SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING COLLEGE

(An Autonomous Institution)

SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

VII SEMESTER

EC8093 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

Regulation – 2017

Academic Year 2020-2021(ODD SEM)

Prepared by
Mr. R. Issan Raj, Assistant Professor (Sr.G) – EIE
Mr. G. Shiva, Assistant Professor (O.G) - EIE
 SRM VALLIAMMAI ENGINEERING
COLLEGE
(An Autonomous Institution)
SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur – 603 203.

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & INSTRUMENTATION ENGINEERING

QUESTION BANK

SUBJECT : EC8093 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING

SEM / YEAR: VII / IV Year B.E - EIE

Unit I - DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS

Steps in Digital Image Processing – Components – Elements of Visual Perception – Image Sensing and
Acquisition – Image Sampling and Quantization – Relationships between pixels - Color image
fundamentals - RGB, HSI models, Two-dimensional mathematical preliminaries, 2D transforms - DFT,
DCT.
PART A
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. List the colour models involved in hardware. BTL 1 Remembering
2. Specify the basic components of image processing system. BTL 1 Remembering
3. Illustrate the term ‘Image’. BTL 2 Understanding
4. Briefly describe about fovea. BTL 1 Remembering
5. Mention the applications of image processing. BTL 1 Remembering
6. Classify image sensing sensors and give short note. BTL 1 Remembering
7. What are the primary and secondary colours? BTL 1 Remembering
8. Summarize the membranes of human eye. BTL 2 Understanding
9. Short answer about the terms: Hue, Saturation, Grey level. BTL 2 Understanding
10. How a digital image can be represented? BTL 2 Understanding
11. Construct the photonic electromagnetic spectrum. BTL 3 Applying
12. Identify the various multispectral bands and their applications. BTL 3 Applying
13. Outline the function of an image sensor. BTL 4 Analyzing
14. Relate the difference between regions and boundaries. BTL 3 Applying
15. Point out the steps for analog to digital conversion, state its need. BTL 4 Analyzing
16. Examine about adjacency and connectivity. BTL 4 Analyzing
17. Compare Brightness and Contrast. BTL 5 Evaluating
18. Explain the term Weber ratio and Quantization. BTL 5 Evaluating
19. Discuss that how an image to be sensed by human eye? BTL 6 Creating
20. Compose about 4 connectivity, 8 connectivity and m connectivity in BTL 6 Creating
pixels.
PART- B
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. In detail explain the fundamental steps involved in digital image BTL 1 Remembering
processing systems. (13)
 2. What are the components of digital image processing system? Write BTL 1 Remembering
in detail about each block. (13)
3. (i) Summarize the human visual perception system in detail with BTL 2 Understanding
necessary diagrams. (7)
(ii) Explain CMY and CMYK colour models. (6)
4. Interpret in detail about: BTL 2 Understanding
(i) RGB model (7)
(ii) HSI model (6)
5. (i) Give in detail about image acquisition system. (7) BTL 2 Understanding
(ii) Illustrate how the image is digitized by sampling and
quantization process (6)
6. Describe in detail about: BTL 3 Applying
(i) Various sensors (7)
(ii) Image acquisition systems (6)
7. (i) Conclude that how the digital images to be represented give in BTL 4 Analyzing
detail. (7)
(ii) Analyze that how the image formation takes place in eye and
state the principle of operation of brightness adaption and
discrimination. (6)
8. Distinguish the following terms and brief each: BTL 4 Analyzing
i) Adjacency ii) Connectivity iii) Region iv)Boundary (13)
9. Evaluate the various colour models. Explain each of them in detail. BTL 5 Evaluating
(13)
10. Compose in detail about: BTL 6 Creating
(i) Image sampling (7)
(ii) Quantization (6)
11. (i) Identify the applications of image processing (5) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Write about image representation system. (8)
12. Define briefly the following terms: i) image restoration ii) BTL 1 Remembering
Compression iii) Segmentation iv) morphological processing. (13)
13. (i) With diagram explain the principle operation of human eye. (7) BTL 3
BTL 3 Applying
(ii) Demonstrate about various chromic models. (6)
14. Classify the various parameters of image processing: i) Band number BTL 4 Analyzing
ii) Spectrum, iii) wave lengths, iv) applications. (13)
PART – C
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. Construct suitable examples for the various relationships between BTL 6 Creating
pixels and describe them in detail. (15)
2. Assess about image quantization and sampling and their importance BTL 5 Evaluating
and need in digital image processing. (15)
3. Evaluate about the various colour models with appropriate examples. BTL 5 Evaluating
(15)
4. Integrate the need for various steps in digital image processing. BTL 6 Creating
Explain their prominence of each block. (15)
 UNIT II - IMAGE ENHANCEMENT
Spatial Domain: Gray level transformations – Histogram processing – Basics of Spatial Filtering–
Smoothing and Sharpening Spatial Filtering, Frequency Domain: Introduction to Fourier Transform–
Smoothing and Sharpening frequency domain filters – Ideal, Butterworth and Gaussian filters,
Homomorphic filtering, Color image enhancement.
PART- A
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. Discuss about image filtering? BTL 2 Understanding
2. Summarize about histogram equalization. BTL 2 Understanding
3. Explain the two categories of image enhancement. BTL 2 Understanding
4. List various gray level transformation techniques. BTL 1 Remembering
5. Recall the term histogram specification. BTL 1 Remembering
6. Specify the need for image enhancement. BTL 4 Analyzing
7. What is spatial domain method? BTL 1 Remembering
8. Describe about Histogram? BTL 1 Remembering
9. Distinguish between smoothing and sharpening filters. BTL 4 Analyzing
10. Explain the mechanics of spatial filtering. BTL 5 Evaluating
11. Define frequency domain method. BTL 1 Remembering
12. Write expression for Gray, Log and Gamma transformations. BTL 1 Remembering
13. Identify the different type of derivative filters in DIP. BTL 3 Applying
14. Demonstrate the effect of under sampling process. BTL 3 Applying
15. Illustrate with examples for linear and nonlinear filters? BTL 2 Understanding
16. Examine the need for transform. BTL 3 Applying
17. Evaluate the 2D sampling theorem. BTL 5 Evaluating
18. Categorize the various frequency domain filters. BTL 4 Analyzing
19. Construct the 2D Fourier transform and its inverse. BTL 6 Creating
20. Estimate the link between spatial and frequency domain filtering. BTL 6 Creating
PART – B
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. Describe histogram equalization. Obtain Histogram equalization for
the following image segment of size 5 x 5? Write the inference on BTL 2 Understanding
image segment before and after equalization. (13)
2. Infer the difference between spatial correlation and convolution. BTL 4 Analyzing
Explain each with identical example. (13)
3. (i) Explain the histogram equalization method of image BTL 2 Understanding
enhancement. (7)
(ii) Discuss histogram specification technique in detail with
equations. (6)
4. Develop the basics to explain with example: BTL 3 Applying
(i) Spatial smoothening (7)
(ii) Spatial sharpening (6)
5. (i) Obtain Histogram and Histogram equalization for a given
image (4 x 4) – 4 bit per pixel is given by BTL 6 Creating
10 12 8 9
10 12 12 14
 12 13 10 9
14 12 10 12 (7)
(ii) Find the convolution of the sequences f={0,0,0,1,0,0,0},
w = {1,2,3,2,8} (6)
6. (i) Deduce about spatial enhancement techniques and Median BTL 5 Evaluating
filtering. (7)
(ii) Compare the various image transformation techniques. (6)
7. (i) With example explain in detail about spatial averaging. (7) BTL 3 Applying
(ii) Describe in detail about various types of mean filters. (6)
8. Show the various techniques in frequency domain to enhance an BTL 1 Remembering
image with necessary examples. (13)
9. Illustrate the 2D Fourier transform and its pair. State and prove their BTL 2 Understanding
property. (13)
10. (i) State and explain sampling theorem in 2D. (7) BTL 1 Remembering
(ii) Write about aliasing in Images. (6)
11. Tabulate the various filters available under frequency domain forBTL 1 Remembering
image enhancement. (13)
12. Write detail note about BTL 1 Remembering
(i) Spatial and Frequency domain enhancement (7)
(ii) Discrete Fourier Transform (6)
13. (i) Point out the comparison between smoothing & sharpening in BTL 4 Analyzing
frequency domain (3)
(ii) Analyze the performance of following smoothing filters
a) Ideal Low Pass Filter (3)
b) Butterworth Low Pass Filter (3)
c) Gaussian Low Pass Filter (4)
14. (i) Distinguish between spatial & frequency domain image BTL 4 Analyzing
enhancement (3)
(ii) Classify the performance of following sharpening filters
a) Ideal HPF (3)
b) Butterworth HPF (3)
c) Gaussian HPF (4)
PART – C
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. Estimate the constraints of histogram equalization and technique of
histogram processing in detail. (15) BTL 6 Creating
2. Compose about the various grey level transformations with examples
and plot the graph of the transformation functions. (15) BTL 5 Evaluating
3. Evaluate about the various filters in terms of their performance. (15) BTL 5 Evaluating
4. Integrate about the Fourier transform in frequency domain and the
combining sinusoids of frequency content. (15) BTL 6 Creating
 UNIT III - IMAGE RESTORATION
Image Restoration - degradation model, Properties, Noise models – Mean Filters – Order Statistics –
Adaptive filters – Band reject Filters – Band pass Filters – Notch Filters – Optimum Notch Filtering –
Inverse Filtering – Wiener filtering
PART A
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. Develop the equation of Alpha –trimmed mean filter. Creating
BTL 6
2. Compose the equation for converting wiener filter into inverse filter. Creating
BTL 6
3. Classify order statistic filter. Understanding
BTL 2
4. Can you recall the need of image restoration? Remembering
BTL 1
5. Identify the drawback of inverse filtering. How it can be overcome? Applying
BTL 3
6. What do you meant by Midpoint filter Remembering
BTL 1
7. Define blind image restoration. Remembering
BTL 1
8. What is the principle of Inverse filtering? Remembering
BTL 1
9. Why the restoration is called as unconstrained restoration? Remembering
BTL 1
10. Compare constrained and unconstrained Restoration Analyzing
BTL 4
11. Define image degradation model and sketch it Remembering
BTL 1
12. Construct the image restoration model. Applying
BTL 3
13. Give the difference between Enhancement and Restoration. Understanding
BTL 2
14. What are the advantages of homomorphic filtering? Understanding
BTL 2
15. When will be a constrained least square filter (CLS) reduce to an Understanding
inverse filter? BTL 2
16. Compare Median filter and Midpoint filter Evaluating
BTL 5
17. Demonstrate about adaptive median filter. Applying
BTL 3
18. Distinguish between image enhancement and image restoration Analyzing
BTL 4
19. Why blur is to be removed from images? Analyzing
BTL 4
20. Summarize the drawbacks of inverse filtering Evaluating
BTL 5
PART – B
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. (i) Discuss the concept of inverse and pseudo inverse filters for image Understanding
restoration. (6)
BTL 2
(ii) What spatial transformation techniques are used for image
restoration? Explain them in detail. (7)
2. Develop the algorithm for following filtering Creating
(i) Adaptive filtering (6) BTL 6
(ii) LMS filter (7)
3. (i) Classify the types of order statistic filter. (4) Analyzing
BTL 4
(ii) Simplify the operations of order statistic filter. (9)
 4. Demonstrate inverse filtering for removal of blur caused by any motion Remembering
and describe how it restores the image. (13) BTL 1
5. Derive a wiener filter for image restoration and specify its advantages Applying
over inverse filter. (13) BTL 3
6. How wiener filter is helpful to reduce the mean square error when image is Analyzing
corrupted by motion blur and additive noise. (13) BTL 4
7. Write the necessity for restoration process in image processing and Understanding
explain the process in detail. (13) BTL 2
8. Summarize about the following noise model with their probability Remembering
BTL 1
density function and their plots.
i) Gaussian Noise (4)
ii) Rayleigh Noise (3)
iii) Gamma Noise (3)
iv) Exponential noise (3)
9. (i) Explain how image restoration can be performed for black and white Analyzing
binary images. (7) BTL 4
(ii) Compare image restoration with image enhancement. (6)
10. Asses the Periodic noise reduction by frequency domain filtering using Evaluating
(i) Band reject filters (4) BTL 5
(ii) Band pass filter (4)
(iii) Optimum notch filtering (5)
11. Describe constrained least square filtering for image restoration and Remembering
derive its transfer function. (13) BTL 1
12. (i) Draw the block diagram for image degradation model and explain. Remembering
BTL 1
(7)
(ii) Explain the use of Wiener filtering in Image restoration. (6)
13. (i) Summarize about the various types of Mean filters with their Understanding
BTL 2
respective mathematical representation. (8)
(ii) Describe about Max and min filters and Mid point filter with their
equation. (5)
14. (i) Demonstrate about the various ways to estimate the degradation Applying
function for use in Image restoration with their respective BTL 3
mathematical model. (9)
(ii) Illustrate about Notch filters and give its transfer function. (4)
PART-C
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. Develop the wiener filter or least mean square filter in image Evaluating
BTL 5
restoration. (15)
2. Design the algorithm for following filtering Creating
(i) Adaptive filtering (7) BTL 6
(ii) LMS filter (8)
3. Design the optimum Notch filter for periodic noise reduction by Creating
BTL 6
frequency domain filtering. (15)
4. Design constrained least square filtering for image restoration and Evaluating
BTL 5
derive its transfer function. (15)
 UNIT IV - IMAGE SEGMENTATION
Edge detection, Edge linking via Hough transform – Thresholding - Region based segmentation – Region
growing – Region splitting and merging – Morphological processing- erosion and dilation, Segmentation
by morphological watersheds – basic concepts – Dam construction – Watershed segmentation algorithm.
PART A
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. Develop the conditions for region splitting and Merging processes. Creating
BTL 6
2. Give two applications of image segmentation. Remembering
BTL 1
3. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of using more than one seed Evaluating
in a region growing technique. BTL5
4. Describe thresholding and mention its types. Understanding
BTL 2
5. Formulate how the derivatives are obtained in edge detection Creating
BTL 6
6. Classify the types of edges in the digital image. Analyzing
BTL 4
7. List the various methods of thresholding in image Remembering
segmentation. BTL 1
8. Define local thresholding for edge detection? Remembering
BTL 1
9. Summarize about region growing. Understanding
BTL 2
10. Write the equation to find relative data redundancy. Remembering
BTL 1
11. Validate the types of data redundancy. Evaluating
BTL5
12. Illustrate the condition to be met by the partitions in region based Applying
segmentation. BTL 3
13. What are the factors affecting the accuracy of Region growing? Understanding
BTL 2
14. State the conditions for Region splitting and Merging Remembering
BTL 1
15. Differentiate between local and global thresholding technique for image Analyzing
segmentation. BTL 4
16. Identify the detection of discontinuity in an image using segmentation. Applying
BTL 3
17. Identify the role of multiresolution analysis in image processing. Applying
BTL 3
18. Categorize video compression standards. Analyzing
BTL 4
19. How edges are linked through Hough transform? Understanding
BTL 2
20. What is an image pyramid? Remembering
BTL 1

PART – B
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. (i) Illustrate region based segmentation and region growing with Applying
BTL 3
examples. (8)
(ii) Examine how to construct dams using morphological operations. (5)

2. Apply the laplacian operator for detection of isolated points and lines in Applying
image segmentation. (13) BTL 3
 3. (i) What do you mean by optimal thresholding in detail and how do you Remembering
BTL 1
obtain the threshold for image processing? (7)
(ii) Tabulate the different types of thresholding for segmentation. (6)
4. Evaluate the following terms: Evaluating
(i) Region merging. (3) BTL5
(ii) Erosion and dilation. (3)
(iii) Discuss about edge detection and edge linking method. (7)
5. Develop the optimum global Thresholding using Otsu’s method. (13) Creating
BTL 6
6. (i) Summarize the process of edge linking using Hough transform. (7) Understanding
(ii) Explain region based segmentation technique. (6) BTL 2
7. Relate region splitting and merging technique for image segmentation Understanding
with suitable examples. (13) BTL 2
8. (i) Summarize about Region merging. (3) Understanding
BTL 2
(ii) Describe about the Edge detection and edge linking methods. (10)

9. (i) How edge detection is performed in digital images using: Remembering

BTL 1
a) Laplacian operator. (2)
b) Sobel operator. (2)
c) Prewitt operator and compare their outcomes. (3)
(ii) How morphological processing is applicable for image processing.
(6)
10. Describe about the canny edge detector with necessary equation and also Remembering
BTL 1
write its algorithm. (13)

11. (i) Analyze about edge pixels through global processing. (7) Analyzing
(ii) Examine Watershed segmentation algorithm. (6) BTL 4

12. (i) Explain about the use of motion in segmentation both spatially and Analyzing
BTL 4
in the frequency domain with necessary equation. (9)
(ii) Analyze how Markers used for controlling over segmentation. (4)
13. Analyze about the segmentation methods by Morphological watershed Analyzing
method. (13) BTL 4

14. Describe about the Marr-Hilldreth edge detector used in image Remembering
segmentation with necessary equations. (13) BTL 1

PART-C
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. Design the canny edge detector with necessary equation and also write Evaluating
its algorithm. (15) BTL 5
2. Design Marr-Hilldreth edge detector used in image segmentation with Evaluating
necessary equations. (15) BTL 5
3. Develop the Hough transform to perform global processing of image. Creating
(15) BTL 6
4. Design the optimum global thresholding using Otsu’s method. (15) Creating
BTL 6
 UNIT V - IMAGE COMPRESSION AND RECOGNITION
Need for data compression, Huffman, Run Length Encoding, Shift codes, Arithmetic coding, JPEG
standard, MPEG. Boundary representation, Boundary description, Fourier Descriptor, Regional
Descriptors – Topological feature, Texture - Patterns and Pattern classes - Recognition based on
matching.
PART A
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. Short note about the term ‘entropy’. What is the relevance in image BTL 2 Understanding
processing?
2. Recall the concept of run length coding. BTL 1 Remembering
3. Define compression ratio. BTL 1 Remembering
4. What is training pattern and training set. BTL 3 Applying
5. What is meant by Erosion and dilation? BTL 1 Remembering
6. Formulate the Equation of circularity ratio of regional descriptors. BTL 6 Creating
7. Estimate the equation of third moment of statistical approach for BTL 5 Evaluating
texture descriptor.
8. Summarize convex hull and convex deficiency concepts. BTL 2 Understanding
9. Mention the various image and video compression standards BTL 1 Remembering
10. Determine the approaches used in image processing to describe the BTL 5 Evaluating
texture of a region.
11. What are the operations performed by error free compression? BTL 1 Remembering
12. How JFEG standard is useful to image processing? BTL 4 Analyzing
13. Discuss about arithmetic coding BTL 2 Understanding
14. Explain the features of Pattern classes. BTL 2 Understanding
15. Develop the steps for Shape number in image segmentation? BTL 3 Applying
16. Classify the types of image representations. BTL 4 Analyzing
17. Write the special features of Fourier descriptors. BTL 1 Remembering
18. Investigate the performance metrics used for evaluating image BTL 6 Creating
compression.
19. Identify the various topology applied in image processing. BTL 3 Applying
20. Describe Topological features? BTL 4 Analyzing
PART-B
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. Discuss in detail about run length encoding with an example. (13) BTL 2 Understanding

2. Solve and find a Huffman code and average length of the code and its BTL 3 Applying
redundancy for the source emits letters from an alphabet
A={a1,a2,a3,a4,a5} with probabilities P(a1)==0.2, P(a2)=0.4,
P(a3)=0.2, P(a4)=0.1 and P(a5)=0.1. (13)
3. (i) With a block diagram explain shift coding approach for image BTL 1 Remembering
compression. (7)
(ii) Describe the stages in MPEG image compression standard. (6)
4. Explain the different types of boundary descriptors with suitable BTL 2 Understanding
diagrams. (13)
5. What are all the object recognition method used in image processing BTL 3 Applying
for decision making methods? How that methods apply in pattern
classification. (9+4)
6. Write in detail note about the following BTL 1 Remembering
 (i) Textures (4)
(ii) Shape numbers (3)
(iii) Fourier descriptors (3)
(iv) Pattern classes (3)
7. (i) Classify the Regional descriptors (5) BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Examine the regional descriptors with basic diagrammatic
representations. (8)
8. (i) Categorize Relational descriptors with examples. (3) BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Analyze the relational descriptors with basic equations, find
which method is best. (10)
9. (i) Elaborate the decision theoretic methods for recognition. (9) BTL 6 Creating
(ii) Formulate the recognition based on matching method with
equations. (4)
10. Evaluate the need for image compression. How run length encoding BTL 5 Evaluating
approach is used for compression? Is it lossy? Justify. (13)
11. Explain the structural methods of object recognition BTL 2 Understanding
(i) Matching shape numbers. (7)
(ii) String matching. (6)
12. Write short notes on: BTL 1 Remembering
(i) Arithmetic coding. (7)
(ii) JPEG standards. (6)
13. Write the concepts of following methodologies BTL 1 Remembering
(i) Shift codes (4)
(ii) MPEG standard (5)
(iii) Simple boundary descriptors. (4)
14. (i) Classify the different methods of image representation. (2) BTL 4 Analyzing
(ii) Analyze the properties of Fourier descriptors. (4)
(iii) Analyze the different approaches of pattern and pattern classes.
(7)
PART-C
Q.No Questions BT Competence
Level
1. Design the JPEG base line standard for compression and BTL 5 Evaluating
reconstruction of an 8x8subimage. (15)
2. Develop the Bayes classifier for Gaussian Pattern classes for object BTL 5 Evaluating
recognition (15)
3. Design a coder which a source emits letters from an alphabet BTL 6 Creating
A={k1,k2,k3,k4,k5} with probabilities P(k1)=p(k3)=0.2, P(k2)=0.4,
P(k4)= P(k5)=0.1, entropy = 2.122bits/symbol. Find a Huffman code
for this source and the average length of the code and its redundancy.
(15)
4. Develop the tag for the sequence 1 3 2 1 for the probabilities P(1)=0.8, BTL 6 Creating
P(2)=0.02, P(3)=0.1813. How an image is compressed using JPEG
Image compression standard? (15)