43 25 3.8
ESSO * Zerice 68 63 34 5.0
* Zerice S 46 48 27 4.1
FINA Purfrigol MP 68 54 29 4.4
KUWAIT Stravinsky C 55 29 4.4
MOBILOIL Gargoyle Arctic 300 55 30 4.6
* Clavus Oil G 46 46 26 3.9
* Clavus Oil G 68 68 35 5.4
SHELL
* Clavus Oil 46 46 26 3.9
* Clavus Oil 68 68 35 5.4
TEXACO Capella WF 68 61 31 4.7
Suniso 4 GS 1) 54 29 4.4
SUN-OIL
Suniso 5 GS 95 48 7.1
Oil types marked with an asterisk (*) have a viscosity grade number designation according to ISO Standard 3448.

4. GENERAL DESCRIPTION THE COMPRESSOR
Grasso
cylinders liner and jacket serves as suction

4.1 COMPRESSOR HOUSING (see fig. 4.1) chamber. The discharge chamber is formed by the
The compressor housing is of a welded steel upper part of the cylinder jacket shut-off by the
construction and comprises both the crankcase cylinder head cover.
and the cylinder jacket(s). In the bottom part of The crankshaft runs in bearing covers shutting off
each cylinder jacket, two interchangeable cylinder both sides of the crankcase and on which also the
liners are provided, pressed into two supporting oil pump and the rotary shaft seal housing are
rings welded onto the jacket. The space between fitted. The oil required for compressor lubrication
1. Crankcase
2. Cylinder jacket
3. Suction manifold
4. Discharge manifold
5. Cylinder liner with valve-lifting mechanism
6. Cylinder head cover
7. Cooling water jacket
8. Bearing cover
9. Oil pump
10. Rotary shaft seal
11. Oil sight glass
12. Sleeve for heating element
13. Non-return valve
14. Service cover
15. Piston
16. Connecting rod
17. Crankshaft
18. Thrust bearing
19. Cast-on counterweight
20. Suction connection
21. Discharge connection
22. Gas suction strainer
23. Oil discharge filter
24. Oil suction filter
25. Oil charge and drain valve
26. Valve lifting control piston
27. Suction and discharge valve assembly
28. Buffer spring
29. Crankcase pressure equalizing line
FIG. 4.1 CONSTRUCTION OF THE COMPRESSOR

Grasso
is at the bottom of the crankcase. To determine gudgeon pin, a bronze bush or, in the case of
the oil level, a sight glass is located on the HP-cylinders of two stage compressors, a needle
crankcase. To heat the oil, if necessary, all bearing is pressed into the small end.
compressors have a sleeve welded on to the
The crankshaft is mounted in slide bearings
crankcase bottom, into which a heating element
consisting of interchangeable white metal lined
(available as an accessory) can be inserted.
steel bushes pressed into the bearing covers. The
The oil which is separated in the suction chamber
crankshaft, furnished with cast-on counterweights,
from the refrigerant vapour can flow back to the
is dynamically balanced. The tapered shaft end
crankcase via a non-return valve. This valve is
with key for taking up flywheel or coupling, is
fitted between suction chamber and crankcase in
carried gastight through the bearing cover (see
the lower supporting ring of the cylinder liners
par. 4.3, Rotary shaft seal).
(except in the HP-cylinders in two-stage
compressors). The valve, normally open, closes 4.3 ROTARY SHAFT SEAL
when the crankcase pressure exceeds the suction
pressure. In order to pass the crankshaft (2) gastight
The crankcase interior is accessible via one or two outwards, the compressor is provided with a
service covers provided on both sides of the special rotary shaft seal, the construction of which
crankcase. is shown in fig. 4.2.
The sealing between rotating and stationary parts
4.2 CYLINDERS AND MOVING PARTS (see fig. 4.1) is effected on the sliding surface between a
carbon slip ring (7.1) rotating with the crankshaft
The cylinders are formed by interchangeable
and a stationary counterslip ring (6) fitted in the
cylinder liners pressed into the supporting rings in
shaft seal housing (4). For this purpose the sliding
the cylinder jackets. The collar on top of the
surface of both slip rings is ground to extreme
cylinder liners is provided with openings and acts
finish and lapped.
as a seat for the suction valve ring. In the cylinder
liners, light metal pistons are located, on which The carbon slip ring is carried by the slip ring
three compression rings and one oil scraper ring holder and forms an integral part of the rotary
are fitted. seal assembly (7). This assembly consists of the
The connecting rods have a split-type big end, in afore mentioned slip ring holder with carbon
which white metal lined steel precision bearing insert, a metal bellows (7.2) and a drive collar
shells are positioned. To provide bearing for the (7.3). The drive collar in turn is locked on the
1. Bearing cover
2. Drive pin
3. Rotary shaft seal assembly:
3a. Drive collar
3b. Metal bellows
3c. Slip ring holder with
carbon insert
4. O-ring
5. Grub screw
6. Shaft seal housing
7. Stationary counter-slip ring
8. Crankshaft
A Oil supply from internal

lubricating circuit
B Oil to oil pressure regulator
C Oil leakage drain of rotary

shaft seal
FIG. 4.2 ROTARY SHAFT SEAL

Grasso
crankshaft by means of three grub screws (7.4) with four sinusoidal springs is placed
and a drive pin (3) . The slip ring holder with concentrically. The discharge valve seat and the
carbon insert can slide axially over the crankshaft suction valve stroke limitor are one and the same.
and is pressed on to the counter-slip ring by The whole assembly is pressed on to the collar of
means of the metal bellows. the cylinder liner by a powerful buffer spring. For
O-rings (5 and 7.5) are provided to ensure the the function of this buffer spring, see Chapter 6,
sealing between rotary seal assembly and par. 6.3, Liquid Hammer.
crankshaft and between counter-slip ring and
Fig. 4.3 only shows schematically the construction
shaft seal housing.
and operation of the suction and discharge valves.
To remove sufficiently the frictional heat
For the real construction, reference is made to
developed by the slip rings, the shaft seal is
Chapter 9, Compressor Maintenance.
incorporated in the lubricating oil circuit (see
further Paragraph 4.10, “Lubrication system”). 4.5 VALVE LIFTING MECHANISM (see fig. 4.4)
4.4 SUCTION AND DISCHARGE VALVES In order to enable the compressor to start
(see fig. 4.3) unloaded, all cylinders have be put out of action
mechanically by suction valve ring lifting during
The suction and discharge valves of the
compressor standstill. For this purpose a lifting
compressor are of the ring type. They contain
bush is provided in each cylinder, which can move
steel valve rings pressed, under spring tension, on
up and down around the cylinder liner. The lifting
to a seat and shutting off the openings provided
bush is provided at the top with push pins capable
in it. The lift of the valve rings is limited by a
of lifting the suction valve ring from its seat via
stroke limitor. The suction valve only has one valve
openings in the collar of the cylinder liner. The
ring retained, together with one sinusoidal spring,
lifting bush is connected with an oil pressure
between the valve seat type collar of the cylinder
controlled spring-loaded piston, located in a
liner and a stroke limitor.
housing on the outside of the cylinder jacket, by
The stroke limitor of the suction valve is centred
means of a lever. The piston can be moved
by the collar of the cylinder liner.
upward by control oil pressure from the oil pump.
The discharge valve consists of a valve seat and a At compressor standstill there is no oil pressure,
stroke limitor, fixed together by means of bolts, the piston is forced down by the spring causing
and between which the one valve ring, together the lifting bush with push pins to move upwards
1. Buffer spring
2. Spring cup, also discharge

valve stroke limitor
3. Discharge valve ring

with sinusoidal springs
4. Suction valve stroke limitor,

also discharge valve seat
5. Suction valve ring

with sinusoidal springs
6. Cylinder liner, also

suction valve seat
A Discharge
B Suction
FIG. 4.3 SCHEMATIC CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF SUCTION AND DISCHARGE VALVE

Grasso
1. Lever
2. Piston housing
3. Spring
4. Control piston
5. Suction valve ring
6. Push pin
7. Lifting bush
A Control oil pressure
FIG. 4.4 VALVE—LIFTING MECHANISM

and lift the suction valve ring. Shortly after the refrigerating plant via stop valves. The (LP)-suction
compressor has been started, control oil pressure connection is fitted on the suction strainer
is admitted to the piston and moves it upward, so housing, in which a removable metal strainer
that the lever tilts, thus pulling the lifting bush element is provided for purifying the intake
with the push pins downwards while the suction refrigerant gas. Compressor type RC69 is provided
valve ring descents onto its seat. After completion with two strainer elements.
of the latter movement, the cylinder is in
In the case of two-stage compressors, the
operation.
LP-discharge connection is connected, via an
4.6 CYLINDER HEAD COOLING interstage cooler, to the HP-suction connection
(see also Chapter 5, par. 5.6, Injection interstage
All cylinder heads on the compressor are provided gas cooler). Compressor type RC429 includes
with a cooling water jacket and blanked off water already a built-in HP-suction strainer.
in- and outlet connections. All principal connections have nipples for
Only in cases where extremely high cylinder head connecting pressure gauges or pressure safety
temperatures occur, will this possibility of cylinder switches.
head cooling be used by the installation engineer.
In these cases reference is made to the details 4.8 PRESSURE EQUALIZING LINE AND
given in the plant manual. OVERFLOW SAFETY VALVES
4.7 PRINCIPAL CONNECTIONS AND SUCTION Between suction strainer housing and crankcase
GAS STRAINER an equalizing line is provided in order to prevent
the crankcase pressure* from rising due to piston
The suction and discharge chambers of the leakage. Moreover, the crankcase can thus be
cylinders open, via one or more lines, into a single evacuated for charging lubricating oil or for
suction and discharge connection with flange, venting the compressor.
with which the compressor is coupled to the

Grasso
Crankcase pressure = suction pressure for both pump consisting of three gears with the centre
single- and two-stage compressors gear driven by the crankshaft.
In order to prevent excessive discharge pressures
The oil suction and oil discharge filters are fitted
in the compressor, one or more overflow safety
to the pump. The oil suction filter contains a metal
valves (number depends on the type of
gauze filter element; the oil discharge filter is
compressor) are provided. These valves act on the
provided with a paper filter element retaining the
difference between suction and discharge
fine (metal) particles suspended in the oil.
pressure and moreover, in the case of two-stage
compressors, between suction and intermediate The oil is drawn from the crankcase via the oil
pressure. suction filter. The pressures dilevered by the gear
The spring-loaded overflow safety valves are pump are a lubricating pressure and a control
adjusted at the works; they blow the gas off to pressure to operate the valvelifting mechanisms
suction when there is an excessive pressure (capacity control). The pressurized lubricating oil is
difference. delivered to the discharge filter, led back to the
The overflow safety valves are fitted externally pump housing and into the lubricating system via
between the suction manifold and the HP and/or the crankshaft. The lubricating oil pressure
LP discharge manifold. depends on the setting of the lubricating oil
pressure regulator built into the lubrication system
4.9 OIL PUMP, FILTERS AND CONTROL OIL of the compressor (see also par. 4.10, Lubrication
SYSTEM (see fig. 4.5) system). The control oil pressure delivered by the
The oil pump is fitted on the bearing cover pump is regulated by a built-in relief valve
opposite the compressor driving end and is connected to the lubrication system. Excess of
directly driven by the crankshaft. control oil is thus used for lubrication. The control
The pump housing accomodates a double gear pressure has been set at 13 - 15 bar above suction
pressure.
A To lubrication system via crankshaft
1. Oil suction filter 4. Gear pump B Control oil pressure to valve lifting mechanisms
2. Oil discharge filter 5. Hydraulic time delay for unloaded starting and capacity control
3. Relief valve valve
C Oil suction from crankcase
FIG. 4.5 OIL PUMP, FILTERS AND CONTROL OIL SYSTEM

Grasso
After starting the compressor, the through-flow of

the control oil pressure to the valve lifting 4.10 LUBRICATION SYSTEM
mechanisms is interrupted for 30 to 60 seconds by The lubrication of the compressor is effected
a hydraulic delay valve provided in the pump. This under pressure; the lubricating oil circuit is shown
valve consists of a plunger and a spring-loaded in fig. 4.6, overleaf
piston. During compressor standstill the piston,
due to the spring tension, is in its extreme The pump draws the oil from the crankcase via a
position, as a result of which the plunger shuts off suction filter and feeds it back under pressure to
the through-flow of oil. The space behind the the oil pump housing via a discharge filter.
piston is filled with oil. As soon as the compressor From this housing the oil flows into the
is operated, plunger and piston will be forced crankshaft, in which a continuous oil channel is
down by the pump pressure, but encounter drilled, provided with radially drilled oilways in situ
resistance of the oil behind the piston. This oil of the bearings. The connecting rods also have an
should first leak away along the piston before the internal oil channel through which the oil is
plunger can clear the through-flow. supplied to the small end bearings. Sufficient
The delay time depends on the viscosity and lubrication of the cylinder walls is ensured by the
consequently on the oil temperature. As soon as oil that is forced out of the bearings and splashed
the compressor has stopped, it may not be around. The oil channel in the crankshaft ends in
restarted until after 3 minutes in order to prevent the shaft seal housing.
the compressor from starting on load. During this As, besides its lubricating function, the oil also has
period the delay valve is returned by the spring to a cooling function, especially for the rotary shaft
its original position. A check valve in the piston seal, the amount of circulating oil is considerably
ensures that the space behind the piston is filled more than that required for lubricaton. This excess
again with oil. of oil is led back, via an external line to the pump
A External oil return line

B Shaft seal housing
C Oil channel in crankshaft
D Lubricating oil pressure regulator
E Oil pump
F Sight glass
G Oil suction filter
H Oil discharge filter
FIG. 4.6 LUBRICATION SYSTEM

Grasso
end of the crankcase, from where it flows back to

the oil sump via an internal line: this oil stream is
visible behind the sight glass. In the return line an
adjustable lubricating pressure regulator is fitted.
This spring-loaded ball valve allows the return oil
to pass at a certain pressure only, thus
determining the pressure in the lubrication system.
The connection for the oil pressure gauge and the
lubricating oil pressure safety switch is provided
upstream the pressure regulator on the shaft seal
housing.
The oil pump supplies, besides the lubricating oil
pressure, also a separate control oil pressure for
the valve lifting mechanism; for further data refer
to chapter 4.9. Oil pump, filters and control oil
system.

Grasso

5. DISCRIPTION AND OPERATION OF ACCESSORIES
Grasso
The accessories of the compressor include those The gauges indicate the pressure in bars; at a pressure
devices and systems with which the efficient lower than the atmospheric, the pressure gauge
operation of the compressor in the installation can indicates a negative value. The scale of suction,
be promoted and checked and those which, in the discharge and intermediate pressure gauges is
event of failures prevent the compressor from adjusted to the refrigerant in the plant, as besides the
being damaged. pressure scale also the saturation temperatures
The accessories should be distinguished as follows: corresponding to te overpressures are given.
A) Accessories the use of which has been
prescribed by the compressor 5.2 PRESSURE SAFETY SWITCHES
manufacturer,among which: In order to protect compressor and plant, safety
• Pressure gauges for suction pressure, discharge switches for discharge pressure, suction pressure
pressure and oil pressure; in the case of two stage and lubricating oil pressure are provided. They are
compressors also for the intermediate pressure; mounted on a panel and connected to the
pressure connections of the compressor via the
• Pressure safety switches for discharge pressure pressure gauge valves. The switch contacts are
and lubricating oil pressure; incorporated in the control current circuit for the
• For two-stage compressors: Electrically operated ca- drive motor of the compressor.
pacity control (also to be used as run-in control with The discharge pressure safety switch (Danfoss
which the compressor can proceed as favourably as pressure control type RT 5 for halocarbon
possible to two-stage compression during the time refrigerants, type RT 5A for NH3) protects the
the installation attains the operating conditions). compressor against excessive discharge pressure.
B) Accessories the use of which is deemed In case the preset pressure is exceeded, the
necessary by the installation engineer, control current circuit is interrupted and the
amongwhich: compressor stops.
• Suction pressure safety switch; The suction pressure safety switch (Danfoss
pressure control type RT 1 for R12, R22, etc. type
• Cylinder head temperature safety device; RT 1A for NH3) protects compressor and plant
• Crankcase heating; against too low suction pressure. In case the
pressure drops below the preset value, the
• For single-stage compressors: Manually or compressor is switched off.
electically operated capacity control.
The choice of the accessories depends on the type The switching pressure of both switches can be
of plant, the refrigerant used and the operating adjusted by turning the main spindle after
conditions; therefore, this choice will be removing a cap on the top side of the housing.
determined by the installation engineer. The adjustment can be read on a scale behind the
window in the front cover. Between the cut-out
In this chapter only those accessories are described pressure and the pressure at which the switch
that can be supplied by the manufacturer of the makes circuit again, there is a fixed difference of
compressor. If other accessories have been approx. 0.4 bar in the suction pressure safety
provided by the installation engineer, their switch and of approx. 1 bar in the discharge
description can be found in the plant manual. pressure safety switch.
5.1 PRESSURE GAUGES Both pressure safety switches are provided with a
locking device when cut out, so that, on return of
The pressure gauges necessary for checking the the original pressures, the compressor does not
correct operation of compresssor and installation become operative automatically again. The
are mounted on a panel, each of them being switches can be unlocked by pushing a green
connected to the compressor via a shut-off valve. button on the side; however, this may be done
For single-stage compressors three pressure only after the cause of the switching off of the
gauges have been provided, viz. a suction pressure compressor has been investigated and the failure
gauge, a discharge pressure gauge and an oil has been remedied. In both switches an auxiliary
pressure gauge; moreover, for two-stage contact is provided for connection a pilot lamp or
compressors, there still is an intermediate pressure a klaxon.
gauge.

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The lubricating oil pressure safety switch protects the or by a push button switch in the control
compressor against too low lubricating oil pressure. current circuit for the drive motor.
The lubricating oil pressure is the difference between
oil pressure and crankase pressure (=suction pressure) 5.3 CRANKCASE HEATING
indicated by pressure gauges. The lubricating oil
pressure safety switch reacts to this difference, which During standstill of the compressor at low
should be at least 1 bar to ensure proper lubrication. ambient temperatures
• condensation of the refrigerant in the crankcase
Two types of lubricating oil pressure safety may occur;
switches may be used:
a) with locking device and built-in thermal time • the refrigerant may dissolve in the oil to a
delay relay (Danfoss differential pressure control higher extent;
type MP 55A for NH3). • the viscosity of the oil may become so high that
With this switch, a differential pressure between 0.3 too much delay occurs during starting
- 4.5 bar can be adjusted by means of a set disc These phenomena can be prevented by maintaining
under the upper pressure bellows inside the switch. the crankcase at a certain temperature. This is
The effected by a heating element which is screwed into a
setting value should be at least 1 bar. If the sleeve provided under the crankcase. The electrical
differential pressure decreases, the control current connection should be designed so that the element
circuit of the motor wil be interrupted with a delay can only operate during compressor standstill.
of 60 secs. A pilot lamp or klaxon can be connected
via an 5.4 CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE SAFETY
auxiliary contact. When in “break” position, the DEVICE (see fig. 5.1)
switch is locked. This lock should be released only The compressor discharge temperature, measured on
after 3 mins. by pressing the reset button on the the outside of the discharge line upstream the
switch. The permanently set contact differential discharge valve, must not exceed 140 °C. It is
amounts to 0.2 bar, so that the lubricating oil nevertheless possible that, due to a failure, the
pressure must be at least 1.2 bar to operate the temperature in one or more cylinder heads suddenly
switch again. In order yet to re-start the compressor rises, in which event danger of damage arises. In
and to allow it to build up a sufficient lubricating oil order to protect the compressor against such danger,
pressure, a thermal time delay relay is provided, it can be equipped with an electronic temperature
which leaves the contacts closed during 60 seconds. safety device with sensing elements on all cylinders or
In order to check the safety switch for proper on some of them. This safety device interrupts the
operation, a test device is provided inside at the left control current circuit at a local temperature of
side of the switch. When this device is depressed approx. 170 °C after which the compressor stops. The
and kept in this position, the compressor should relay to which the temperature sensing elements are
stop after 60 seconds. connected, is locked when cut out. A pilot lamp or
b) without locking device and without thermal
time delay relay (Danfoss differential pressure Î
control type RC 260A).
Ì
With this safety switch, the lubricating oil pressure
Í
can be adjusted between 0.5 and 4 bar by means Ê Ê Ë
of a set disc which is accessible after removing the
front cover. The setting value should here, too, be M
at least 1 bar. An auxiliary contact is provided for
connecting a pilot lamp or a klaxon. The
permanently set contact differential is 0.3 bar, so
that the lubricating oil pressure should be at least
1.3 bar to cause the switch to make circuit again. 1. Temperature sensing element in cylinder head
2. Relay unit
In order to start the compressor and to allow it to 3. Motor overload protector
build up lubricating oil pressure, the contact of the 4. Control current circuit
safety switch must have been shunted with the aid 5. Reset button
of a separate time delay relay with locking device FIG. 5.1 CYLINDER HEAD TEMPERATURE
SAFETY DEVICE

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klaxon can be connected via auxiliary contacts (see This control system enables the compressor to be
the plant manual). controlled in maximum four steps from minimum
up to maximum capacity. After stopping the
5.5 CAPACITY CONTROL compressor it is desirable to set the oil distributor
In order to adapt the compressor capacity of the again to position 1 (also refer to chapter 7).
cooling load of the moment, a number of cylinders A survey of the operating cylinders in the various
can be put in or out of action either individually of
collectively. In this case use is made of the valve
lifting mechanism fitted on each cylinder (see
chapter 4) and operated by the pump control oil
pressure.
The capacity control may be of two-fold disign:
a) with a manually operated oil distributor
(single-stage compressors only);
b) with one up to four three-way solenoid valves
which are operated electrically and thus enable
automatic control.
Regardless of the control system applied, one or
more cylinders are connected direct to the control
oil pressure; these cylinders become automatically
operative after the unloaded starting of the
comrpessor. The other cylinders can be cut in or out
in one or more stages.
Especially in the case of two-stage compressors the
use of these switching possibilities can be limited by
the operating conditions of the installation (refer to
the plant manual). Moreover, the number of
switchings per unit of time of one individual
cylinder, as well as of the whole compressor, is tied FIG. 5.2 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF
to a maximum (see chapter 8, Supervision during THE MANUALLY OPERATED
compressor operation). CAPACITY CONTROL
positions of the oil distributor is indicated in table
5.5.1 MANUALLY OPERATED CAPACITY 5.1, overleaf.
CONTROL (single-stage compressors only)
(see fig. 5.2) 5.5.2 ELECTRICALLY OPERATED CAPACITY
CONTROL (see fig. 5.3)
In this control system the compressor is fitted with
an oil distributor which can be set by hand to For distributing the control pressure to the valve
serveral positions. The distributor has six ports: lifting mechanisms of the cylinders or cylinder
one for the control pressure connection, one for groups, use is made in this system of one up to
the oil return connection and four for the four electrically operated three-way solenoid
connection of the valve lifting mechanisms of the valves; their number depends on the size of the
cylinders or cylinder groups. Depeding on the compressor. The solenoid valves fitted on the
compressor size, one or more of the last-named compressor each have three connections: one for
ports may be out of use. the control pressure (2), one for the oil return (0)
The distributor has five positions. In position 1 the and one for the valve lifting mechanism (1).
control pressure is blocked and the valve lifting When the valve is not energized, the control
mechanisms are connected to the oil return. Only pressure connection in each valve is blocked, and
the cylinders directconnected to the control the valve lifting mechanism is connected to the oil
pressure are then in operation. In the positions 2, return, so that the cylinder or cylinder group is out
3, 4 and 5 the control pressure is admitted step by of action. As soon as the valve is energized, the oil
step to the valve lifting mechanisms of the return is shut off and the control pressure is
connected cylinders or cylinder groups, which then admitted to the valve lifting mechanism, causing
become operative.

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5 5 5 5 5
4 4 4 4 4
3 3 3 3 3
POSITION 2 2 2 2 2
OF OIL 1 1 1 1 1
DISTRIBUTOR
starting
and
APPLICATION control up to maximum capacity
minImum
capacity
Each figure between
brackets refers to the
COMPRESSOR TYPE OPERATING CYLINDERS swept volume expressed as
a percentage of the full
load swept volume
1 1 Typical numbering of
RC29 • 2 cylinders
(50) (100)
• 2 12 12
RC49 3• 3• 34
(50) (75) (100)
1•3 1•3 123 1•3 123
RC69 ••• •5• •5• 45• 456
(33) (50) (67) (83) (100)
TABLE 5.1 STANDARD STEPS OF THE MANUALLY OPERATED CAPACITY CONTROL
(SINGLE—STAGE COMPRESSORS ONLY)
VALVE NO.
❍ non-
energized
● energized
starting
APPLICATION and
control up to maximum capacity
min.
capacity
Each figure between brackets
refers to the swept volume
COMPRESSOR TYPE OPERATING CYLINDERS expressed as a percentage of the
full load swept volume
TABLE 5.2 STANDARD STEPS OF THE ELECTRICALLY OPERATED CAPACITY CONTROL

(SINGLE—STAGE COMPRESSORS ONLY)

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VALVE NO.
m non-
energized
l energized
minimum
APPLICATION starting control up to maximum capacity
capacity
Each figure between brackets refers to
COMPRESSOR TYPE OPERATING CYLINDERS the swept volume expressed as a
percentage of the full load swept volume
Cylinder no.1 •2
omitted •• Typical
RC219 34
3• numbering
(100) of cylinders
1•• 1•• 12• 123
RC429
••• •56 •56 456
TABLE 5.3 STANDARD STEPS OF THE ELECTRICALLY OPERATED

CAPACITY CONTROL OF TWO—STAGE COMPRESSORS
the cylinder or the cylinder group to become various solenoid valves are located.
operative. As shown in tables 5.2 and 5.3, the combination
of burning lamps indicates which valves are
The valves can be energized automatically by e.g.
energized and consequently which cylinders are in
thermostats in the cold stores, a pressure
operation. For this purpose, valves and lamps bear
controller on the suction line, etc. (see plant
equal numbers.
manual).
In the event of an electric failure, each valve can
To each solenoid valve a lamp is connected which
be operated indvidually by hand. For this purpose,
lights up as long as the valve is energized. These
a small lever is provided on one side of the valve
lamps are all mounted on the front panel of a
housing, which, after being pressed and turned in
junction box, in which also the terminals of the
the upright(vertical) position, keeps the valve
A Valve lifting mechanism
B Oil return to crankcase
C Oil pump
D Supply of control oil pressure
E Three-way solenoid valve
F Junction box with signal lamps
G External electrical wiring
FIG. 5.3 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF ELECTRICALLY OPERATED CAPACITY CONTROL

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“energized”. However, in this case, the valve can externally against the HP-suction line of the
no more be operated electrically in the usual way. compressor (see fig. 5.4, overleaf). At compressor
standstill the supply of liquid is cut off by a
5.6 INJECTION INTERSTAGE GAS COOLER (only solenoid valve located upstream the expansion
in two-stage comressors) valve. This solenoid valve should be connected
In two-stage compressors, an injection interstage electrically so that it opens only when the
gas cooler may have been provided between the compressor has come up to speed and LP- as well
LP-discharge connection and the HP-suction as HP-cylinders are in operation (see the chapter
connection. This cooler cools the gas compressed “Capacity control”).
by the LP-cylinders down to 5 to 6 K above the
saturation temperature corresponding to the
intermediate pressure.
The interstage cooler consists of an amply
dimensioned connecting tube, into which, on the
LP-discharge side, liquid refrigerant is injected.
This injection takes place either direct on the
interstage gas cooler or via a separate injection
liquid cooler. Due to the evaporation of this
liquids, the temperature of the gas to be sucked
by the HP-cylinders is reduced. The amount of
liquid is controlled by a thermostatic expansion
valve, whose temperature bulb must be clamped
A Injection interstage gas cooler

(with expansion valve assembly)
B From liquid receiver
C LP-Discharge
D HP-Suction
E! Place bulb here!

FIG. 5.4 INSTALLATION OF INJECTION INTERSTAGE GAS COOLER

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It is sometimes difficult to find out the sort of

6.1 UNLOADED STARTING liquid hammer. Frosting of the cylinder jacket as
When the compressor is at standstill, the suction well as an abnormally low discharge gas
valve rings in all cylinders have been lifted temperature may point to the fact that liquid
mechanically by the valve lifting mechanism. refrigerant is being sucked. Even when no audible
liquid hammer occurs (the liquid then retains its
As soon as the compressor is started, the oil pump misty form), the valves may be damaged due to
starts to build up pressure in the lubricating oil excessive thermal load. Damage due to an
system. However, the control oil pressure required incidental, slight liquid hammer is prevented by
for controlling the valve lifting mechanisms, means of a buffer spring on the valve assembly
remains locked for about one minute due to the (see Chapter 4 fig 4.3).
action of the time delay valve, incorporated in the
oil pump. During the period the compressor
attains its operating speed under no-load
conditions, whereby the gas drawn into the
cylinders is returned again to the suction
chambers and the suction manifold via the lifted
suction valves. The energy consumption is thus
limited to overcoming the starting torque which
consists of the pull-out torque, the frictional losses
and the flow losses in the suction valves. This
prevents a peak load of the electric power system
and overlading of motor, drive and equipment.
6.2 LOADED OPERATION OF COMPRESSOR

After the delay time has elapsed, the control oil
system is pressurized. for compressors without
capacity control this means that all cylinders are
operated simultaneously, as their valve lifting
mechanism becomes operative and the suction
valves come into action. For compressors provided
with capacity control, a limited, minimum
allowable number of cylinders is operated direct
by the control pressure; the other cylinders can, if
required, be cut in or out manually via the oil
distributor or electrically via the three-way
solenoid valves (refer also to Chapter 8,
Supervision during compressor operation).
6.3 LIQUID HAMMER

Liquid hammer occurs when, together with the
refrigerant vapour, liquid is drawn in and forced
away. As liquid is not compressible, liquid hammer
may cause a sudden impact load on valves and
moving parts, which may result in more or less
serious damage to the compressor.
The relevant liquid may be either oil or liquid
refrigerant. Liquid hammer is reflected in a
distinctly audible, sometimes jerking stroke at
each revolution. When the phenomenon is
symptomatic, the installation engineer should be
consulted.

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This chapter deals with the starting and stopping d) Check whether the discharge stop valve, the
of the compressor in a plant which, after the test pressure gauge valves and (in the case of
run, has been delivered completely ready for two-stage compressors) the stop valves in the
operation by the installation engineer. If further intermediate pressure line are open.
contains instructions for resetting the lubricating
e) In the case of a compressor provided with a
oil pressure regulator and pressure safety
manually operated capacity control: set the oil
switches, if this should be necessary.
distributor to position 1:
It is recommended to start and stop the In the case of a compressor provided with an
compressor according to a fixed procedure in electrically operated capacity control: Check
order to prevent errors and possible damage. whether the manual control lever of all solenoid
Especially in the case of plants with manual valves is in its lowest horizontal position.
control, the sequence of the necessary operations
has to come up to certain requirements. f) (not within 3 minutes after the compressor was
Therefore, in the instructions given below, stopped) Start the compressor and check
reference is made, wherever necessary, to the whether the oil pressure increases.
plant manual. If at some point the plant manual g) Slowly open the suction stop valve, thereby
differs form this instruction manual, the watching the suction pressure which may not
installation engineer should be consulted. exceed 6 bar (on gauge). Also be careful that
no liquid hammer occurs, especially in plants
7.1 STARTING THE COMPRESSOR with lower suction lines.
When starting the compressor, distinction should h) In the case of single-stage compressors with
be made between: capacity control: After the compressor has
1) Starting the compressor for the first time after started up and one or more cylinders have
the plant has been out of operation for a long automatically become operative, cut in the
period of time (for example, on account of other cylinders as and when required, thereby
seasonal standstill or maintenance operations). watching the maximum allowable amperage (it
for manually controlled plants as well as for those must not be higher than the amperage stated
operating automatically the starting procedure on the motor).
given below should be followed exactly. In the case of two-stage compressors with
2) Restarting the compressor in an already capcity control: 3-4 minutes after the
operational plant. compressor has started and one HP-cylinder
In the case of manually operated plants only the becomes operative automatically, cut in the other
instructions mentioned under b, e, f, h and j need cylinders stepwise, thereby watching the
to be followed, as well as those included in the discharge temperture on both the HP- and LP-side
plant manual. In the case of automatically (max. 140 °C), the intermediate pressure (max.
operating plants, this starting procedure is saturation intermediate temp. +10 °C) and the max.
incorporated in the control system and therefore allowable amperage (not to be higher than the
does not generally require any special care. amperage stated on the motor nameplate).
The starting procedure is as follows: j) (if cylinder jacket cooling is applied). Check the
a) Consult the plant manual. cooling water flow.
b) Make sure that the oil level in the crankcase is k) Adjust the opening of the pressure gauge stop
correct (see Chapter 8) and check whether the valves so that the gauge pointers do not
shaft seal housing and both oil filter housings vibrate any longer.
are filled with oil (especially after maintenace
work). l) (not during the running-in period of the plant).
Open the stop valve in the return line of the oil
c) Check whether the suction stop valve and the separator.
stop valve in the return line of the oil separator CAUTION! In case of reduced cooling load it is
are closed. not allowed to cut out so many cylinders of a
compressor already operating in two stages that
only the HP-cylinder is still operating. At least
two LP-cylinders should remain operative.

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7.2 STOPPING THE COMPRESSOR

The compressor can be stopped at any moment
by switching off the drive motor. However, 7.3 SETTING OF THE OIL PRESSURE REGULATOR
consult the plant manual for further action The lubricating oil pressure regulator has been set
required, especially in the case of plants with a during the testing of the compressor in the works.
The lubricating oil pressure (i.e. the difference
A between the oil pressure measured at the end of the
lubricating circuit, and the crankcase pressure (suction
pressure also depends on the type of oil chosen, the
refrigerant used and the operating temperature of
the compressor. Therefore it is possible that, after the
compressor has been installed in the plant, the
1
lubricating oil pressure regulator needs to be reset.
Re-setting takes place as follows:
2 a) Start compressor and wait until it has achieved a
constant operating temperature.
B 3
b) Determine the difference between the indication
of the oil pressure gauge and the suction pressure
gauge. This difference should be approx. 1.5 bar.
1 Slotted set pin
c) If the pressure difference is not correct, remove the
2 Sealing ring
cap nut with sealing ring from the lubrication oil
3 Cap nut
pressure regulator (see fig. 7.1).Turn the slotted set
A Oil return to crankcase
pin with a screw driver clockwise or
B Oil return from seal housing
counter-clockwise for obtaining a higher or a lower
FIG. 7.1 LUBRICATING OIL PRESSURE REGULATOR oil
manual control.
SUCTION AND DISCHARGE LUBRICATING OIL PRESSURE SAFETY SWITCHES
PRESSURE SAFETY SWITCHES
Type RT1 and RT1A
Type MP55 Type RT260A
Type RT5 and RT5A
Type MP55A
3
3
2
2
1 Main spindle
2 Graduated scale
3 Setting scale
FIG. 7.2 SETTING OF PRESSURE SAFETY SWITCHES

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pressure respectively, until the required

pressure difference has been achieved. After
resetting,
replace the cap nut with sealing ring on the
pressure regulator.
7.4 SETTING OF PRESSURE SAFETY SWITCHES

(see fig. 7.2)
The discharge pressure and suction pressure
safety switches must be set at the values
indicated in the plant manual. The discharge
pressure safety switch must be set at a value
which is lower than the maximum discharge
pressure of the compressor (see chapter 3,
Technical data of compressor).
Setting is effected by turning the main spindle
with a spanner, after the cap on top of the
housing has been removed. The set value can be
read from a graduated scale in the front cover.
The lubricating oil pressure safety switch must be

set at 1 bar, which is the minimum allowable
difference between oil pressure and crankcase
pressure (= sucton pressure). Setting takes place
by turning the setting disc with a screw driver; this
setting disc is accessible after the front cover has
been removed. The set value can be read from a
graduated scale.

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8. PERIODICAL INSPECTION OF THE OPERATING COMPRESSOR
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8.1 SURVEY OF PERIODICAL INSPECTIONS ("CHECK LIST")

(Also refer to the explanation overleaf)
FREQUENCY
CHECK POINTS REMARKS
monthly
weekly
daily
Oil level in crankcase The oil level must be between 1 and 3 quarters
• height of the sight glass. For topping up oil, refer to
Chapter 9, Compressor Maintenance.
Colour of the oil The oil should be transparently clear. A disappearing
• white colour points to dissolved refrigerant.
Lubricating oil pressure The indication of the oil pressure gauge should be
• 1.5 bar higher than the value shown by the suction
pressure gauge.
Oil temperature The maximum allowable temperature is 70 °C,
• measured on the suction line to the oil suction filter.
Return from oil separator To be checked only when a sight glass is provided in
• the oil return line.
Oil leakage • Remedy visible oil leakage.
Suction pressure • Refer to plant manual.
Discharge pressure Refer to plant manual. For the max. allowable
• discharge pressure refer to Chapter 3, Technical data
of compressor.
Suction temperature The suction temperature should indicate at least 5 K
• superheat.
Discharge temperature The maximum allowable discharge temperature is
• 170 °C.
Cooling water temperature (if Water temperature must be higher than condensing
water cooling is applied) • temperature.
Crankcase heating (if provided) During compressor standstill the crankcase bottom
• side must remain warmer than the surroundings.
Condition of V-belts Check belts for: 1) wear (fraying, cuts etc.) and
ensure that they do not touch the groove bottom; 2)
Tension. Too low a tension gives rise to excessive
•
flapping or oscillation in operation. For correct
tension consult the instructions given by the V-belt
supplier.
Adjustment and operation of pressure Refer to Chapter 7 and to the plant manual.
safety switches •
Switching frequency of the The time interval between stopping and starting
compressor •should be at least 10 minutes.
Capacity control (if provided) The time lag between the unloading and loading of
• one cylinder or cylinder group should generally be at
least 3 minutes.
Number of operating hours Check the number of operating hours in view of any
• maintenance operations to be carried out.
Apart from the above check points, the sound produced by the compressor provides a proper standard
for its mechanical condition. If abnormal sounds are audible, their cause should be traced and removed
immediately in order to prevent serious breakdowns at inconvenient times.

8. PERIODICAL INSPECTION OF THE OPERATING COMPRESSOR
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8.2 EXPLANATION TO THE SURVEY OF

PERIODICAL INSPECTIONS
In order to prevent sudden failures as much as
possible, it is recommended to inspect the
compressor periodically at a certain number of
points. In many cases a slight deviation from the
normal situation need in no way yet interfere with
the proper functioning of the compressor, but it
may be indicative of a wrong tendency that might
in the end lead to a failure. Inspection then
enables to take action in time. Thus, a slight but
continuous increase of the discharge pressure may
be indicative, for example, of a polluting
condenser which, if this increase is being noticed,
can be cleaned before the excessive discharge
pressure causes more serious trouble.
The intensity of the required inspection is to be
made dependent on the type of installation and
on the risks involved in failures as far as the object
to be cooled is concerned.
Particularly in case of fully automatically operating
installations, for which little or no personnel is
available, the periodical inspection must not be
neglected.
The table on the back sums up all the points of

the compresor that have to be inspected; it also
contains instructions as to how frequently the
various inspections have to be carried out.
During the first 50 operating hours the
compressor should be checked regularly for all
the points mentioned before, at least twice
every 24 hours and more frequently in cases
where irregularities are found.
However, the list should primarily be used to
prevent certain points of inspection for being
omitted whereby the frequency stated is to be
taken as a standard, also dependent on the
experience gained in practice. In the case of
deviation the fault-finding table should, if
necessary, be consulted (Chapter 10).

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Besides the inspection during operation described in

chapter 8, the compressor requires regular 9.2 LUBRICATION DATA
maintenance. This maintenance is limited to topping The types of oil mentioned in table 3.1 on page
up or changing the lubricating oil, regular cleaning of 3.3 have the required properties and may
oil filters and gas suction strainer and to the therefore be used.
inspection of suction and discharge valves; these The choice of the type of oil depends on the
operations can be carried out by the operating operating conditions of the compressor and the
personnel. Moreover, it is recommended to have the refrigerant used; this choice should therefore be
compressor inspected annually by the installation left up to the installation engineer’s decision. It is
engineer, irrespective of the number of operating emphatically pointed out that it is not permitted
hours. A major inspection should at any rate be to mix different types of oil.
carried out after every 10,000 operating hours. If another type of oil is used, first remove all stale
oil, consequently also the oil in the filters, oil
9.1 MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE pump, crankcase, shaft seal, oil separator and oil
The maintenance schedule below indicates after drains of the installation. Oil change must take
how many operating hours maintenance place as soon as the oil is dirty. Dirty oil is dark
operations have to be carried out. This schedule coloured and hardly transparent. In order to find
can be regarded as a directive, based on the out if it is necessary to change oil, a slight quantity
experience gained with a large number of of oil should be drained via the oil drain valve and
compressors. compared with fresh oil.
For most of the maintenance operations the
compressor must be put out of action. In order to 9.3 TOPPING UP OIL WITH COMPRESSOR
avoid that this should take place at inconvenient OPERATING
times, the operations should as much as possible Topping up oil may be carried out with the
be affected during a stand-still period. The compressor operating. Use the same oil as present
schedule has been drawn up in such a way that in the compressor (refer to the listed oil on table
several operations can be carried out 3.1). Without affecting the operation of the
sumultaneously, which results in reduced compressor, the oil may be topped up by means
maintenance costs.
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
Number of 2500 2) 12,500 2)
operating
hours 100 1) 5000 10,000 10,100 15,000 20,000 etc.
Maintenance 7500 2) 17,500 2)

Cleaning of oil suction filter and
Major inspection to be
Major inspection to be
renewal of oil discharge filter × × × ×

installation engineer
installation engineer
(ref. to par. 9.6).

Cleaning of suction gas strainer
(ref. to par. 9.7). × × ×
carried out by
carried out by
Inspection of suction and

discharge valves × ×
(ref. to par. 9.8)
Draining and change of oil 3)
(ref. to par. 9.5). × × × ×
1
) time dependent on pollution.
2
) Only for NH3-compressors
3
) In the case of a possible rapid pollution of the oil, it should be drained and renewed sooner than at the times given
above.
For most of the maintenance operations the compressor must be evacuated before in order to remove
the refrigerant gas. after completion of the operations the compressor has to be purged. Both compres-
sor evacuation and purging are dealt within this chapter.

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of a separate oil pump. This pump enables the oil h) Fix a hose to this connection point and put its
to be forced into the crankcase via the oil open end at some safe place in the free air.
charging valve, against suction pressure. If this oil
j) Slowly open the pressure gauge stop valve so
pump is not available, oil can be charged by
that the discharge gas still present in the
reducing the crankcase pressure to below
compressor can escape via the hose.
atmospheric pressure. the procedure is as follows:
a) Connect a hose to the oil charging valve after k) Remove the hose.
removing the cap nut with gasket. NOTE:
Connecting the line to the lower side of the
b) Fill the hose with oil and emerge its loose end in
discharge pressure safety switch and removing the
a reservoir containing a sufficient amount of oil.
shunting of the contacts in the suction pressure
c) Close the suction stop valve to such an extent safety switch should be effected only during
that the suction pressure falls below the compressor purging after the maintenance
atmospheric pressure. operations have been completed.
d) Keep the oil charge valve open as long as the 9.5 DRAINING AND CHANGE OF OIL
oil in the crankcase has attained the equired
level again. Take care that no air is being drawn Small impurities in the refrigerant gas that are not
into the crankcase. retained by the suction strainer (for example, fly
rust, especially in the case of NH3 installations)
e) Slowly open the suction stop valve in order to eventually find their way in the lubricating oil
prevent liquid hammer. which thus becomes dirty. Therefor, in the case of
f) Remove the hose and replace the cap nut with a new installation (or after extension or alteration
gasket onto the oil charging valve. of an exisisting installation) the oil should be
renewed twice during the first 100 operating
hours of the compressor (refer to the
9.4 EVACUATION OF COMPRESSOR maintenance schedule on page 9.1).
Draining and change of oil must be carried out
a) Close the suction stop valve and check whether
with the compressor being at operating
the discharge stop valve is open.
temperature. Proceed as follows:
b) Close the stop valve in the oil return line of the a) Evacuate the compressor (refer to par. 9.4).
oil separator. b) Drain the oil via the oil charging valve. remove
c) In the case of two-stage compressors with the cover and sealing ring of one or more
injection interstage gas cooler: shut off the service openings on the compressor side.
liquid lines of the interstage cooler. c) Clean the inside of the crankcase with a
In the case of two-stage compressors with flash non-fibrous cloth (don’t use cotton waste!);
interstage cooler: refer to the plant manual. also mind the sight glass. At the same time
d) Shunt the electric contacts of the suction clean the oil filters (refer to par. 9.6, point b)
pressure safety switch. up to and including g).
e) Start the compressor and wait until the suction d) Fill the crankcase with fresh oil as far as possible
pressure is below the atmospheric pressure. via the service opening(s).
MIND: Stop the compressor immediately as soon e) Close the service opening(s) again by placing
as the lubricating oil pressure (i.e. the difference the cover(s). Especially check the condition of
between oil pressure and suction pressure) the sealing rings so as to prevent leakage
becomes lower than 1 bar. afterwards.
f) Stop the compressor and close the discharge f) Fill the crankcase further with oil by means of a
stop valve. separate oil pump via the oil charging valve
until the oil has reached the required level.
g) Close the stop valve of the discharge pressure If no separate oil pump is available, proceed
gauge and disconnect the line at the lower side with point g.
of the discharge pressure safety switch.

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g) Proceed according to the points h, i and j of the

instructions for cleaning oil filters (refer to par. MIND! The paper filter element (oil discharge
9.6). filter) should be placed on the right-hand side
of the pump.
9.6 CLEANING OF OIL FILTERS g) Screw the filter cups (do not forget the o-ring
In most cases the oil filters have to be cleaned for around the filter cup) into their corresponding
the first time after 50 operating hours. Besides filter upper housings.
thorough cleaning of the gauze filter element of h) Remove the plug on top of the suction filter
the oil suction filter, the (red) paper filter element housing; fill this housing with fresh oil and
of the oil discharge filter must be exchanged with replace the plug with a new alu ring.
the blue marked element. Also after the
installation has been extended or modified, the oil i) Purge the compressor (refer to par. 9.9).
suction filter should be cleaned and the (red) oil j) Check the oil level and top up oil as described in
discharge filter renewed as if the compressor had par. 9.3, topping up oil with compressor operating.
just been put into operation.
The time at which the next cleaning has to be
carried out highly depends on te cleanliness of the 9.7 CLEANING OF THE SUCTION GAS STRAINER
installation.
a) Evacuate the compressor (refer to par. 9.4)
Dirty oil (refer to par. 9.5) may cause clogging of
the (grey marked) oil suction filter. A strong b) Remove the bolts from the suction strainer
pollution of this filter is indicated by a falling oil cover that is most far away from the suction
pressure; in this case it is necessary to clean the line and remove the cover (if necessary, loosen
filter (ultra-soon cleaning system). It is cover with a rubber or plastic hammer).
recommended, therefore, regularly to check the c) Pull the strainer element out of the suction
oil pressure during the first 50 operating hours. strainer housing without damaging the gauze.
When the filters remain practically clean, cleaning
can take place simultaneously with the other d) Clean the element by rinsing it in a solvent.
maintenance operations. Then thoroughly dry the element preferably
To clean the (blue and grey marked) filters with compressed air.
proceed as follows: e) Check the gauze for damage.
a) Evacuate the compressor (refer to par. 9.4)
f) Slide the strainer element again into the
b) Unscrew the lower filter cup of both filter housing and fit the suction strainer cover.
housings in which event the filter elements are Check the sealing ring for proper condition.
released. Catch the oil in a beaker.
g) Purge the compressor (refer to par. 9.9).
c) Clean the gauze filter element of the oil suction
filter only using a high frequent liquid cleaning
9.8 DISMOUNTING, INSPECTION AND
system (ultra soon device). After cleaning,
RE-ASSEMBLY OF SUCTION AND DISCHARGE
thorouhly dry the element; if possible, blow
VALVES
through the filter element with compressed air
against the normal oil flow direction. Dip the The suction and discharge valves of a refrigeration
element into compressor oil and put aside. compressor are parts that are heavily loaded both
mechanically and thermally. Wear and life time of
d) Clean both filter cups and dry them with a the valves strongly depend on the working
non-fibrous cloth. conditions of the compressor.
e) Use the new set of seals! Remove and renew all A high working temperature and rapid temperature
o-rings including the centre seal of both upper variations shorten the life time of the valves, which,
filter housing. for this reason, require regular inspection.
f) Place the gauze filter element and a new (grey For dismounting, inspection and re-assembly of
marked) paper filter element in their the valves, proceed as follows (refer to fig. 9.1):
corresponding filter cups. a) Evacuate the compressor (refer to par. 9.4).

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b) Remove the cylinder head cover.

MIND! If it appears that valve parts are broken,
CAUTION! also the cylinder liner and piston of the relevant
The nuts on the long studs must be cylinder must be checked for damage.
unscrewed last, thus enabling the buffer
spring fitted under the cover to extend before The valve rings and valve seats must be
the cover is released entirely. undamaged; even the slightest damage may
easily cause breakage. Slightly damaged seat
c) Remove buffer spring.
edges may be trued up by grinding them on a
d) Lift the complete discharge valve out of the smooth plate or glass using a fine honing paste.
cylinder liner. Heavily damaged or chipped-off seat edges can
no more be repaired; in such a case a new valve
e) Remove the suction valve ring and sinusoidal
must be fitted.
spring, which are loose on the collar of the
Valve ring and/or seat should be replaced also
cylinder liner.
when, due to wear, the total score of valve ring
f) Unscrew and disassemble the discharge valve. and seat is over 0.2 mm.
g) Clean all valve parts and check them for break
The sinusoidal springs must also be
or damage
undamaged and must have sufficient slack
height (refer to the table in fig. 9.1).
REMARK!
All valve parts can be obtained separately.
h) Carefully clean all valve parts and slightly oil
them with compressor oil; then reassemble the
discharge valve.
MIND! The sinusoidal springs should be fitted

so that the convex side of the springs where
the spring profile is flat, bears against the
stroke limitor. The other side of which approx
only the outer point of the spring profile
bears, should therefore rest on the valve ring
(see fig. 9.1).
j) After reassembling the discharge valve, check
whether the valve ring and springs can be
pressed against the stroke limitor, and when
released, the valve ring is properly pressed back
on to their seat.
k) Check whether the push pins of the valve lifting
mechanism project 2.2 mm beyond the suction
1. Buffer spring valve seat.
2. Stroke limitor (discharge valve) l) Place the suction valve ring, and the sinusoidal
3. Sinusoidal springs spring on the collar of the cylinder liner, and
4. Discharge valve ring install the discharge valve and buffer spring
5. Discharge valve seat into position.
6. Sinusoidal springs
7. Suction valve ring m) Check the gasket of the cylinder head cover and
8. Collar of cylinder liner slide the cover over the studs onto the cylinder
9. Push pin of valve lifting mechanism
FIG.9.1 SUCTION AND DISCHARGE
VALVE ASSEMBLY

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head. Make sure that the buffer spring is f) Open the discharge valve and watch the
centred by the cover. Pull the cover with the discharge and suction pressure gauges,
nuts on the long studs so far down that the particularly if maintenance operations have
other studs been effected on the valves. Only the discharge
sufficiently project beyond the cover. pressure gauge may rise; if also the suction
pressure gauge rises distinctly, this is indicative
n) Screw the nuts onto the other studs and firmly
of leaking valves due, for instance, to their
tighten them.
incorrect assembly.
p) Purge the compressor (refer to par. 9.9). If necessary, remedy this defect.
g) Start the compressor and slowly open the
REMARK!
suction stop valve (mind liquid hammer!).
In order to reduce the downtime involved in this
valve inspection, it is recommended to have as h) Open the shut-off valve in the return line of the
many complete valve assemblies in stock as there oil separator.
are cylinders on the compressor.
j) For two stage compressors: open the shut-off
The valves can then be exchanged with the valves
valves in the liquid lines of the interstage cooler.
to be checked; the original valves can then be
inspected at leisure and, if necessary, repaired or k) Keep the compressor running for some minutes.
replaced.
l) Purge the refrigerating installation (refer to
9.9 COMPRESSOR PURGING plant manual).
When the compressor has been opened for
carrying out maintenance operations, it must be
purged before being put into operation again.
Purging can be effected by means of the
compressor itself, whereby the situation after
compressor evacuation is taken as a starting point.
The procedure is as follows :
a) For compressors equipped with capacity control:
Cut out as many cylinders as possible.
b) Start the compressor; the air in it is now blown
off via the line disconnected during evacuation
at the lower side of the discharge pressure
safety switch.
c) Cut in the other cylinders step-wise as soon as
the suction pressure has dropped considerably,
and wait until the suction pressure ceases to fall
or the oil lubricating pressure safety switch
becomes operative.
MIND! Immediately stop the compressor as

soon as the oil lubricating pressure (i.e the
difference between oil pressure and suction
pressure) becomes lower than 1 bar.
d) Reconnect the line to the discharge pressure
safety switch. When the discharge pressure
increases, the line must be disconnected again.
As soon as the discharge pressure no longer
increases, the line can be connected permanently.
e) Stop the compressor and remove the shunting
of the electric contats of the suction pressure
safety switch.

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10. FAULT FINDING TABLE
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The fault-finding table below may be helpful to failure must often be sought in the refrigeration
quickly trace and remedy failures that interfere installation itself. Therefore, it is necessary, in
with the proper operation of the compressor. It is addition to this fault-finding table, also to consult
emphatically pointed out that the cause of a the plant manual.
FAULT CAUSE REMEDY
A Discharge pressure too 1. Discharge stop valve not wide open enough 1. Open fully
high, according to plant 2. Discharge pressure gauge defective 2. Repair or replace
manual (discharge 3. Condenser capacity too small due to:
pressure safety switch
may possibly become op- 3a. Pollution 3a. Clean
erative) 3b. Hardly or no supply of water 3b. Increase water supply
3c. Fans do not operate 3c. Switch on fans
4. Air in the system 4. Purge system
B Cylinder temperature 1. Discharge pressure too high 1. See A

too high 2. Too many cylinders cut out 2. Cut in more cylinders
3. Suction pressure too low 3. See D
4. Exessive superheat of suction gas 4. Eliminate cause of exessive
superheat
5. For two-stage compressors: 5. Repair*
interstage cooling does not operate properly
6. Room temperature too high 6. Ventilate engine room better
7. Discharge valve defective 7. Repair or renew
8. By-pass safety valve is leaking 8. Repair or renew*
C Suction pressure too high 1. Capacity control does not operate 1. Repair*
2. Compressor capacity too small 2. Consult installation engineer
3. Suction pressure gauge defective 3. Repair or renew
4. One or more suction valves defective 4. Repair or renew
5. One or more discharge valves defective 5. Repair or renew
6. By-pass safety valve is leaking 6. Repair or renew*
D Suction pressure too low 1. Suction stop valve not wide open enough 1. Open fully
(suction pressure safety 2. Suction gas strainer poluted 2. Clean
switch may possibly be- 3. Injection control not adjusted correctly 3. Re-adjust control
come operative)
4. Too little refrigerant in installation 4. Top-up with refrigerant
5. Suction pressure gauge defective 5. Repair or renew
E Crankcase frosted or wet 1. Liquid refrigerant in crankcase due to: In the case of big amount of
just after starting, refrigerant: stop compressor and
possibly also during op- contact installation engineer
eration 1a. Room temperature too low 1a. Provide for crankcase heating or, if
provided, check it for proper
operation
1b. Return from oil separator mainly consists 1b. Contact installation engineer
of liquid refrigerant
1c. Installation operates too wet 1c. Re-adjust installation and provide
for superheat
1d. Liquid separator too small 1d. Contact installation engineer

10. FAULT FINDING TABLE
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FAULT CAUSE REMEDY
F All cylinders out of 1. Control pressure for valve lifting mechanism 1. See K
action while compressor too low
is operating
G Too high oil 1. Type of oil not according to lubrication oil 1. Consult installation engineer
consumption table 3.1 (too thin oil)
2. Compressor operates onloaded too 2. Consult installation engineer
frequently
3. No return from oil separator 3. Check the operation of float valve
in oil separator
4. O-rings around control piston of valve lifting 4. Replace O-rings
mechanism worn or defective
5. Non-return valve at the bottom of suction 5. Replace valve*
chamber in cylinder defective
6. Worn out oil scraper rings 6. Replace rings*
7. Loss of oil due to leakage 7. Repair
H Too high oil pressure 1. Lubricating oil pressure regulator not 1. Re-adjust or repair
during normal adjusted properly or defective
operation at working 2. Defective oil pressure and/or suction 2. Repair or replace
temperature pressure gauge
J Too low oil pressure 1. Tool little amount of oil in crankcase 1. Top up oil
2. Oil suction and/or discharge filter is dirty 2. Clean or renew
3. Lubricating oil pressure regulator not 3. Re-adjust or repair
adjusted properly or defective
4. Liquid refrigerant in crankcase 4. See E
5. Defective oil pressure and/or suction 5. Repair or replace
pressure gauge
6. Too large bearing clearance 6. Renew bearings*
K Too low or no control 1. Hydraulic time delay valve in oil pump is 1. Dismantle and repair oil pump*
pressure jammed
2. Relief valve in oil pump leaks 2. Disassemble and repair valve
The operation marked with an * in the column "Remedy" should be carried out by the installation engineer

STANDARD ILLUSTRATED PARTS LIST RC9
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The standard illustrated parts list on the following pages is meant for identification and accurate specification of current
spare parts. Refer to the Monitron CR instruction manual, Chapter 8, Par. 8.7, if equipped with a Monitron CR-Control.
In order to facilitate quick retrieval of the required parts, the list and corresponding figures is divided into the following
groups of parts:
PARTS LIST CORRESPONDING FIGURE

GROUP OF PARTS
Page: No.:
o Compressor housing with connections and overflow safety valves 2 RC9-1
o Bearing covers 5 RC9-2
o Crankshaft 5 RC9-3
o Piston and connecting rod 6 RC9-4
o Cylinder and valve-lifting mechanism 6 RC9-5
o Suction and discharge valve 9 RC9-6
o Rotary shaft seal 9 RC9-7
o Oil pump 10 RC9-8
o Oil filters 13 RC9-9
o Oil return line 14 RC9-10
o Suction gas strainer 14 RC9-11
o Manual operated capacity control 17 RC9-12
o Electrically operated capacity control 17 RC9-13
o Pressure gauge panel 18 RC9-14
o Safety switch panel 18 RC9-15
o Wall mounting for combi - panel 18 RC9-14/15
o Elastic coupling 21 RC9-16
o Spare parts for clamp couplings 21 RC9-17
o Standard sets of parts, seals and tools 22 -------------
o Table of oilit sealings for main connections 22 RC9-18
Figures asterisk is used instead of the Ref. no., this means that the
relevant part cannot be obtained separately.
All parts shown in the figures bear an item number.
When for some part no quantity has been given, the
Assemblies are indicated by a dotted frame with separate
quantity required depends on the compressor size. When
item number around the parts included in that particular
determining the required quantity of parts, it should be
assembly; the parts themselves bear the same item number,
considered that the listed quantities relate to the
followed by a sequence number (e.g. 2.1, 2.3, 2.3, etc.).
corresponding figure and not to the compressor as a
Parts lists whole. When ordering, for example, bearings for two
connecting rods, the quantities stated in the relevant list
The parts are specified by the headings “Item”,
must be doubled, because these apply to one connecting
“Description” “Ref. no.” and “Qty” (= Quantity). If an
rod only.
I M P O R T A N T ! How to order!
It is emphatically pointed out that a prompt despatch of the correct spare parts can be guaranteed only if the following
information is given:
1. Type designation of the compressor
shown on the compressor name plate
2. Serial number of the compressor
3. Quantity, Description and Ref. No. of the required parts.
v003.99.06.en Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 C1

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Item Description Ref. No. Qty Remarks
COMPRESSOR HOUSING WITH CONNECTIONS & OVERFLOW SAFETY

FIG. RC9-1
VALVES
1 Hex. nut M20 01.15.110 20 Qty per cylinder cover
2A Cylinder cover 441x298KA85M 23.15.502 — without temp. sensor plug holes
2B Cylinder cover 441x298KA85G13 23.15.510 — without temp. sensor plug holes
3 Oilit gasket 206x441x1.5 09.07.206 1
4 Stud M20x55 01.51.155 18 Qty per cylinder head
5 Stud M20x80 01.51.180 2
6 Cap nut G21 03.31.021 —
7 Oilit sealing ring 124x136x1.5 09.03.124 —
8 Service cover 184 05.30.184 2
9 Hex. head bolt M12x40 01.10.640 8
10 Service cover 185V65M8 05.16.666 2 Qty per cover
11 Weldable coupling 6x11 03.35.006 — on 6—cylinder compressors only
12 Stud M16x35 01.51.835 32
13 Weldable coupling 6x11 03.35.012 1
15 Oilit sealing ring 50x65x1.5 09.03.050 2

16 Sight glass 65x15 12.26.065 1 for 6—cyl. compressors: Qty x2
17 Sight glass cover 65 05.16.065 1
18 Hex. head bolt M8x30 01.10.430 6
19 Non-return valve 5 06.27.505 — 1 per cyl. head in single stage compr.
and on LP-side of two-stage compr.
20 Conical plug T13 03.65.013 — 1 per cyl. head on HP-side of two-
stage compressors
21-24 Housing of safety valves 12/21 bar:

21 Hex. head nut M10 01.15.510 6
22 Housing top half 18x8 48.13.218 1
23 Hex. head bolt M10x55 01.10.555 2
24 Hex. head bolt M10x40 01.10.540 4
25X Set of valve parts R-NH3-12 RC9 48.27.512 1 for 12 bar-type valve
25Y Set of valve parts R-NH3-21 RC9 consisting of: 48.27.522 1 for 21 bar-type valve
25.1 Valve disc 0x23x3 09.42.230 1
25.2 Valve guide 22x75 48.40.322 1
25.3X Spring 4.5x25x9.5x83 11.31.452 1 in item 25X

25.3Y Spring 5x25x9.5x87 11.31.502 1 in item 25Y
25.4 Adjusting washer M16x28 11.13.829 — Qty depends on adjustment
25.6 Oilit sealing ring 61x71x1.5 09.03.063 1
26 Housing top half 48.02.621 1
27X Set of valve parts 12 bar LP 48.27.524 1

27Y Set of valve parts 21 bar HP 48.27.525 1
C2 Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v003.99.06.en

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RC9-1

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RC9-2
RC9-3

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BEARING COVERS FIG. RC9-2

1 Bearing cover assy KA85MSB * 1 Oil pump side
1.1 Bearing cover KA85M 21.14.921 1
1.2 Cylindrical pin 4x12 11.06.412 1
1.3 Bearing sleeve 65x72x65 11.46.766 1
1.4 Stud M12x138 01.51.617 6
2 Bearing cover assy KA85M SUB A * 1 Drive side

2.1 Bearing cover B KA85 21.14.931 1
2.3 Bearing sleeve 65x72x62 11.46.767 1
2.4 Stud M12x35 01.51.635 6
2.5 Thrust ring 72x102x15 11.68.172 1
2.6 Thrust disc 71x109x1 11.68.171 1
3 Qilit sealing ring 242x258x1 09.02.242 2 1 mm thick

Oilit sealing ring 242x258x1.5 09.03.242 2 1.5 mm thick
4 Hex. nut M16 01.15.810 32
CRANKSHAFT FIG. RC9-3

1A Crankshaft E-KA20 22.15.202 1 2-cyl. compressor
(with approval) K-KA20 22.15.212 1
1B Crankshaft E-KA40 22.15.402 1 3 and 4-cyl. compressor
1C Crankshaft E-KA60 22.15.602 1 6-cyl. compressor
1.1 Crankshaft E/K-RC9 * 1

1.3 Carrier disc 57x9 11.25.009 1
1.4 Locking bolt M6x16 01.65.316 4
1.5 Spacer assy 65x130x36A 11.12.966 1
1.5.1 Fitted bolt M10 01.24.501 2 for 3-cyl. compressor only!
1.5.2 Spacer 65x130x36 * 1
1.5.3 Lock nut M10 01.45.500 2
2 Key 16x10x56 11.02.656 1

3 Hub locking disc M16x82 19.15.882 1
4 Locking plate M16xM8 11.14.848 1 to be supplied with flywheel or
5 Washer M8 11.13.401 4 flexible coupling
6 Hex. head bolt M8x30 01.10.430 4

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PISTON AND CONNECTING ROD FIG. RC9-4

1 Piston assy S110x40x110FA85 24.06.000 1
1.1 Gudgeon pin 28x40x90RC9 24.20.300 1
1.2 Piston * 1
1.3 Set of piston rings 110KA85 09.74.114 1
1.4 Snap ring 40 11.04.040 2
2a Con rod assy S65x210KA85 24.06.500 1 in single-stage compr. and in LP-

2.1a Bearing bush 40x46x38 11.46.440 1 cyl. of two-stage compressors
2.2a Connecting rod E70x210KA85 * 1
2b Con rod assy 65x210RC9 HD 24.21.550 1

2.1b Needle bearing RNA 69/32 11.63.452 1 in HP-cyl. of two-stage compr. only
2.2b Connecting rod 70x210RC9 HD * 1
2.3 Bearing shell 65x30 11.44.365 1

2.4 Con rod bolt MF12 01.11.601 2
2.5 Locking plate M12 11.19.600 2
2.6 Hex. nut MF12 01.47.605 2
CYLINDER AND VALVE LIFTING MECHANISM FIG. RC9-5

1 Cylinder liner 110FA85 23.06.000 1
2 Lifting bush FA85 27.06.600 1
3a Oilit sealing ring 150x160x1 09.02.150 1 1 mm thick
3b Oilit sealing ring 150x161.5x1.25 09.01.150 1 1.25 mm thick
3c Oilit sealing ring 150x160x1.5 09.03.150 1 1.5 mm thick
4 Valve-lifting mechanism * 1
4.1 Plug G33 01.36.336 1
4.2 O-ring 3x33 09.52.300 1
4.3 Piston housing FA55M 27.10.501 1 with O-ring groove only 1)
4.4 Spring 3.2x22x9x80 11.31.322 1
4.5 Control piston 27.10.520 1
4.6 Lever FA55 27.10.550 1
4.7 O-ring 3.53x23.4 09.52.360 1
4.8 O-ring 3.5x36 09.52.348 1
4.9a Cover 060G13 05.38.013 1
4.10a Hex. head bolt M10x25 01.10.525 2 for 2- and 4-cyl. compressors
4.11a Nipple coupling 6G13 03.38.136 1
4.9b Cover KA60x85A 27.14.605 1
4.10b Socket head screw M10x20 01.04.520 2 for 6-cyl. compressors only
4.11b Nipple coupling 6G10 03.38.106 1
5 Oilit gasket 20x58x1.5 09.07.020 1 for housing (4.3) with gasket recess
O-ring 09.52.367 1 for housing (4.3) with O-ring groove1
6 Stud M8x22 01.51.422 4
7 Washer M8 11.13.401 4
8 Hex. nut M8 01.15.410 1
1
) This piston housing (Ref. Nr. 27.10.501) always includes an O-ring with Ref. Nr. 09.52.367.

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RC9-4
RC9-5

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RC9-6
RC9-7

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SUCTION AND DISCHARGE VALVE FIG. RC9-6

1 Spring 18x111x3x118 11.31.183 1
2a Discharge valve assy RC9A 27.21.101 1 for all refrigerants, except R502
2.1a Socket head screw M6x25 01.04.325 2

2.2a Stroke limitor RC9 27.20.350 1
2.3a Sinusoidal spring 90x115 * 4
2.4a Discharge valve ring 90x115x1 * 1
2.5a Valve seat RC9B 27.20.102 1
2b Discharge valve assy RC9-R502 27.21.111 1 for refrigerant R502 only

2.1b Fitted bolt M16x74 01.24.874 1
2.2b Self-locking nut M16 01.45.800 1
2.3b Stroke limitor RC9-R502 27.20.360 1
2.4b Sinusoidal spring 90x115 * 3 R502:use only 3 of 4 springs
of set 11.34.850!
2.5b Discharge valve ring 90x115x1 * 1
2.6b Valve seat RC9-R502 27.20.111 1
3 Sinusoidal spring 121x150 * 1

4 Suction valve ring 121x150x1 * 1
5 Set of discharge valves and springs 11.34.850 1 one set per cylinder
6 Set of suction valve and springs 11.34.852 1 one set per cylinder
ROTARY SHAFT SEAL FIG. RC9-7

1 Shaft seal housing RC9 26.06.211 1
2 Alu sealing ring 17x21x1 09.12.016 1
3 Nipple 12G17 03.38.171 1
4 Hex. nut M12 01.15.610 6
1
5 Shaft seal assy 060-B, incl. O-ring pos. 6 09.62.910 1 )
Shaft seal assy 060-B 09.62.067 1 for Grasso Chiller application only 1)
5.1 Slip ring assy * 1
5.1.1 O-ring 3.53x59.72 09.52.359 1
5.2 Counter slip ring assy * 1
5.2.1 O-ring 3.53x69.44 09.52.318 1
6 O-ring 5.33x133.4 09.52.540 1

7 Plug G21 01.36.216 1
8 Nipple coupling 12G21 03.38.212 1
9 Bent steel precision tube ø12x1.5 mm 04.02.212 1
1
) A mounting instructions leaflet is always supplied with each complete shaft seal.

Grasso

OIL PUMP FIG. RC9-8
1 Gear pump RC9 18.10.150 1
1.1 Pump housing KA85M 26.14.501 1
1.2 Gear wheel 2x17G18 19.37.467 2 obtainable as set only
1.3 Gear wheel 2x17D18 19.37.417 1
1.4 Bearing bush 18x24x61 11.46.718 1
1.5 Bearing bush 18x24x44 11.46.418 2
1.6 O-ring 5.33x133.4 09.52.540 2
1.7 Spacer plate KA85 26.14.700 1
1.8 Pump cover KA85 26.14.600 1
1.9 Plunger 10K110M 26.16.801 1
1.10 Plunger piston 30K110 26.17.830 1
1.11 Spring 1.1x15x15x97 11.31.117 1
1.12 Alu sealing ring 34x44x1 09.12.034 1
or O-ring 3x33 09.52.300 1
1.13 Plug G33 01.36.336 1
1.14 Alu sealing ring 13.5x20x1 09.12.014 1
1.15 Nipple coupling 6G13 03.38.136 1
1.16 Tee-coupling E6x6x6 03.40.306 1
1.18 Steel ball W10 11.19.006 1
1.19 Spring 1.25x9.5x9.5x36 11.31.137 1
1.20 Plug 01.36.140 1
1.21 Hex. head bolt M6x35 01.10.335 2

1.22 Spring seat 11.06.811 1
2 Hex. nut M12 01.15.610 6
3 O-ring 5.33x133.4 09.52.540 1
4 Washer M12 11.13.601 6

Grasso
RC9-8

Grasso
RC9-9

Grasso
OIL FILTERS FIG. RC9-9

1X Oil suction filter assy RC9 07.15.909 1 on compr. types RC29, RC49 & RC219
1Y Oil suction filter assy RC9 07.15.969 1 on compr. types RC69 & RC429
1.1 Filter upper housing * 1

1.2 Swivel coupling 16G21 03.39.216 1
1.3 Steel precision pipe 16 x2 * --
1.4 Weldable nipple G21L * 1 form one welded piece
1.5 Union nut G21R * 1
1.6 Pipe end G21 * --
1.8 Union socket G21RxG21L 03.29.921 1
1.9 Stop valve TAH8 06.07.013 1
1.10 Cap nut K21R 01.17.021 1
1.11 Steel precision pipe 16 x2 * --
1.13 Plug G21 01.36.216 2
1.15 Set of sealing rings 09.90.030 1
1.16 Gauze filter element (blue marked on top) 07.16.695 1
1.17 Filter cup 25 * 1
1.18 Spring * 1
1.19 Ring nut * 1
2 Oil discharge filter assy RC9 07.15.809 1

2.1 Filter upper housing * 1
2.2 Swivel coupling 16G21 03.39.216 1
2.3 Steel precision pipe 16x2 * --
2.5 Plug G21 01.36.216 2
2.7 Set of sealing rings 09.90.030 1
2.8 Discharge Paper filter element set 20.38.124 1 Sealings included
2.9 Filter cup 25 * 1

2.10 Spring * 1
2.11 Ring nut * 1
2.12 Steel precision pipe 16x2 * --


Grasso
OIL RETURN LINES FIG. RC9-10

1a Oil return line G21x360 44.05.924 1 2-cyl. compressor
1b Oil return line G21x400 44.05.945 1 3- and 4-cyl. compressor
1c Oil return line G21x440 44.05.964 1 6-cyl. compressor
1.1 Valve housing H9K * —

1.2 Alu sealing ring 21.5x27x1 09.12.022 1
1.3 Steel ball W16 11.19.010 1
1.4 Spring 1.25x14x9x3.55 11.31.134 1
1.5 Thrust bolt G21x60S 01.35.218 1
1.6 O-ring 1.78x8.73 09.52.184 1
1.7 Nipple G21CxG21 03.04.921 1
1.9 Cap nut GK21R 01.17.021 1
1.10 Weldable coupling 6x11 03.35.006 1
2 Coupling 12G21 03.38.212 1

3 Weldable coupling 6x11 03.46.028 1
SUCTION GAS STRAINER FIG. RC9-11

1 Suction strainer housing * 1
2a Hex. haed bolt M16x60 01.10.860 8
3a Blind flange 89B 05.14.089 1 RC29, RC49 and RC219
4a Oilit ring 98x112x1.5 09.03.098 2
5a Hex. nut M16 01.15.810 8
2b Hex. head bolt M20x70 01.10.170 8

3b Blind flange 108B 05.14.108 2 RC69 and RC429
4b Oilit ring 117x131x1.5 09.03.117 2
5b Hex. nut M20 01.15.110 8
6 Weldable coupling 6x11 03.35.006 —

8 Flange 89-60 05.02.261 1 RC29, RC49 and RC219
9a Strainer element 360x110 07.16.360 1 RC29

9b Strainer element 600x110 07.16.600 1 RC49 and RC219
2 RC69 and RC429

Grasso
RC9-10
RC9-11

Grasso
1.15 1.14 1.13 1.12 1.11 1.10 1.9 1.6 1.8 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3 1.2 1.1
1.16A 1.3
1.17 1.16B
2
1.18 4
3
RC9-12
RC9-13

Grasso
MANUALLY OPERATED CAPACITY CONTROL FIG. RC9-12

1 Manually capacity control 6x6G13 12.73.114 1
1.1 Oil distributor housing * 1
1.2 Plug G13 01.36.136 1
1.3 Alu sealing ring 13.5x20x1 09.12.014 —
1.4 Spring 0.75x5.2x7.5x18 11.31.083 1
1.5 Steel ball W6 11.19.004 1
1.6 Ball bearing 6004 * 2
1.7 Distributor spindle 42x106 * 1
1.8 O-ring 2.5x10 09.52.252 2
1.9 O-ring 3.5x44 09.52.350 1
1.10 Cover 90x15 * 1
1.11 Indication plate 088 11.76.088 1
1.12 Bush 8x8 48.46.108 1
1.13 Socket head screw M10x20 01.04.520 3
1.14 Hand grip 040 02.49.040 1
1.15 Cylinder head screw M4x20 01.68.220 1
1.16A Swivel coupling 6G13 03.39.136 — total quantity: 5
1.16B Plug G13 01.36.136 —
1.17 Nipple coupling 6G13 03,38,136 1
1.18 Countersunk head screw M5x10 01.69.910 4
2 Hex. head bolt M8x16 01.10.416 4

3 Lock washer M8 11.13.401 4
4 Support I180x240 02.34.824 1 except 6-cylinder compressors
ELECTRICALLY OPERATED CAPACITY CONTROL FIG. RC9-13

1 Support I80x240 02.34.824 1
2 Support L30x110A 02.38.313 1
3 Hex. head bolt M8x16 01.10.416 2
4 Serrated lock washer M8 11.13.403 2
5 Hex. nut M8 01.15.410 2
6 Three-way solenoid valve 220HB 06.80.410 —
6.1 Valve coil 110-120/50-60 13.16.311 —
220-240/50-60 13.16.322 —
7 Socket coupling 6G10 03.37.106 1
8 Angle coupling EV6x6 03.52.006 (2)
9 Tee-coupling EV6x6x6 03.54.006 (2) quantities per valve
10 Nipple coupling 6G10 03.38.106 2
11 Socket head screw M5x8 01.04.208 2
12 Hex. nut M4 01.15.211 2
13 Washer M4 11.13.201 2
14 Cylinder head screw M4x16 01.68.216 2
15 Junction box (synthetic) * 1
15.1 Lamp, bayonet fixing:
24V 13.08.624 —
48V 13.08.648 —
110V 13.08.610 —
220V 13.08.620 —
16 Connector 13.16.610 1 Without LED
13.16.611 1 With 220V-AC/DC LED
13.16.615 1 With 48V-AC/DC LED

Grasso

PRESSURE GAUGE PANEL FIG. RC9-14
1 Pressure gauge
Discharge pressure NH3-P-100 12.10.113 1 NH3, single stage and two stage
(except booster) R-P/100 12.12.113 1 R22, single stage and two stage
Suction pressure, intermediate NH3-Z-100 12.10.114 1 single-stage NH3

pressure and 2 two-stage NH3 and booster NH3
discharge pressure-Booster) R-Z-100 12.12.116 1 single-stage R22
2 two-stage R22 booster R22
NH3-0-100 12.15.114 1 NH3/halocarbons

Oil pressure R-0-100 1
2 Stop valve TAH4C 06.07.007 1
3 Alu sealing ring 6.5x11x1 09.12.007 1
4 Union socket G21RxG21L 03.29.921 1 quantities per gauge
5 Hex. nut MF12 01.47.605 1
6 Clamping sleeve S6 03.34.106 2
7 Union nut MF12x1.5 03.51.006 2
8 Hex. nut M10 01.15.510 2
9 Mounting strip * 1
10 Hex. head bolt M10x20 01.10.520 2
11 Hex. head bolt M6x45 01.10.345 2
12 Front panel * 1
13 Spacer sleeve 13.7x2.2x31 * 2
14 Hex. nut M6 01.15.310 2
STANDARD SAFETY SWITCH PANEL FIG. RC9-15
1 Panel 5x100 * 1
2 Hex. head bolt M10x50 01.10.550 2
3 Spacer sleeve 17.1x2.3x34 * 2
4 Hex. nut M10 01.15.510 2
5 Grommet 2-13 09.24.212 2
6 Cylinder head screw M4x50 01.68.250 6
7 Hex. nut M4 01.15.211 6
8 Lock washer M4 11.13.203 6
9 Discharge pressure safety switch
type RT5 (R12, R22, etc.) 12.61.151 1
type RT5A (NH3) 12.60.151 1
10 Suction pressure safety switch
type RT1 (R12, R22, etc.) 12.61.121 1
type RT1A (NH3) 12.60.121 1
11 Oil pressure safety switch
type MP55 (R12, R22, etc.) 12.61.232 1
type MP55A (NH3) 12.60.232 1
type RT260A (NH3, R12, R22, etc.) 12.60.240 1
12 Alu sealing ring 8x14.5x1 09.12.008 4 for NH3
13 Socket coupling 6G17 03.37.176 4
14 Socket coupling 6F6 03.37.906 4
15 Union nut * 4 for halocarbons
16 Clamping sleeve S6 03.34.106 4
17 Tee-coupling S6x6x6 03.40.006 1
WALL MOUNTING FOR COMBI-PANEL FIG. RC9-14/15
15/20 Support 100x30 02.32.341 2
16/21 Wedge bolt M10x80 01.28.380 4

Grasso
4
5 6 7 15 16
6
8
9
7
10
11 12 13 14
RC9-14
RC9-15

Grasso
RC9-16
RC9-17

Grasso
ELASTIC COUPLING FIG. RC9-16

1a Coupling type 42 (complete) * 1
1.1a Coupling element 42 19.18.842 1
1b Coupling type 61 (complete) * 1 to facilitate mounting, a steel strip is
1.1b Coupling element 61 19.18.861 1 clamped around the coupling ele-
1c Coupling type 91 (complete) * 1 ment, which must be removed
1.1c Coupling element 91 19.18.891 1 before putting the compressor into
1d Coupling type 182 (complete) 1 operation
1.1d Coupling element 182 19.18.818 1
2 Clamping sleeve * 1
3 Tire clamp (coupling tool) 15.08.232 1 for coupling element 42 1)
Tire clamp (coupling tool) 15.08.244 1 for coupling element 61 1)
4 Hub locking disc M16x82 19.15.882 1

5 Locking plate M16xM8 11.14.848 1 to be supplied with flywheel or
6 Washer M8 11.13.401 1 flexible coupling
7 Hex. head bolt M8x30 01.10.430 4
PARTS FOR CLAMP COUPLINGS FIG. RC9-17

to be used on clamp couplings
with reference number:
03.37.106
03.37.176
1a Clamping sleeve P6 03.34.506 — 03.38.131
2a Union nut M12x1.5 (DIN 2353) * — 03.38.136
03.39.136
03.40.006
Union nut M14x1.5 (DIN 2353) * — 03.35.006
1b Clamping sleeve P16 03.34.516 — 03.35.016

2b Union nut MF24x1.5 (DIN 2353) * — 03.38.212
3 Clamping sleeve S6 03.34.106 — 03.52.006

4 Union nut MF12x1.5 (special) 03.51.006 — 03.54.076
1
) When ordering this tire clamp always indicate the type number of the elastic coupling.

Grasso
STANDARD SETS OF PARTS, SEALS AND TOOLS NO FIGURE
Qty for compressor types

Item Description Ref. No.
RC29 RC219/49 RC429/69
1 Set of special tools 20.20.010 1 1 1
2 Basic set of spare parts 20.20.021 1 1 1

Additional set of spare parts 20.20.031 — 1 2
3 Basic set of gaskets and seals 09.90.007 1 1 1

Additional set of gaskets and seals 09.90.008 1 2 3
OILIT SEALING RINGS FOR SUCTION-, INTERMEDIATE- AND DISCHARGE CONNECTIONS (FIG. RC9-18)
COMPRESSOR (LP) SUCTION INTERMEDIATE (HP) DISCHARGE
LP DISCHARGE HP SUCTION
MODEL SIZE PART NO. SIZE PART NO. SIZE PART NO. SIZE PART NO.
RC29 98X112X1.5 09.03.098 48X58X1.5 09.03.048

SINGLE-
STAGE
RC49 98X112X1.5 09.03.098 67X81X1.5 09.03.067
RC69 98X112X1.5 09.03.098 84X98X1.5 09.03.084
RC219 98X112X1.5 09.03.098 48X58X1.5 09.03.048 48X58X1.5 09.03.048 48X58X1.5 09.03.048

STAGE
TWO-
RC429 84X 98X1.5 09.03.084 48X58X1.5 09.03.048 84X98X1.5 09.03.084 84X98X1.5 09.03.084
FLANGE NO. 1 FLANGE NO. 2 FLANGE NO. 3 FLANGE NO. 4

Grasso
RC9-18

Grasso

Grasso
v002.97.10.en Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9

Please contact your office:
Grasso Products B.V. P.O. Box 343 • 5201 AH ’s-Hertogenbosch • The Netherlands
Phone: +31 (0)73 - 6203 911 • Fax: +31 (0)73 - 6231 286 • E-Mail: [email protected]
Grasso GmbH Holzhauser Straße 165 • 13509 Berlin • Germany

Refrigeration Technology Phone: +49 (0)30 - 43 592 6 • Fax: +49 (0)30 - 43 592 777

RC9 Instruction Manual For Refrigeration Compressors

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RC9 Instruction Manual For Refrigeration Compressors

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What are the main components of the refrigeration compressor described in the manual?

RC9

Instruction Manual For Refrigeration Compressors

Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v003.99.06.en

SUBJECT ................................................................................................................................................ See page:

v002.97.10.en Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 Page I

Page II Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v002.97.10.en

This instruction manual is intended as a guide for

v002.97.10.en Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 Page 1.1

Page 1.2 Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v002.97.10.en

A refrigerating plant is used in cases where a certain

v002.97.10.en Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 Page 2.1

Page 2.2 Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v002.97.10.en

3.1 GENERAL TECHNICAL DATA

Single-stage compressors Two-stage compressors

Cylinder bore mm 110

Rotational speed min. rev/min 600

Max. discharge pressure (on pressure gauge) max. bar(e) 21.0

Max. discharge temperature max. °C 170

Max. oil temperature (measured on suction line to oil suction max. °C 70

Direction of rotation normally counter-

v002.97.10.en Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 Page 3.1

Page 3.2 Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v002.97.10.en

COMPRESSOR MAIN CONNECTIONS OTHER CONNECTIONS

7 Discharge pressure connection clamp coupling for

RC219 ø43 ø43 ø43

10 Return oil separator

v002.97.10.en Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 Page 3.3

Page 3.4 Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v002.97.10.en

cylinders liner and jacket serves as suction

FIG. 4.1 CONSTRUCTION OF THE COMPRESSOR

v002.97.10.en Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 Page 4.1

A Oil supply from internal

B Oil to oil pressure regulator

C Oil leakage drain of rotary

FIG. 4.2 ROTARY SHAFT SEAL

Page 4.2 Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v002.97.10.en

2. Spring cup, also discharge

3. Discharge valve ring

4. Suction valve stroke limitor,

5. Suction valve ring

6. Cylinder liner, also

v002.97.10.en Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 Page 4.3

5. Suction valve ring

A Control oil pressure

FIG. 4.4 VALVE—LIFTING MECHANISM

Page 4.4 Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v002.97.10.en

A To lubrication system via crankshaft

v002.97.10.en Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 Page 4.5

After starting the compressor, the through-flow of

A External oil return line

FIG. 4.6 LUBRICATION SYSTEM

Page 4.6 Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v002.97.10.en

end of the crankcase, from where it flows back to

v002.97.10.en Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 Page 4.7

Page 4.8 Refrigeration Compressors Series RC9 v002.97.10.en