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    Case Study 1 (Muscular) - ALS

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    Samantha Aquino
    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive nervous system disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control. It causes muscle atrophy and weakness that usually begins in a limb and progresses to affect other areas. Eventually, it affects muscles needed for movement, speaking, eating, and breathing. Risk factors include older age, male sex, family history of ALS, and certain occupations involving toxin exposure. There is no cure for ALS, but managing symptoms can help prolong life.

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    Case Study 1 (Muscular) - ALS

    Uploaded by

    Samantha Aquino
    90 views5 pages
    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive nervous system disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control. It causes muscle atrophy and weakness that usually begins in a limb and progresses to affect other areas. Eventually, it affects muscles needed for movement, speaking, eating, and breathing. Risk factors include older age, male sex, family history of ALS, and certain occupations involving toxin exposure. There is no cure for ALS, but managing symptoms can help prolong life.

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    Tags: Muscular disease, ALS, Nursing, Case Study, Anaphy

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    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive nervous system disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control. It causes muscle atrophy and weakness that usually begins in a limb and progresses to affect other areas. Eventually, it affects muscles needed for movement, speaking, eating, and breathing. Risk factors include older age, male sex, family history of ALS, and certain occupations involving toxin exposure. There is no cure for ALS, but managing symptoms can help prolong life.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    90 views5 pages

    Case Study 1 (Muscular) - ALS

    Uploaded by

    Samantha Aquino
    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), also known as Lou Gehrig's disease, is a progressive nervous system disease that affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing loss of muscle control. It causes muscle atrophy and weakness that usually begins in a limb and progresses to affect other areas. Eventually, it affects muscles needed for movement, speaking, eating, and breathing. Risk factors include older age, male sex, family history of ALS, and certain occupations involving toxin exposure. There is no cure for ALS, but managing symptoms can help prolong life.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    of 5

    Aquino, Ma. Samantha T.

    September 23, 2020


    BSN – 1B A&P – Case study 1

    Introduction:

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis or ALS is a progressive nervous system disease that


    affects nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord, causing muscle control loss. It is often
    called Lou Gehrig's disease or motor neuron disease. This degenerative neurological
    disorder causes muscle atrophy, and paralysis usually begins with muscle twitching and
    weakness in a limb or slurred speech. Eventually, ALS affects control of the muscles
    needed to move, speak, eat, and breathe.

    Signs (Objective) :

    A person diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis could experience garbled


    speech or may have difficulty in swallowing, tripping or falling, difficulty in making ordinary
    daily activities, spasticity, fasciculations, and weight loss.

    Symptoms (Subjective) :

    A person diagnosed with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis could feel muscle cramps
    and twitching of muscles, weakness in the leg, feet, ankles, and depression.

    Causes:
    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis affects the nerve cells that control the body's
    voluntary muscle movements such as walking and talking. ALS triggers the motor neuron
    to weaken and die. The motor neurons spread from the brain to the spinal cord to the
    muscles through the body. If the motor neurons are damaged, it stops sending messages
    to the muscles meaning the muscles cannot function.
    Pathophysiology:

    Genetic/ hereditary Environmental factors

    Genes or environment interaction


    might trigger the motor
    neuron

    Excitotoxicity (Nerve cell damage)

    Mitochondrial dysfunction Will occur


    Protein aggregation in the cell
    RNA toxicity body of
    Oxidative stress axon

    Inflammation in the nerve cell includes:


    Axonal transport dysfunction
    Axonal retraction
    Neurofilament accumulation
    Oligodendrocyte dysfunction

    Synaptic failure will turn the normal muscle to


    atrophied

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)


    Risk Factors:

    Many factors could be associated with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, but the most
    recognized risk whose sex is an older male, age range from 40 years old to mid-'60s, and
    with a family history of ALS. There are also environmental risks that could trigger ALS like
    smoking, an electric occupation associated with toxin exposure corresponding to metal
    and lead, body mass index, and physical fitness and dietary intakes. ALS is most likely to
    occur to athletes, military service providers, and hard laborers, such as construction
    workers, carpenters, farms, and production workers.

    Complications:

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis could develop into several complications such as


    breathing problems like aspiration, pneumonia, lung failure. Second is speaking
    problems, which are described in the signs like a slurred speech of a patient. It usually
    starts with a mild slurring of words, which eventually develops into a severe one. The third
    is eating problems; since the muscles in muscles in the mouth cannot control much while
    swallowing, there is a higher risk of getting the food, liquid, or saliva into the lungs, which
    can cause pneumonia. Moreover, it can also cause weight loss to the patient who is
    diagnosed with ALS.

    Preventions:

    To prevent the amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, an intake or consuming high


    carotenoid-rich foods may decrease the risk of ALS. Wherein Carotenoids can be found
    in bright colored foods like red, orange, and yellow. Carotenoids make the fruit color
    orange, red and yellow, and it is known to have a high dietary source of Vitamin A.
    Moreover, lutein can also slow down ALS because of the antioxidant component; it is
    mostly found in dark green plants.
    Photographs related to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

    A normal nerve cell compared to a nerve cell diagnosed with sclerosis.

    Stephen Hawking a famous theoretical physicist was diagnosed with ALS.

    A patient diagnosed with ALS in a specialized electrical wheelchair.


    References:

    ALS May Be Prevented By Eating Colorful Fruits And Vegetables. (2020). Retrieved 23
    September 2020, from https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/255513#What-is-
    ALS?
    Encyclopedia, M., & (ALS), A. (2020). Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS): MedlinePlus
    Medical Encyclopedia. Retrieved 23 September 2020, from
    https://medlineplus.gov/ency/article/000688.htm
    Fang, F., Ingre, C., Roos, P., Kamel, F., & Piehl, F. (2015). Risk factors for amyotrophic
    lateral sclerosis. Clinical Epidemiology, 181. doi: 10.2147/clep.s37505
    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | pathology. (2020). Retrieved 23 September 2020, from
    https://www.britannica.com/science/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis
    Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis - Causes, Symptoms, Treatment, Diagnosis -
    MedBroadcast.com. (2020). Retrieved 23 September 2020, from
    https://medbroadcast.com/condition/getcondition/amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis
    Excitotoxicity and cell damage. (2020). Retrieved 23 September 2020, from
    https://www.sciencedaily.com/terms/excitotoxicity.htm#:~:text=Excitotoxicity%20is%20th
    e%20pathological%20process,NMDA%20receptor%20and%20AMPA%20receptor.
    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) - Symptoms and causes. (2020). Retrieved 23
    September 2020, from https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/amyotrophic-
    lateral-sclerosis/symptoms-causes/syc-20354022
    Van den Bos, M., Geevasinga, N., Higashihara, M., Menon, P., & Vucic, S. (2019).
    Pathophysiology and Diagnosis of ALS: Insights from Advances in Neurophysiological
    Techniques. International Journal Of Molecular Sciences, 20(11), 2818. doi:
    10.3390/ijms20112818
    H., F., Clara, M., & G., A. (2013). Pathophysiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.
    Current Advances In Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. doi: 10.5772/56562
    (2017 March 14). 2-Minute Neuroscience: Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS).
    Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kOnk9Hh20eg
    (2014 August 26). ALS - Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | Miscellaneous | Health & Medicine
    | Khan Academy. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tKDET9t8VTI

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