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    Definitions and Theorems For Circle Geometry

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    Paula Fana
    This document defines key terms related to circles such as radius, diameter, chord, tangent, and secant. It also lists several theorems about angles and segments formed within and about circles, such as: the chord central angles theorem which states that congruent chords determine congruent central angles; the tangent theorem which states a tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point of tangency; and the inscribed angle theorem which states an inscribed angle is half the measure of the central angle.

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    Definitions and Theorems For Circle Geometry

    Uploaded by

    Paula Fana
    364 views8 pages
    This document defines key terms related to circles such as radius, diameter, chord, tangent, and secant. It also lists several theorems about angles and segments formed within and about circles, such as: the chord central angles theorem which states that congruent chords determine congruent central angles; the tangent theorem which states a tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point of tangency; and the inscribed angle theorem which states an inscribed angle is half the measure of the central angle.

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    Definitions and Theorems for Circle geometry

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    This document defines key terms related to circles such as radius, diameter, chord, tangent, and secant. It also lists several theorems about angles and segments formed within and about circles, such as: the chord central angles theorem which states that congruent chords determine congruent central angles; the tangent theorem which states a tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point of tangency; and the inscribed angle theorem which states an inscribed angle is half the measure of the central angle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    364 views8 pages

    Definitions and Theorems For Circle Geometry

    Uploaded by

    Paula Fana
    This document defines key terms related to circles such as radius, diameter, chord, tangent, and secant. It also lists several theorems about angles and segments formed within and about circles, such as: the chord central angles theorem which states that congruent chords determine congruent central angles; the tangent theorem which states a tangent is perpendicular to the radius at the point of tangency; and the inscribed angle theorem which states an inscribed angle is half the measure of the central angle.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
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    Download as pdf or txt
    of 8

    CIRCLE DEFINITIONS AND THEOREMS

    DEFINITIONS
    Circle- The set of points in a plane equidistant from a
    given point(the center of the circle).

    Radius- A segment from the center of the circle to a


    point on the circle(the distance from the center to a
    point on the circle.)

    Circumference – distance around the edge of the


    circle

    Congruent Circles- two circles with the same radius.

    Diameter – A segment that goes through the center


    of the circle, with both endpoints on the edge of the
    circle.
    DI is the diameter.
    Chord - A line segment that goes from one point to CH is a chord.
    another on the circle's circumference. DO and OI are both radii.
    Diameter  2* radius.
    1
    Radius  * diameter
    2
    Tangent – a line that intersects a circle at only one
    point. The radius at the point of tangency is
    perpendicular to the tangent line.

    TG is a tangent line.
    The point of tangency is the point T.
    OT is a radius and TG  OT

    Secant – a line that intersects a circle at two points.

    SE is a secant line.

    Inscribed Angle - an angle made from points sitting


    on the circle's edge.

    A and C are "end points"


    B is the "apex point"
    Central angle- an angle with vertex at the center of the
    circle

    Arc – part of the circumference (edge) of the circle.

    The measure of an arc is equal to the measure of

    the central angle formed by its endponts. AB is an arc


    AOB is a central angle.
    mAOB  mAB

    Arcs are named by their endpoints. The dashed arc to the


    right would be called "arc AB". or "arc BA", the order of
    the endpoints does not matter. As a shorthand this can be
    written as the letters AB with a curving line above them
    Example: which is read "arc AB".

    Notice that this naming can be ambiguous. For example it


    may mean the major arc AB, where you go the long way
    around the bottom of the circle. Unless stated otherwise, it
    always means the minor arc - the shortest of the two.
    Minor arc – arc whose measure is less that 180
    If you want to indicate the major arc, add an extra point degrees.
    and use three letters in the name. For example in the
    Major arc – arc whose measure is greater than 180
    diagram on the right the major arc is indicated by ACB degrees.
    which is the long arc from A to B going around the bottom
    via C. Semicircle arc - arc whose measure = 180 degrees.

    There are two measures of an arc


    1. The length of the arc
    2. The angle of the arc

    Here is a semicircle arc with a central angle of 180° it


    covers exactly half of the circumference.The endpoints A
    and B lie on the diameter of the circle.When naming this
    arc, we use an extra point C, now we have arc ACB. The
    third point tells us which half of the circumference the
    semicircle arc covers. If there are just two points we
    presume that the named arc is the smallest one on the
    circumference, the minor arc (as long as the arc is not a
    semicircle where both arcs are the same size).
    THEOREMS
    Chord Central Angles Theorem If two
    chords in a circle are congruent, then they
    determine two central angles that are
    congruent.

    Chord Arcs Theorem If two chords in a


    circle are congruent, then their intercepted
    arcs
    are congruent.

    Perpendicular to a Chord Theorem The


    perpendicular from the center of a circle to a
    chord is the bisector of the chord.

    Chord Distance to Center Theorem


    Two congruent chords in a circle are
    equidistant
    from the center of the circle.
    Perpendicular Bisector of a Chord
    Theorem The perpendicular bisector of a
    chord
    passes through the center of the circle.
    Tangent Theorem A tangent to a circle is
    perpendicular to the radius drawn to the
    point of tangency.

    Tangent Segments Theorem Tangent


    segments to a circle from a point outside the
    circle are congruent.
    Inscribed Angle Theorem The measure
    of an angle inscribed in a circle is one-half
    the measure of the central angle.

    Inscribed Angles Intercepting Arcs


    Theorem Inscribed angles that intercept the
    same arc are congruent.

    Angles Inscribed in a Semicircle


    Theorem Angles inscribed in a semicircle
    are right angles.

    Cyclic Quadrilateral Theorem The


    opposite angles of a cyclic quadrilateral are
    supplementary.

    Parallel Lines Intercepted Arcs If BC || AD,


    Theorem Parallel lines intercept congruent
    arcs on arcAB  arcCD
    a circle.
    MORE
    CIRCLE
    THEOREMS!!!

    Intersecting Chords Theorem


    The measure of an angle formed by two
    chords that intersect within a circle is one-
    halfthe sum of the measures of the arcs
    intercepted by the angle and its vertical angle.

    Tangent-Chord Angle Theorem


    The measure of an angle formed by a tangent and
    a chord drawn to the point of tangency is one-half
    the measure of the intercepted arc.

    AC is the chord, CD is the tangent BC is the chord, CD is the tangent


    1 1
    m1  mABC m2  mBC
    2 2

    EC is the chord, CD is the tangent


    1
    m3  mAEC
    2
    Two Secant Angle Theorem
    The measure of an angle formed when two secants
    intersect at a point outside the circle
    is one-half the difference of the measures of the two
    intercepted arcs.

    Tangent-Secant Angle Theorem


    If an angle is formed by a secant and a tangent
    that intersect in the exterior of a circle, then
    the measure of the angle is one-half the difference
    of the measures of its intercepted arcs.

    Tangent-Tangent AngleTheorem
    If an angle is formed by two intersecting tangents,
    then the measure of the angle is onehalf
    the difference of the measures of the intercepted
    arcs (the major arc minus the minor arc)

    DEFINITIONS
    Tangent Circles – circles that intersect at
    only one point.

    Internally tangent Externally tangent


    Line of Centers
    - the line (or line segment) containing
    the centers of both circles.

    Tangents to two circles


    Given two circles, there are lines that are tangents to both of them at the same time.

    If the circles are separate (do not intersect), there are four possible common tangents:

    Two external tangents Two internal tangents


    If the two circles touch at just one point, there are three possible tangent lines that are common to both:

    If the two circles touch at just one point, with one inside the other, there is just one line that is a tangent to both:

    If the circles overlap - i.e. intersect at two points, there are two tangents that are common to both:

    Line of Centers
    - the line (or line segment) containing
    the centers of both circles.

    Intersecting Chords Lengths Thoerem


    If two chords intersect within a circle, then the
    product of the lengths of the segments of one
    chord is equal to the product of the lengths of the
    segments of the other chord.
    Secant Segments from an External
    Point Theorem
    If two secant segments are drawn to a circle from
    an external point, then the products of
    the lengths of each secant with its external
    segment are equal.

    Central Angle /Intercepting Arc


    Correlation Theorem
    In a circle (or in congruent circles) containing two
    unequal central angles, the larger angle
    corresponds to the larger intercepted arc (and vice
    versa!)

    Tangent-Secant Segment Length


    Theorem
    If a tangent segment and a secant segment are
    drawn to a circle from an external point,
    then the square of the length of the tangent
    equals the product of the length of the secant
    with the length of its external segment.

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