Answer Key

The Complete Guide To

The TOEFL® Test
PBT Edition

Answer Key and Audio Scripts

Bruce Rogers

TOEFL® is a registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS). This publication is not endorsed or
approved by ETS.

Copyright © 2011 Heinle, a Part of Cengage Learning, Inc

 Answer Key

CONTENTS
ANSWER KEY

SECTION 1: GUIDE TO LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Sample Listening Comprehension Test 3

Part A: Dialogs 3
Part B: About Extended Conversations 5
Part C: Mini-Talks 6
Mini-Lessons for Section 1: Idiomatic Expressions 6

SECTION 2: GUIDE TO STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Sample Structure and Written Expression Test 9

Part A: About Structure 10
Part B: Written Expression 12
Mini-Lessons for Section 2: Preposition Use 19

SECTION 3: GUIDE TO READING COMPREHENSION

Sample Reading Comprehension Test 20

Reading Comprehension Exercises and Mini-Test 21
Mini-Lessons for Section 3: Vocabulary Building 24

THREE COMPLETE PRACTICE TESTS

Practice Test 1 27
Practice Test 2 30
Practice Test 3 33

AUDIO SCRIPTS

SECTION 1: GUIDE TO LISTENING COMPREHENSION

Sample Listening Comprehension Test 37

Part A: Dialogs 41
Part B: Extended Conversations 62
Part C: Mini-Talks 69

THREE COMPLETE PRACTICE TESTS

Practice Test 1 76
Practice Test 2 80
Practice Test 3 84
 Answer Key

SECTION 1: LISTENING COMPREHENSION

SAMPLE LISTENING COMPREHENSION TEST

1.C 11.C 21.A 31.A 41.D

2.B 12.D 22.D 32.C 42.C
3.B 13.A 23.A 33.C 43.A
4.A 14.B 24.D 34.A 44.B
5.A 15.A 25.D 35.D 45.B
6.C 16.D 26.A 36.B 46.A
7.B 17.C 27.C 37.D 47.A
8.D 18.A 28.B 38.D 48.A
9.B 19.D 29.C 39.D 49.C
10.C 20.B 30.B 40.A 50.D

PART A: DIALOGS

Exercise 1
Set A Set B Set C
1.b 4.e 6.d 9.c 11.e 14.f
2.f 5.c 7.a 10.b 12.a 15.d
3.a 8.f 13.c

Exercise 2.1
1.B 4.A 7.B 10.A 13.B
2.B 5.A 8.B 11.B 14.B
3.A 6.A 9.B 12.A 15.B

Exercise 2.2
1. B center later 7. B hear pain
2. C appointment appointed 8. C food boots
3. C plants cattle 9. C weakened awakened
4. A drain train 10. B texts collect
5. A sister missed her 11. A van fine
6. C copy cough drops 12. B list police

Exercise 3.1
1.B 4.A 7.B 10.A
2.B 5.B 8.B 11.B
3.B 6.A 9.B 12.B

Exercise 3.2
1.A 3.A 5.A 7.A 9.B
2.B 4.B 6.A 8.B 10.B

Exercise 3.3
1.A 4.A 7.A 10.A
2.B 5.B 8.A 11.B
3.B 6.A 9.B 12.A
 Answer Key

Exercise 4.1
1.A was in trouble 5.B immediately 9.A permanently
2.A met … unexpectedly 6.A nervous 10.B Help
3.B became friends 7.B a little sick 11.B close to
4.A simple 8.A looks like 12.B didn’t like

Exercise 4.2
Set A Set B Set C
1.A 5.A 9.A 13.B 17.B 21.B
2.B 6.B 10.B 14.B 18.A 22.B
3.A 7.B 11.A 15.A 19.B 23.A
4.A 8.B 12.B 16.B 20.A 24.A

Exercise 4.3
1.C 5.A 9.C 13.C 17.B
2.B 6.C 10.C 14.B 18.C
3.A 7.C 11.A 15.B 19.A
4.B 8.A 12.B 16.A 20.C

Exercise 5
1.C 5.A 9.B 13.A 17.A
2.A 6.C 10.A 14.C 18.A
3.C 7.C 11.B 15.B 19.B
4.B 8.B 12.B 16.B 20.C

Exercise 6.1
1.A 4.A 7.A 10.B
2.A 5.B 8.B 11.A
3.B 6.B 9.A 12.A

Exercise 6.2
1.A 4.C 7.A 10.A
2.C 5.A 8.B 11.C
3.C 6.B 9.B 12.B

Exercise 7.1
1.A 5.B 9.B 13.A
2.A 6.A 10.A 14.B
3.B 7.A 11.A 15.B
4.B 8.B 12.B 16.B

Exercise 7.2
1.C 5.A 9.B 13.B
2.C 6.B 10.C 14.C
3.C 7.C 11.A 15.C
4.A 8.A 12.B 16.B

Exercise 8
1.C 5.C 9.B 13.C 17.A
2.B 6.A 10.A 14.B 18.B
3.B 7.C 11.A 15.B 19.B
4.A 8.C 12.C 16.A 20.A
 Answer Key

Exercise 9
1.A 4.A 7.C 10.B 13.A
2.A 5.B 8.C 11.C 14.C
3.C 6.B 9.B 12.B 15.A

Exercise 10
1.B 4.A 7.B 10.A 13.B
2.B 5.A 8.A 11.B 14.B
3.B 6.B 9.A 12.A 15.B

Mini-Test 1: Dialogs
1.D 7.C 13.A 19.B 25.C
2.A 8.D 14.D 20.D 26.A
3.A 9.B 15.A 21.C 27.D
4.C 10.D 16.C 22.B 28.B
5.A 11.C 17.C 23.C 29.D
6.B 12.B 18.A 24.A 30.D

PART B: ABOUT EXTENDED CONVERSATIONS

Exercise 11
Conversation 1 Conversation 2 Conversation 3
1.b 5.c 9.d
2.a 6.a 10.e
3.d 7.b 11.c
4.c 8.d 12.a
13.b
B A D

Exercise 12
1.B 5.C 9.A 13.C
2.C 6.A 10.C 14.A
3.A 7.B 11.C 15.C
4.A 8.C 12.B 16.B

Exercise 13.1
1.C 4.C 7.A 10.A 13.C 16.C
2.B 5.A 8.B 11.C 14.C 17.B
3.C 6.A 9.A 12.C 15.B

Exercise 13.2
1.B 4.C 7.B 10.C
2.C 5.B 8.B 11.B
3.A 6.A 9.C 12.B

Mini-Test 2: Extended Conversations

1.A 3.C 5.D 7.B
2.C 4.D 6.A 8.C
 Answer Key

PART C: MINI-TALKS

Exercise 14
Talk 1 Talk 2 Talk 3
1.b 6.d 9.d
2.c 7.c 10.b
3.a 8.b 11.e
4.d 12.a
5.e

Exercise 15
1.B 5.B 9.B 13.C 17.A
2.A 6.A 10.C 14.A 18.A
3.C 7.C 11.A 15.B 19.A
4.B 8.A 12.C 16.B 20.C

Exercise 16.1
Talk A Talk B Talk C
1.B 7.B 13.A
2.A 8.C 14.C
3.C 9.B 15.B
4.B 10.B 16.A
5.C 11.C 17.B
6.B 12.A 18.A
19.C
20.C
21.B

Exercise 16.2
1.B 6.A 10.B
2.C 7.C 11.C
3.B 8.A 12.C
4.A 9.C
5.B

Mini-Test 3: Mini-Talks
1.D 4.D 9.C
2.C 5.D 10.A
3.B 6.C 11.A
7.A 12.C
8.C

MINI-LESSONS FOR SECTION 1: IDIOMATIC EXPRESSIONS

Mini-Lesson 1.1
1. about to 8. all of a sudden 15. bring ...up 21. at the drop of a
2. As a matter of fact 9. bound to 16. brought about hat
3. bank on 10. brought up 17. by no means 22. Beats me
4. broke in on 11. by and large 18. break the ice 23. a breeze
5. better off 12. add up 19. brush up on 24. break up
6. As a rule 13. be my guest 20. bit off more than 25. at ease
7. broke down 14. by heart ...could chew
 Answer Key

Mini-Lesson 1.2
1. called off check... out 12. cared for 17. cut out for
2. calm down 7. checked...out from 13. cost an arm and a 18. catch on
3. came across 8. call it a day leg 19. come around to
4. count on 9. chip in 14. care for 20. calls on
5. come up with 10. cut off 15. Cheer up 21. clear up
6. checked into 11. clear up 16. caught up with

Mini-Lesson 1.3
1. figure out 6. few and far 10. a far cry from 15. eyes ...bigger than
2. drop off between 11. drop out of ...stomach
3. dreamed up 7. do ... over 12. died down 16. feel free
4. feel like 8. fed up with 13. drop in on 17. drop ... a line
5. fallen behind 9. fell through 14. day in and day out

Mini-Lesson 1.4
1. find out for the time being 11. get off the ground 16. gets in...blood
2. fill out 6. get rid of 12. get along with 17. get off
3. fill in 7. give away 13. fixed ...up 18. filled in for
4. gave ... the cold 8. a fish out of water 14. gotten in touch
shoulder 9. get a kick out of with
5. for good 10. got on 15. get under way

Mini-Lesson 1.5
1. grew up 7. Hold still 12. goes without 17. hard to come by
2. handed out 8. go easy on saying 18. hit the road
3. handed in 9. go... with 13. held up 19. have a word with
4. heard of 10. getting the hang 14. heard from 20. went overboard
5. hold on of 15. give... a hand with
6. go on with 11. gave...hand 16. hold on to

Mini-Lesson 1.6
1. keep an eye on 7. in the long run 14. leave... alone 21. learned the ropes
2. keeping up with 8. left out 15. looked... for 22. in favor of
3. lay off 9. in no time 16. looks after 23. know like the
4. looking forward to 10. kill ... time 17. in the dark back of...hand
5. jump to 11. let up 18. looking into 24. keep track of
conclusions 12. in the same boat 19. iron out 25. in store
6. keep an eye out for 13. keep on 20. in hot water

Mini-Lesson 1.7
1. looked over 9. on the tip of … 17. look out for 25. mean to
2. on second thought tongue 18. on needles and 26. an old hand at
3. make...up 10. out of the question pins 27. mixed up
4. out of order 11. out of 19. look...up 28. on...own
5. looks up to 12. music to ... ears 20. make way for 29. Not at all
6. on hand 13. on end 21. next to nothing 30. over...head
7. make sense of 14. odds and ends 22. on the whole
8. make a point of 15. on the go 23. No harm done
over and over 16. make up...mind 24. out of...mind
 Answer Key

Mini-Lesson 1.8
1. put up with 6. picked...up 12. picked up 17. pat. ..on the back
2. picked up the tab 7. put. ..on put. ..away 18. passed...with
for 8. put together 13. put off flying colors
3. point out 9. a pretty penny 14. picked out 19. put. .. aside
4. play it by ear 10. push.. .luck 15. pass ...up 20. pulling.. .leg
5. part with 11. pick up 16. Pay attention

Mini-Lesson 1.9
1. saw … off 8. ring a bell with 14. run for office 21. short for
2. see to 9. spell. .. out for 15. sleep on 22. snowed under
3. ran out of 10. run of the mill 16. showed... around 23. running a
4. right away 11. singing another 17. Save... breath temperature
5. shut down tune 18. rule ... out 24. see eye to eye
6. sign up for 12. rough it 19. ran into with...on
7. So far so good 13. show up 20. slowly but surely

Mini-Lesson 1.10
1. stamp out 7. stand for 13. Take it easy 18. a stone's throw
2. stay up 8. stuck with 14. stand for from
3. stay out 9. takes a lot of nerve 15. straighten up 19. took a lot out of
4. take after 10. Stick with stop by 20. stack up against
5. taking apart 11. spick and span 16. take advantage of
6. take a break 12. stood out 17. stock up on

Mini-Lesson 1.11
1. try on 6. took part in 11. tried out 16. took a short cut
2. talked .. .into 7. taking off 12. talked ...out of 17. try out for
3. tore up 8. tear... away from 13. talk... over take the plunge
4. tell ... apart 9. throw the book at 14. throw away 18. take ... time out
5. take up 10. Take off 15. think...over from

Mini-Lesson 1.12
1. turns into 7. warm up 12. work out 18. warm up
2. Turn off 8. turned out 13. watch out for 19. turned out
3. turn down 9. turn in 14. Turn around 20. under the weather
4. turn up 10. what the doctor 15. worked...out 21. walking on air
5. turn on ordered 16. wait on
6. worn out 11. without a hitch 17. turned ...down
 Answer Key

SECTION 2: GUIDE TO STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION

SAMPLE STRUCTURE AND WRITTEN EXPRESSION TEST

Structure
1.C 4.D 7.D 10.C 13.D
2.A 5.B 8.A 11.A 14.C
3.C 6.B 9.C 12.B 15.C
Written Expression
16.B 21.C 26.A 31.D 36.B
17.A 22.B 27.D 32.A 37.C
18.C 23.C 28.C 33.A 38.C
19.B 24.D 29.D 34.C 39.A
20.C 25.C 30.A 35.B 40.B

Explanation of Written Expression Items

16. The plural verb are indicates that a plural subject, thousands, must be used
17. The preposition in should replace the preposition since. (The preposition since is used only in sentences in which
the verb is in the present perfect tense, not the simple past tense.)
18. The noun variety should be used in place of the adjective various.
19. The word alike is only used in the pattern A and B are alike. The correct pattern in this sentence is A, like B, ....
20. The subject of the sentence is use; it is an unnecessary repetition of the subject.
21. A plural pronoun (their) should be used to agree with the plural noun cowboys.
22. The relative pronoun who can only refer to a person, not to a thing. The relative pronoun that or which should be
used instead.
23. An adverb (potentially) not an adjective (potential) is needed.
24. The subject of the clause (one species) is singular, so the singular verb is must be used.
25. Almost is the wrong word choice. The best word choice is most (or almost all).
26. Despite is used only before noun phrases. An adverb-clause marker (although) must be used with a clause.
27. A noun (injury), not a verb (injure), is required.
28. The preposition must precede the relative pronoun: in which.
29. After the verb permit, an infinitive (to exist) is used.
30. The correct pattern is between A and B.
31. In order to be parallel with the other words in the series (logic and probability), the name of the field
(engineering) must be used.
32. The verb in this sentence should be passive; therefore, the past participle known (not the -ing form knowing)
must be used.
33. Before a word beginning with a vowel sound (honor), the article an must be used.
34. The superlative form of a one-syllable adjective (old) is formed with the suffix -est: oldest.
35. The noun belief should be used in place of the verb believe.
36. The plural pronoun those should be used to refer to the plural noun phrase public buildings.
37. The correct pattern is neither... nor.
38. A past participle (held) is needed in place of the -ing form.
39. The correct pattern is so + adjective + that clause (too is used in the pattern too + adjective + infinitive).
40. A plural noun (teeth) is required.
 Answer Key

PART A: ABOUT STRUCTURE

Note: Items marked with an asterisk (*) do not focus on the structures that are presented in that lesson.

Exercise 17
1.B 6.A 11.A 16.D 21.A
2.D 7.D 12.B 17.B 22.D
3.A 8.C 13.A 18.D 23.C
4.B 9.A* 14.D* 19.C 24.C
5.A 10.B 15.A 20.C 25.D

Exercise 18
1.D 5.A 9.A 13.C
2.C* 6.B 10.C 14.C
3.B 7.C 11.B 15.D
4.A 8.A* 12.D 16.A

Exercise 19
1.A 4.D 7.B* 10.C
2.B 5.A 8.D* 11.B
3.B 6.C 9.D 12.A

Exercise 20
1.B 4.A* 7.C 10.D
2.C 5.B 8.C 11.B
3.A 6.D 9.A 12.D*

Exercise 21
1.C 5.B 9.D 13.D 17.B
2.B 6.C* 10.A 14.D 18.C
3.D 7.C 11.C 15.C*
4.D 8.C 12.B* 16.A

Exercise 22
1.D 4.D 7.A 10.C
2.B 5.B* 8.A 11.D
3.A 6.C 9.D 12.B*

Exercise 23
1.C 4.B 7.D 10.A
2.B* 5.A 8.B 11.D*
3.A 6.A 9.C* 12.D

Mini-Test 4: Structure
1.D 4.A 7.C 10.A 13.C
2.C 5.B 8.D 11.A 14.C
3.D 6.D 9.B 12.D 15.A

Exercise 24
1.A 5.B 9.C 13.B 17.D
2.B 6.D 10.B 14.A 18.C
3.A 7.A 11.A 15.D 19.C
4.C 8.B 12.D 16.B 20.C
 Answer Key

Exercise 25
1.B 4.A 7.B 10.C
2.D 5.C 8.B 11.A
3.C 6.A 9.C* 12.D

Exercise 26
1.D 4.C 7.D 10.B 13.A*
2.C 5.A 8.A 11.C 14.B
3.B* 6.B 9.B 12.C 15.A

Exercise 27
1.C 4.A 7.C 10.C 13.C
2.C 5.B 8.D 11.A 14.B
3.A 6.A 9.C 12.C* 15.D

Exercise 28
1.A 4.D 7.A 10.C
2.D 5.C 8.B 11.B
3.B 6.C 9.A 12.D

Exercise 29
1.A 4.A 7.C 10.B
2.B 5.B 8.D 11.D
3.B 6.C 9.C 12.A

Exercise 30
1.B 4.C* 7.A 10.C
2.D 5.A 8.A 11.B
3.B 6.C 9.D* 12.C

Exercise 31
1.D 4.A 7.B 10.D 13.A
2.A 5.A 8.C 11.A 14.B
3.B 6.C 9.D 12.B

Mini-Test 5: Structure
1.C 4.D 7.C 10.A 13.A
2.A 5.C 8.B 11.A 14.A
3.D 6.B 9.C 12.B 15.C
 Answer Key

PART B: WRITTEN EXPRESSION

Note: Items marked with an asterisk (*) do not focus on the structures that are presented in that lesson.

Exercise 32.1
1. difference different differently
2. invent invention inventively
3. competition (or competitive competitively
competitiveness)
4. fertility (or fertilization, fertile
fertilizer)
5. deepen depth deep
6. decide decisive decisively
7. beauty (or beautification) beautiful beautifully

8. prohibition prohibitive prohibitively

9. origin ( or originality) original originally
10. emphasize emphasis emphatically
11. inconvenience inconvenience inconveniently
12. glorify (or glory) glorious gloriously
13. mystery (or mystification) mysterious mysteriously
14. equalize (or equal) equality equal
15. generalize generality (or generally
generalization)
16. simplify simplicity (or simple
simplification)
17. familiarize familiarity (or familiarly
familiarization)
18. purify purity purely
19. freedom free freely
20. restriction restrictive restrictively

Exercise 32.2
1. musician musical
2. surgery surgical
3. poetry Poet
4. electricity electric
5. administrator administrative
6. finance financier
7. photography photographic
8. theoretician (or theorist) theoretical
9. athletics athlete
10. editor editorial
11. philosophy philosophical
12. crime criminal
13. politics politian
14. law legal
15. humorist humorous

Exercise 32.3
1. greatly 6. simultaneously 11. close 16. profound
2. annually 7. generally 12. easy 17. commercially
3. Regular 8. painstakingly 13. incredible 18. persuasively
4. simple 9. permanently 14. automatically 19. masterful deeply
5. beautiful 10. widely 15. formal 20. distinct
 Answer Key

Exercise 32.4
1. fictional (N/Adj) 15. choices (V/N)
2. industry (N/Adj) approved (V/N)
products (V/N) 16. scholarly (PN/Adj)
3. fragrant (N/Adj) immigration (PN/N)
4. mathematical (N/Adj) 17. food (V/N)
equal (Adj/N) rainy (N or V/Adj)
5. evidence (N/Adj) 18. symbolize (V/N)
illegal (Adj/Adv) occupation (N/Adj)
6. severity (Adv/N) 19. relieve (V/N)
7. development (G/N) 20. respire (V/N)
8. transport (N/V) chemical (N/Adj)
9. differ (V/Adj) 21. member (PN/N)
originate (V/N) interpreter (V/PN)
10. magician (N/PN) 22. strength (Adj/N)
11. depth (Adj/N) directly (Adj/Adv)
12. distinction (N/Adv) 23. tropical (N/Adj)
13. collection (N/G) ability (Adj/N)
14. present (Adj/N) 24. lose (N/V)
open (Adj/Adv) rapidly (N/Adv)
25. ripen (Adj/V)

Exercise 32.5
1.B intellectual 6.A outer 11.B measurement
2.A destructive 7.D weight 12.C literature
3.C importance 8.D* purposes 13.D* exposed to
4.C analyzes 9.D ranching 14.B reaction
5.A dances 10.B well 15.C sharpness
16.C life 21.D* and
17.D health 22.D luck
18.D neighborhoods 23.A absence
19.D successful 24.C politicians
20.C collection 25. D harden

Exercise 33.1
1. made 3. made 5. did 7. made 9. do
2. done 4. do 6. make 8. make 10. make

Exercise 33.2
1. alike 3. Like 5. like 7. as 9. as
2. like 4. as 6. like 8. like 10. alike

Exercise 33.3
1. so 3. So 5. too 7. such a 9. too
2. too 4. such a 6. as 8. so 10. such

Exercise 33.4
1. another 3. other 5. another 7. other 9. another
2. other 4. another 6. other 8. another 10. other

Exercise 33.5
1. Although 4. Because of 7. Although 10. Although
2. Because 5. When 8. because 11. during
3. In spite of 6. Despite 9. because of 12. because
 Answer Key

Exercise 33.6
1. Many 5. number … amount 9. Many
2. little 6. little 10. little
3. much 7. amounts
4. few 8. many

Exercise 33.7
1. age 5. before 9. tell 13. percent 17. Almost
2. twice 6. earliest 10. near 14. old 18. tell
3. afterwards 7. round 11. doubled 15. after 19. nearly
4. Most 8. somewhat 12. live 16. No 20. ever

Exercise 33.8
1.C no longer 5.C little 9.C doing 13.C* is
2.C as much 6.B never 10.D like 14.A earliest
3.D nearly 7.B many 11.D other 15.A during
4.C old (or of age) 8.D* symbol 12.A number 16.C a live

Exercise 34.1
1. is 4. was 7. are 10. are 13. are
2. was 5. moves 8. was 11. is 14. was
3. are 6. are 9. makes 12. varies 15. goes

Exercise 34.2
1. X shipped 6.X does 11.X contain
2.X was built 7.X are played 12.X ran
3.C 8.X was 13.X were chosen
4.X worn 9.X came 14.X have used
5.X has been growing 10.C 15.X were produced
(or has grown)

Exercise 34.3
1.A study 6.D spun 11.B described
2.D lived 7.D eat 12.A shaken
3.D do 8.C is suited 13.D built
4.B requires 9.A took 14.A* emphasis
5.C have 10.D was 15.B dipped

Exercise 35.1
1.X grinding 5.X stories 9.X heat
2.X industrial 6.C 10.X a critic
3.C 7.C 11.X is inexpensive
4.X warm 8.X religion 12.X control floods

Exercise 35.2
1.B adjust 6.C more specialized 11.C mineral
2.D and on mountain 7.D economic 12.D* have
3.D* other 8.B package 13.C economics
4.A historical 9.C loyal 14.A* front teeth
5.A designer 10.D a game 15.C hearing
 Answer Key

Exercise 36.1
1.X its 6.X their 11.X their
2.X them 7.X it 12.X its
3.X it 8.X who 13.X which
4.C 9.C 14.X their
5.X that (or which) 10.X those 15.X that

Exercise 36.2
1.X her 5.X our 9.X its
2.X them 6.X themselves 10.X themselves
3.C 7.X they
4.X that (or which) 8.X whose

Exercise 36.3
1.X it 4.X he 7.X them 10.C
2.X which 5.C 8.C 11.X which
3.X that 6.X they 9.X she 12.X it

Exercise 36.4
1.C are 6.D themselves 11.A who
2.D their 7.A resemble 12.D itself
3.B them 8.D those 13.A this
4.B uses 9.D their 14.C themselves
5. A* unusual 10.B its 15.A* illustrated

Exercise 37
1.D mammals 8.C thousands 15.A pioneer
2.C human 9.C sixty-mile 16.C* be made
3.B automobile 10.C men 17.B* most
4.A year 11.D editorial 18.D women
5.B sources 12.C appliances 19.B trillion
6.B percent 13.D feet 20.D sunlight
7.A All colleges 14.C* grown

Mini-Test 6: Written Expression

1.C 6.C 11.A 16.C 21.D
2.A 7.C 12.C 17.D 22.B
3.C 8.A 13.D 18.C 23.C
4.D 9.D 14.B 19.C 24.D
5.C 10.C 15.A 20.B 25.A

Explanation

1. The adjective different is required.

2. Before a clause, an adverb-clause marker such as although is required.
3. For parallelism, the noun color must be used.
4. The noun beliefs must be used in place of the verb believes.
5. The past participle played must be used after has (or have) to form the present perfect tense.
6. The plural form designers is required.
7. The verb made (meaning "to manufacture") is needed.
8. The word like is required in this pattern.
9. The correct pronoun is them. (The animals can't carry themselves!)
10. For parallelism, the adjective safe is needed.
11. The adjective pure is required.
12. The word amounts is used to refer to uncountable nouns like food.
 Answer Key

13. Only the second noun of a compound noun is pluralized: railroad workers.
14. Such a is used with an adjective + noun + that clause.
15. The adjective light is required.
16. The pronoun she is an unnecessary repetition of the subject.
17. To be parallel with the two other adjectives (biological and psychological), the adjective medical must be
used.
18. A passive verb phrase is needed: were given.
19. The object form of the pronoun them must be used.
20. For parallelism, a noun phrase is needed: composer of
21. The adjective spicy must be used.
22. The plural pronoun themselves must be used to agree with its referent.
23. A singular verb (is) is required to agree with the subject knowledge.
24. Furniture is an uncountable noun and cannot be pluralized.
25. Soonest is the wrong word choice; the correct word is earliest.

Exercise 38.1
1. to control 6. to catch 11. to snap
2. to move 7. bend 12. to rupture
3. producing 8. bringing 13. to describe
4. to have 9. to communicate 14. to be awarded
5. to grow 10. miss 15. achieving

Exercise 38.2
1. known 4. twisting 7. named 10. regarded
2. written 5. working 8. appearing 11. cracked
3. astonishing 6. filled 9. deposited 12. stimulating

Exercise 38.3
1.C packaging 6.D to catch 11.D* 40 miles
2.C to cut 7.B obtained 12.A crushed
3. B classifying 8.A Bathing 13.C for playing
4.A mixed 9.D sparkle 14.D smoking
5.D* or 10.B painting 15.C leading

Exercise 39.1
1. For against within of 9. In for from to
2. in on of 10. In at to on
3. of to since into 11. In on of of at
4. At of of along between 12. to of by in of in
5. of in of on in 13. In of by of in through
6. at on to on 14. on of to on
7. of in by with on 15. in for of in since
8. off of for of

Exercise 39.2
1.X According polls to 11.X related the to
2.X thanks improved to 12.X expert the on
3.C 13.C
4.X of 14.X by
5.X on 15.X by
6.X regardless the of 16.X away the from
7.C 17.X of
8.X of 18.X side the of
9.X attached bones to 19.X familiar people to
10.X to 20.C
 Answer Key

Exercise 39.3
1.A which 6.A from 11.A For
2.B deals with 7.A in 12.A thousands of eggs
3.A Many 8.C belongs to one 13.A Nowadays
4.C on its 9.D native to 14.D* to reach
5.D* life 10.B in 15.A Since

Exercise 40.1
1. one the water fresh
2. The mineral the most fertilizers
3. The a electrical
4. Humor American the earliest the present
5. The ozone an most the Sun’s
6. the early a Cherokee the a North
7. The Goddard New the the United the seventeenth
8. Popcorn the corn
9. the most research a well-written
10. the American the the twentieth the
11. The nineteenth refracting his
12. The Hawaiian the most the world

Exercise 40.2
1.A Most 8.D their customers 15.D* and
2.C their 9.B is an imaginary 16.B an accurate
3.D attention 10.B the most common 17.B history
4.A an underwater 11.C her career 18.A At the beginning
5.D the young 12.A the first 19.B* opened
6.A the only 13.C a heated 20.D a height
7.A a third 14.A the highest

Exercise 41
1.X the easiest 7.C 13.X best-known
2.X stronger and larger 8.X most destructive 14.X finest
3.C 9.X least 15.C
4.X lower 10.X worse 16.X larger
5.C 11.C 17.C
6.X heavier 12.X more bitter (or bitterer) 18.X less dense

Exercise 42.1
1. X chief source 6.C 11.X any other
2.X brightly colored 7.X miles longer 12.X almost entirely
3.C 8.X natural habitats 13.C
4.X long before 9.X they are 14.X formal training
5.X at which 10.X dense enough 15.X children’s books
 Answer Key

Exercise 42.2
1.C major barrier 11.A the sky is
2.D large enough 12.B highly original
3.D greatly reduced 13.B only one
4.C in which 14.D feet long
5.D it is 15.C is surrounded
6.B it possible 16.B workers’ satisfaction
7.C each second 17.D trading center
8.B* little resemblance 18.C about how
9.A slow-moving 19.D* loneliness
10.A such as 20.C light is

Exercise 43
1.X either 6.X and 11.C
2.C 7.X both 12.X not only
3.X but also 8.C 13.X frogs
4.X nor 9.X but 14.X neither
5.X or 10.X and 15.C

Mini-test 7: Written Expression

1.C 6.D 11.B 16.A 21.B
2.A 7.C 12.B 17.A 22.B
3.A 8.B 13.C 18.C 23.A
4.D 9.C 14.B 19.D 24.C
5.B 10.A 15.B 20.C 25.B

Explanation

1. The wrong preposition is used; the phrase should correctly read at one time.
2. When a noun phrase includes an ordinal number (third), a definite article (the third) must be used.
(However, an indefinite article is used in a fraction to mean one: a third of the Earth's surface, for
example.)
3. The correct pattern is neither... nor.
4. After a preposition, a gerund form (photographing) is needed.
5. An infinitive (to transport) is needed.
6. The correct superlative form is highest.
7. In a wh- clause that is not a direct question, the correct word order is subject-verb: They are.
8. The conjunction but is used before the word rather to show contrast.
9. The preposition in is used before months such as September.
10. The correct form of the infinitive is to walk.
11. The preposition of is used in the phrase instead of a.
12. The article an must be used before words that begin with a vowel sound such as enormous.
13. The correct word order is almost all.
14. The past participle written is required.
15. The verb result is used with the preposition in. (The noun result is followed by the preposition of)
16. A comparative form (much rarer) must be used.
17. An indefinite article is needed before the noun: a picture.
18. The preposition for is used after the adjective suitable.
19. The correct word order is human psychology.
20. A full infinitive (to teach) is required in place of the simple form.
21. Enough must follow adjectives: safe enough.
22. After the verb allow, the infinitive to approach is needed.
23. The definite article is used before most when it is part of a superlative adjective phrase: The most.
24. The correct pattern is whether... or.
25. An indefinite article is required: a banana.
 Answer Key

MINI-LESSONS FOR SECTION 2: PREPOSITION USE

Mini-Lesson 2.1
1. to 6. with 12. to (or for) 17. to
2. in (or with) 7. of 13. of 18. on
3. on 8. from 14. of 19. for
4. to 9. for 15. for 20. to
5. of 10. to11. of 16. with

Mini-Lesson 2.2
1. to 6. to 11. to 16. for
2. to 7. at (or by) 12. of 17. to
3. of 8. of 13. to
4. for 9. to 14. with
5. for 10. for 15. to

Mini-Lesson 2.3
1. in of in of 6. to 11. of 16. to
2. of for 7. of 12. to 17. for
3. in of 8. for 13. to 18. of
4. on 9. in 14. of 19. on
5. with 10. of 15. on of 20. of

Mini-Lesson 2.4
1. to 7. on 13. with 19. in
2. with 8. in 14. on 20. for
3. with 9. with 15. to 21. in
4. on 10. on 16. on 22. to
5. on 11. in 17. to
6. of 12. with 18. for

Mini-Lesson 2.5
1. of 4. to 7. On of of 10. of
2. In of 5. to 8. of 11. by of
3. with 6. in of 9. to 12. to

Mini-Lesson 2.6
1. in 5. in at in 9. on 13. in on
2. in 6. on in 10. in on on 14. in
3. in in 7. in 11. in in
4. in at 8. in 12. at on

Mini-Lesson 2.7
1. on in 6. on 11. in in 16. in
2. at 7. at in 12. at 17. at
3. at in 8. On 13. in in 18. in
4. in 9. in 14. in 19.on
5. at 10. in 15. In 20. In on in

Mini-Lesson 2.8
1. with 4. by 7. by 10. on
2. by 5. without 8. by
3. for 6. by 9. with
 Answer Key

SECTION 3: READING COMPREHENSION

SAMPLE READING COMPREHENSION TEST

1.B 11.C 21.D 31.D 41.C

2.B 12.D 22.C 32.A 42.B
3.D 13.D 23.A 33.B 43.A
4.A 14.A 24.A 34.A 44.B
5.C 15.A 25.C 35.C 45.D
6.D 16.D 26.B 36.B 46.C
7.B 17.D 27.A 37.D 47.C
8.C 18.B 28.D 38.A 48.A
9.A 19.A 29.C 39.B 49.D
10.A 20.B 30.D 40.B 50.C

Explanation

1. The passage discusses the plentiful supply of wood in the colonies and the advantages and disadvantages
this involved.
2. Strikingly means "dramatically."
3. Lines 5-6 state, "The first colonists did not, as many people imagine, find an entire continent covered by a
climax forest."
4. Abounded means "present in large numbers."
5. Lines 10-11 state that "by the end of the colonial age, the price of wood had risen slightly in eastern cities."
6. Lines 15-16 indicate that, in the colonies, "buildings were made of wood to a degree unknown in Britain."
Therefore, many British houses must have been made of materials other than wood.
7. According to lines 17-18, wood was the source of industrial compounds, and charcoal is given as an
example. Charcoal, according to line 19, is a component of gunpowder.
8. In the context of the passage, the word conferred means "provided." (However, in other contexts, conferred
may mean "consulted.")
9. The phrase follow suit means "do the same."
10. Lines 31--33 state that "the former colonies lagged behind Britain...because their supply of wood led them
to cling to charcoal iron."
11. In the context of the passage, cling to means "continue to use."
12. The author begins to discuss the disadvantages brought on by an abundance of wood in the colonies in lines
21-22.
13. The passage deals with the entire Peale family; (A) and (C) are too narrow, and (B) is too general.
14. The passage indicates that the portrait was "so realistic" that Washington mistook the painted figures for
real ones.
15. The word settings is closest in meaning to "environments."
16. The author defines the term mastodon in line 15 as "a huge, extinct elephant." The other terms are
undefined.
17. There is no information about when the museum was founded. All of the other questions are answered in
the second paragraph: Charles Willson Peale found and prepared the animal exhibits; the museum was
located in Philadelphia; its most popular exhibit, a mastodon's skeleton, was found on a farm in New York.
18. In the context of the passage, the word unearthed means "dug up," "removed from the ground."
19. As used in this context, rage means the "current style or fashion."
20. Charles Willson Peale painted over a dozen portraits of Washington (line 4); Rembrandt Peale also painted
at least one (lines 24-25).
21. Sarah Miriam Peale is the daughter of Charles Willson Peale's brother James Peale (line 28); Titian and
Raphaelle are identified as Charles's sons in line 5, Rubens in line 25.
22. The author praises the art and work of Charles Willson Peale and other members of the family; that,
together with the absence of any critical comments, makes admiring the best choice.
23. The main theme of this passage is the idea of transforming Mars; choice (A) best summarizes this idea.
24. The word stark means "harsh," "severe."