Measures of Central Tendency Ungrouped Data

Measures of Central Tendency – Ungrouped Data
Measures of Central Tendency

Description of statistical data can be quite brief or elaborate depending on the nature of the
data or what we intend to do. Sometimes, presenting data as they are, in raw form and letting them
speak for themselves may be quite satisfactory but, data summarized further by means of appropriate
statistical description give more useful information. One of these apropriate statistical description is the
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY.
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY of a given set of data is the value around which the whole set of
data tend to cluster. It is represented by a single number which
summarizes and describes the whole set.
The most commonly used measures of central tendency are :

a. arithmetic mean
b. median
c. mode
MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY OF UNGROUPED DATA
Ungrouped data - refer to data not organized into frequency distribution.
1. Arithmetic Mean – maybe defined as an arithmetic average.

- it is the sum of the observed values divided by the number of observations.
- it is a computed average and its magnitude is influenced by every value in the set.
- it is the location measure most frequently used, but can be misleading when the
distribution contains extremely large or small values.
FORMULAS
n
Ʃ Xi
u = __i = 1_____
N
where : u ( read as mu ) = population mean

N = total number of items in the population
X i = the ith observed value
Ʃ = ( summation symbol ) means the sum of
i = value of each item
n
Ʃ Xi
X̅ = __i = 1___
n
where : X̅ ( read as bar x ) = sample mean

n = total number of items in the sample
A. UNWEIGHTED or SIMPLE MEAN - takes into consideration each of the item value without regard to
their relative importance.
Example :
What is the mean age of a group of 8 children whose ages are : 8, 8 ½, 9, 10, 9 ½, 10, 12, 13 ?
Solution :
Given : n = 8
n
Ʃ Xi
X̅ = __i = 1___
n
= 8 + 8 ½ + 9 + 10 + 9 ½ + 10 + 12 + 13
8
= _80_
8
= 10 years old
B. WEIGHTED MEAN - takes into consideration the proper weights assigned to the observed values
according to their relative importance.
n
Ʃ
X̅ = __i = 1__Wi Xi____________
Ʃ Wi
Where : Wi = weight of each item

X i = value of each item
X̅ = mean
Example :
A market vendor sold 3 dozens of eggs at P72.00 per dozen, 5 dozens at P77.40 per
dozen, and 2 dozens at P85.80 per dozen. Find the weighted mean price per dozen of eggs the
vendor sold.
Solution : X̅ = _W1 X1 +__ W2 X2 +__W3 X3___
W 1 + W2 + W 3
= 3 ( P72.00 ) + 5 ( P P77.40 ) + 2 ( P85.80 )
3 + 5 + 2
= P216.00 + P387.00 + P171.60
10
= P774.60
10
= P77.46 per dozen
2. MEDIAN - is the midpoint of the distribution.

- half of the values in the distribution fall below the median, and the other half fall above it.
- for distribution having an even number of arrayed observations, the median is the average
of the two middle values.
- for odd number of arrayed observations, the median is the middle value.
- is the most appropriate locator of center, since it has resistance to extreme value.
- it is a positional average, hence, its value depends on its position relative to the number of
observations in the array and on the number of items in the distribution.
Examples :
1. Find the median of the following set of observations : 1, 8, 7, 4, 3
Solution :
Array the set of observations and find the median.
1, 3, 4, 7, 8
The median is 4, which is the middle item.

2. Compute for the median from the following set of data : 14, 12, 7, 9, 10, 6
Solution :
Array the data and compute for the median.
6, 7, 9, 10, 12, 14
Median = 9 + 10
2
= 9.5
3. MODE - the value that appears with the highest ( greatest ) frequency.
- the value that appears most often.
Examples :
1. Determine the mode of the following distribution : 3, 8, 10, 5, 3, 5, 2, 5, 7
The mode is 5. It is uni-modal.
2. Find the mode of the following distribution : 20, 15, 10, 9, 7, 20, 10, 10, 20
The modes are 20 and 10.
3. Determine the mode of the following distribution : 7, 5, 10, 23, 11, 8, 15
There is no mode since all frequencies are not repeated.
Activity:
1. The following distribution are the scores obtained by 10 applicants in the Entrance
Examination for 1st year college of ABM School:
60 75 85 90 98 80 75 75 95 90
Find the: a. mean
b. median
c. mode
2. In a certain Statistics class, a student obtained a score of 90 in a 30-minute quiz, a

score of 85 in a one hour quiz and a score of 88 in a 1 ½ hour quiz. Find the
student’s mean score in the 3 tests.

Measures of Central Tendency Ungrouped Data

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Measures of Central Tendency – Ungrouped Data

Measures of Central Tendency

The most commonly used measures of central tendency are :

MEASURES OF CENTRAL TENDENCY OF UNGROUPED DATA

Ungrouped data - refer to data not organized into frequency distribution.

1. Arithmetic Mean – maybe defined as an arithmetic average.

where : u ( read as mu ) = population mean

where : X̅ ( read as bar x ) = sample mean

Where : Wi = weight of each item

2. MEDIAN - is the midpoint of the distribution.

The median is 4, which is the middle item.

2. In a certain Statistics class, a student obtained a score of 90 in a 30-minute quiz, a

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