Acn-Practical Manual

CO5I Advanced Computer Network 2019-20
Advanced Computer Network
ADVANCED COMPUTER NETWORK
22520
Practical Manual
2019-2020
Prepared By:-
Mr.Palwe R.M.,
Lecturer in Computer Engineering,
M.M.Polytechnic, Thergaon
Computer Engineering Program Vision
To develop technically proficient and competent professional’s with latest

technology and ethical values to serve society.
Computer Engineering Program Mission
• To impart latest and sound technical education

• To provide strong theoretical and practical knowledge of computer
engineering branch with an emphasis to maintain software and hardware
systems.
• Groom students with necessary skills and ethical values.
Program Educational Objectives ( PEO's)
• PEO1: To prepare students for successful careers in Industry that meet the
needs of Indian and multinational companies.
• PEO2: To develop the ability among students to synthesize data and technical
concepts for application to product design.
• PEO3: To provide opportunity for students to work as part of teams on
multidisciplinary projects.
• PEO4: To prepare diploma Students to pursue higher education and research
• PEO5: 5 To promote students for life-long learning and make them aware of
professional ethics and codes of professional practice.
COURSE OUTCOMES
CO1: Implement network layer protocol
CO2: Configure IPv6 network
CO3: Choose routing protocol in given network situation
CO4: Implement different transport layer protocols
CO5: Configure various application layer protocols
Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that
Mr. /Ms _________________________________________________________________________
Roll-No. ________________________ of Fifth Semester of Diploma in Computer
Engineering of Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic has completed the lab
satisfactorily in course Advanced Computer Network(22520) for the academic
year 2019-20as prescribed in the curriculum.
Place ______________ Enrollment No ______________________
Date _______________ Exam Seat No _______________________
Course Coordinator HOD Principal

[Mr.Palwe R.M.] [Mr.Solanke V.S.] [Mrs.Joshi G.S.]
Seal of
Instiitute
INDEX
Date of Date of Sign of

Sr. No Name of Experiment Marks
Performance Submission Staff
From given data find
1 subnet,broadcast,range,subnet
bits
Capture ICMPv4 packets

2 generated by Utility programs
3 Configure IPv6 network
4 Configure static IP routing
5 Configure RIP IP routing
6 Configure OSPF IP routing
7 Run different SCTP Commands
8 Configure DHCP
9 Configure DNS
10 Configure FTP & HTTP
Configure SMTP,POP3,IMAP
11
Configure MIME,SNMP
12
TOTAL
Practical No.1
IPv4 Addressing and Sub netting

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Given an IP address and network mask, determine other information about the IP
address such as:
• Network address
• Network broadcast address
• Total number of host bits
• Number of hosts
Given: IP Address: - 70.12.100.132

Network Mask: -
255.255.255.192
To find: Network address:-First address = (any address) AND (network mask)
= 70.12.100.132 AND 255.255.255.192
= 70.12.100.128
Network broadcast address:-Last address = (any address) OR [NOT (network mask)]

= 70.12.100.132 OR 0.0.0.63
= 70.12.100.191
Total number of host bits: - 32-26 = 6 bits

Number of hosts:-N  232- n in which n is the prefix length and N is the number of addresses in the
block.
= 26= 64 hosts
Q 1. Given an IP address, network mask, and subnetwork mask, determines other

information about the IP address such as:
• The subnet address of this subnet
• The broadcast address of this subnet
• The range of host addresses for this subnet
• The maximum number of subnets for this subnet mask
• The number of hosts for each subnet
• The number of subnet bits
• The number of this
subnet Example:--
Consider class a ip address 10.0.0.0 the its default subnet mask is 255.0.0.0 which means we can
represent it by
10.0.0.0/8 the “/” factor indicates the CIDR value
If we decide to block some of the bits to minimize no of host in any given subnet then that technique is
called as variable length subnet masking (VLSM)
Let us see the example where we borrow some bits from host part and minimize the count to an extent
and create small independent N/W’s of big N/W .Or even we can say that we want 8 N/W out of 1 big
n/w then we will observer following N/W created with their VLSM 255.224.0.0 and no of hosts per
subnet 2 21=2097152 - 2=2097150
ID Subnetwork Broadcast First Host Last
Host 1 10.0.0.010.31.255.255 10.0.0.110.31.255.254
2 10.32.0.0 10.63.255.255 10.32.0.1 10.63.255.254
3 10.64.0.0 10.95.255.255 10.64.0.1 10.95.255.254
4 10.96.0.0 10.127.255.255 10.96.0.1 10.127.255.25

4
5 10.128.0.0 10.159.255.255 10.128.0.1 10.159.255.25
4
6 10.160.0.0 10.191.255.255 10.160.0.1 10.191.255.25
4
7 10.192.0.0 10.223.255.255 10.192.0.1 10.223.255.25
4
8 10.224.0.0 10.255.255.255 10.224.0.1 10.255.255.25
4
Practical No.2
USE OF PING AND TRACERT / TRACEROUTE AND ARP UTILITIES

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Diagnostic commands help you detect TCP/IP networking problems. Some of the diagnostic commands
are arp, hostname, ipconfig, netstat, ping, route, and tracert.
i) arp
This diagnostic command displays and modifies the IP-to-Ethernet or Token Ring physical address
translation tables used by the Address Resolution Protocol (ARP).
Syntax
arp -a [inet_addr] [-N [if_addr]]

arp -dinet_addr [if_addr]
arp -sinet_addrether_addr [if_addr]
Parameters
-a Displays current ARP entries by querying TCP/IP. If inet_addr is specified, only the IP and
physical addresses for the specified host are displayed.
-d Deletes the entry specified by inet_addr
-s Adds an entry in the ARP cache to associate the IP address inet_addr with the physical address
ether_addr. The physical address is given as 6 hexadecimal bytes separated by hyphens. The IP
address is specified using dotted decimal notation. The entry is static. It will not be automatically
removed from the cache after the timeout expires and will not exist after a reboot of your computer.
-N [if_addr] Displays the ARP entries for the network interface specified by if_addr. ether_addr
Specifies a physical address. if_addr Specifies, if present, the IP address of the interface whose
address translation table should be modified. If not present, the first applicable interface will be used.
inet_addr Specifies an IP address in dotted decimal notation.
ii) hostname
This diagnostic command prints the name of the host on which the command is used.
Syntax
hostname -- This command has no parameters.
iii) ipconfig
This diagnostic command displays all current TCP/IP network configuration values. This command is
useful on computers running DHCP because it enables users to determine which TCP/IP configuration
values have been configured by DHCP. If you enter only ipconfig without parameters, the response is
a display of all of the current TCP/IP configuration values, including IP address, subnet mask, and
default gateway.
Syntax
ipconfig [/all | /renew [adapter] | /release [adapter]]

Parameters
all Produces a full display. Without this switch, ipconfig displays only the IP address, subnet mask,
and default gateway values for each network card.
renew [adapter] Renews DHCP configuration parameters. This option is available only on
computers running the DHCP Client service. To specify an adapter name, type the adapter name that
appears when you use ipconfig without parameters.
release [adapter] Releases the current DHCP configuration. This option disables TCP/IP on the local
computer and is available only on DHCP clients. To specify an adapter name, type the adapter name
that appears when you use ipconfig without parameters.
iv) netstat
This diagnostic command displays protocol statistics and current TCP/IP network connections.
Syntax
netstat [-a] [-e][-n][-s] [-p protocol] [-r] [interval]
Parameters
-a Displays all connections and listening ports; server connections are usually not shown. -e Displays
Ethernet statistics. This can be combined with the -s option. -n Displays addresses and port numbers
in numerical form (rather than attempting name lookups). -s Displays per-protocol statistics. By
default, statistics are shown for TCP, UDP, ICMP, and IP; the -p option can be used to specify a
subset of the default.
-p protocol Shows connections for the protocol specified.
-r Displays the contents of the routing table.
Interval Redisplays selected statistics, pausing interval seconds between each display.
v) ping
This diagnostic command verifies connections to one or more remote computers.
Syntax
ping [-t] [-a] [-n count] [-l length] [-f] [-i ttl] [-v tos] [-r count] [-s
count] [[-j host-list] | [-k host-list]] [-w timeout] destination-list
Parameters
-t Pings the specified host until interrupted.
-a Resolves addresses to host names.
-n count sends the number of ECHO packets specified by count. The default is 4.
-l length Sends ECHO packets containing the amount of data specified by length. The default is 64
bytes; the maximum is 8192.
-f Sends a Do Not Fragment flag in the packet. The packet will not be fragmented by gateways on the
route.
-ittl Sets the time to live field to the value specified by ttl.
-v tos Sets the type of service field to the value specified by tos.
-r count Records the route of the outgoing packet and the returning packet in the record route field. A
minimum of 1 to a maximum of 9 hosts must be specified by count.
-s count Specifies the timestamp for the number of hops specified by count.
-j host-list Routes packets via the list of hosts specified by host-list. Consecutive hosts can be
separated by intermediate gateways (loose source routed). The maximum number allowed by IP
is 9.
-k host-list Routes packets via the list of hosts specified by host-list. Consecutive hosts cannot be
separated by intermediate gateways (strict source routed). The maximum number allowed by IP is 9.
-w timeout Specifies a timeout interval in milliseconds.
destination-list Specifies the remote hosts to ping.

vi) route
This diagnostic command manipulates network routing tables.
Syntax
route [-f] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway] [METRIC metric]]
Parameters
-f Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this parameter is used in conjunction with
one of the commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the command.
command Specifies one of four commands.
Comman Purpose
d
Print Prints a route
Add Adds a route
Comman Purpose
d
Delete Deletes a route
change Modifies an existing

route
destination Specifies the host to send command.
MASK Specifies, if present, that the next parameter be interpreted as the netmask parameter.
netmask Specifies, if present, the subnet mask value to be associated with this route entry. If not
present, this parameter defaults to 255.255.255.255.
gateway Specifies the gateway.
METRIC Specifies the route metric (cost) for the destination.
vii ) tracert
This diagnostic utility determines the route taken to a destination by sending Internet Control Message
Protocol (ICMP) echo packets with varying time-to-live (TTL) values to the destination. Each router
along the path is required to decrement the TTL on a packet by at least 1 before forwarding it, so the
TTL is effectively a hop count. When the TTL on a packet reaches 0, the router is supposed to send
back an ICMP Time Exceeded message to the source computer.
Tracert determines the route by sending the first echo packet with a TTL of 1 and incrementing the
TTL by 1 on each subsequent transmission until the target responds or the maximum TTL is
reached. The route is determined by examining the ICMP Time Exceeded messages sent back by
intermediate routers. Notice that some routers silently drop packets with expired TTLs and will be
invisible to tracert.
Syntax
tracert[-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name
Parameters
-d Specifies not to resolve addresses to host names.
-h maximum_hops Specifies maximum number of hops to search for target.
-j host-list Specifies loose source route along host-list.
-w timeout Waits the number of milliseconds specified by timeout for each reply.
target_name Name of the target host.

Practical No.3
Configure IPv6
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Cisco routers do not have IPv6 routing enabled by default. To configure IPv6 on a Cisco routers, you need
to do two things:
1. enable IPv6 routing on a Cisco router using the ipv6 unicast-routing global configuration command.
This command globally enables IPv6 and must be the first command executed on the router.
2. configure the IPv6 global unicast address on an interface using the ipv6 address address/prefix-length
[eui-64] command. If you omit omit the eui-64 parameter, you will need to configure the entire
address manually. After you enter this command, the link local address will be automatically derived.
Here is an IPv6 configuration example:

R1(config)#ipv6 unicast-routing
R1(config)#int Gi0/0
R1(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:0BB9:AABB:1234::/64 eui-64
We can verify that the IPv6 address has been configured by using the show ipv6 interface Gi0/0command:
R1#show ipv6 interface Gi0/0
GigabitEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
IPv6 is enabled, link-local address is FE80::201:42FF:FE65:3E01
No Virtual link-local address(es):
Global unicast address(es):
2001:BB9:AABB:1234:201:42FF:FE65:3E01, subnet is 2001:BB9:AABB:1234::/64 [EUI]
Joined group address(es):
FF02::1
FF02::2
FF02::1:FF65:3E01
MTU is 1500 bytes
....
From the output above we can verify two things:
1. the link local IPv6 address has been automatically configured. Link local IP addresses begin with
FE80::/10 and the interface ID is used for the rest of the address. Because the MAC address of the
interface is 00:01:42:65:3E01, the calculated address is FE80::201:42FF:FE65:3E01.
2. the global IPv6 address has been created using the modified EUI-64 method. Remember that IPv6
global addresses begin with 2000::/3. So in our case, the IPv6 global address
is 2001:BB9:AABB:1234:201:42FF:FE65:3E01.
We will also create an IPv6 address on another router. This time we will enter the whole address:
R2(config-if)#ipv6 address 2001:0BB9:AABB:1234:1111:2222:3333:4444/64
Notice that the IPv6 address is in the same subnet as the one configured on R1
(2001:0BB9:AABB:1234/64). We can test the connectivity between the devices using ping for IPv6:
R1#ping ipv6 2001:0BB9:AABB:1234:1111:2222:3333:4444
Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 2001:0BB9:AABB:1234:1111:2222:3333:4444, timeout is 2
seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 0/0/0 ms
As you can see from the output above, the devices can communicate with each other.
Practical No.4
Configure IP static routing

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Static Route Configuration

Static Route
1.Static routing method is most trusted by a router.
2.Static routing is not really a routing protocol.
3.Static routes do not dynamically adapt to network changes, are not particularly scalable, and require
manual updating to reflect changes.
Static routing has the following advantages

1. There is no bandwidth usage between routers, which means you could possibly save
money on WAN links.
2. There is no overhead on the router CPU, which means you could possibly buy a cheaper
router than you would use if you were using dynamic routing.
3. It adds security because the administrator can choose to allow routing access to certain networks
only.
Static routing has the following disadvantages

1. Static routes don’t dynamically adapt to network change.
2. If a network is added to the internetwork, the administrator has to add a route to it on all routers—
by hand.
3. It’s not feasible in large networks because maintaining it would be a full-time job in itself.
4. With static routing, as your network grows, it can be difficult just keep adding static routes makes
sure everybody can still get everything.
5. The administrator must really understand the internetwork and how each router is
connected in order to configure routes correctly.
There are two different styles to configure an “ip route” command:
1. Using a next hop IP address
2. Using an outgoing interface
Static Route Lab with Packet Tracer Tutorial

Static Route Lab with Packet Tracer

Configure Static Route on Cisco Routers with following information:
Network: 172.16.0.0/16, 192.168.0.0/24, 10.0.0.0/8
Gateway Address: 172.16.0.1/16, 192.168.0.1/24, 10.0.0.1/8
Putting three IP addresses, subnet mask and default gateway to three PCs.
Click PC1/ Desktop/IP Configuration /Static

ClickPC2/ Desktop/IP Configuration /Static
ClickPC3/ Desktop/IP Configuration /Static
Router>en
Router#conf t
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#host R1
R1(config)#int fa 0/1
R1(config-if)#ip address 172.16.0.1 255.255.0.0
R1(config-if)#no shut
R1(config-if)#int fa 1/0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#
Configure Router R1
Configure Router R2
Router>en
Router#conf t
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#
Configure Static Route to router R1
Go to config mode, type ip route command, the subnet number, followed bythe mask, and next hop ip
address.
R1#conf t
R1(config)#ip route 10.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 100.0.0.2
R1(config)#^Z
See routing table of router R1
R1#show ip route
Gateway of last resort is not set
S 10.0.0.0/8 [1/0] via 100.0.0.2

100.0.0.0/30 is subnetted, 1 subnets
C 100.0.0.0 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
C 172.16.0.0/16 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/1
R1#
Note a static route added to the routing table. The character S means static route. It
references 10.0.0.0 subnet and it says to get there via100.0.0.2. via means that the
next hop router’s IP address.
Now check IP connectivity

Click PC-1/ Desktop/Command Prompt
PC>ping 10.0.0.2
Pinging 10.0.0.2 with 32 bytes of data:
Request timed out.

Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Request timed out.
Ping statistics for 10.0.0.2:

Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 0, Lost = 4 (100% loss),
PC>
However PC-1 can’t ping PC-3 right now, the ping fails.
R2#show ip route

R2#
The output confirms that R2 does not have route to reach subnet 172.16.0.2/16, 192.168.0.2/24 or PC-1, PC-2.
As a result, if PC-1 tries to ping PC-3 or PC-3 tries to ping PC-1 right now, the
ping will fail.
So, we have to add a routing protocol(in this case, static route) that points PC-3’s
subnet namely 10.0.0.0/8.
In this way we will tell R1 how to forward packet to 10.0.0.0/8 subnet.
The packet arrives at R2, R2 has a directly connected route PC-3’s subnet.
Configure Static Route to router R2

R2#conf t
R2(config)#ip route 172.16.0.0 255.255.0.0 100.0.0.1
R2(config)#ip route 192.168.0.0 255.255.255.0 100.0.0.1
R2(config)#^Z
R2#
Now,see routing table of router R2
R2#show ip route

S 172.16.0.0/16 [1/0] via 100.0.0.1
S 192.168.0.0/24 [1/0] via 100.0.0.1
R2#

PC>ping 10.0.0.2
Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=12ms TTL=126


Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:
Minimum = 12ms, Maximum = 20ms, Average = 14ms
PC>
We can reach 10.0.0.0 network.

PC>ping 10.0.0.2
Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=12ms

TTL=126 Reply from 10.0.0.2: bytes=32
time=14ms TTL=126 Reply from 10.0.0.2:
bytes=32 time=24ms TTL=126 Reply from
10.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126


PC>

PC>ping 172.16.0.2

172.16.0.2: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=126

PC>

PC>ping 192.168.0.2


PC>

Practical No.5
Configure IP routing using RIP
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Routing Information Protocol - RIP
There are two versions of RIP: RIPv1 and RIPv2.
Comparing between RIPv1 and RIPv2
1.Both RIPv1 and RIPv2 have the Administrative distance 120.
2.Both RIPv1 and RIPv2 are distance vector routing protocol.
Both RIPv1 and RIPv2’s metric is hop count.

Maximum hop count = 15. Max routers = 16.
For example, all routers are running RIP and network 10.0.0.0 goes down.
After hold timer expires, that network will be advertised by metric 16 and everyone will know that
the network is down and that network will be seen in routing table as possibly down.
4. Both RIPv1 and RIPv2 send routing updates or complete routing table or broadcast every 30 seconds. i.e. The
default routing update period for both version of RIP is 30 seconds. i.e. Both have the same timers.
5. Both RIPv1 and RIPv2 use split horizon to prevent routing loops.
6. Both RIPv1 and RIPv2 are configured with router rip.
7. network command tells both RIPv1 and RIPv2 to send hellos, out an interface, to find neighbors and to
advertise routes.
R1(config-router)#network ?
A.B.C.D Network number
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0 ?
<cr>
R1(config-router)#^Z
R1#
8. Both RIPv1 and RIPv2 are verified with show ip protocols.
Router#show ip protocols
R 10.0.0.10[120/3] via 20.0.0.7, 00:00:15, Serial0/0
The first number in the brackets is the administrative distance of the information source.
The second number is the metric for the route.
In this case, the administrative distance is 120, default AD for RIP routes, and the 3 represents the metric,
which is the number of router hops in RIP.
Difference
1. RIPv1 used broadcast. RIPv2 used multicast(224.0.0.9).
2. RIPv1 is a classful.(Classful: all subnet mask must be the same in the network.) RIPv2 is a classless.
3. RIPv1 does not support VLSM. RIPv2 supports VLSM. subnet mask field was added to the RIPv2 message
header by RFC 1723 to add support for VLSM and CIDR.
4. RIPv1 does not allow authentication. RIPv2 allows MD5 authentication
5. RIP enabled interfaces send version 1(RIPv1) updates.Do not send version 2(RIPv2) updates.
RIP enabled interfaces receive any version(RIPv1 and RIPv2).
6. RIPv2 sends the subnet mask in updates and RIPv1 does not. i.e. Subnet mask information is included in
RIPv2 routing updates that is not included in RIPv1.
Advantage of RIPv2 over RIPv1

1. RIPv2 supports MD5 authentication for routing updates. i.e. RIP version 2 supports routing update
authentication.
2. RIPv2 used multicast(224.0.0.9) rather than broadcast.
3. RIPv2 auto summarize advertised routes across classful boundaries.

To disable this behavior, should apply no auto-summary command under the RIP process.
4. RIPv2 is classless routing protocol means that it sends subnet mask information when updates.
By sending the subnet mask information with the updates, RIPv2 can support Variable Length
Subnet Mask(VLSMs) as well as the summarization of network boundaries.
Disadvantage of RIPv1 and RIPv2

1. Both RIPv1 and RIPv2 send full routing tables out every 30 seconds. It’s a lot of overhead, require too much
bandwidth. Sending full routing table is unnecessary.
2. RIPv1 and RIPv2 does not form adjacency.

3. RIPv1 and RIPv2 work only on hop count(not consider the
bandwith). 4.RIPv1 and RIPv2 have slow convergence.
5.Not scalable, because hop count is only 15.
RIPv1 Lab with Packet Tracer Tutorial

RIPv1 Lab with Packet Tracer
Configure RIPv1 on Cisco Routers with following

information: Network: 172.16.0.0/16, 192.168.0.0/24,
10.0.0.0/8
Gateway Address: 172.16.0.1/16, 192.168.0.1/24, 10.0.0.1/8
Putting three IP addresses, subnet mask and default gateway to three PCs.

Configure Router R1
Router>en
Router#conf t
R1(config-if)#int fa 1/0
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#
Configure Router R2
Router>en
Router#conf t

R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#
Configure RIPv1 to router R1Here we put all three network those are connected to R1 router.
A numeric value is required for EIGRP, OSPF. With EIGRP, AS number, with OSPF, the process number,
but RIP, there is no number.
R1(config)#router rip
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0 ?
<cr>
R1(config-router)#network 172.16.0.0
R1#
Configure RIPv1 to router R2

Here we put two network those are connected to R2 router.
R2(config)#router rip
R2#
R1#show ip route
R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 100.0.0.2, 00:00:20, FastEthernet0/0


R1#
R1#show ip rip database

10.0.0.0/8
[1] via 100.0.0.2, 00:00:12, FastEthernet0/0
100.0.0.0/30 directly connected, FastEthernet0/0
R1#
R2#show ip route

R2#
R2#show ip rip database

172.16.0.0/16
192.168.0.0/24
R2#

PC> ping 10.0.0.2



PC>

PC>ping 10.0.0.2

10.0.0.2: bytes=32 time=11ms TTL=126

PC>

PC>ping 172.16.0.2

172.16.0.2: bytes=32 time=16ms TTL=126

PC>

PC>ping 192.168.0.2


PC>
Routing Information Protocol - RIP Command Tutorial

RIP Command
1. The command show ip route followed by the protocol will show that protocol's route from the
entire routing table.
R1#show ip route rip
2. The command show protocols is used to view the RIP routing protocol settings and configuration.
3. The command show ip rip database will display RIP routing updates or RIP routing information as they are
sent and received. But to see the updates in real time, we need command Debug not Show.
But don't do debug ip rip, don't do debug all. It may crash your router.Because all possible debugs will start
and consume router's whole processing and memory.
4. If The command Router(config-router)# version 2 is entered on the routers, only version 2 updates are sent
to 224.0.0.9.
5. If The command Router(config-router)# no version 2 is entered on the routers, version 1 and 2 updates will
be received and the version 2 updates will not be sent.
6. The command debug ip rip shows the routes being advertised in RIP updates and the metrics of these
routes. i.e. debug ip rip will display RIP activity as it occurs on a router.
R1#debug ip rip
7. The command clear ip route * should apply after the command debug ip rip to clear the routing table of its
dynamic routes.
R1#clear ip route *
The command undebug all turn off all debugs.
R1#undebug all
8. To turn off specific debugs, run the command no debug followed by the type of debug you want to turn off.
R1#no debug ip rip

Practical No.6
Configuring OSPF.
Link: Interface on a router

OSPF Terminology
Link state: Description of an interface and of its relationship to its neighboring routers.
The collection of all the link-states would form a link-state database.
1. OSPF uses cost as a metric, which is the inverse of the bandwidth of a link. OSPF identifies the best route by
use of cost.
2. OSPF uses Dijkstra or SPF(Shortest Path First) algorithm. Dijkstra or SPF is a same algorithm.
3.OSPF provides a loop free topology.
4. OSPF's administrative distance is 110.
5. Before exchanging routing information, OSPF routers find out neighbors.

OSPF routers exchange LSAs, and the OSPF algorithm uses the contents of those LSAs to build their routing
table. In this way, OSPF allows extensive control of routing updates.
6. OSPF is complex to configure and difficult to
troubleshoot. 7.OSPF does not support IPX.
8. OSPF requires more memory and faster processors to handle OSPF than distance vector protocol. i.e. OSPF is a
CPU-intensive protocol, and very large OSPF networks can experience routing and update traffic problems that
seriously impact network performance.
9. OSPF confines network instability to a single area of the network.
10.OSPF uses WILDCARD MASK instead subnet mask.
Advantages of OSPF
1. OSPF is an open-standard, purely link-state protocol.
RIP, IGRP and EIGRP are distance-vector (routing by rumor) routing protocols, susceptible to routing loops,
split-horizon, and other issues.
2. OSPF converges very quickly - from the point of recognizing a failure, it often can converge in less than 10
seconds.
3. OSPF sends updates only changed portion or partial updates of a network when link status changes rather
than the complete routing table. In this way, reduces the usage of bandwidth(BW) and decreases routing
overhead by sending triggered updates to announce changes in the network. RIP and IGRP hold-down timers
can cause slow convergence.
4. OSPF supports VLSM and CIDR. OSPF supports route summarization. RIPv1 and IGRP do not.
5. OSPF is a classless protocol, not classful.
6. OSPF uses the concept of areas to implement hierarchical design, not a flat design like RIP.
7. With OSPF, a router does flood its own LSAs when it age reaches 30 minutes. The flooding, however, does
not happened all at once, so the overhead is minimal. RIP sends entire routing table every 30 seconds, IGRP
every 90 seconds.
8. Link state protocol like OSPF doesn't have anything like Hop. i.e. Do not use hops to mark networks as
unreachable.
When an OSPF router does not receive a Hello packet for a specified time period, it assumes that the neighbor is
down. The router then runs the SPF algorithm to calculate new routes.
OSPF Area Tutorial

OSPF Area
1. OSPF uses the concept of areas which helps route summarization.
2. Area 0 is called the backbone area.
3. Multiple OSPF areas must connect to area 0.
4. If you have only one are, it must be called are 0.
5. The area number can be the range from 0 to 4,294,967,295; or 0 to 4.2 million.
6. The backbone area is not a network type, but a collection of OSPF networks links.
Area 0 is reserved as the backbone area, and routers within area 0 may or may not go through the DR/BDR
election process, depending on the network type.
7. If a network in an area goes down, it will not affect routers in other areas.
8. The OSPF command network 0.0.0.0 255.255.255.255 area 0includes all of its interfaces in area 0.
OSPF Adjacency/Neighbor Tutorial

OSPF Adjacency
1. OSPF neighbor relationship table is called an adjacency database.
2. Before exchanging routing information, OSPF routers find out neighbors. Each router discovers its neighbors
on each interface. The list of neighbors is kept in a neighbor table.
3. Each router uses a reliable protocol to exchange topology information with its neighbors.
4. If OSPF is configured correctly, OSPF form neighbor relationships only with the routers directly connected to
it.
5. To share information with another router, they must be neighbors: their area numbers and types, timers,
and passwords must match.
To form a neighbor relationship

The following must match before routers become neighbors:
1. Hello and Dead interval must match on the two routers on the same link or they will not form adjacency.
2. The area type must match on the segments.

i.e.The router that is formed a neighbor relationship must be in the same area.
3. Subnet mask must match on the segments.
4. MTU size must match on the segments.
5. Authentication password.
OSPF Router ID Tutorial

OSPF Router ID
Router ID – Used to identify the routers in the OSPF network.
1. Each OSPF router has an ID, which is either the highest IP address on a loopback interface, if one exists, or
the highest IP address on an active interface.
2. To configure network instability to one area of the network, OSPF uses router ID(RID) or a 32-bit IP address
selected at the beginning of the OSPF process.
3. If a router’s OSPF RID is hard coded or change a router’s OSPF RID, router reload or clear the OSPF process is
needed.
Or
Changing the OSPF RID, will require to either reload the router or clear your OSPF process.
4. RIDs have no relationship with areas.

Process of selecting RID

1. The highest IP address configured on the router is the router ID, if no loopback exist.
i.e. At the moment of OSPF process startup, the highest IP address on any active interface will be the Router
ID(RID).
2. When loopback interface is created on a router, the IP address of loopback(logical) interface override the IP
address and becomes the RID(router ID).
3. If multiple loopback interfaces are configured, the highest loopback address becomes the RID.
OSPF-Difference Between RIP and EIGRP Tutorial

1. OSPF is link-state routing protocol.
RIP and EIGRP are distance-vector (routing by rumor) routing protocols, susceptible to routing loops, split-
horizon, and other issues.
2. OSPF has fast convergence.

RIP use hold-down timers can cause slow convergence.
3. OSPF supports VLSM and CIDR.

RIPv1 does not supports VLSM and CIDR.
4. OSPF metric is based on bandwidth.

RIP metric is based on hop count.
EIGRP metric is based on bandwidth, delay, reliability, load.
5. OSPF only sends out changes when they occur. With OSPF, a router does flood its own LSAs when it age
reaches 30 minutes.
RIP sends entire routing table every 30 seconds, IGRP every 90 seconds.
6. OSPF uses the concept of areas to implement hierarchical routing.

There are no hierarchical concept to RIP and EIGRP.
OSPF Commands Tutorial

OSPF Commands
Enable OSPF process or
routing
Syntax
Router(config)#router ospf <process-id>
Configure Router R1
Router>en
Router#conf t
R1(config)#int f0/0
R1(config-if)#ip add 192.168.1.1 255.255.255.252
R1(config-if)#exit
R1(config)#
Configure Router R2
Router>en
Router#conf t
R2(config)#int f0/0
R2(config-if)#ip add
R2(config-if)#exit
R2(config)#
Configure OSPF on router R1

R1(config)#router ospf 1
R1(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
R1#
Configure OSPF on router R2
R2(config)#router ospf 1
R2(config-router)#network 192.168.1.0 0.0.0.3 area 0
R2(config-router)#
00:09:35: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading
Done
R1#
00:09:38: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.1.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading
Done
R1 and R2 formed adjacency over their fast Ethernet interfaces.
To see the default dead time on the fa0/0 interface of router R1:
R1#sh ip ospf int fa0/0

FastEthernet0/0 is up, line protocol is up
Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5
R1#
From the output, we see that the Hello time is 10 seconds, dead time is 40 seconds.
We want to double this Dead value using the command ip ospf dead-interval or ip osfp hello-interval.
By default, the dead time is four times of hello times in ospf.
So, if we double the hello time, dead time will be dynamically be doubled.
Since hello time is 10 seconds on a broadcast segment, we could put 20 here.
R1#conf t
R1(config)#int fa0/0
R1(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval 20
R1(config-if)#^Z
R1#
R1#
R2#
00:24:30: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor
Down: Dead timer expired
00:24:30: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from FULL to Down: Interface
down or detached
R2#
From the output, we see that the dead time is double now.
Now we have a problem with adjacency.
R1#sh ip ospf neighbor

R1#
The adjacency went down,because we have configured hello time which effected on router R2.
To see the default dead time on the interface fa0/0 of R2 router:

R2#
Using the command ip ospf hello on R2’s fa0/0 interface to double the hello time:
R2#conf t
R2(config)#int fa0/0
R2(config-if)#ip ospf hell
R2(config-if)#ip ospf hello-interval 20
R2(config-if)#^Z
R2#
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
00:35:40: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.1.1 on FastEthernet0/0 from EXCHANGE to FULL,

Exchange Done
R2#

R2#
Note, both hello and dead timer nowhave changed.

R1#
00:35:44: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.1.2 on FastEthernet0/0 from EXCHANGE to FULL,
Exchange Done
And we see that, adjacency again formed between R1 and R2 routers.

Practical No.7
Run different SCTP commands.

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
sctp
To enter the Stream Control Transmission Protocol (SCTP) configuration, use the sctp command in
IDSN User Adaptation Layer (IUA) configuration mode. To disable, use the no form of this command.
sctp [ [ t1-initmilliseconds ] [ t3-rtx-minseconds ] [ t3-rtx-maxmilliseconds ] [ startup-rtxnumber ] [

assoc-rtxnumber ] [ path-rtxnumber ] ]
nosctp
Syntax Description
t1 - Timer T1 initiation value in milliseconds. Valid values are from 1000 to

initmilliseconds 60000. The t1-init configurable option applies only during the creation
of an SCTP instance.
t3 -rtx-min Timer T3 retransmission minimum timeout in seconds. Valid values are
seconds from 1 to 300.
t3 -rtx-max Timer T3 retransmission maximum timeout in milliseconds. Valid
milliseconds values are from 1000 to 60000.
startup -rtx Maximum startup retransmissions. The startup-rtx configurable option
number applies only during the creation of an SCTP instance. Valid values are
from 2 to 20.
assoc -rtx number Maximum association retransmissions. Valid values are from 2 to 20.
path-rtx number Maximum path retransmissions. Valid values are from 2 to 20.
Command Default
SCTP configuration commands cannot be entered.
Command Modes
IUA configuration (config-iua)
To enter SCTP configuration commands, you must first enter IUA configuration mode and then enter
sctp at the Router(config-iua)# prompt to enter SCTP configuration mode.
Examples
The following example shows how to enter IUA configuration mode:

Router# configure terminal

Router(config)# iua
Router(config-iua)#
The following is an example of how to set failover time (in milliseconds) between 1 and 10 seconds as
part of SCTP configuration of the T1 initiation timer. This example uses the lowest failover timer
value allowed (1 second):
Router(config-iua)# as as5400-3 fail-over 1000
The following is an example of how to set SCTP maximum startup retransmission interval. This
example uses the maximum startup retransmission interval value allowed:
Router(config-iua)# as as5400-3 sctp-startup 20
The following is an example of how to configure the number of SCTP streams for this AS. This
example uses the maximum SCTP streams allowed:
Router(config-iua)# as as5400-3 sctp-streams 57
The following is an example of how to configure the SCTP T1 initiation timer (in milliseconds). This
example uses the maximum timer value allowed:
Router(config-iua)# as as5400-3 sctp-t1init 60000
Related Commands
Command Description
pri-group (pri-slt) Specifies an ISDN PRI on a channelized T1 or E1 controller.
show debugging
To display information about the types of debugging that are enabled for your router, use the show
debugging command in privileged EXEC mode.
showdebugging
Syntax Description
This command has no arguments or keywords.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC (#)

Use this command to display the current SCTP association and instance identifiers, the current state of
SCTP associations, and the local and remote port numbers and addresses that are used in the
associations.
Examples
The following is sample output from this command for three association identifiers:
Router# show ipsctp association list
*** SCTP Association List ****

AssocID:0, Instance ID:0 Current
state:ESTABLISHED
Local port:8989, Addrs:10.1.0.2 10.2.0.2 Remote
port:8989, Addrs:10.6.0.4 10.5.0.4 AssocID:1,
Instance ID:0
Current state:ESTABLISHED
port:8990, Addrs:10.6.0.4 10.5.0.4 AssocID:2,
Instance ID:0
Current state:ESTABLISHED
port:8991, Addrs:10.6.0.4 10.5.0.4
The table below describes the significant fields shown in the display.
Table 11 show ipsctp association list Field Descriptions

Field Description
Assoc ID SCTP association identifier.
Instance ID SCTP association instance identifier.
Current state SCTP association state, which can be ESTABLISHED, CLOSED,
COOKIE-WAIT, and COOKIE-ECHOED.
Local port, Port and IP address for the local SCTP endpoint.
Addrs
Remote port, Port and IP address for the remote SCTP endpoint.
Addrs
Related Commands
Command Description
clear ipsctp statistics Clears statistics counts for SCTP.
debug ipsctpapi Reports SCTP diagnostic information and messages.
show ipsctp association Displays the parameters configured for the association defined
parameters by the association identifier.
show ipsctp association Displays the current statistics for the association defined by the
statistics association identifier.
Command Description
show ipsctp errors Displays error counts logged by SCTP.
show ipsctp instances Displays the currently defined SCTP instances.
show ipsctp statistics Displays the overall statistics counts for SCTP.
show iua as Displays information about the current condition of an
application server.
show iua asp Displays information about the current condition of an
application server process.
showipsctp association parameters
To display configured and calculated parameters for the specified Stream Control Transmission
Protocol (SCTP) association, use the show ipsctp association parameters command in privileged
EXEC mode.
showipsctpassociationparametersassoc-id
Syntax Description
assoc-id Association identifier. Shows the associated ID statistics for the SCTP association.
Command Modes
Privileged EXEC (#)
The following sample output shows the statistics accumulated for SCTP association 0:
Router# show ipsctp association statistics 0
** SCTP Association Statistics **

AssocID/InstanceID: 0/1
Current State: ESTABLISHED
Control Chunks
Sent: 623874 Rcvd: 660227
Data Chunks Sent
Total: 14235644 Retransmitted: 60487
Ordered: 6369678 Unordered: 6371263
Avg bundled: 18 Total Bytes: 640603980
Data Chunks Rcvd
Total: 14496585 Discarded: 1755575
Ordered: 6369741 Unordered: 6371269
Avg bundled: 18 Total Bytes: 652346325
Out of Seq TSN: 3069353
ULP Dgrams
Sent: 12740941 Ready: 12740961 Rcvd: 12740941
The table below describes the significant fields shown in the display.
Table 13 show ipsctp association statistics Field Descriptions

Field Description
AssocID/InstanceID SCTP association identifier and instance identifier.
Current State State of SCTP association.
Control Chunks SCTP control chunks sent and received.
Data Chunks Sent SCTP data chunks sent, ordered and unordered.
Data Chunks Rcvd SCTP data chunks received, ordered and unordered.
ULP Dgrams Number of datagrams sent, ready, and received by the Upper-Layer
Protocol (ULP).
Practical No.8
Configure DHCP
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Topology
Step 1: Configure the PC printer with static IPv4 addressing.
a. Click PC and click the Desktop tab, which displays the IP Settings.
b. Assign IP 192.168.0.23 SUBNET 255.255.255.0 with gateway 192.168.0.1 Close the window.
Step 2: Configure WRS to provide DHCP services.

a. Click WRS and click the GUI tab, and maximize the window.
b. The Basic Setup window displays, by default. Configure the following settings in the
Network Setup section:
1) Change the IP Address to 192.168.0.1.
2) Set the Subnet Mask to 255.255.255.0.
3) Enable the DHCP Server.
4) Set the Static DNS 1 address to 64.100.8.8.
5) Scroll to the bottom and click Save.
6.Close the WRS window.
Step 3: Request DHCP addressing for the home laptop.

This activity focuses on the home office. The clients that you will configure with DHCP are Home
Laptop and Tablet.
a. Click Home Laptop and click the Desktop tab > IP Configuration.
b. Click DHCP and wait until the DHCP request is successful.
c. Home Laptop should now have a full IP configuration. If not, return to Step 2 and verify
your configurations on WRS.
d. Close the IP Configuration window and then close the Home Laptop window.
Step 4: Request DHCP addressing for the tablet.

a. Click Tablet and click the Desktop tab > IP Configuration.
b. Click DHCP and wait until the DHCP request is successful.
c. Tablet should now have a full IP configuration. If not, return to Step 2 and verify your
configurations on WRS.
Step 5: Test access to websites.

a. Close the IP Configuration window, and then click Web Browser.
b. In the URL box, type 10.10.10.2 (for the Central Server website) or 64.100.200.1 (for the Branch
Server website) and click Go. Both websites should appear.
Practical No.9
Configure Records on the DNS Server
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Design Topology
Steps:
a. Router as Ethernet 1 as 192.168.0.1 with subnet mask 255.255.255.0

b. Router as Ethernet 1 as 192.168.1.1 with subnet mask 255.255.255.0
c. Configure PC with IP 192.168.0.2 subnet mask 255.255.255.0 Gateway as 192.168.0.1 and DNS
Server address as 192.168.1.2
d. Configure server –Click on server—go to desktop—go to IP address.Asign IP as 192.168.1.2
e.Go to Service tab—click on DNS—enter URL IN name field as www.mmpolytehchnic.com and
address as 192.168.1.2.
f.Click on Add and then enable DNS service button.Close the window.
Test the configuration
Click on PC—click on web browser---enter URL www.mmpolytechnic.com and click GO.

Practical No.10
Configure FTP & HTTP
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Sample Topology
Step 1. Configure DHCP on the “DHCP SERVER” labeled Server.
 Click the Server. The server configuration window opens, Click the Desktop tab.
 Click the button on the Top left for IP Configuration.
 Verify the Static is Radio button selected. Set the IP Address Like:
IP Address:10.11.11.200
Subnet Mask: 255.0.0.0
DNS Sever: 10.11.11.201
Then close the Ip configuration window.
 Click the Server. The server configuration window opens, Click the Config tab.
 The Global Settings appear. Click the button on the left for DHCP.
 Verify the service is on. Turn OFF other the Server services like: HTTP, FTP,
AAA and Email.
 Set the DNS Server to like 10.11.11.201, Set the Start Ip Address to 10.11.11.100,
Subnet Mask to 255.0.0.0 and Maximum Number of Users to 50
 Click the Save button. Note: Don’t Click on ADD Button.
Step 2. Configure DNS on the “DNS SERVER” labeled Server.
IP Address:10.11.11.201
DNS Sever: 10.11.11.201
 The Global Settings appear. Click the button on the left for DNS.
 Verify the service is on. Turn OFF other the Server services like: HTTP, FTP,
AAA and Email.
 Set the Domain Name to like www.example.com and the IP Address to10.11.11.202.
 Click the Add button. Additional domain names can be added in this fashion.
 Additional domain names can be added in this fashion.

Step 3. Configure HTTP on the “WEB Sever” labeled Server.
IP Address:10.11.11.202
DNS Sever: 10.11.11.201
 Click the button to select HTTP. Turn the service On and Turn OFF other the
Server services like: DNS, FTP, AAA and Email.
 The Default Page Content window contains the page that is displayed when a web
page is requested from the server. This page is in HTML format. This page can be
changed if you would like to customize it. Close the server configuration window.
Change the HTML

coding according
to domain
Step 4. Configure FTP on the Server (File SERVER).
IP Address:10.11.11.203
DNS Sever: 10.11.11.201
 Click the button to select FTP. Turn the service On and Turn OFF other the Server
services like: HTTP, DNS, FTP, AAA and Email.
 Set the User Name to user and Password to password. And set User Permissions
like Write, Read, Rename and List.
 Click the Add(+) button.
Step 5. Configure Mail on the Server (MAIL SERVER).
IP Address: 10.11.11.204
DNS Sever: 10.11.11.201
 The Global Settings appear. Click the button on the left for Email.
 Verify the SMTP and POP3 services are on. Turn OFF other the Server services like:
HTTP, FTP, AAA and DNS.
 Set the Domain Name to like example.com and then click the Set button.
 Now create some users like Ram, Shyam, Mohan, pc1, pc2, pc3 ect.. with some password.
 Click the Add(+) button
User Setup
User Name Password

Cshod 123
Pc1 123
Pc2 123
Pc3 123
Pc4 123
Configure DNS support on the CS HOD labeled Client
 Click the PC Client. The PC configuration window opens, Click the Config tab.
IP Address: 10.11.11.99
DNS Sever: 10.11.11.201
Then close the IP Configuration window.
Configure DNS support on the PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4 labeled Clients
 Click the PC Client. The PC configuration window opens, Click the Config tab.
 Verify the DHCP is Radio button selected.
Verify Connectivity in Real time Mode
Step 1. Ping the server using the URL.
Select the PC and click the Desktop tab. Click the Command Prompt button. A Command
Prompt window opens. Type ping www.example.com (the URL of the Server) and press
Enter. After the ping succeeds, close the Command Prompt window.
Step 2. From the PC, Open a Web Page.
From the PC desktop, click the Web Browser button. A simulated web browser opens.
Type www.example.com (the URL of the Server) into the URL box and click the Go button.
A web page should appear. Close the PC configuration window.
Step 3. Configure Email support on the CS HOD, PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4 labeled Clients
 Click the PC Client. Click the Desktop tab. Click the button on E mail.
 The Configure Mail window opens.
Configure Mail
User Information
Your Name: Cshod
Email Address: [email protected]
Server Information
Income mail Server 10.11.11.204 or mailserver (As per DSN Server)
Outgoing mail Server 10.11.11.204 or mailserver (As per DSN Server)
Logon Information
User Name: Cshod
Password: 123
Click the button on the Top Save.
 The Mail Browser window opens. Click the Compose button than create test mail.
 To: [email protected]
 Subject: test mail
 Massage: Hello
 Click the button Send.
Configure Email support on the PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4 labeled Clients
 Click the PC Client. Click the Desktop tab. Click the button on E mail.
 The Configure Mail window opens.
Configure Mail
User Information
Your Name: pc1
Email Address: [email protected]
Server Information
Income mail Server 10.11.11.204 or mailserver (As per DSN Server)
Outgoing mail Server 10.11.11.204 or mailserver (As per DSN Server)
Logon Information
User Name: pc1
Password: 123
Click the button on the Top Save.
The Mail Browser window opens. Click the Receive button than find one test mail at mail
box. Dabble click on mail and open it and read it.
Step 4. Configure FTP support on the PC1, PC2, PC3 and PC4 labeled Clients
 Click the CS HOD PC Client.

 Click the Desktop tab.
 Click the button on the Top Text Editor.
 Create one test file and save that file with the name test.
 Close Text Editor.
 Click the Command Prompt button. A Command Prompt window opens. Type dir and
verify file test.txt exist or not. Than Type ftp fileserver or ftp 10.11.11.203 (the URL of
the file Server) and press Enter. After the ping succeeds, close the Command Prompt
window.
 Press Ctrl + C to exit ftp Prompt. Close the Command Prompt window.
 Click the CS HOD PC Client.
 Click the Command Prompt button. A Command Prompt window opens. Type dir and
verify file test.txt exist or not. Than Type ftp fileserver or ftp 10.11.11.203 (the URL of
the file Server) and press Enter. After the ping succeeds, close the Command Prompt
window.
 Click the PC1 Client.

 Click the button on the Top Text Editor.
 Click the File Menu than Open.
 Click the file name then click ok.
Practical No. 11
SMTP & POP3 (Web and Email Servers)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Topology
Objectives
Part 1: Configure and Verify Web Services
Part 2: Configure and Verify Email Services
Background
In this activity, you will configure HTTP and email services using the simulated server in Packet
Tracer. You will then configure clients to access the HTTP and email services.
Note: Packet Tracer only simulates the process for configuring these services. HTTP and email
software packages each have their own unique installation and configuration instructions.
Part 1: Configure and Verify Web Services
Step 1: Configure web services on Central Server and Branch Server.

a. Click Central Server and click the Services tab >HTTP.
b. Click On to enable HTTP and HTTP Secure (HTTPS).

c. Optional. Personalize the HTML code.
d. Repeat Step1a –1c on Branch Server.
Step 2: Verify the web servers by accessing the web pages.

There are many endpoint devices in this network, but for the purposes of this step, usePC3.
a. Click PC3 and click the Desktop tab>Web Browser.
b. In the URL box, enter10.10.10.2as the IP address and click Go. The Central Server website
displays.
c. In the URL box, enter64.100.200.1as the IP address and click Go. The Branch Server website
displays.
d. In the URL box, enter centralserver.pt.pkaand click Go. The Central Server website displays.
e. In the URL box, enter branchserver.pt.pka and click Go. The Branch Server website displays.
f. What protocol is translating the centralserver.pt.pka and branchserver.pt.pkanames to IP
addresses?
Part 2: Configure and Verify Email Services on Servers
Step 1: Configure Central Server to send (SMTP) and receive (POP3) Email.
a. Click Central Server, and then select the Services tab followed by the EMAIL button.
b. Click On to enable the SMTP and POP3.
c. Set the domain name to centralserver.pt.pka and click Set.
d. Create a user named central-user with password cisco. Click + to add the user.
Step 2: Configure Branch Server to send (SMTP) and receive (POP3) Email.
a. Click Branch Server and click the Services tab >EMAIL.
b. Click On to enable SMTP and POP3.
c. Set the domain name to branchserver.pt.pka and click Set.
d. Create a user named branch-user with password cisco. Click + to add the user.
Step 3: Configure PC3 to use the Central Server email service.

a. ClickPC3 and click the Desktop tab>E Mail.
b. Enter the following values into their respective fields:
1) Your Name: Central User
2) Email Address:[email protected]
3) Incoming Mail Server:10.10.10.2
4) Outgoing Mail Server:10.10.10.2
5) User Name: central-user
6) Password:cisco
c. Click Save. The Mail Browser window displays.

d. Click Receive. If everything has been set up correctly on both the client and server, the Mail
Browser window displays the Receive Mail Success message confirmation.
Step 4: Configure Sales to use the Email service of Branch Server.

a. Click Sales and click the Desktop tab >E Mail.
1) Your Name: Branch User
2) Email Address:[email protected]
3) Incoming Mail Server:172.16.0.3
4) Outgoing Mail Server:172.16.0.3
5) User Name: branch-user
6) Password:cisco
c. Click Save. The Mail Browser window displays.
d. Click Receive. If everything has been set up correctly on both the client and server, the Mail
Browser window displays the Receive Mail Success message confirmation.
e. The activity should be 100% complete. Do not close the Sales configuration window or the Mail
Browser window.
Step 5: Send an Email from the Sales client and the PC3 client.
a. From the Sales Mail Browser window, click Compose.
1) To:[email protected]
2) Subject: Personalize the subject line.
3) Email Body: Personalize the email.
c. Click Send.
d. Verify thatPC3received the email. Click PC3. If the Mail Browser window is closed, click E
Mail.
e. Click Receive. An email from Sales displays. Double-click the email.
f. Click Reply, personalize a response, and click Send.
g. Verify that Sales received the reply.
Practical No.12
Configure SNMP
1. Enable SNMP on Router (R1)

Open the R1 console and configure SNMP Protocol with the following router command. Before configuring SNMP,
you must configure the basic configure like, setting up IP address and basic routing configuration.
R1>enable
R1#configure terminal
R1(config)#snmp-server community R1 ro
R1(config)#snmp-server community R1rw rw
R1(config)#
2. Testing SNMP from a PC
OK, the SNMP has been configured on R1 router. Now try to test it from the PC1 using MIB Browser.
Click on PC1 and click Desktop tab, then open MIB Browser.
On the opened MIB browser page, click Advanced tab to open the Advanced page.
Enter the information like the screenshot or below table.
Address: 192.168.10.1. This is the R1 IP address.

Read Community: R1. It has taken from read only (ro) community name.
Write Community: R1rw, it is the name of read and write (rw) community.
From the SNMP Version, select V3 and click OK.
Now on the MIB browser page expend MIB tree to system and select each value then hit the GO button to display
the exact information on Router1.
That’s all, configure SNMP Protocol on routers or switches.
Career in networking field & Global exams in Networking

Job Titles in Networking is as follows:
• System administrator
• Network Engineer
• Technical Support
• IT administrator
• Network administrator
• Security Database development and administration
Duties of Network Engineer

• Monitoring the network performance and security.
• Perform network maintenance and ensure networks are running smoothly and efficiently.
• Maintain system back up.
• Support network and computing infrastructure.
• Configuring and installing various network devices (e.g., routers, switches, firewalls, load balancers,
VPN, QoS).
Recruiters
Here are the names of some renowned companies that recruits hardware and networking
professionals:
• Intel Corporation
• CISCO
• Acer India (Pvt) Ltd
• Dell
• Casio India Company
• HCL
• TCS
• Infosys
• Wipro
• Accenture
• Many more…..
Best Computer Networking Certifications
IT pros skilled in the many areas of networking are in high demand in today's job market. Those serious
about their IT careers should consider one or more of these best-of-breed networking certifications to set
themselves apart from their competitors.
When it comes to the care and feeding of modern networks, there's quite a lengthy list of tools and
technologies that qualified IT professionals must master – especially those who aspire to work as network
administrators. In addition to the servers and clients that make up the endpoints in such environments,
there's a lot of network infrastructure to worry about. This includes switches and routers (both physical
and virtual), plus a raft of appliances and services, such as unified threat management (UTM), next-
generation firewalls (NGFs), software-defined networking (SDN) and network functions, virtualization
(NFV) components and WAN optimization, as well as spam, email, and content filtering.
Wrapping your head around all these certification options and specialties can be challenging, but knowing
where to start can help. We looked at five networking certifications (in their order of appearance in the job
boards table that follows) that we consider leaders in the field of networking for 2019 and beyond.
To pick our leaders, we looked at the state of networking certification, examined various market and
salary surveys, and performed an informal job board survey that revealed the number of job posts across
the U.S. in which our featured certifications were mentioned on a given day.
Making its first appearance on the leader board this year is the SolarWinds Certified Professional (SCP). It
replaces the Juniper Enterprise Routing and Switching, Expert (JNCIE-ENT) credential. While the JNCIE
remains a great credential, job board numbers for the SCP were stronger, earning it a slot in the top five.
The other featured credentials include the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE), Cisco Certified
Network Professional (CCNP), CompTIA Network+ and WCNA Certification for Wireshark (WCNA).
What Are the Exams Like?

• Exams are proctored, timed, and delivered in a secure environment. Most exams last approximately
one to two hours. Lab exams typically last eight hours.
• Candidates must acknowledge the Cisco Certifications and Confidentiality Agreement online at the
authorized testing center prior to taking any Cisco Certification exam. Candidates will not be able to
proceed with the exam and a refund will not be provided. Signing this legal agreement is required to
be officially certified.
• Exams can be very challenging, going beyond simple recall and requiring candidates to engage in on
the job types of problem solving. Questions include multiple-choice single answer, multiple-choice
multiple answers, drag and drop, fill in the blank and simulations. An Exam Tutorial is available to
demonstrate the various question formats.
• Exams other than CCIE lab exams are delivered online, with questions in sequence, and do not allow
a candidate to "mark" and return to an exam question.
• Candidates will be provided with an erasable note board and marker for notes and calculations to
assist them as they answer the questions.
• Exams may contain non-scored items to collect performance data on new items. Non-scored items are
not used in determining the passing score nor are reported in a subsection of the score report. All non-
scored items are randomly placed in the exam with sufficient time calculated and given to complete
the entire exam.
• At the completion of computer-based exams, candidates receive a score report along with a score
breakout by exam section and the passing score for the given exam. Lab exams are Pass/Fail and
results are available online (using login) within 48 hours.
• Cisco does not publish exam passing scores because exam questions and passing scores are subject to
change without notice.
Do certification exams expire?
• Exams required for CCENT, Associate, and Professional certifications are valid for three years from
the date the exam was passed. Exams for the Specialist certifications are valid for two years from the
date the exam was passed.
• Placing expiration dates on exams ensures that candidates starting a multi-exam certification such as
CCENT, CCNA Routing and Switching, or CCDP, for example, complete the program within a
specified time frame. By passing all of the required exams within the specified time period as noted
above, candidates demonstrate that they are tested on current content. In situations where the period
exceeds three years, candidates will need to retake those exams that expire.
What Do I Get When I Pass My Exams?

• After a candidate passes all exams required for a certification and signs the required agreements,
Cisco will send a Cisco Certifications certificate identifying the candidate's Cisco Certification ID
and valid certification dates. Allow 3-5 business days for electronic certificates and 6-8 weeks from
the date the certificate was mailed for printed certificates.
• Certified candidates are authorized to use the appropriate Cisco Certifications logos indicating
certification status. Prior to use, they must read and acknowledge the Cisco Certifications Logo
Agreement. Logos can be ordered through the Cisco Certifications Tracking System.
• The Cisco Certifications Tracking System provides a record of both exam and certification status.
Candidates and certification holders are expected to keep contact information up to date for receiving
notifications from Cisco.
CCIE: Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert
An evergreen and high-value networking certification is the Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE),
which comes in several tracks. The annual production of CCIEs remains small enough that Cisco can still
claim itself able to hire all of them itself, with demand and appreciation for this difficult and rewarding
certification always stratospheric. Over the past few years, the Storage Networking credential gave way to
Collaboration, and a Data Center credential made its debut, as well as other new certification tracks.
Although the road to obtaining a CCIE is long and hard, it is well worth the effort, time, and money. This
credential opens doors to plenty of job opportunities and high salaries for networking professionals.
CCIE facts and figures
Certification
Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE)
name
Prerequisites None.
and required
courses Cisco recommends eight years of relevant job experience.
Every CCIE track requires both a written and lab exam. Written exam scores are
valid for 18 months. Lab exams must be attempted within 18 months of the
written exam. CCIE candidates may not schedule a lab exam until receiving a
passing score on the written exam. Candidates must retake the written exam if
they do not pass the lab exam within three years. All written exams are 90 to 110
Number of questions, 120 minutes.
exams CCIE Collaboration:
• CCIE Collaboration Written Exam 400-051
• CCIE Collaboration v2.0 Lab Exam

Note: New CCIE Collaboration Written and Lab Exams will be utilized beginning
on Feb. 24, 2020, though candidates' progress to date before the cutover will be
transferred to the new program.

CCIE Data Center:
• CCIE Data Center Written Exam: 400-151
• CCIE Data Center Lab Exam

Note: New CCIE Data Center Written and Lab Exams will be utilized beginning
on Feb. 24, 2020, though candidates' progress to date before the cutover will be
CCIE Enterprise Wireless:
• Implementing and Operating Cisco Enterprise Network Core Technologies
(ENCOR 300-401)
• CCIE Enterprise Wireless v1.0
CCIE Security:
• CCIE Security Written Exam: 400-251
• CCIE Security Lab Exam

Note: New CCIE Security Written and Lab Exams will be utilized beginning on
Feb. 24, 2020, though candidates' progress to date before the cutover will be
CCIE Service Provider:
• CCIE SP Written Exam: 400-201
• CCIE SP Lab Exam

Note: New CCIE Service Provider Written and Lab Exams will be utilized
beginning on Feb. 24, 2020, though candidates' progress to date before the
cutover will be transferred to the new program.
CCIE Wireless:
• CCIE Wireless Written Exam: 400-351
• CCIE Wireless Lab Exam

Note: New CCIE Enterprise Wireless Written and Lab Exams will be utilized
beginning on February 24, 2020, though candidate's progress to-date before the
cutover will be transferred to the new program.
Written exam: $450 or equivalent worldwide
Cost per exam Lab exam: $1,600 or equivalent worldwide
Exam rates vary based on exchange rates and local taxes (VAT, GST).
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-
URL
certifications/certifications/expert.html
CCIE learning opportunities include study documents, recommended reading, test
Self-study
examples, training opportunities, online communities and study groups, all
materials
available through the Cisco Learning Network.
CCNP: Cisco Certified Network Professional
The Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) takes aim at platforms and products from a leading
networking equipment vendor found at most communications and internet service providers, not to
mention enterprises and businesses of all sizes, including government, research, and academia. It's hard to
go wrong with Cisco certification nowadays, and the CCNP is its most important midrange credential
across a wide variety of specialties.
Cisco offers several flavors of the CCNP: Cloud, Collaboration, Data Center, Routing and Switching (the
most popular), Security, Service Provider, and Wireless. The Cisco Certified Network Associate (CCNA)
is a required steppingstone to the CCNP. What usually comes after the CCNP for networking
professionals could be another CCNP (different specialty), one or more Cisco Specialist certifications, or
the advanced Cisco Certified Internetwork Expert (CCIE), also available in numerous specializations.
CCNP facts and figures
Cisco Certified Network Professional (CCNP) certifications:

• CCNP: Certified DevNet Professional
• CCNP: Collaboration
• CCNP: Data Center

Certification name
• CCNP: Enterprise
• CCNP: Security
• CCNP: Service Provider

Prerequisites and
A valid CCNA or CCIE credential is required.
required courses
The primary CCNP certification (Enterprise) requires the core exam plus one
of the concentration exams below:
• 300-401 ENCOR Implementing and Operating Cisco Enterprise Network
Core Technologies (ENCOR)
Concentration Exams:
• 300-410 ENARSI Implementing Cisco Enterprise Advanced Routing and
Services (ENARSI)
• 300-415 ENSDWI Implementing Cisco SD-WAN Solutions (ENSDWI)

Number of exams
• 300-420 ENSLD Designing Cisco Enterprise Networks (ENSLD)
• 300-425 ENWLSD Designing Cisco Enterprise Wireless Networks
(ENWLSD)
• 300-430 ENWLSI Implementing Cisco Enterprise Wireless Networks
(ENWLSI)
• 300-435 ENAUTO Automating and Programming Cisco Enterprise
Solutions (ENAUTO)
Other CCNP certifications require four exams.

Cost per exam $300
https://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/training-events/training-
URL
certifications/certifications/professional.html
Recommended training is listed online for each CCNP Certification track.
Self-study
Self-study materials include books, flash cards, practice tests, and virtual and
materials
physical labs.
CompTIA Network+
There aren't that many entry-level networking IT certifications around, probably because CompTIA's
Network+ credential more or less owns this niche. Many IT and certification pundits, including us, believe
the Network+ to be an important early checkbox element in any savvy IT professional's basic certification
portfolio. If you're just starting out, this is a certification for you.
CompTIA Network+ is also a vendor-neutral certification and a steppingstone to a variety of more

advanced networking credentials. Some vendor-specific certification programs even include it as a
prerequisite.
CompTIA Network+ Cert

Network+ facts and figures
Certification
CompTIA Network+
name
Prerequisites None
and required
courses CompTIA A+ plus 9-12 months experience is recommended, but not required.
Number of
One exam: N10-007 (maximum 90 questions, 90 minutes)
exams
Cost per exam $319
URL https://certification.comptia.org/certifications/network
Exam objectives and sample questions can be downloaded from the certification
page (URL listed above). Visit the CompTIA Store for study guides ($50-plus),
classroom and online training, and the CertMaster online learning tool. Study
books include:
Self-study • CompTIA Network+ N10-007 Exam Cram (6e) by Emmet Dulaney
materials
• CompTIA Network+ All-in-One Exam Guide: Exam N10-007 by Mike Meyers
• CompTIA Network+ Study Guide: Exam N10-007 by Todd Lammle
Practice exams are available
through Certification.CompTIA.org and ProProfs.com.
SolarWinds Certified Professional
Our sole newcomer to the top five this year is the SolarWinds Certified Professional (SCP).
Headquartered in Austin, Texas, SolarWinds makes simplicity its business. At SolarWinds, businesses
and IT professionals will find tools, products, and solutions to improve performance and monitoring and
to solve real-world problems easily and efficiently. SolarWinds offers solutions across six areas: network
management, system management, security, database management, IT help desk and the cloud.
SolarWinds currently offers a single credential, the SolarWinds Certified Professional (SCP), designed to
validate a candidate's skill, knowledge and expertise in using either the SolarWinds system management
or network management product portfolio. Candidates can choose to test for the SCP on either the
Network Performance Monitor (NPM) or Server and Application Monitor (SAM) path. Either way, a
single exam is required to earn the credential.
SolarWinds is committed to ongoing education and ensuring that SCP credential holders maintain skill
currency as new products and technologies are released. To accomplish this, SolarWinds requires SCP
credential holders to maintain a SolarWinds subscription and attend events and training. The subscription
provides SCPs with webcasts, online training, invitations to in-person and online events, enhanced
support, opportunities to study with SolarWinds experts, and more. An annual subscription fee of $200 is
required. Credentials expire after three years if a candidate fails to maintain a subscription and attend
training.
SolarWinds Certified Professional

SCP facts and figures
Certification
Solar Winds Certified Professional (SCP)
name
Prerequisites
and required None listed
courses
Number of
One exam (75 questions, 90 minutes)
exams
$200
Cost per exam
Exams administered by PSI Exams, but you register on the SCP certification site.
URL https://support.solarwinds.com/Success_Center/SolarWinds_Academy/Solarwinds_Certified_Profe
SolarWinds maintains links to various documentation and exam prep guides on the exam webpage.
Self-study
opportunities and classes can be found at the SolarWinds Academy. On THWACK, candidates wil
materials
SolarWinds IT community, library, support, blogs, webinars and more.
WCNA: Wireshark Certified Network Analyst
Founded in 2007 by major networking geeks Gerald Combs and Laura Chappell, Wireshark University
offers only a single certification but makes it worth your while. The WCNA for Wireshark
Certification (WCNA) recognizes knowledge of network packet and protocol sniffing and analysis using
Wireshark, as well as TCP/IP network communications, network troubleshooting, and network security.
To achieve this credential, candidates must pass one multiple-choice exam, which is DoD 8570-certified.
The WCNA is good for three years, but certification holders must obtain a total of 20 continuing
professional education (CPE) credits each year to maintain their credentials in good standing. These CPE
credits must focus on activities related to the WCNA exam objectives (sniffing, analysis, etc.) and not be
tied directly to job tasks. For example, attending a Sharkfest or Black Hat conference, or even reading the
Wireshark Network Analysis Study Guide, can net some CPEs.
Along with administering the WCNA program, Wireshark University offers self-paced, instructor-led and
customized training options for anyone who wants to learn about Wireshark and packet analysis. An All-
Access Pass is a one-year subscription to all WCNA for WireShark training courses and costs $699.
Wireshark Certified Network Analyst

WCNA facts and figures
Certification name WCNA Certification for WireShark

Prerequisites and
None
required courses
One exam: WCNA-102.x Exam (100 questions, two hours) administered
Number of exams
by Kryterion
$299
Cost per exam
Practice exams available for $29.
URL https://www.wcnacertification.com/
Online self-paced training, instructor-led training, customized training and
Self-study
exam prep books available at the WCNA for WireShark Training. One site for
materials
practice exams is Udemy.
Beyond the top five: More networking certifications
There are lots of other choices for networking professionals to investigate and pursue outside of these
five. Another interesting and upcoming Open Linux Networking focused credential comes from Cumulus
Networks – namely the Cumulus Networks Open Networking Professional (CCONP). While it didn't
make the top five this year, the Juniper Enterprise Routing and Switching-Expert (JNCIE-ENT) remains
an excellent credential for candidates interested in Juniper technologies.
Many other major networking vendors, including F5 and HPE, offer networking-focused credentials that
ascend all the way to advanced or expert credentials. Serious network professionals will also want to
check out the certifications from Avaya, Citrix and Extreme Networks.

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CO5I Advanced Computer Network 2019-20

Advanced Computer Network

ADVANCED COMPUTER NETWORK

Computer Engineering Program Vision

To develop technically proficient and competent professional’s with latest

Computer Engineering Program Mission

• To impart latest and sound technical education

Program Educational Objectives ( PEO's)

Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education, Mumbai

This is to certify that

Mr. /Ms _________________________________________________________________________

Roll-No. ________________________ of Fifth Semester of Diploma in Computer

Engineering of Marathwada Mitra Mandal’s Polytechnic has completed the lab

satisfactorily in course Advanced Computer Network(22520) for the academic

year 2019-20as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place ______________ Enrollment No ______________________

Date _______________ Exam Seat No _______________________

Course Coordinator HOD Principal

Date of Date of Sign of

Capture ICMPv4 packets

3 Configure IPv6 network

4 Configure static IP routing

5 Configure RIP IP routing

6 Configure OSPF IP routing

7 Run different SCTP Commands

10 Configure FTP & HTTP

IPv4 Addressing and Sub netting

Given: IP Address: - 70.12.100.132

Network broadcast address:-Last address = (any address) OR [NOT (network mask)]

Total number of host bits: - 32-26 = 6 bits

Q 1. Given an IP address, network mask, and subnetwork mask, determines other

ID Subnetwork Broadcast First Host Last

Host 1 10.0.0.010.31.255.255 10.0.0.110.31.255.254

2 10.32.0.0 10.63.255.255 10.32.0.1 10.63.255.254

3 10.64.0.0 10.95.255.255 10.64.0.1 10.95.255.254

4 10.96.0.0 10.127.255.255 10.96.0.1 10.127.255.25

USE OF PING AND TRACERT / TRACEROUTE AND ARP UTILITIES

arp -a [inet_addr] [-N [if_addr]]

-d Deletes the entry specified by inet_addr

hostname -- This command has no parameters.

ipconfig [/all | /renew [adapter] | /release [adapter]]

netstat [-a] [-e][-n][-s] [-p protocol] [-r] [interval]

-p protocol Shows connections for the protocol specified.

-r Displays the contents of the routing table.

This diagnostic command verifies connections to one or more remote computers.

-t Pings the specified host until interrupted.

-a Resolves addresses to host names.

-w timeout Specifies a timeout interval in milliseconds.

destination-list Specifies the remote hosts to ping.

This diagnostic command manipulates network routing tables.

route [-f] [command [destination] [MASK netmask] [gateway] [METRIC metric]]

command Specifies one of four commands.

Add Adds a route

change Modifies an existing

destination Specifies the host to send command.

gateway Specifies the gateway.

METRIC Specifies the route metric (cost) for the destination.

tracert[-d] [-h maximum_hops] [-j host-list] [-w timeout] target_name

Place Enrollment No ________

Date _ Exam Seat No _________