Worksheet - PR1 - Week 2

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
WORKSHEET – WEEK 2
Week 2 Target Learning Competencies:

✓ describes characteristics, strengths, weaknesses, and kinds of qualitative research
✓ illustrates the importance of qualitative research across fields
ACTIVITY 1. The table below shows the weaknesses and strengths of qualitative research. Read and understand
its content and answer the items that follow.
\
Strengths Weaknesses
• The study requires a few cases or participants. • It involves a lot of researcher’s subjectivity in
• It is useful for describing complex phenomena. data analysis.
• Issues can be examined in detail and in depth. • It is hard to know the validity or reliability of data.
• Interviews are not restricted to specific questions • Its open-ended questions yield to “data overload”
and can be guided or redirected by the that requires long time analysis. It involves a lot
researcher in real time. of researcher’s subjectivity in data analysis.
• It provides individual case information. • It is hard to know the validity or reliability of data.
• Data are usually collected in naturalistic method. • Its open-ended questions yield to “data overload”
• Cross- case comparison and analysis can be that requires long time analysis.
conducted. • It is time consuming.
• It provides understanding and description of • It involves several processes, which results
people’s personal experiences of phenomena. greatly on the researcher’s view.
• It can describe in detail the phenomena as they • It involves several processes, which results
are situated and embedded in local context. greatly on the researcher’s view.
• It can determine idiographic causation.
• Qualitative approaches are especially responsive
to local situations, conditions, and stakeholder’s
need.
Write T if the statement is true to the ideas presented on the table and F if otherwise.
_____ 1. It can determine idiographic causation.
_____ 2. Qualitative research involves a big population.
_____ 3. Working on a qualitative research is time consuming.
_____ 4. Data in a qualitative research are collected in a naturalistic way.
_____ 5. A qualitative research is effective in describing a complex phenomenon.
_____ 6. Qualitative research involves the researcher’s objectivity in analyzing data.
_____ 7. A qualitative research involves a person’s understanding and description of his own
experiences.
_____ 8. Results and analysis from one case can be compared with other cases when dealing with
qualitative research.
_____ 9. Questionnaires in a qualitative study may use open ended questions which results to too much
data to be analyzed.
_____ 10. Qualitative research does not involve any individual case as it focuses on making a
generalization within a crowd.
LODLOD INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Lodlod, Lipa City
Tel No.: (043) 757-2913
Email add: [email protected]
ACTIVITY 2. Printed below is an excerpt from a journal article written by Zubin Austin, a Professor in the Leslie
Dan Faculty of Pharmacy in the University of Toronto on the importance of qualitative research in pharmacy.
Read the excerpt and answer the comprehension questions that follow.
Qualitative Research: Getting Started
As scientifically trained clinicians, pharmacists may be more familiar and comfortable with the concept of
quantitative rather than qualitative research. Quantitative research can be defined as “the means for testing
objective theories by examining the relationship among variables which in turn can be measured so that numbered
data can be analyzed using statistical procedures”.
Pharmacists may have used such methods to carry out audits or surveys within their own practice settings;
if so, they may have had a sense of “something missing” from their data. What is missing from quantitative research
methods is the voice of the participant. In a quantitative study, large amounts of data can be collected about the
number of people who hold certain attitudes toward their health and health care, but what qualitative study tells us
is why people have thoughts and feelings that might affect the way they respond to that care and how it is given
(in this way, qualitative and quantitative data are frequently complementary). Possibly the most important point
about qualitative research is that its practitioners do not seek to generalize their findings to a wider population.
Rather, they attempt to find examples of behavior, to clarify the thoughts and feelings of study participants, and to
interpret participants’ experiences of the phenomena of interest, to find explanations for human behavior in a given
context.
In ethnography, the natural setting or environment is as important as the participants, and such methods
have the advantage of explicitly acknowledging that, in the real world, environmental constraints and context
influence behaviors and outcomes. An example of ethnographic research in pharmacy might involve observations
to determine how pharmacists integrate into family health teams. Such a study would also include collection of
documents about participants’ lives from the participants themselves and field notes from the researcher.
As with other qualitative methodologies, grounded theory provides researchers with a process that can
be followed to facilitate the conduct of such research. As an example, Thurston and others used constructivist
grounded theory to explore the availability of arthritis care among indigenous people of Canada and were able to
identify several influences on health care for this population.
Phenomenology helps researchers to explore those experiences, thoughts, and feelings and helps to
elicit the meaning underlying how people behave. As an example, Hancock and others used a phenomenological
approach to explore health care professionals’ views of the diagnosis and management of heart failure since
publication of an earlier study in 2003. Their findings revealed that barriers to effective treatment for heart failure
had not changed in 10 years and provided a new understanding of why this was the case.
Comprehension Questions:
1. What is the author’s field of expertise?
2. What is the ‘missing data’ in the use of quantitative research in his field?
3. How can ethnographic study help in his field?
4. How did the constructivist theory help in arthritis care?
5. In what way is phenomenology helpful to patients?
LODLOD INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Lodlod, Lipa City
Tel No.: (043) 757-2913
Email add: [email protected]

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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1

Week 2 Target Learning Competencies:

LODLOD INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Qualitative Research: Getting Started

LODLOD INTEGRATED NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

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