Every Second One in The World Drives Automatic!

EVERY SECOND ONE IN THE
WORLD DRIVES AUTOMATIC!

ProCarManuals.com
SP21-30
The automatic gearbox 01M in the OCTAVIA embodies matured engineering in the au-
tomatic-shift gearbox.
The automatic gearbox offers the choice between the different shift programmes - de-
pending on the driver's accelerator pedal movements and the driving situation. If the
driver adopts a moderate style of driving, the gearbox switches to "Economy", and if
the driver's movements of the accelerator are sharper, it selects "Sport".
When climbing or descending hills the shift points are automatically selected as a func-
tion of the position of the accelerator pedal and the speed of the vehicle.
Thanks to a sophisticated electric-hydraulic control the automatic gearbox combines

performance, economy and driving comfort to offer a convincing automatic driving sen-
sation.
Comprehensive self-diagnosis monitors the electrical/electronic control and ensures

that any irregularities which occur are rapidly detected.
The Self Study Programme is intended to help you acquire the appropriate knowledge
regarding components, design and operation of the automatic gearbox.
2
Contents
Introduction 4
The automatic gearbox 01M 4
Selector lever positions 8
Mechanical Components 10
Planetary gear system 10
Planet gear set 12
Final drive/Differential 13
ATF Circuit 14
ATF circuit (block diagram) 14
Oil pump (ATF pump) 15
Torque Converter 16
The hydrodynamic torque converter 16
Torque Converter Lock-up Clutch 18
Torque converter lock-up clutch 17
Flow of hydraulic power 19
Flow of mechanical power 19
Operating principle of the lock-up clutch 20
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Shift Elements 22
Multi-disc clutches 22
Multi-disc brake 24
Freewheel 25
Power Flow 26
Overview of System 32
Sensors 34
Actuators 43
Subsystems 48
Selector lever lock 48
Park lock 50
Emergency Programme/Emergency Running 51
Self-Diagnosis 52
Function Diagram 54
Service Service Service Service Service

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You can find information on inspection and

maintenance, setting and repair instructions in
the Workshop Manual.
3
Introduction
The automatic gearbox 01M
Oil cooler
(ATF cooler)
Oil pump
(ATF pump)
Planetary gear
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Intermediate
gear stage
Torque converter with lock-up

clutch
Flange shaft
Differential
SP21-5
4
The automatic gearbox 01M has been developed for models with a power range from 55 up to
128 kW.
The gearbox is also transversely mounted relative to the direction of travel to match the instal-
lation position of the engine in the OCTAVIA.
The mechanical components of the automatic gearbox operate on the principle of the planetary
gear system.
The gearbox features a hydraulic-electronic control.
The hydraulic shift control unit is positioned below the gearbox in the oil sump.
The electronic control unit (ECU) is installed in the vehicle (in the plenum chamber).
It processes input information and selects a matching shift programme in line with the style of
driving.
The gears are then shifted automatically.
The gearbox and torque converter are matched in their overall ratio to the particular power out-
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put of the engine.
The power from the engine is passed by a hydrodynamic torque converter with integrated lock-
up clutch into the gearbox.
The 4 forward gears and reverse gear are formed by means of a Ravigneaux planetary gear
system.
The power is passed on to the differential and to the flange shafts through an intermediate
gear stage.
Tripod constant velocity joint shafts link the gearbox to the final drive.
A separate cooler is located directly on the gearbox for cooling the automatic transmission fluid
(ATF).
The ATF cooler is integrated in the coolant circuit of the vehicle.
5
Introduction
Depending on the ratio required, sun wheels
or the planet carrier in the Ravigneaux planet
gear set are held fixed or driven and the 4 for-
ward gears and reverse gear formed in this
way.
The shift elements required for this are the
clutches K1 to K3,
the brakes B1 and B2 and the freewheel F.
F B1 K3 K1 K2 B2
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Ravigneaux planetary gear system K

SP21-12
Hydraulic shift control unit

(control valve housing)
6
The shift elements are assigned as follows
K1 = 1st to 3rd gear clutch

K2 = Reverse gear clutch
K3 = 3rd and 4th gear clutch
B1 = Reverse gear brake
B2 = 2nd and 4th gear brake
F = Freewheel
K = Torque converter lock-up clutch
All the gears are shifted hydraulically.
The torque converter lock-up clutch (K) is closed hydraulically at a fixed

engine load and vehicle speed.
It then drives all the forward gears mechanically.
The table below shows you the shift elements which are operated in the indi-
vidual gears:
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B1 B2 K1 K2 K3 F K
R X = Clutches, brakes or freewheel

closed
H
1
M H = Hydraulic
H M = Mechanical
2
M
H
3
M
H
4
M
SP21-28
7
Introduction
Selector lever positions

Starting the engine
Touchbutton for selector
The engine can be started only if the selector Selector level
lever lock
lever is in position P or N.
Selector lever lock

Indicator lamp for selec-
The selector lever is locked in the positions P tor lever lock
and N if the ignition is switched on. The lock is
indicated by the warning lamp next to the selec-
tor display coming on.
The brake pedal has to be depressed in order to
override the lock.
The purpose of the selector lever lock is to pre-
vent a gear being engaged unintentionally and
the vehicle setting off in an uncontrolled manner.
In other words, it is necessary to depress the
brake pedal and at the same time to press the
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SP21-29
selector lever lock button in order to move the
selector lever out of positions P or N.
Position/Function
P = Park position
The gearbox output is locked mechanically.
"P" can only be engaged if the vehicle is stationary.
The ignition key can be withdrawn.
Also start position.
R = Reverse gear range
Must only be engaged when the vehicle is stationary and engine idling.
N = Neutral. No torque is transmitted.
Also start position.
D = Drive position of automatic gearbox.
Position for normal driving in 1st to 4th gear.
3 = Automatic shift from 1st to 3rd and 3rd to 1st gear
4th gear cannot be engaged. Select this drive position if position D would result in
frequent gear changes in certain driving situations.
Also recommended for lengthy downhill stretches.
2 = Automatic shift from 1st to 2nd and 2nd to 1st gear
3rd and 4th gears cannot be engaged.
Select this drive position when travelling in mountainous regions with lengthy uphill and
downhill stretches.
1 = Car moves off only in 1st gear.
2nd to 4th gears cannot be engaged.
Recommended for extreme downhill stretches in order to achieve maximum engine
braking effect.
8
Push-tow-starting
It is not possible to start the engine by

pushing or tow-starting the car if it is fitted
with an automatic gearbox.
The control pressure required for shifting a

gear is produced by the ATF pump only when
the engine is running.
It is therefore not possible, for technical rea-

SP21-14
sons, to transmit the thrust energy of the
vehicle to the engine.
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It is possible to tow a car fitted with an auto-

matic gearbox.
The selector lever should be shifted into posi-

tion N for this purpose.
Towing the car
The speed when towing the car should not be
greater than 50 km/h. The car should not be
towed for more than 50 km.
If it is necessary to tow the car over greater

distances, the front wheels of the car should
then be raised clear of the ground.
It is necessary to raise the front wheels of the

car clear of the ground when towing because
the rotating gearbox components are not lub-
ricated when the engine is not running.
SP21-13 For the same reason, the car cannot be

towed with the rear wheels raised clear of the
ground.
If the rear wheels are raised clear of the
ground, the drive shafts rotate in the reverse
direction.
The gears in the automatic gearbox will then
attain such high speeds that the gearbox
would suffer major damage within a very short
time.
9
Mechanical Components
Planetary gear system
General view (main components)
12 11 10 9 8 7 6
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Input gear Planetary gear
Turbine shaft
ATF pump
SP21-10
10
5 4 3 2 1
SP21-11
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1 ATF pump (forms the front gearbox end with its housing)
2 Supporting tube with brake B2 (2nd and 4th gear)
3 Reverse gear clutch K2
4 1st to 3rd gear clutch K1 / 3rd and 4th gear clutch K3 / turbine shaft
5 Small input shaft (projects into planet carrier)
6 Large input shaft (projects into small sun wheel)
7 Large sun wheel
8 Circlips for supporting tube and freewheel
9 Planet carrier with freewheel. The planet carrier contains the small sun wheel
and the short and long planet gears
10 Reverse gear brake B1
11 Hollow gear of planet gear system, forms a unit with the input gear (12)
12 Input gear (runs in gearbox housing in two taper roller bearings), also contains
the pulse rotor for the road speed sender G68
The components are linked by splines.

Clutches K1 and K3 and the turbine shaft are connected by an interference fit (item 4).
11
Mechanical Components
Planet gear set

The four forward gears and reverse gear
Hollow gear Large sun wheel are formed by means of a Ravigneaux
planet gear system.
Input gear It features two planet gear sets in the

common planet carrier:
large sun wheel,

small sun wheel,
planet carrier with three long planet
gears and three short planet gears
hollow gear
Depending on the ratio required (gear

selection), the sun wheels or planet car-
rier are driven or braked (refer also to the
description of power flow).
Long planet
gear The long planet gear is stepped which
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makes it possible to produce good ratios

and gear steppings.
This, in particular, provides a good gear
Small sun wheel SP21-16 step from 3rd to 4th gear.
Short planet Planet carrier

gear Operating principle
Large sun – meshes into the large

Large sun wheel Small sun wheel
wheel diameter of the long
planet gear
Hollow gear
Small sun – meshes into the short
wheel planet gear
Short planet – meshes into the small

gear diameter of the long
planet gear
Hollow gear – meshes into the small

diameter of the long
planet gear
The power to the intermediate gear set is

always transmitted through the hollow
gear which is permanently connected to
the input gear.
Long planet gear
Short planet gear

SP21-17
Planet carrier
12
Final drive/Differential
The power from the planetary gear
Drive pinion
system to the drive shafts is transmit- Bearing supporting
ted through a drive pinion (intermedi- Input gear at the plane- ring with gasket
ate gear set) and a differential. tary gear system
The design of the differential is similar

to that of other automatic gearboxes Output gear
with large and small differential bevel
gears.
The differential runs in taper roller bearings.
The connection to the drive shafts features

joint flanges which are housed within the dif-
ferential.
The differential has a separate oil chamber

from the planetary gear system.
This oil chamber is sealed to the planetary
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gear by means of a bearing supporting ring

with a gasket on the drive pinion. Joint flange
Differential SP21-9
The grade of oil used for lubricating the dif-
ferential flows from that in the planetary
gear. It does not circulate together in the oil
circuit.
Note:
The oil level for the final drive is inspected separately from the planetary
gear.
The drive for the speedometer is used as an inspection point.
Please refer to the current Workshop Manual for the specification and
capacity of oil for the final drive.
The oil is extracted and poured in separately!
The final drive - starting at the input gear at the planetary gear system - should be set exactly after
completing removal and installation operations and after replacing components.
You can find precise instructions and setting examples in the workshop manual for the automatic
gearbox.
13
ATF Circuit
ATF circuit (block diagram)
ATF cooler Shift elements
Lubrication points
Torque converter
ATF pump
Pressure
control Pressure
distribution
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Filter
Hydraulic shift
control unit
SP21-19
The ATF (= Automatic Transmission Fluid) is lo- The pressure distribution takes place in the hy-
cated in the oil sump below the gearbox. draulic shift control unit.
An oil pump is required as the ATF is used not
only for lubrication (as with a manual gearbox) but A separate ATF circuit is used to supply ATF to
also as the working medium for the torque con- the torque converter, to lubricate the bearing
verter and the automatic gearshifts. The oil pump points of all the rotating parts and to cool the ATF
draws the ATF out of the sump through an oil fil- by passing it through the ATF cooler.
ter, produces the working pressure (up to 25 bar)
and pumps the pressurized oil to the operating The latter is integrated in the coolant circuit of the
components. vehicle.
The pressure control (pressure control valves) re-
duces the oil pressure to different levels matching The automatic transmission fluid which flows out
the different functions of the gearbox. of the zero outlets of the valves as well as out of
(e.g. lubrication pressure 3 to 6 bar, shift pressure the lubrication points of the gearbox, is gathered
1 to 12 bar). again in the oil sump.
Note:
Carry out an inspection of the ATF level only when engine running
and at an inspection temperature of not more than 30 °C with selec-
tor lever in position P.
14
Oil pump (ATF pump)
Crescent moon
The oil pump is located between the torque
converter and planetary gear.
Outer gear Inner gear Housing
The housing at the same time forms the front
end of the gearbox tunnel.
The housing of the pump is provided with a
friction bearing for mounting the torque con-
verter.
The oil pump is driven directly through the

hub at the housing of the torque converter.
In other words, it always runs at engine

speed.
The oil pump is an internally-toothed gear

pump and is a "crescent moon pump" in
terms of its design.
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It supplies adequate pressure from the

moment the engine is idling to supply all the
downstream hydraulic systems with the nec-
essary working pressure and to ensure
proper lubrication.
The oil pump therefore supplies automatic
transmission fluid to the gearbox and to the SP21-18
hydraulic shift control unit. Pressure passage Intake passage
When the teeth move apart, the space

between the teeth is enlarged - automatic
transmission fluid is drawn in and pumped.
The fluid in the tooth gaps passes the cres- The working pressure is available directly at
cent moon. the pump outlet.
This shuts off the intermediate spaces of the
teeth to each other and thus prevents the The working pressure is as much as 25 bar.
fluid from flowing back.
It is regulated by a controlled zero outlet
After the intermediate space passes the through the working pressure control valve.
crescent moon, it becomes narrower and the
pressure of the ATF rises. Excess ATF flows back directly into the suc-
tion side at higher engine speeds.
15
Torque Converter
The hydrodynamic torque converter

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SP21-32
The torque converter is located between the The oil pump of the automatic gearbox is also
engine and the automatic gearbox, in a driven through the torque converter housing.
comparable position to the clutch of a man-
ual gearbox. In addition, the torque converter also contains the
The interior design of the torque converter torque converter lock-up clutch.
is matched to the engine torques, depend- The ring gear for the starter is positioned on the
ing on the engine to which it is assigned. outside of the torque converter.
Letters are used to assign the torque con-
verter to the relevant gearbox. Three bolts are used for attaching the torque con-
verter to the driven plate which is in turn bolted to
The torque converter consists of the familiar the crankshaft of the engine.
three main parts:
The torque converter is filled with hydraulic fluid
- Pump wheel from the supply of the automatic gearbox.
(which at the same time forms the It does not have its own separate oil chamber - in
housing of the torque converter) contrast to the differential, which is filled sepa-
- Turbine wheel rately.
(connected to the turbine shaft by
a splined section) When carrying out repairs, in contrast - in other
- Impeller words when the torque converter has been
(with freewheel) removed - the hydraulic fluid in the torque con-
The torque converter is in itself a compact verter should be drained separately.
unit which is filled with hydraulic fluid which It has to be extracted, for example with extractor
is pressurized. V.A.G 1358.
16
Gearbox side Engine side
Torque converter housing
Pump wheel
Turbine wheel
Freewheel
Oil pump drive

Turbine shaft
(Input shaft of gearbox)
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Impeller shaft
Impeller
Torque converter lock-
up clutch
Starter ring gear SP21-31
The operating principle of the torque converter is described in greater detail in SSP 20 Automatic
Gearbox Fundamentals. As a reminder:
The pump wheel is driven by the engine.
It accelerates the hydraulic fluid from the inside to the outside as a result of the centrifugal force.
The fluid is deflected at the inner wall of the housing toward the turbine wheel.
The ATF flow drives the turbine wheel.
The hydrodynamic energy of the fluid is converted into mechanical rotational movement.
The turbine wheel is connected to the turbine shaft (input shaft of the gearbox) and transmits the rota-
tional movement into the gearbox.
Note:
The torque converter makes it possible to engage a gear when the car is not
moving and the engine is idling.
It already transmits a slight torque in this situation, the car tends to "creep" for-
ward.
That is why you should always hold the car with the footbrake when the engine
is idling (refer also to selector lever lock).
It is not possible to carry out repairs to the torque converter. If any damage has occurred to the
converter, starter ring gear or lock-up clutch, the parts have to be replaced.
17
Torque Converter Lock-up Clutch
Torque converter lock-up clutch
Torque converter
housing
Friction lining
From engine
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Torsion damper
SP21-6
It is a known fact that a torque converter becomes less economic as its rotational speed increases.
It does not transmit the full engine torque at high speeds.
That is why a lock-up clutch is integrated in the housing of the torque converter to ensure the entire
engine torque is transmitted.
The lock-up clutch is a mechanical clutch.
It is the means of creating a mechanical connection from the engine to the automatic gearbox by
means of the friction lining.
The torque converter is locked up (and thus is taken out of action) in certain driving situations.
It is disengaged and engaged electro-hydraulically by solenoid valve N91 in line with the actuation by
the control unit. The working medium for this is the gear oil (automatic transmission fluid).
The lock-up clutch is connected to the turbine wheel.
Torsion dampers around the circumference of the lock-up clutch reduce the torsional oscillations of
the engine during the mechanical disengaging and engaging operation.
The torque converter lock-up clutch is operated irrespective of the gear engaged.
18
Flow of hydraulic power -
the lock-up clutch is open
From engine
Pump wheel
Turbine wheel
Turbine shaft
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SP21-33
Flow of mechanical power -

the lock-up clutch is closed
From engine
Torque converter housing
Lock-up clutch
Turbine shaft
SP21-34
19
Torque Converter Lock-up Clutch
Operating principle of the lock-up clutch

It is the control unit which defines the
moment for closing or opening the
torque converter lock-up clutch. This
is controlled through the modulation
valve N91.
Oil pressure is applied alternately to 3 oil

passages for closing and opening the lock-
up clutch.
The 3-line principle together with the modu-
lation valve N91 makes it possible to specif-
ically increase and reduce the pressure
when the lock-up clutch is closed and
opened.
The result is smooth jerk-free closing.
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SP21-35
The lock-up clutch is open
Hydraulic fluid flows through the passages

B and C.
Passage A is closed.
The hydraulic fluid leaving passage B flows
to the planetary gear where it lubricates the
components.
Oil passages
SP21-36
20
Rear of lock-up clutch
Friction lining
The lock-up clutch closes
For closing the lock-up clutch, hydraulic Torque con-

fluid is fed to passage A. verter housing
Passage C is opened. As a result, the oil
pressure at the rear of the lock-up clutch is
Front of lock-up
higher than at the front.
clutch
The friction lining moves against the torque
converter housing.
The mechanical power flow from the engine
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to the gearbox is completed.
The planetary gear is lubricated through

passages A and B.
SP21-37
The lock-up clutch is opened
The hydraulic fluid is again fed through pas-

sage C.
Passage A is closed.
As a result, the pressure on the front of the Front of lock-
lock-up clutch increases. up clutch
The lock-up clutch opens.
The power now flows once again hydrauli-
cally from the pump wheel to the turbine
wheel.
Lubricating fluid is once again supplied

through passages B and C.
SP21-38
21
Shift Elements
All the shift elements are active in addition to the torque converter lock-up clutch, multi-disc clutches
and multi-disc brakes. The purpose of the shift elements is to carry out gearshifts under load without
any interruption to the power flow. They are operated hydraulically.
Externally-toothed discs
Internally-toothed discs
Hydraulic plunger
Piston cover
Oil feed
Oil chamber down-

stream of hydraulic
plunger
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Oil chamber up-

Compression spring stream of hydraulic
plunger
SP21-39
Block diagram of multi-disc clutch K1 and K3
Multi-disc clutches Clutch open
The multi-disc clutches (K1, K2, K3) consist of The multi-disc clutches K1 and K3 are "centrif-
internally-toothed discs (which are at the same ugal force pressure-balanced" to ensure
time the friction lining) and externally-toothed smooth gearshifts.
discs and are connected by the disc carriers to A compression spring holds the multi-disc
the rotating parts. clutch open at any speed when it is in the non-
The number of internally-toothed and exter- operating state.
nally-toothed discs differs according to the
gearbox code and clutch. Hydraulic fluid in a pressureless state is con-
The hydraulic plunger rotates together with its stantly present upstream and downstream of
oil filling. the hydraulic plunger.
The oil is supplied through the hollow turbine It ensures a centrifugal force pressure balance
shaft. when the clutch is open and holds the clutch in
a defined initial state.
22
Externally-toothed
discs Internally-toothed discs
Clutch closes
In order to close the multi-disc clutch, oil is

forced under pressure into the chamber Oil chamber up-
upstream of the hydraulic plunger. stream of hydraulic
plunger
As a result of the oil pressure the compres-
sion spring and the discs of the clutch are
compressed.
The turbine shaft and the small input shaft

are connected by means of the disc carriers
to the multi-disc clutch (in this case clutch Turbine shaft (ex-
K3 for 3rd/4th gear). ternally-toothed
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disc carrier)
Power transmission is possible; the power
flows into the planet carrier.
Small input shaft (internally- SP21-40
toothed disc carrier)
Clutch opens
To open the clutch, the chamber upstream

of the hydraulic plunger is again made
pressureless.
As a result of the dropping oil pressure the

compression spring which is resting against
the hydraulic cylinder pushes the plunger
back into its initial position.
Clutch K3 opens.
Power transmission to the planet carrier is
again interrupted.
Hydraulic plunger
SP21-39
23
Shift Elements
Multi-disc brake
Gearbox housing
Supporting in gearbox housing
Dished washer
Externally-toothed
discs
Hydraulic plunger
Internally-toothed
discs
Freewheel
Internally-toothed housing
disc carrier (=
planet carrier)
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SP21-41
Block diagram of brake B1
The automatic gearbox 01M features two The externally-toothed discs have
multi-disc brakes for holding the gearbox shaped lugs on the outside.
components of the planet gear sets fixed. These permit them to be supported in the
slots in the gearbox housing.
Brake B1 = Reverse gear brake
Brake B2 = 2nd and 4th gear brake The multi-disc brake is operated hydrauli-
cally in a similar way to the multi-disc
The internally-toothed discs each are clutches.
positioned on the rotating internally-too-
thed disc carrier. The hydraulic plunger which is located in
They are connected to the carrier by the freewheel housing compresses the
means of a splined section. disc set by means of a dished washera.
The number of discs differs according to

the gearbox/engine combination.
24
Freewheel
Freewheel direction Blocking direction
Gearbox housing
Outer race of free-

wheel
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Inner race (planet

carrier)
Rollers
SP21-42
The freewheel is designed as a roller freewheel. The rollers move into the narrowing gap in the
blocking direction.
The rollers are located between the outer race - Inner race and outer race are connected. As a
which at the same time is the mounting for the result, rotation of the planet carrier is prevented.
plunger of the multi-disc brake B1 - and the
inner race which is part of the planet carrier. The freewheel, in combination with the shift ele-
ments, are used to achieve smooth power
The outer race is supported by means of a lug in engagement.
the gearbox housing.
The rollers have play in the direction of rotation;

they permit the rotation.
25
Power Flow
Let us recall:
The control unit operates the clutches and brakes through The freewheel F by means of which the
the solenoid valves in the control valve housing in line planet carrier is supported in 1st gear
with the gear engaged. (see example of 1st gear).
F B1
The clutches K1, K2 and K3 pass the force on to the
planet gear set. They
are multi-disc clutches with

internally-toothed discs and externally-toothed
discs, both are
connected to the rotating parts;
power flow in a controlled manner into a planet
gear set or to connect two parts of a planet gear
set to each other.
The hydraulic plunger rotates together with its
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hydraulic fluid filling.
The brake B1 holds the planet carrier fixed.
Clutch K2 drives the large sun wheel.

Clutch K1 drives the small sun wheel.
Clutch K3 drives the planet carrier.
The brake B2 holds the large sun wheel fixed.
Brakes B1, B2
are multi-disc brakes, the

internally-toothed discs being connected to the
rotating gearbox part,
externally-toothed discs fixed,
hydraulic plunger compresses the disc set,
are used for holding one part of the planet gear
set fixed.
26
K3 K1 K2 B2
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SP21-46
The torque converter lock-up clutch K with which the

mechanical force is passed from the engine to the gear-
K
box (see example of 4th gear).
27
Power Flow
Selector lever position N or P
Differential with flange shafts

Direction of travel
Intermediate gear set
(drive pinion)
Turbine wheel
B2 F B1
Pump wheel K2
Input gear
K1
K3
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From engine
SP21-20
Hollow gear
Large sun wheel Small sun wheel Planet carrier
No torque is transmitted when the selec- Hollow gear

tor lever is in position N or P. This Neu-
tral position is what we use to explain the Input gear
power flow diagram.
Planet carrier
– The power flow diagram shows the
top part of the gearbox.
The bottom part has been deleted
to simplify the illustration.
– The power flow which exists is indi-
cated in the individual gears by
using colour
– Gears and shafts are represented
by rectangles or dashes.
– Parts held fixed are connected to
SP21-16
broken lines.
are symbols for freewheel The power transmitted from the planet gear set
to the intermediate gear set passes in all the
gears through the hollow gear which is perma-
are symbols for clutches or brakes nently connected to the input gear.
The hollow gear has been represented in the
diagram as a dash to simplify the illustration.
28
Selector lever position R = Reverse
B1
K2
SP21-27
Clutch K2 is closed by the

Brake B1 holds the
Pump wheel Turbine wheel
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selector lever, large sun

planet carrier fixed
wheel driven
Ratio of reverse = 2.88
Selector lever position D or 1 = 1st gear
K1
SP21-21
Planet carrier or-

Pump wheel Turbine wheel Clutch K1 drives bits around free-
the small sun wheel wheel F
Ratio of 1st gear = 2.71
29
Power Flow
Selector lever position D or 2 = 2nd gear
B2
K1
SP21-22
Clutch K1 drives
Brake B2 holds the large
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Pump wheel Turbine wheel the small sun

sun wheel fixed
wheel
Ratio of 2nd gear = 1.44
Selector lever position D or 3 = 3rd gear
K1
K3
SP21-23
Clutch K1 drives Clutch K3 drives

Pump wheel Turbine wheel
the small sun wheel the planet carrier
As the small sun wheel and the planet carrier are Ratio of 3rd gear = 1.00
driven, the entire planetary gear set rotates.
30
Selector lever position D = 4th gear
B2
K3
SP21-25
Brake B2 holds the

Clutch K3 drives the plan-
ProCarManuals.com
Pump wheel Turbine wheel large sun wheel

et carrier
fixed
The planet gear set rotates around the large sun Ratio of 4th gear = 0.74
wheel.
4th gear with lock-up clutch
B2
K3
SP21-26
Brake B2 holds the

Torque con- Lock-up clutch Clutch K3 drives
large sun wheel
verter housing the planet carrier
fixed
Ratio of 4th gear = 0.74
31
Overview of System
Sensors
Throttle valve potenti-

ometer G69 (through
engine control unit)
Automatic gearbox control unit

Gearbox speed sender G38 J217
Road speed sender G68

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Engine speed sender G28

(through engine control unit)
Multifunction switch F125
Brake light switch F
Kickdown switch F8
Connection for self-diagnosis
Gear oil temperature

sender G93
32
Actuators
Control valve body with solenoid

valves N88 - N94
Selector lever lock solenoid N110

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Starter lockout and reversing light

relay J226
Additional signals
Engine control unit
Air conditioning/shut-off of mag-

netic coupling through AC control
unit
SP21-3
33
Sensors
Engine speed sender G28

The control unit of the automatic gearbox uses
the engine speed signal of the relevant engine
management system.
Use of signal
– The control unit compares the engine speed
and the road speed.
The control unit detects the slip of the lock-
up clutch from the difference in the speeds.
– If the slip is too large (speed difference) the
control unit increases the contact pressure of
the lock-up clutch and thus reduces the slip.
SP172/21
– The signal supplied by the engine speed
sender is used by the control unit as a sub-
stitute parameter
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Substitute function
In the event of a signal failure, the control unit
moves into the emergency running mode.
Self-diagnosis
If an engine speed of less than 450 rpm exists at
a gearbox input speed of at least 2000 rpm, this
is detected as a fault. This is the case in the
event of an open circuit, short circuit or a signal
level which is too low.
Electric circuit
19 Signal wire
42 Screening
Engine control unit 64 Supply voltage
J217 Automatic gearbox control unit
SP21-55
34
Gearbox oil temperature sender
G93
The gearbox oil temperature sender G93 is an
NTC resistor.
It reduces its resistance as the oil temperature
rises.
Use of signal
If the ATF temperature reaches the limit of
SP172/18 150˚C, the lock-up clutch is closed.
This reduces the load on the torque converter
and the ATF cools down.
Should this measure not be adequate, the con-
trol unit shifts the gearbox down a gear.
Substitute function
ProCarManuals.com
If an excessively high temperature has already

been detected, the gearshifts are carried out at
higher shift points. Otherwise, an ATF tempera-
ture below the limit temperature is assumed.
Overheating can no longer be determined.
Self-diagnosis
Short circuit to earth and open circuit are
detected as faults in the self-diagnosis.
A particular feature should be noted in respect of
fault diagnosis.
The processor is not able to electrically distin-
guish a cold sensor from an open circuit in the
wiring. That is why a gearbox state has to exist
in which the sensor is reliably warm.
Electric circuit
6 ATF temperature signal
67 Supply voltage
SP172/20
35
Sensors
Road speed sender G68

The sender is an inductive sensor. The informa-
tion regarding road speed is detected from the
pulse rotor at the input gear.
Use of signal
SP21-7
The information regarding road speed is
required in the control unit for
– determining which gear should be engaged

– controlling torque converter slip
Substitute function
In the event of a signal failure, the engine speed
is used as a substitute function.
The lock-up clutch is no longer closed.
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Self-diagnosis
"No signal" is detected in self-diagnosis.
Electric circuit
SP21-45 20 Signal wire
43 Screening
65 Output voltage
SP21-56
36
Gearbox speed sender G38
The sender is an inductive sensor.
It is located in the gearbox housing and detects
the speed of the large sun wheel in the planet
gear.
SP21-8 Use of signal

The speed of the large sun wheel makes it possi-
ble for the control unit to exactly detect the
moment of a gearshift.
The speed signal is used by the control unit for

more accurately calculating the following func-
tions:
– Reducing engine torque during the gearshift

by retarding the ignition angle
– Controlling the multi-disc clutches during the
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gearshift
Substitute function
In the event of a signal failure, the control unit
moves into the emergency running mode.
SP21-44
Self-diagnosis
"No signal" is detected in self-diagnosis.
Electric circuit
21 Signal wire (pulses)
44 Screening
66 Output voltage
SP21-57
37
Sensors
Throttle valve potentiometer G69

The throttle valve potentiometer is connected to
the throttle valve. It constantly supplies informa-
tion regarding the position of the throttle valve
and the operating rate of the accelerator pedal to
the control unit.
The information passes through the engine con-
trol unit to the automatic gearbox control unit.
Use of signal
SP21-50
The information is used for:
– Computing the load-related shift point

– Setting the load-dependent oil pressure in line
with the gear
The control unit computes the shift points for the

automatic gearbox on the basis of the operating
rate of the accelerator pedal.
ProCarManuals.com
Substitute function
A signal failure results in the following effects:
– The control unit assumes a moderate engine
load for the shift point.
– The ATF pressure is set to full throttle pres-
sure in line with the gear.
– The shift programmes can no longer be car-
ried out by the control unit.
Self-diagnosis
The throttle valve potentiometer G69 is included
in the self-diagnosis.
Electric circuit
41 Load signal through engine control unit
13 Influencing ignition timing
G69 Throttle valve potentiometer
J220 Engine control unit
depending on
depending on
J361 Engine control unit
}
engine assign-
engine assignment ment
SP21-58
38
Kickdown switch F8
The kickdown switch is integrated in the acceler-
ator cable.
It is the means of detecting when the accelerator
pedal is depressed beyond the full throttle point.
It operates as an NO contact to earth.
The contact is closed when the switch is oper-
ated.
Use of signal
When the switch is operated, the gearbox shifts
immediately into the appropriate gear.
SP172/23
The control unit takes into account engine
speed. In addition, upshifts are carried out at
higher engine speeds.
If a high engine power is required in the kick-
down mode, the air conditioning is switched off
for up to 8 seconds.
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Substitute function
In the event of a signal failure, the kickdown shift
point is effected at approx. 95 % of the full throt-
tle value of the load potentiometer.
Self-diagnosis
When the switch is operated, the engine control
unit checks with the aid of the load potentiometer
whether the throttle valve is fully opened. If a
non-conformity situation exists, this is detected
as a fault. No check is conducted if the vehicle is
not moving.
Electric circuit
16 Kickdown signal
SP21-59
39
Sensors
Multifunction switch F125

The multifunction switch is located above the
shift shaft in the gearbox housing.
It is operated directly by means of a cable in line
with the movement of the selector lever.
Selector lever positions P, R, N, D, 3, 2, 1 result
from the shift contacts.
Use of signal
– The multifunction switch transmits the selector
lever position to the automatic gearbox control
unit. It analyses this information and operates
the gearbox control accordingly.
SP21-49 – Actuation of the reversing light relay
– Blocking the starter when a gear is engaged
Substitute function
In the event of a fault, the automatic gearbox
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control unit assumes selector lever position "D".

This results in the following reactions:
In selector lever position "D", "3" and "2" = all 4
gears are engaged automatically, manual selec-
tion of 3rd and 2nd gear is inactive.
A special case applies to engaging 1st gear. If
4th gear was engaged, it then remains engaged.
If 3rd, 2nd or 1st gear was engaged, 1st gear is
engaged. Selector lever positions "P", "R", "N"
remain;
starting is possible in "P", not in "N"
Self-diagnosis
Open circuits as well as short circuits to the con-
trol unit can be detected as faults if they result in
an incorrect combination.
An unplugged connector is detected as a fault.
Electric circuit
F125 Multifunction switch
J226 Starter lockout and reversing light relay
Refer to selector lever positions for PIN number.
SP21-47
40
Selector lever positions
The selector lever position is transmitted to the

gearbox control by the multifunction switch F125
along four coding wires.
Switch contacts 1, 2, 5 and 6 run directly to pins

63, 40, 18 and 62 of the gearbox control unit.
The switch is connected by 2 wires to terminal

15 (system voltage) and to terminal 31 (earth).
Shift stages The four two-pin switches of the multifunction

switch result in the seven shift combinations of
the shift stages for the selector lever positions.
6/62 2/40
P = Gearbox output locked mechanically

7/ + 5/18 3/ 1/63
P R = Reverse gear range

ProCarManuals.com
N = Neutral, no torque transmission

R
D = Forward gear range, all 4 gears shifted
N automatically
3 = Forward gear range, 3 gears are shifted

D automatically
4th gear is not engaged
3 2 = Forward gear range, 2 gears are shifted

automatically
3rd and 4th gear are not engaged
2 1 = Forward gear range, only 1st gear is

used
1
SP21-48
Note:
The position of selector lever relative to the multifunction switch is of importance for
the gearbox function.
Positions P, R, N and D are also transmitted mechanically to the selector slide valve in
the hydraulic shift control unit.
That is why the selector lever cable has to be exactly set.
Information regarding this is provided in the Workshop Manual OCTAVIA, Automatic
Gearbox.
41
Sensors
Brake light switch F
The brake light switch F is located at the brake

pedal.
It operates as a NO contact to terminal 30.
When the brake is operated, information is sup-
plied to the automatic gearbox control unit.
Use of signal
The "brake operated" information is required for
cancelling the "selector lever lock" function.
The selector lever can be moved out of position
P or N when the vehicle is stationary only if the
brake pedal is depressed.
ProCarManuals.com
SP172/99
Substitute function
In the event of a signal failure, the brake light
switch is assumed to be operated.
The selector lever lock (shiftlock) is cancelled,
the selector lever is no longer blocked.
Self-diagnosis
The brake light switch is detected in function 08,
Reading measured value block.
Electric circuit
F Brake light switch
15 Signal wire
30 Positive
M9 Brake light
M10 Brake light
SP21-51
42
Actuators
Selector lever lock solenoid N110

(shiftlock solenoid)
The solenoid is located at the shift mechanism.

It is connected on the one side to terminal 15, is
operated with the ignition and mechanically locks
the selector lever to prevent a gear being engaged.
The second connection is linked to the automatic
gearbox control unit.
The shiftlock is only cancelled when the brake

pedal is depressed (refer also to brake pedal
switch F).
The selector lever can be moved into any drive
position.
A visual indication is provided in the illuminated
selector lever display to show that the shiftlock is
engaged.
SP21-67
This indicator goes out when the brake pedal is
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operated.
Reaction in the event of a fault

If an open circuit exists, the selector lever lock is
cancelled.
If a short to earth exists, the selector lever is
blocked in position "P" or "N".
Self-diagnosis
The solenoid is checked for open circuit and short
to earth and is included in function 08, Reading
measured value block.
Electric circuit
15 Terminal 15
29 Signal output (earth) of control unit
L19 Bulb for illuminating selector lever display
N110 Selector lever lock solenoid
SP21-52
43
Actuators
Solenoid valves N88 to N94

Solenoid valves N88 to N94 are located in
the control valve housing of the gearbox.
The control valve housing is the actual
hydraulic shift control unit of the automatic
gearbox.
All the solenoid valves are directly con-
nected to the automatic gearbox control unit.
They are supplied with the output informa-
tion which is required for the hydraulic gear-
shifts in line with the shift programme, by the
automatic gearbox control unit.
SP172/29
Use of signal
Solenoid valves N88, N89, N90, N92 and

N94 are OPEN/CLOSED valves.
They are either open or closed and open or

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close an oil passage each.
– The gears defined by the control unit

are engaged by means of the valves
N89 N88, N89 and N90 (shift solenoid
N88 valves).
– The smoothness of the gearshift is
N92 influenced by the valves N92 and N94
N90 (control solenoid valves.
SP172/30
N94
Solenoid valves N91 and N93 (control
solenoid valves) are modulation valves.
The level of the clutch pressure required is

set by means of these two valves. The con-
trol is carried out steplessly. The control unit
determines the level of the amperage. The
clutch pressure alters in line with the amper-
age.
– Valve N91 controls the clutch pres-

sure for the lock-up clutch.
– Valve N93 controls the pressure of the
multi-disc clutches and multi-disc
brakes.
N91
N93 SP172/31
44
Substitute function
In the event of a fault, the automatic gearbox

control unit switches to the emergency running
mode.
In this case, the gearbox shifts into hydraulic 3rd

gear when driving, taking into account the speed
of the vehicle and the position of the selector
lever.
Self-diagnosis
All the valves are checked for open circuit and
short to earth as soon as the ignition is switched
on.
The check is continued on a permanent basis.
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The solenoid valves can be interrogated individ-

SP172/105
ually in function 02, Interrogating fault memory.
Electric circuit
9 Solenoid valve N90

22 Supply voltage N93
67 Supply voltage of solenoid valves
SP21-53
45
Actuators
Starter lockout and reversing

light relay J226
The relay is a combination relay.
In the OCTAVIA it is located at relay position 11
of the additional relay carrier.
The relay is connected directly to the output of
the automatic gearbox control unit (pin 11).
The output is connected to earth if the selector
lever is in position P or N (Park/Neutral signal).
It is only possible to start the car in these posi-
tions.
In the event of an open circuit in the wiring, it is
only possible to start the car in "P".
SP21-64
The reversing lights are also operated through
this relay if reverse gear is engaged.
The signal in this case comes from the multifunc-
tion switch once the selector lever is in position
"R".
ProCarManuals.com
Self-diagnosis
Not included in self-diagnosis.
Electric circuit
J226 Starter lockout and reversing light
relay
B/50 Starter terminal 50
D/50 Ignition/starter switch terminal 50
M16/17 Reversing lights
11 P, N signal
18 P, R, N signal
63 P signal
SP21-54
46
Additional signals
To engine control unit
The automatic gearbox control unit is linked

directly to the engine control unit.
Information flows through this output if engine
torque is to be reduced during a gearshift by
altering the ignition timing.
Gear shift
The engine control unit makes use of this signal
OT to briefly retard the ignition timing in order to
reduce engine torque.
This improves the quality of the gearshifts by
achieving smoother shifting.
ProCarManuals.com
SP21-62
To air conditioning system
The automatic gearbox control unit signals to the

air conditioning control unit when the kickdown
switch is operated
The magnetic clutch of the AC compressor is

switched off in this case for up to 8 seconds.
Full engine output is then available for accelera-
ting.
The air conditioning is likewise switched off for

up to 8 seconds after the engine is started.
This minimises the load on the engine after it is
started.
8s
SP21-61
47
Subsystems
Selector lever lock (shiftlock)
Shift linkage with lock-

ing link
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Locking pin of selector lever

SP21-66
lock solenoid
The selector lever lock (shiftlock) is a technical

safety measure on automatic gearboxes. This
makes it possible to eliminate incorrect operation on
the part of the driver.
It operates electro-mechanically.
The P/N position.
The selector lever is locked electro-mechanically in A locking pin is inserted mechanically into the
selector lever positions P and N. locking link of the shift mechanism of the selec-
This eliminates any risk of unintentionally starting off tor lever when it is in position P and N by
when a gear is engaged mechanically (R, D, 3, 2, 1). means of a solenoid (refer also to the section
on Actuators - selector lever lock solenoid).
This lock is released only when the brake

pedal is depressed.
48
Function diagram for P/N position
(block diagram)
The selector lever is moved mechanically by
F125
P
P the driver into position P or N.
R
This position is detected by the multifunction
N
D
N switch F125 and signalled to the automatic
3 gearbox control unit J217.
2
1
The control unit activates the lock through the
selector lever lock solenoid N110 and the
selector lever is locked mechanically by the
solenoid.
J217
When the footbrake is depressed, a pulse is
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supplied by the brake light switch F to the

F control unit.
N110 The control unit thereupon actuates the

selector lever lock solenoid to cancel the
mechanical lock.
SP21-60
The selector lever lock solenoid releases the

locking pin
It is now possible to engage a gear.
Note:
A time lag element is incorporated in the functional sequence.
This ensures that the selector lever is not locked if it is shifted briskly through "N"
(e.g. from R to D and D to R for "rocking" free a car which has become stuck in
snow).
The selector lever lock function is activated, however, if the selector lever
remains in position "N" for more than 2 seconds.
The selector lever lock in position "N" is automatically switched off if the vehicle
speed is greater than 5 km/h.
49
Subsystems
Park lock
Drive gear Driving shaft

Intermediate gear stage
Park lock gear
SP21-9
ProCarManuals.com
Detent lever
Engaging lever
Shift shaft
SP21-65
The park lock is a means of securing the vehicle If the detent lever strikes against a tooth and
from moving off, in addition to the parking brake. does not move into the gap when the selector
It is engaged purely mechanically when the sel- lever is moved into position "P", it is tensioned by
ector lever is in position "P" and the vehicle is a spring.
stationary.
The slightest movement of the vehicle then
The park lock acts on the intermediate gear causes the detent lever to jump into the gap.
stage of the automatic gearbox. Detent lever and the teeth of the park lock gear
The park lock gear, like the drive gear of the are shaped so that the detent lever cannot
intermediate gear stage, is permanently atta- engage if the park lock gear is rotating at a high
ched to the driving shaft. speed.
If the selector lever is moved into position "P", This eliminates any risk of the gearbox blocking
the shift shaft moves the engaging lever against when driving.
the detent lever.
The detent lever moves up into the tooth gap of
the park lock gear.
The intermediate gear stage is blocked, the vehi-
cle is secured.
50
Emergency Programme/Emergency Running Mode
The electronic system in the automatic gearbox

01M is a rugged design.
Fault analysis shows that 90% of all failures are
likely to be caused by wiring, plug connections,
sensor or actuators.
The electronic system is designed so as to

switch to a substitute signal or to assume a sub-
stitute value in the event of an input signal not
being received (see substitute functions under
Sensors/Actuators)
= emergency programme.
The electronic control system actuates the func-

SP21-63 tions so as to avoid any consequential damage.
ProCarManuals.com
If an essential signal is not received or if an actu-

ator or the electronic control itself fails, and no
substitute signal can be formed, the system
switches into
= emergency running mode.
The gearbox then operates as a purely hydraulic

gearbox. The torque converter lock-up clutch is
The car can still be driven! switched off.
The selector lever remains coupled mechanically

to the selector lever slide valve to enable the
vehicle to move.
The gearbox can still be shifted manually into the
selector lever positions.
In selector lever positions D, 3 and 2, however,

only 3rd gear is available.
In selector lever position 1 and R the relevant
gear is available.
Note:
Failure of a secondary signal can be felt by a deterioration in the smoothness of the
gearshifts (shift jolts are noticeable).
The emergency programme sets a fault memory which can be read in self-diagnosis.
The emergency running mode is retained until the fault is rectified.
51
Self-Diagnosis
The self-diagnosis
monitors the signals of the sensors and also the ope-

ration of the actuators electrically and carries out a
self-test of the gearbox control unit.
If a fault occurs, substitute functions are activated.

The faults are stored in the permanent fault memory
of the control unit.
Consequently, the fault messages are retained even
if the battery is disconnected or the connector of the
control unit is unplugged.
The diagnostic connection
acts as a diagnostic interface and makes it possible SP17-29

to rapidly transfer data from the gearbox control unit
to the vehicle system tester and in the opposite
direction.
ProCarManuals.com
The faults can be read using the vehicle system

tester V.A.G 1552 with programme card 3.
Note:
It is also possible to use fault reader V.A.G 1551.
In this case, use programme card 7.
The integrated printer makes it easier to structure the detection of the measured
values.
By selecting the address word
02 Gearbox electronics
it is possible to select the following functions of data transfer:
01 – Interrogating control unit version

02 – Interrogating fault memory
04 – Initiating basic setting
05 – Erasing fault memory
06 – Ending output
08 – Reading measured value block
52
All the sensors and actuators which are colour-coded are monitored by the self-diagnosis and can be
tested using function 08 - Reading measured value block.
ProCarManuals.com
SP21-43
Note:
After completing certain repairs or replacing components, it is
then necessary to restore the system to the basic setting (func-
tion 04 - Initiating basic setting).
This is the case, for example, after:
replacing the engine,
replacing the engine control unit,
replacing the throttle valve control unit,
replacing the automatic gearbox control unit,
or replacing clutches or the control valve housing.
For the precise procedure regarding self-diagnosis refer to the Workshop Manual OCTAVIA, Automatic
Gearbox
53
Function Diagram
The function diagram represents a

simplified current flow diagram
and shows how all the system
components of the gearbox con-
trol are interlinked.
Components
A Battery
B/50 Starter (terminal 50)
D/50 Ignition/starter switch
(terminal 50)
F Brake light switch
F8 Kickdown switch
G28 Engine speed sender
G38 Gearbox speed sender
G68 Road speed sender
G69 Throttle valve potentiometer
G93 Gearbox oil temperature
sender
ProCarManuals.com
J226 Starter lockout and reversing

light relay
J220 Motronic control unit
J361 Simos control unit
L19 Bulb for illuminating selector
lever display
M16/M17 Bulbs for reversing lights
M9/M10 Bulbs for brake and tail light
N88 Solenoid valve 1
N110 Selector lever lock solenoid
valve
S... Fuses
Additional signals Colour coding/Legend
1 AC cut-off at kickdown = Input signal
= Output signal
= Positive
= Earth
54
ProCarManuals.com
SP21-15
A2 Positive connection 15 in wiring loom
A40 Positive connection 30 in wiring loom
U2 Positive connection 15 in wiring loom

55

Every Second One in The World Drives Automatic!

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How does the automatic gearbox 01M work?

How does the automatic gearbox 01M work?

What are the main components of the automatic gearbox?

What are the main components of the automatic gearbox?

EVERY SECOND ONE IN THE

WORLD DRIVES AUTOMATIC!

Thanks to a sophisticated electric-hydraulic control the automatic gearbox combines

Comprehensive self-diagnosis monitors the electrical/electronic control and ensures

Service Service Service Service Service

XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX XXXXXXXXXXXXX

You can find information on inspection and

The automatic gearbox 01M

Torque converter with lock-up

The gearbox features a hydraulic-electronic control.

put of the engine.

Ravigneaux planetary gear system K

Hydraulic shift control unit

K1 = 1st to 3rd gear clutch

All the gears are shifted hydraulically.

The torque converter lock-up clutch (K) is closed hydraulically at a fixed

R X = Clutches, brakes or freewheel

Selector lever positions

Selector lever lock

It is not possible to start the engine by

The control pressure required for shifting a

It is therefore not possible, for technical rea-

It is possible to tow a car fitted with an auto-

The selector lever should be shifted into posi-

If it is necessary to tow the car over greater

It is necessary to raise the front wheels of the

SP21-13 For the same reason, the car cannot be

Planetary gear system

General view (main components)

Input gear Planetary gear

The components are linked by splines.

Planet gear set

Input gear It features two planet gear sets in the

large sun wheel,

Depending on the ratio required (gear

makes it possible to produce good ratios

Short planet Planet carrier

Large sun – meshes into the large

Short planet – meshes into the small

Hollow gear – meshes into the small

The power to the intermediate gear set is

Short planet gear

The design of the differential is similar

The differential runs in taper roller bearings.

The connection to the drive shafts features

The differential has a separate oil chamber

gear by means of a bearing supporting ring

ATF circuit (block diagram)

ATF cooler Shift elements

The oil pump is driven directly through the

In other words, it always runs at engine

The oil pump is an internally-toothed gear

It supplies adequate pressure from the

When the teeth move apart, the space

The hydrodynamic torque converter