NS RW4 Ak

1
NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key
UNIT 1 4. Other people

probably assume that Daniel’s
relationship to
numbers is strange.
5. Other people might
expect Daniel to be able
VOCABULARY to follow a schedule.
2, page 5
1. estimate 7. predictable COMPREHENSION, page
14
2. compensate 8. interaction 1. According to
Gladwell, achievement is talent
3. retain 9. sum plus preparation.
Preparation seems to play a
4. anxious 10. savant bigger role.
5. flexible 11. benefit 2. The Beatles were
different from most other
6. disabled 12. image bands because they
worked harder and had
more preparation.
3. Daniel Levitin
says about success that 10,000
MAIN IDEAS hours of practice is
required to achieve the level
of mastery associated
with being a world-class
2, page 9 expert in anything.
1. b 4. c 4. Levitin believes
success takes so long to
2. c 5. b achieve because it
seems it takes the brain this
3. a 6. b long to assimilate
all that it needs to know to
achieve true mastery.
DETAILS, page 10
MATH
1. ability READING SKILL
2. ability
3. disability 2, pages 15-16
4. disability 1. “I memorised pi to
22,514 decimal places, and
I am technically
disabled. I just wanted to show
LANGUAGE people that
disability needn’t get in the way.”
1. ability 2. “There’s too much
mental stimulus. I have to
2. ability look at every shape
and texture. Every price,
3. ability and every arrangement
of fruit and vegetables.
So instead of
thinking,’What cheese do I want
MEMORY this week?’, I’m just
really uncomfortable.”
1. ability 3. “We shared so much
- our love of key dates
2. ability from history, for
instance. And our love of books.
As a child, I
regularly took over a room in the
SOCIAL INTERACTION house and started my
own lending library. I
1. disability would separate out
fiction and non-fiction, and
2. disability then alphabetise them
all. I even introduced a
3. disability ticketing system. I
love books so much. I’ve read
more books than
anyone else I know. So I was
NEED FOR ORDER delighted when Kim
wanted to meet in a library.”
1. disability “He is such a lovely
man,” “Kim says, ‘You don’t
2. disability have to be
handicapped to be different -
everybody’s
different’. And he’s right.”
4. “When I looked at
the numbers I ‘saw’
MAKE INFERENCES, page 11 images. It felt like
a place I could go where I
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: really belonged.”
1. Others didn’t think that Daniel was a normal
person. They viewed him as some sort of oddity.
2. Others think that only people who are
handicapped or have disabilities are different.
3. Other people probably think that numbers
cannot be your friends since they are not alive.
Copyright © 2015 Pearson Education, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission granted to
reproduce for classroom use.
2
STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 16 5. Social

interaction is difficult for many people
R1: 1 (paragraph 4), 7 (paragraphs 7-8), 2 with ASD.
(paragraph 1) 6. Scans of the
brains of autistic savants
Both: 5 (R1, paragraph 4; R2, paragraph 4) suggest the
right hemisphere might compensate
R2: 3 (paragraph 3), 4 (paragraph 9), 6 for damage to
the left.
(paragraphs 5 & 13) 7. Autistic
savants can usually retain large
amounts of
information without a problem.
8. Daniel Tamett
memorized pi to 22,514
REVIEW, page 17 decimal places
to show people that, although he
1. interaction 7. benefit technically has
a disability, it doesn’t stop him
2. assimilate 8. emerging from being
successful.
3. savant 9. anxious
4. transform 10. compensate
5. predictable 11. disabled GRAMMAR
6. expertise Bonus Word: persistence
1, page 21
1. likelihood
1, page 18 2. speculation
NOUN VERB ADJECTIVE ADVERB 3. necessity
prediction predict predictable predictably
estimate estimate estimated X
sum sum X X
2, page 23
anxiety X anxious 1. b 5. d
9. e
savant X X X 2. e 6. b
10. a
flexibility flex flexible flexibly 3. a 7. c
interaction interact interactive interactively 4. c 8. d
transformation transform transformable X
transformative
transformed 3, page 24
retainment retain retainable X 1.
benefit benefit beneficial X 1. has got to
5. should
disability disable disabled X 2. must not
6. is able to
1. expertise X expert expertly
2. expert
3. must
7. ought to
assimilation assimilate assimilated X 4. might
8. should not
emergence emerge emerging X
persistence persist persistent persistently 2.
compensation compensate X 1. ought to
2. have to
3. can’t
4. must
2, pages 18-19
1. transformative 6. anxiety
2. flexibility 7. estimate WRITE
3. predictable 8. compensation /
4. persist interaction 1, page 27
5. expertise 9. emerge 1. Autistic
savants
2. Autistic
savants have specific abilities or skills
and they have
certain limitations in other areas
CREATE, pages 19-20 of life.
Suggested answers: 3. All sentences
relate to the ideas in the topic
1. Because I know Daniel Tammet well, how he sentence.
will react in certain situations is very predictable.
2. Many people who suffer from ASD are not 2, pages 28-29
flexible. 1. b
3. According to Gladwell it requires at least 2. a
10,000 hours to transform talent into expertise. 3. c
4. A lack of structure can make Daniel Tamett
anxious.
3
3, pages 29-30 4. defeated 10.

hopelessness
Suggested answers. Answers will vary: 5. yearned for 11.
dilapidated
1. Mozart was considered a genius because of 6. tormented
his many musical talents and abilities.
2. Scientists are interested in the roles that
nature and nurture each play in development. PREVIEW, page 38
3. Malcolm Gladwell has written another non- 1. He is in New York.
fiction bestseller, Outliers. 2. Suggested answer:
Even though he was the
teacher, his students
taught him a lot about the
world—and himself.
REVISE 3. Suggested answer:
He had a successful
teaching career.
1, page 31
1. F 5. F
2. F 6. F MAIN IDEAS
3. F 7. F
4. C 8. C 2, page 41
1970: Frank McCourt
begins teaching at Seward
2, page 31 Park High School.
Suggested answers. Answers will vary: 1981: Frank McCourt’s
mother dies.
1. Autistic savants have many extraordinary 1994: Frank McCourt
begins to write his book.
skills and abilities. 1996: Angela’s Ashes
hits the bookstores.
2. Gladwell has written an interesting book, 1997: Angela’s Ashes
receives the Pulitzer
which emphasizes the importance of hard work Prize.
in achieving success.
3. Before Daniel received his counting book
when he was 4 years old, he had shown no DETAILS, page 42
interest in mathematics. Answers will vary.
Suggested answers:
5. Because Dr. Levitin says that at least 10,000 Event: Frank
The McCourt’s wanted
hours of practice are needed to achieve McCourt’s family
a better life, so they
success, many people never reach success. returned to Ireland.
returned to Ireland.
6. The book that Kim Peek was reading the day
Their life was still very
before he met Daniel Tammet at the Library in
hard. Three children
Salt Lake City was about autistic savants
died. The family
throughout history.
remained very poor
7. Many competitors prepare by practicing as
and very hungry.
much as ten hours a day before the math 1949 Event: Frank
Frank McCourt was 19
competition. McCourt returned to
years old. He wanted
the United States.
to start a new life.
1970 Event: Frank
He began teaching
UNIT 2 McCourt began
and using his past to
teaching at Seward
connect with his
Park High School.
students. His students
VOCABULARY
loved his stories, and
as he told his stories

2, page 37
he realized how his
1. His parents had no money. His father
past affected him.
abandoned the family. There was not enough 1981 Event: Frank
After his mother died,
food. They had a small, old house. McCourt’s mother
he realized he had no
2. He enjoyed reading. dies.
excuses not to write
3. He was ashamed of his past.
his memoirs. While his
mother was alive,

3, page 37
McCourt chose not to
1. misery 7. sordid
write about his
2. meager 8. poverty
childhood out of
3. shame 9. abandonment
respect for his mother.
4
1994 Event: Frank He struggled to write MARLA RUNYAN (R2)

McCourt began to his memoirs. It was 1. blindness, doing
schoolwork
write his book. very difficult at first. He 2. mother
had to dig deep into 3. self-reliance,
pride, feeling accountable for
his past. her success, not
asking for special treatment
1996 Event: Angela’s Frank McCourt finally 4. teaching, public
speaking, coaching, writing,
Ashes hit the finished his memoirs becoming an athlete
bookstores. and named it Angela’s
Ashes. Within weeks,
it became a bestseller. REVIEW, page 50
1997 Event: Angela’s Because the book was Suggested answers:
Ashes received the so good, it won a FACING AN DEALING
OVERCOMING
Pulitzer Prize. major award, the OBSTACLE WITH AN
AN
Pulitzer Prize. Frank
OBSTACLE OBSTACLE
McCourt became confused
expectations defeated
famous. darkest
inquisitiveness exalted
defeated
laborious free
disability self-
reliance paradise
MAKE INFERENCES, pages 43-44 give up
struggle pride
1. confront him with criticism hopelessness yearning
for
2. make a connection misery
accountable
3. produced a large amount [of pages] without mortified
much thought suffer
4. turned pages, but only looked at them briefly
and not carefully
5. went crazy EXPAND, pages 50-51
6. obtaining the reward 1. synonym / c
6. synonym / c
7. became aware of slowly 2. antonym / a
7. antonym / b
8. work hard and not take the easy way 3. antonym / b
8. antonym / a
9. don’t copy other people’s ideas 4. antonym / b
9. synonym / c
10. equal 5. synonym / a
COMPREHENSION, page 47 GRAMMAR

Cross out:
1. c 4. a 1, page 52
2. b 5. c 1. teaching
3. c 2. writing about his
childhood
3. reading
4. the base form of
the verb + ing
READING SKILL 5. to give up
6. New York
University, to enroll
2, pages 48-19 7. to write
1. indistinct shapes 5. mercy 8. to inspire
2. given 6. extremely difficult 9. to + the base form
of the verb
3. complete 7. someone else’s fault
4. felt free 2, page 53
a. Doing, 1
f. to be defined, 4a
b. to run 6
g. to write, 5
STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 49 c. not going, 2
h. Recounting, 1
FRANK MCCOURT (R1) d. to compete, 5
i. writing,3
1. poverty, abandonment, having to move from e. to describe, 4c
j. to write, 4b
country to country, lack of education, shame
2. mother, students
3. humor, reading, writing
4. writing, teaching
5
3, page 54 REVISE
Suggested answers:
1. After his mother died, McCourt felt free to 1, page 58
write his memoirs. 1. c
2. Marla needs to train many months for a 2. c
marathon. 3. b
3. McCourt persuades New York University to 4. b
allow him to go there.
4. Marla enjoys inspiring others. 2, pages 58-59
5. McCourt worried about telling his students 1. Cross out: Her
mother could her and speak.
that he hadn’t gone to high school. Explanation: The
sentence forces on her
6. The boy’s mother decided to let him mother’s abilities,
not Helen’s frustrations.
skateboard. 2. Cross out: In
addition, Marla has become a
7. McCourt urged his students to write. bestselling author.
8. It is hard for Marla to see the words on a Explanation: This
sentence does not focus on
computer screen. how sports liberated
them.
9. McCourt recalled living in Limerick. 3. Cross out:
Furthermore, he lives in England.
10. Marla was able to graduate from the Explanation: The
sentence focuses on where
University of San Diego with a Master’s degree. Steven Hawking lives,
not on overcoming
obstacles.
WRITE
UNIT 3
1, pages 56-57
Suggested answers
1. Overcoming obstacles is the topic. It is in the VOCABULARY
first and third sentences.
2. The world is full of people who have 2, page 65
overcome obstacles and benefited from 1. risk factor 7.
consensus
overcoming them. 2. impact 8.
advocate
3. Underline: For example, Greg Barton, the 3. potential 9.
interpreting
1984, 1988, and 1992 U.S. Olympic medalist in 4. environment 10.
reliable
kayaking, was born with a serious disability. He 5. interaction 11.
linked
had club feet, his toes pointed inward, and as a 6. aspects 12.
revolutionized
result, he could not walk easily. Even after a
series of operations, he still had limited mobility.
Even so, Greg was never defeated. First, he MAIN IDEAS
taught himself to walk, and even to run. Then,
he competed on his high school running team. 2, page 70
He knew, though, he would never become an Answers will vary.
Suggested answers:
Olympic runner, so he looked for other sports POSITIVE
NEGATIVE
that he could play. Happily, he discovered I. Can revolutionize
I. Emotional and
kayaking, a perfect sport for him because it Medicine
Physical Impact
required minimal leg and foot muscles. Using his a. can prevent
a. Positive result
upper body strength, he was able to master the diseases rather than
can be shattering for
sport. Finally, after many years of training and just treat them
patient and family.
perseverance, Greg made the 1984 Olympic b. quality of
life is b. Positive result
team. better
can lead to risky,
These sentences tell how Greg Barton
unhealthy decisions.
overcame his obstacles and benefited by II. Information is
II. Invasion of Privacy
overcoming them. empowering for
patient a. may threaten
4. The concluding sentence is: In short, even a. can change
employment and
though that road was paved with obstacles, he lifestyle
insurance
was able to overcome them and achieve the b. can choose
impossible. appropriate treatment
It summarizes the paragraph. plan
6
III. Results are not A few months later:

Cousins was able to walk
always reliable using a brace
IV. Professional Soon after that:
Cousins was able to return to
interpretation is not work
required A few years later:
Cousins reached full
a.Patient may recovery
interpret test results 1990: Cousins died
incorrectly.
b. There are other STEP 1: ORGANIZE,
page 76
risk factors in addition Genetic Testing (R1):
expensive, used in a
to genes. response to potential
or existing illness, based
on a cutting edge
science, used to prevent and
treat, provides
information about the body,
DETAILS, pages 70-71 results are difficult
to interpret and can be easily
1. h 5. b 9. g misinterpreted,
results may involve family
2. k 6. j 10. i members
3. e 7. d 11. f Both new technique,
medical choice, does not
4. a 8. c have to involve a
doctor, is becoming part of
standard medical care
Laughter Therapy
(R2): little cost, used in
MAKE INFERENCES, pages 71-72 response to existing
illness, based on Cousins’
Answers will vary. Suggested answers: reading about mind-
body interaction, used as
Nate, Kristen’s brother: Neutral treatment only,
changes body chemistry, results
Kristen’s father: Very Strong are easy to
interpret, results involve the patient
Brenda Finucane: Neutral only
Robert Green: Strong
Betsy Bank Saul: Weak
Ardis Dee Hoven: Strong REVIEW, pages 77-78
David Agus: Very Strong 1. revolutionize
8. consult
2. advocates
9. linked
3. potential
10. environment
COMPREHENSION, page 74 4. risk factors
11. interaction
Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 5. impact
12. consensus
1. He was diagnosed with a very serious form of 6. skeptical
13. alternative
arthritis. He decided to fight the disease. 7. reliable
14. conventional
2. If negative emotions bring negative changes
to the body, positive emotions should bring
positive changes. Laughter has a positive EXPAND
therapeutic value.
3. Watching funny movies and reading funny 1, page 78
books are examples of laugh therapy. 1. S 6. S 11.
S
4. He was able to overcome his disease. 2. D 7. D 12.
D
3. D 8. S 13.
S
READING SKILL 4. D 9. S 14.
S
5. S 10. D 15.
S
2, page 75
Sometime before the summer of 1964: 2, pages 78-79
Cousins read the work of organic chemist Hans 1. impact
5. alternative
Selye, The Stress of Life 2. interpret
6. elicit
Summer 1964: Cousins becomes ill 3. treatment
7. diagnosis
Later in the summer of 1964: Cousins was 4. disagreement
diagnosed with a severe form of arthritis and
started his Laughter Therapy program
8 days later: Cousins’ pain decreased, he was
able to sleep better, and his body chemistry
improved.
7
GRAMMAR 2, page 86
Answers may vary.
Suggested answers:
1, pages 79-80 THREE PARTS OF
NOTES
1. T / F AN ESSAY
2. T / T
3. F / T I. Introduction
I. Background
Information:
2, pages 81-82 Thesis Statement:
Grandparents suffering
1. F / F 5. T / T From this personal
from Huntington’s
2. F / F 6. F / T perspective, I
disease
3. F / T 7. T / T believe that home
4. T / F 8. F / F genetic testing
Well educated with
should be much
Master’s degree in
3, page 82 more strictly
biology
1. If she hadn’t chosen the correct treatment regulated, if not
plan, she might not have felt better. prohibited all
2. If Kristen Powers hadn’t always wanted all the together.
information available, she wouldn’t have chosen II. Body Paragraph
II. Body Paragraph 1
to be genetically tested. 1
3. If Norman Cousins hadn’t read The Stress of
Support/Evidence:
Life by Hans Seyle, he wouldn’t have had some Topic: Devastating
Co-workers experience
ideas about the mind-body connection when he effects of home
-Without professional
was diagnosed with ankylosing spondylitis. genetic testing
interpretation led to
4. If Norman Cousins hadn’t been sick, He
feelings of impending
wouldn’t have tried to cure himself by using
tragedy
Laughter Therapy. OR If Norman Cousins hadn’t
-Retesting by doctor led
tried to cure himself by using Laughter Therapy,
to correct medication
he wouldn’t have made a complete recovery.
and lifestyle changes
5. If David Agus hadn’t had a genetic test, he Body Paragraph 2
Body Paragraph 2
wouldn’t have found out that he was at risk for
cardiovascular disease. OR If David Agus hadn’t Topic: Genetic test
Support/Evidence:
had a genetic test and found out that he was at results are not
-Genetic testing is in its
risk for cardiovascular disease, his children infallible nor
infancy and even
wouldn’t have made him change his diet. definitive
professionals don’t
6. If Kristen’s mom hadn’t contacted her
understand interaction
biological father, she might not have learned that
between genes
Huntington’s disease ran in their family.
-False positives
7. If Norman Cousins had been satisfied with his
-False negatives
doctor’s treatment plan, he wouldn’t have
-Environmental factors
developed his own Laughter Therapy treatment
are not taken into
account
PREPARE TO WRITE, page 83 III. Conclusion

KNOWLEDGE IS POWER Restate the Thesis:
If we, as a society, truly
Change lifestyle believe that genetic
testing has more benefits
Consider different treatments than negative
effects, it is our responsibility to
regulate it, so all
testing includes counseling and
PSYCHOLOGICAL EFFECTS interpretation by
professionals.
Positive test results may cause feelings of doom
Final Thought/Wrap
Up: Remember, the key is
MISINTERPRETATION OF RESULTS that to truly be able
to make the best medical
Without consultation with doctor, patient may choices, medical
professionals need to be
make incorrect decisions involved in any
decision.
8
REVISE READING SKILL
2, page 87 2, page 104

Check: 1, 3, 6, 7 1. (Paragraph 4) The
problem is that we often
look for human traits
when we study animal
behaviour. But what
may be clever for us
UNIT 4 needn’t be a viable
attribute in other members of
the animal kingdom.
2. (Paragraphs 16 and
17) The British scientists
VOCABULARY, pages 92-93 point out that the
bees beat the babies in a
1. controversy 7. apparently learning test because
the lab tested
2. category 8. perception characteristics that
bees have been perfecting
3. behavior 9. unique during aeons of
evolutionary development.
4. obvious 10. approach In comparisons of
intelligence among species
5. unconscious 11. acquired it’s hard to avoid
dealing trump cards to one
6. cognition 12. achieve species or another.
3. (Paragraph 20)
With more emphasis on a
bottom-up method,
they would study the
MAIN IDEAS species’ neural
networks in attempts to perceive
what uses these
networks can have.
2, page 97 4. (Paragraph 23)
This [investigations of their
Main Ideas: 2, 5, 8 brains’ neural
circuitry] has contributed toward
answering questions
about whether some of our
human qualities can
also exist in other species
DETAILS, page 98 and help lay the
groundwork for better
1. f 5. a comparisons.
2. c 6. g
3. d 7. e
4. b STEP 1: ORGANIZE,
page 105
R1
R2
WHAT IS Using
Diverse
MAKE INFERENCES, pages 98-99 INTELLIGENCE? extreme
meanings
Answers may vary. Suggested answers:
perception to for different
1. “apparently,” “most” / The predictions are not
invent jobs. species
proven. It is only what Ms. Standley reports. It is
(Recognizing
also not clear whether these dogs were trained
something
as seizure alert dogs. The use of “most” is and
then
vague. Again, there is no documentation.
deciding to
2. “thought” / It is based on von Osten’s belief, act.)
not on proof.
3. “wasn’t really” / Hans was counting but not in PROBLEMS
Using human Looking for
the way people thought he was counting. WITH
standards human
4. “believe,” “obvious,” “as far as I’m concerned,” ASSESSING
(Clever Hans traits and
“think” / This is the author’s opinion and it may ANIMAL
can count qualities
not be shared by everyone. INTELLIGENCE
he is smart; (the use of
5. “to my knowledge,” (not) “hugely,” “some,”
He is not tools)
“think” / This is the author’s opinion and she
really Brain
admits that it may be based on incomplete
counting weight of
knowledge.
he is a dumb mammals
animal) For
humans,
COMPREHENSION, pages 102-103
intelligence
1. a 4. a
is linked to
2. c 5. a
language,
3. b 6. c
but we
can’t
9
understand assessing animal

intelligence. Because for
animal humans, intelligence
is so linked to language,
language the fact that we
don’t understand animal
(dolphins) language makes it
very hard to accurately
assess their
intelligence.
OTHER Forensic Bees: R: Are all of these
apparently amazing things
ABILITIES VS. dogs: Instinct that animals are
capable of doing really a sign of
INTELLIGENCE Extreme intelligence or are
there other explanations for
perception their actions?
Clever Hans: TG: Sometimes there
is. For example, forensic
Learned dogs that work at
airports looking for explosives
reflexes or illegal drugs
aren’t really showing intelligence.
They are just using
extreme perception to signal
items they have been
trained to point out. They
STEP 2: SYNTHESIZE, pages 106-107 don’t have any idea
that these things are bad or
Answers will vary. Suggested answers: dangerous, just that
they are rewarded to find
Reporter: Today we lucky to have with us two them.
animal experts, Temple Grandin and Gita GS: Yes, similarly a
recent test of intelligence
Simonsen. They are both especially interested in across species
(including humans) found bees
the question of animal intelligence. Ms. Grandin, to be smarter than
all other species including
how would you define animal intelligence? humans. However, the
explanation might not be
Temple Grandin: Let me start by saying that intelligence, but
rather it was their instinct that
many people confuse extreme perception with allowed them to
outscore everyone on the test.
intelligence. Many animals have extreme R: Thank you both
very much. I am afraid we
perception at least compared to humans, but have run out of time.
I know I have learned a lot
that alone doesn’t make them intelligent. I think and I am sure our
viewers have, too. Thanks
seizure alert dogs are a good example of animal again.
intelligence because they use their extreme
perception to figure out when someone is going
to have a seizure. This is not something they REVIEW, page 108
need to do or have been taught to do, but R1
something that they choose to do. This is what 1. achieve
assess accomplish attain
2. acquire
obtain need gain
shows intelligence. 3. apparently
seemingly allegedly visually
Gita Simonsen: I definitely agree that seizure 4. approach
method attempt procedure
alert dogs are showing intelligence, but, in my 5. behavior
ability action conduct
opinion, intelligence in animals differs from 6. category
section group aspect
7. cognition
understanding instinct intelligence
species to species. 8.
consensus disagreement debate
R: How can animal intelligence be assessed? controversy
TG: One problem that we have in assessing 9. obvious clear
evident possible
10.
thought awareness observation
animal intelligence is that we too often use perception
human standards. 11.
cautious involuntary unintentional
GS: Yes, I agree. For example, those animals unconscious
that are able to imitate human behavior and 12. unique
singular normal solitary
show human-like traits are thought to be R2

13. confront
remind challenge present
intelligent. 14. discern
differentiate figure out dislike
TG: In the case of the “counting” horse, Clever 15. sensory
auditory visual habitual
Hans, many people judged him to be intelligent 16. trait
characteristic path feature
when they thought he was able to correctly solve 17. viable
usable applicable achievable
mathematical problems. However, as soon as
they realized that he was getting unconscious
cues from the audience, he was considered a
“dumb” animal. I don’t agree with them. I think
Clever Hans was showing intelligence because
he was able invent a job for himself.
GS: That’s a good point. However, let me say
one more thing about the problems with
10
EXPAND, pages 108-109

1 2 3 4 5
6
ROOT MEANING READING WORD MEANING
OTHER
and
WORDS
PARAGRAPH
WITH THE
SAME ROOT
1. Mind R1-6 psychologist Someone
Psychic
psych- who is trained
to study the
mind
2. know/learn R1-2, 10 cognition understanding;
cognizant
cogni- R2- 3, 13 recognizing/ identifying/
recognize identify;
cognitive relating to
thought
3. dict- say/tell R1-2 predict to say
dictation
something will
happen
4. act- do R1-10 actions something
actor
R2-25 active done; busy,
doing
something
5. taken R1-2 perceptual relating to
misconception
cept- R2-14 concepts perception;
idea
6. number R2-23 numerous many
numeral
numer-
7. nov- new R1-2 novel new
novice
8. feeling R1-4 sense feeling about
sens- R2-3 sensory something;
relating to
sensation
9. one R1-3 percent an amount
century
cent- hundred equal to a
particular
number of
parts in every
100 parts
10. know R1-6 unconscious unintentional;
scientist
sci- R2-7 sciences study of
physical world
11. nerve R2-20 neural of nerves
neuron
neur-
2, pages 110-111
GRAMMAR 1. incorrect /
corrections: in which
2. correct /
alternative: in which
1, PAGE 110 3. incorrect /
corrections: which/that
1. that humans lack 4. incorrect /
correction: whose
2. a person about to have a seizure 5. correct /
alternative: that
3. the afternoon he was able to figure out how 6. correct /
alternative: which
Clever Hans was able to answer the questions 7. incorrect /
corrections: who/that
4. that, who, when / nouns 8. incorrect /
corrections: in which/where
11
3, pages 112-113 Answers will vary.

Suggested answers:
Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 5. Clever Hans really
was intelligent, even if he
1. Cleve Hans was trained by a retired school couldn’t count,
because he was able to train
teacher who had taught science for many years. himself to appear to
count.
2. The afternoon when Cleve Hans was ready to 6. Animals that
recognize things and choose to
perform in front of an audience was cold and act on them are
showing true intelligence.
rainy.
3. Binti the gorilla is best known for an amazing
incident which / that occurred on August 16, REVISE
1996.
4. I spoke with a man who / that had trained 1, pages 119-120
dolphins and killer whales. Answers will vary.
Suggested answers:
5. Psychologists study many animals which / 1. We shouldn’t just
look for human traits when
that live in zoos. studying animal
intelligence because they are
6. I saw my friend whose dog could predict not a good indicator
of true animal intelligence.
seizures before they started. 2. Bøckman feels that
until we can understand
7. We saw the dolphin which / that performed animal language we
cannot assess their
some spectacular feats. intelligence because
of the connection for us
8. The psychologist who developed a new test between intelligence
and language.
for animal intelligence had studied at the 3. Many studies
focusing on the neural circuitry
University of Berlin. OR The psychologist who in the brain are
helping scientists to better
had studied at the University of Berlin developed compare traits across
species including “human
a new test for animal intelligence. like” traits in
animals.
9. The morning when the dogs saved Mrs.
Standley was sunny ands hot.
10. The contraband which / that was discovered UNIT 5
by the forensic dog was in an old brown
suitcase.
VOCABULARY, pages
124-125
1. b 5. c 9. b
WRITE 2. a 6. b 10. a
3. b 7. c 11. b
1, pages 115-116 4. c 8. a 12. c
1. Gita Simonsen is the author of the article How
Smart are Animals?
2. Scientists are facing problems in assessing MAIN IDEAS
animal intelligence.
3. Tests are based on the animals ability to 2, page 130
imitate human behavior, on proportional brain Answers will vary.
Suggested answers:
weight, tests are assumed to be flawed if Marriage: Marriage is
not seen as a lifelong
humans do not come out on top, and the small commitment. People
assume they will have
size of some animal brains makes it hard to many marriages to a
wide variety of people who
study neural pathways.. will enhance their
lives.
4. Simonsen concludes that scientists need to Family structure /
Relationships: Because
develop better tools, methods and theories for people live for
hundreds of years there can be
comparing the brain skills in different species, 10 or 20 generations
of the family living at the
but we are well on our way. same time.
Careers: People will
change their careers many
2, pages 116-117 times and their
careers will be vastly different.
1. a Longevity: No one
seems to know how long the
2. b human lifespan can be
with the Process, but so
3. b far, no one has died
in the 400 years since the
4. a Process was invented.
12
DETAILS, page 131 3. c

Answers will vary. Suggested answers: Evidence: He says he
wants the marriage to go
TOPIC MARILISA LEO on forever.
MARRIAGE First marriage Has been 4. c
married Evidence: She thinks
from time to time of the
Assumes she’ll seven times. men she will marry
after she and Leo have gone
be married their separate ways.
Perhaps she’ll stay with
again to a Leo for ten years,
perhaps for fifty. No one stays
variety of men. married forever.
Fifteen, twenty years, that’s the
FAMILY Has to deal Has great usual. Sixty or
seventy tops. She even has
STRUCTURE/ with multiple relationships thought about the
jobs of her future husbands.
RELATIONSH stepchildren, with all of 5. a
IPS much older his ex-wives Evidence: Marilisa is
disturbed by the idea of
than her, and and having the same
husband for hundreds of years,
ex wives. children. but, at the same
time, is disturbed by the idea of
CAREERS Has not yet Has had at having many different
husbands. She also
chosen a least fifteen worries about the
“vast amount of time” that is in
career, but or twenty front of her.
knows she has careers, all
lots of time to of them very
decide and that different. READING SKILL
she will have
the opportunity Does this so 2, page 137
to have many he always Answers will vary.
Suggested answers:
careers. has a 1. Will a doubled
lifespan cause overpopulation?
challenge— What benefits will
come from a doubled
doesn’t get lifespan?
bored. 2. How will marriage
and family be affected by a
LONGEVITY Has had her Faithfully longer lifespan?
first Prep, but does his Will people stay
married to the same person
has not yet Process and their whole lives or
have multiple marriages?
undergone the has been 3. At what age will
people retire?
Process. alive for Will there be enough
jobs for young people?
almost four
Sees an hundred
unlimited future years. STEP 1: ORGANIZE,
page 138
Answers will vary.
Suggested answers:
Still vigorous EFFECT
and Marriage Positive
Marriage Negative
youthful. Effect
Effect
R1 you will be able
to R1 extremely large
have many different
age difference
MAKE INFERENCES, pages 131-133 and interesting
between spouses
Answers will vary. Suggested answers: spouses
1. c
Evidence: She didn’t look a day over thirty and R2 you won’t feel you
R2 multiple brief
was constantly around. In addition, Leo still was have to stay in a
marriages
fond of her. He thought Katrin and Marilisa could loveless marriage out
become friends, but Marilisa thought that would of inertia
be very difficult.
2. b Careers Positive
Careers Negative
Evidence: He winks and laughs at her and Effect
Effect
jokes about being able to play with her when R1 you can “reinvent”
R1 no negative effects
Leo is done with her. yourself by changing
careers and finding a
fresh challenge
13
R2 economic R2 fewer job openings;

productivity will go up; corporations and
Toward Immortality
you can try different universities will Suffixes
Example Definition Example
careers stagnate without
from Text or of a New
youthful talent and
Synonym Adjective
ideas
with the
Family Structure Family Structure
Same
Positive Effect Negative Effect
Suffix
R1 No positive effects R1 have to deal with Paragraphs 1–
multiple ex-wives / 2
husbands and -al
personal individual minimal
stepchildren Paragraphs 3–
R2 more quality time R2 large age 4
with loved ones; watch difference in siblings -ic
emphatic forceful narcotic
future generations would create different -ical
practical sensible tropical
grow up set of social Paragraphs 5–
relationships 7
-less
loveless without love homeless
-ing
remaining still left smoking
REVIEW, page 139 Paragraphs
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: 10–13
Positive Negative Neutral -ly
inevitably Without happily
awesome chilly disparate
doubt
fond impetuous immeasurably -ed
limited restricted skilled
punctually insufferable inevitably -some
worrisome troublesome awesome
vigorous loveless tolerable -ant
constant steady elegant
emphatic presumptuous ultimately -ful
youthful young hopeful
worrisome utterly
radically
GRAMMAR
EXPAND, pages 139-141 1, page 142
Answers in the last column may vary. Suggested 1. Yes, it happened
three years ago.
answers: 2. No, he has been an
architect . . . not he is.
Death Do Us Part 3. Yes, they are
still searching because the verb
Death Do us Part
Suffixes Example Definition Example of is in the continuous
form, searching, and the
from Text or a New sentence states since
the beginning of recorded
Synonym Adjective history, which is
when they started searching.
with the 4. simple past in a,
present perfect in b, and
Same Suffix
Paragraphs
present perfect
continuous in c.
1-2
-ing shimmering sparkling speeding 2, pages 144-145
-ive impulsive impetuous active 1. have been
searching 8. discussed
Paragraphs 2. has been
9. has been doing
3-5
-able insufferable intolerable comfortable
3. have not been
10. have had
-al ideal perfect Traditional 4. took
11. have enjoyed
Paragraphs 5. attended
12. completed
6-15 6. didn’t actually
start 13. has been working
-ent Ancient very old different 7. have gone
-ous serious sincere curious
Paragraphs
26-33
-ible permissible allowable invisible
-ic romantic passionate emphatic
Paragraphs
34-38
-y misty foggy dirty
14
3, page 146 UNIT 6

1. has met 6. have been studying
2. visited 7. have figured
3. has had 8. attended VOCABULARY
4. has been talking 9. has been doing
5. met 10. has written 1, page 156
1. decision 7.
sell
2. modestly 8.
boring
WRITE 3. pride 9.
appreciate
4. amusement 10.
saddened
1, pages 148-149 5. uncertain 11.
respond
1. Circle: My life has been an endless roller 6. order 12.
scared
coaster ride filled with immeasurable happiness
and sadness. 2, pages 156-158
2. The next paragraphs will probably be about 1. donate / challenge
/ manage
this happiness and sadness. Reasons: personal;
medical research
3. TOUCH: shakes awake 2. passion / thrilled
/ inspired
SMELL: bitter coffee, burnt toast Reasons:
environmental and personal
SIGHT: alarm robot, meteor shower 3. passion /
satisfaction / inspired
TASTE: sour milk, bitter coffee Reasons: religious
and personal
SOUND: loud crack 4. proposal /
devoting
Reasons: mandatory
and personal
5. admiring /
determined
REVISE Reasons: political
and personal
1, page 150
His home is being compared to a lonely cloud MAIN IDEAS
because it floats in the sky.
2, page 162
His punctuality is being compared to a Swiss Answers will vary.
Suggested answers:
watch because a Swiss watch is precise and 2, 3, 5
dependable.
2, page 150 DETAILS

Paragraph 1: Waterfalls are being compared to Answers will vary.
Suggested answers:
cascades of diamonds because they shimmer. THE BENEFITS OF
EXAMPLE OF JUSTIN
Paragraph 2: Leo is being compared to a boy COMMUNITY
LEBO
because he looks so young. SERVICE
Paragraph 34: Unknown husbands are being Encourages people to
Justin spent his free
compared to swords that fall between Marilisa use their free time
time in the summer
and Leo because they will destroy her marriage. constructively.
making bicycles for the
children at the
3, page 151
Kilbarchan Home for
The metaphor is They are vague chilly
Boys.
phantoms. She uses this metaphor because Opens volunteers’
Justin built bikes for all
both her unknown future husbands and eyes to the great
kinds of people in need:
phantoms are not real and they are scary like variety of people in
women in a women’s
ghosts. need by providing
shelter, people with
opportunities to meet
AIDS, and people in a
4, page 151 new and different
housing project.
An example of personification is: The words types of people.
skewer her. She uses this personification One successful
Justin continued to
because hearing the words hurts, as it would community service
build bikes after the
hurt if something sharp were pressed into a experience leads to
Kilbarchin project.
person. performing other
services.
15
Volunteers learn they Justin learned that his READING SKILL

can help solve real bikes helped fulfill the
social problems and needs of the boys at 2, page 168
needs. Kilbarchin and the other Some Take the Time
Gladly
people who received Paragraph and
Persuasive words that
them. number of words or
evoke negative
Helps people to find Justin found out he phrases
emotions
out who they are, what could take on a big 1 (2)
grumble
their interests are, and project and complete it.
indignation
what they are good at. He found out he was 2 (1)
resistant
good at rebuilding 7 (1)
frustrating
bikes.
9 (2)
ridiculous
opposing
MAKE INFERENCES, page 163
Problems with
Mandatory Volunteering
1. a 4. b
Paragraph and
Persuasive words that
2. b 5. c
number of words
evoke negative
3. c
emotions
1 (1)
terrible
COMPREHENSION, page 167
Answers will vary. Suggested answers: 3 (5)
not a good
worse
FOR AGAINST
resentful
MANDATORY MANDATORY
not want
VOLUNTEERING VOLUNTEERING
negative
1. Constructive 1. Volunteering is
5 (2)
oxymoron
way to spend time. a personal
opposed
choice.
2. It’s an
STEP 1: ORGANIZE,
page 169
extracurricular
activity (personal JUSTIN LEBO (R1)
choice). Paragraph
Issue
2. Gets kids 3. Many students 22
Dedication to work
involved in the already 23
Time commitment
community. volunteer. 24
Personal enrichment
3. Some people 4. Students may
would not know become resentful SOME TAKE THE TIME
GLADLY (R2)
how great an and never Paragraph
Issue
experience volunteer again. 2
Time commitment
volunteering is 5
Personal enrichment
unless it were PROBLEMS WITH
MANDATORY
required. VOLUNTEERING (R2)
5. Many students Paragraph
Issue
don’t have time. 2
Personal choice,
6. The quality of
Dedication to work
work can suffer. 3
Personal choice, Time
commitment
4
Time commitment
16
REVIEW 5. supports /
Supporters believe mandatory
volunteering can
benefit the community despite
2, page 171 the fact that critics
feel that mandatory
1. donations 7. opposition volunteers may do a
bad job and therefore
2. inspired 8. pride cause more harm than
good.
3. passionate 9. admired
4. challenge 10. fulfilling
5. proposed 11. indignant WRITE
6. resentful
1, pages 180-181
1. He / She is
against cutting school sports.
EXPAND, pages 172-173 2. Arguments to Cut
School Sports: low team
1. a 5. c 9. c participation, low
audience participation, high
2. b 6. c 10. b cost
3. c 7. c 3. Counter Arguments:
many teams have high
4. b 8. b participation numbers
so cut back on number of
teams, audience
participation numbers are not
the only way to
measure student support and
GRAMMAR interest there is a
devoted fan base; sports help
spread school spirit,
cost is worth the long term
1, page 176 benefits
1. He chose to work on bikes and donate them. 4. Answers will vary.
They learn to love it and continue after the 5. Answers will vary.
school requirements are fulfilled.
It is a good idea to get students to go out into
the community. REVISE
2. The concessions introduce a negative
opinion. 1, page 184
3. No. If the sentence starts with a concession, Introduction 1
there is a comma. If the concession is in the Thesis: It is
important to support the proposal
middle of the sentence, there is no comma. for a mandatory
community service program so
4. The other clauses express the writer’s main that young people
will learn the value of giving to
idea. others. / Technique 1
2, pages 177-178 Introduction 2

1. supports / Supporters of mandatory Thesis: This is why I
support a program of
volunteering say it is a good way for students to mandatory community
service in our university. /
get valuable experience even though they are Technique 3
not paid.
2. supports / Critics of mandatory volunteering Introduction 3
maintain that a school should not require a Thesis: A mandatory
community service
student to do anything after school except program in our school
will give students a
homework, though they say that volunteering is valuable experience
and also help solve
better than just sitting around watching TV or important problems in
our community. /
playing video games. Technique 2
3. supports / Although opponents argue that
volunteering is a personal choice, and so it 3, pages 185-186
shouldn’t be mandatory, supporters note that Conclusion 1
schools have many required classes that may Restatement of
thesis: I believe that if students
not be a student’s personal choice. try volunteering,
many of them will discover that
4. opposes / Critics worry that a bad community service can
be an enjoyable and
volunteering experience will stop people from rewarding experience.
/ Technique 3
volunteering again in the future in spite of the
fact that supporters maintain that most student Conclusion 2
volunteers have successful experiences and Restatement of
thesis: Isn’t this called a win-
many continue to volunteer later in life. win situation? /
Technique 2
17
software allowed him

to take note of those that
Conclusion 3 generated the most
discussion.
Restatement of thesis: Last year I started 5. F/ paragraph 7
tutoring an elementary school student whose Rewrite: The
participants were six to eight
parents don’t speak English. At first, he was students from around
the world including some
resentful that he had to stay after school and do from Princeton.
more schoolwork. Truthfully, it was also hard for 6. F/ paragraph 9
me knowing he did not want to be there. But as Rewrite: His audience
became as visible to him
the year progressed, I got to know him and the as the students in a
traditional lecture hall as he
kind of books he liked to read. He began to look got to know them by
sampling their comments
forward to our weekly sessions and was eager on the forums and in
the live, seminar-style
to see what books I had brought for him. Now discussions.
we are not just reading friends but we are real 7. T/ paragraph 11
friends. I know I have made a difference in his 8. F/ paragraph 13
life and he has certainly made a difference in Rewrite: Professor
Duneier’s next online course
mine. / Technique 1 will be in February.
UNIT 7 MAKE INFERENCES,

pages 196-197
1. Concerned
2. Very concerned
VOCABULARY 3. Very concerned
4. Very concerned
2, page 191 5. Somewhat concerned
1. anticipation 7. collaboration 6. Not very concerned
2. diversity 8. analyze 7. Not very concerned
3. crucial 9. significantly 8. Somewhat concerned
4. issue 10. via 9. Concerned
5. virtual 11. subsequent
6. assumption 12. enhance COMPREHENSION, page
201
1. Tommy discovers a
book, which is important
because they no
longer existed at that time; all
MAIN IDEAS reading is done from
a computer screen.
2. Margie is excited
about the discovery.
2, PAGES 194-195 3. Margie thinks they
had fun in the “old days.”
1. b 4. Answer will vary.
Possible answer: He may
2. c fear that books would
disappear.
3. a
READING SKILL
DETAILS, PAGE 195 2, page 202

1. T / paragraph 2 15 Margie 29
Margie
2. F/ paragraph 5 16 Tommy 30
Tommy
Rewrite: Within a few hours of the first class 17 Margie 31
Margie
having ended, it was obvious from the number of 18 Tommy 32
Margie’s mother
comments and questions that students were 19 Margie 33
Margie
interested. 20 Tommy 34
Margie’s mother (Mrs. Jones)
3. F/ paragraph 4 21 Margie 35
Margie
Rewrite: The fact that professor Duneier 22 Tommy 36
Tommy
recorded his lectures in an empty classroom 23 Margie 37
Narrator
made it difficult because there was no audience 24 Tommy 38
The mechanical teacher
to provide crucial interpersonal cues. 25 Margie 39
Narrator
4. F/ paragraph 6 26 Tommy 40
Narrator
Rewrite: Although it was impossible to answer 27 Margie 41
The mechanical teacher
all the student comments and questions, the 28 Tommy 42
Narrator
18
STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 202 5. adjust

13. analyze
READING READING 6. collaboration
14. dispute
ONE TWO 7. virtual
15. disappointed
1. Is Yes. A human Yes. A 8. diversity
16. overall
there a teacher who mechanical
teacher? If teaches via the teacher.
yes, describe Internet. EXPAND, page 205
the teacher. NOUN VERB
ADJECTIVE ADVERB
2. Where Anywhere In a special adjustment
adjust (well) X
does the there is an room in the adjustability
adjusted
“school” take internet house.
adjustable
place? connection. analysis
analyze analyzable X
anticipation
anticipate anticipated X
3. When Whenever the At the same
anticipative
does “class” student has time every assumption
assume assumed X
take place? free time. day except
assumable
Once a week Saturday and collaboration
collaborate collaborative collaboratively
there are live Sunday. X X
crucial crucially
disappointme
disappoint disappointing disappointingl
on-line chats. nt
disappointed y
4. Are Yes. The No. dispute
dispute disputed X
students teacher and diversity
diversify diverse diversely
exposed to a classmates. enhancement
enhance enhancing X
enhanced
variety of
issue issue
X X
academic sector X
X X
opinions? significance
signify significant significantly
5. What They can meet The county X X
subsequent subsequently
options are in face-to-face inspector can X X
virtual virtually
there for study groups adjust the
students who or post mechanical
don’t questions in teacher. GRAMMAR
understand or forums.
who need 1, page 207
more support? 1. Direct speech has
commas and quotation
6. When They can With marks.
and where do socialize via neighbors, 2. The verb tenses
used in direct speech will
students forums after school change in indirect
speech. For example, simple
socialize with whenever they time and present in direct
speech will change to simple
friends or are on-line or during past in indirect
speech. In addition, pronouns
classmates? in face-to-face breaks. and possessives
change to keep speaker’s
study groups. original meaning. The
word that may also be
7. What It was an They don’t added in indirect
speech.
do the incredible like it.
students experience 2, pages 209-210
and/or teacher and created an 1. c 5. b
think about the indescribable 2. a 6. a
learning emotional 3. b 7. c
experience? relationship 4. c
with
classmates 3, page 210
1. Tommy said that
his father knew as much as
his teacher.
REVIEW, pages 203-204 2. The inspector told
Margie’s mother that he
1. anticipation 9. enhanced thought the geography
sector had been a little
2. assumption 10. significantly too difficult.
3. crucial 11 sector 3. He added that he’d
slowed it up to a ten-year
4. via 12. issue level.
19
4. Tommy said that was the old kind of school 3, pages 219-220
that they had had hundreds and hundreds of Answers may vary.
Suggested answers:
years before. 1. I am taking
five courses this semester. I
5. Margie told Tommy that her mother said a am happy with all my
teachers. However, my
teacher had to be adjusted to fit the mind of English and history
teachers are definitely my
each boy and girl it taught. favorites. They are
both extremely enthusiastic
6. Tommy told Margie that she could read the and knowledgeable
about their subjects. For
book with him again the next day. example, my English
teacher, Mr. Dadio, has
recently received an
award for his teaching.
Similarly, my history
teacher, Ms. Mantell, also
WRITE clearly knows her
subject. In fact, she has
written history
textbooks that are being used by
2, pages 214-215 many school systems.
They both have good
1. Point by Point senses of humor. Mr.
Dadio likes to joke with the
2. Block students, which helps
us relax. In the same way,
3. Point by Point Ms. Mantell’s witty
comments also help reduce
the stress many
students feel because of our
school’s demanding
curriculum. Both teachers
REVISE insist that we work
hard, and we do. However,
the type of work that
they give is different. Mr.
1, page 216 Dadio expects us to
read complete novels in
1. similar: while, in the same way only a couple of
days, and he grades us on our
different: in contrast, whereas essays comparing the
characters or plots. In
2. the amount of time spent in class, teachers, contrast, Ms. Mantell
expects us to read a
availability of teachers, expectations about chapter every two
classes, and, instead of
homework grading us on papers,
she gives us tests are that
are usually short
answer or multiple-choice
2, pages 217-218 questions. Despite
their differences, they are
1. MOOC students are taught and submit papers both excellent
teachers.
via the internet; Likewise, Tommy and Margie 2. Each new
level of education brings new
also are taught via the computer. challenges and
demands to students. Moving
2. Professor Duneier liked the MOOC’s course from high school into
college can be especially
delivery method in the same way the MOOC difficult because of
the freedom students
students were excited about the new use of experience in college
along with a new set of
educational technology. expectations.
3. Professor Duneier wasn’t sure he could In high
school students usually live at
effectively teach his students. Similarly, Margie home and their
parents take care of all their
doubted a man could teach effectively. physical needs such
as food and housing.
4. Margie wanted to go to a traditional school; on Students do not
usually have to shop for their
the other hand, students today are tired of food, take time to
pay bills, or even do their own
traditional school and want to incorporate laundry. Parents are
also there to help with and
distance learning in their education. make sure that the
student’s homework is done.
5. Many of Professor Duneier’s MOOC students During the school
day, students rarely have free
chose his course instead of a traditional time. They go
directly from one class to the
sociology course. In contrast, for other students, other. Teachers are
always around to tell the
the choice was his MOOC or no sociology students what to do.
Finally, the work itself is not
course at all. so challenging.
Students can often complete
6. While The Fun They Had describes the future their homework and
reading in a short time.
as it was imagined in 1951, “Teaching the World On the
other hand, in college, Students
from Central New Jersey” describes a present often live away from
home in dorms or
that may seem futuristic to some people. apartments. They may
be responsible for
shopping, paying
bills and laundry. They also
may have to cook
their own meals. Their parents
are not around to
help with homework or even to
check that it has
been done. In contrast to
students in high
school, students in college may
20
have a lot of free time between classes, but as anything that

disrupts your work or family life.
must discipline themselves to use this time In this case
smartphone use could be seen as
productively for homework and other an addiction. Still
others say it is a dysfunction
assignments. Most importantly, college requires not an addiction.
a higher level of thinking and a lot more work Part III: Because
smartphones provide an
than high school. almost continuous
stream of messages and
3. My old school in Lima was very small. alerts as well as
easy access to compelling
On the other hand, my school In New York is information sources.
They create an
gigantic. There were only about 75 students in environment of almost
constant interruptions
my Lima school, and we all knew each other and distractions.
Because of this, we are not
well. The teachers knew every student by name. able to maintain our
attention, to engage in
In contrast, in New York there are over 1400 contemplation and
reflection, or even to be
students, and the immense halls are filled with alone with our
thoughts.
unfamiliar faces, male and female. However, My Part IV: You can be
conscious, strong, and
school in Lima was only for boys; girls went to disciplined. You
should also take “predictable
another school. In Lima, we spoke only Spanish time off”. Another
solution is to slowly wean
at school while here we mostly speak English yourself off email,
web browsing, and social
but sometimes Spanish. The teachers in Lima media.
were very good and always were able to answer
any question that we had. Likewise, in New York
the teachers are also excellent. Use of DETAILS, pages 231-
233
technology is another difference between the 1. c 5. a 9. a
two schools. We had very little technology in 2. a 6. b 10. b
Lima. There were only a couple of computers in 3. b 7. c
the whole school, and students rarely got to use 4. c 8. b
them. In contrast, in New York, every student is
given a laptop at the beginning of ninth grade,
and assignments are posted on class websites. MAKE INFERENCES,
pages 233-235
In fact, I often email my homework and Answers will vary.
Suggested answers:
questions to teachers. I like school in New York, 1. Smartphones can
cause people to be rude.
but sometimes I miss the intimacy of my old This shows that
according to his definition,
school. smartphones are not
truly addictive because
they only satisfy one
part of his definition, the
harmful impact on
your life. He does not talk
UNIT 8 about any physical
withdrawal.
2. Smartphones create
bad habits.
This is not just the
author’s opinion, but is
VOCABULARY, pages 226-227 substansciated by
research.
1. b 5. b 9. a 3. Smartphones make
our thinking more
2. c 6. b 10. c superficial.
3. b 7. b 11. b The author’s idea is
supported by an expert in
4. a 8. a 12. a the field.
4. There is a
solution to smartphone obsession.
Statistics compiled
over a four-year period
MAIN IDEAS support the author’s
conclusion.
2, page 231
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: COMPREHENSION, page
238
Part I: Some signs of compulsive use of Answers may vary.
Suggested answers:
smartphones are continuously using the 1. The only thing he
could think about was his
smartphone to check email, read blogs, check iPhone and he was
oblivious to the beauty
twitter etc. even on weekends or when you are around him.
on vacation. 2. the family decided
they were going to be
Part II: It is unclear. According to some experts, electronics-free for
a week.
we are not seeing smartphone addiction now,
but the potential is there. Others define addiction
21
3. that they did something every day and got out GRAMMAR
of the cabin to explore.
4. they slowed down and became more 1, page 245
connected with their surroundings. 1. get back/ turn
off/ give up
2. Get, in this
sentence, would mean arrive. Get
back means return.
READING SKILL 3. Turn means rotate,
but turn off, in this
sentence, means to
stop the iPhone from
2, page 239 functioning.
Suggested answers: 4. Give means to
offer, give up, in this sentence,
1. Being electronics-free (life without electronics) means to stop using
(the iPhone).
2. The slowing down of time
3. The benefits of their electronic-free week 2, pages 247-248
1. ignore
9. return to
2. persuade
10. invent
STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 240 3. examine
11. meet
Suggested answers: 4. become popular
12. cancel
PROBLEM SOLUTIONS 5. conduct
13. become
Continuous checking Predictable time off 6. postpone
14. Extinguish / stop
Self-discipline 7. discard
15. start
Anxiety if lost or Slowly diminish use 8. like
16. appear
unavailable Wean yourself away
Constant availability Turn off alerts 3, page 249
Make specific times 1. think back on
7. turn on
smartphone-free 2. turn into
8. turning in
Avoid using web 3. take to
9. throwing (my life)
browsers away
Use at inappropriate No texting and driving 4. come up with
10. talk (me) into
times Make commitment not to 5. get together with
11. weaned (myself)
use phone in certain away from
situations 6. going back
12. turned out
REVIEW, pages 242-243 WRITE

1. trigger 9. twitching
2. diminish 10. dysfunction 1, page 251
3. wean / away from 11. temptation EFFECT: People cannot
concentrate or think
4. relent 12. conscious deeply.
5. urge 13. literally
6. devices 14. compulsive 4, page 254
7. anxiety 15. influx Cause I. The
Boston Group participated
8. dependency in an
experiment run by Leslie
Effect Perlow,
PhD.
(becomes A.
Took Predictable Time Off
EXPAND, pages 243-244 cause) 1.
Increased efficiency
1. compulsion 7. blinded to Multiple 2.
Increased collaboration
2. search 8. commitment effects (1- 3.
Better work-life balance
3. addiction 9. steals / contemplation 3) II.
Writer’s plan to manage own
4. trigger 10. can’t stand
smartphone use by using multiple
5. ignoring me 11. shun
strategies
6. repeatedly A.
Slowly diminished time
Multiple between
checking
causes (A- B.
Stopped using phone for
D) web
browsing
C.
Stopped using phone for
social
media
22
D. Stopped using phone for distractions, people

cannot concentrate or think
texting and emailing while driving deeply.
Multiple 1. Overall effect 4. C / E
effects (a- a. Concentrating better There are
approximately 40,000 medical apps
d) b. More aware of available today for
smartphones and tablets; as
surroundings a result, it is like
having a health expert at your
c. More relaxed fingertips.
d. More focused use of There are
approximately 40,000 medical apps
smartphone available today for
smartphones and tablets;
thus, it is like
having a health expert at your
fingertips.
REVISE 5. C / E
Because Smartphone
apps can remotely turn on
1, page 256 and off the heat in
your home when you are out,
Answers may vary. Suggested answers: homeowners can save
money and help to cut
The writer of the unplugged article wanted her down on the use of
fossil fuels.
family to enjoy an electronics-free vacation; Smartphone apps can
remotely turn on and off
therefore, she took them to a remote island in the heat in your home
when you are out, so
the wilderness of British Columbia. On the first homeowners can save
money and help to cut
day of the vacation her son couldn’t enjoy the down on the use of
fossil fuels.
beauty of their surroundings because he was 6. E / C
suffering from acute iPhone withdrawal. On the Many people use
tablets and e-readers for most
other hand, her husband and daughter were of their reading; for
this reason, the number of
doing fine. They had found things to do that hardcover and
paperback books being sold has
didn’t rely on electronics, so they suffered no declined.
withdrawal symptoms. As time passed, her son Because of the fact
(that) many people use
forgot about his iPhone. As a result, he was able tablets and e-readers
for most of their reading,
to enjoy himself at the beach and reading. He the number of
hardcover and paperback books
was also able to have fun hiking and swimming being sold has
declined.
since he was no longer thinking only about this
iPhone.
2, pages 256-257
1. C / E
Employees at usemyphone.com started taking
predictable time off; as a result, there was
increased efficiency and collaboration among
employees.
Because employees at usemyphone.com
started taking predictable time off, there was
increased efficiency and collaboration among
employees.
2. E / C
It is easy to stay in contact with people even
when they are not at home since many people
have smartphones phones.
Many people have smartphones phones;
therefore, it is easy to stay in contact with people
even when they are not at home.
3. E / C
Smartphones create an environment of constant
interruptions and distractions; consequently,
people cannot concentrate or think deeply.
Due to the fact that smartphones create an
environment of constant interruptions and

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1

NorthStar 4e Reading & Writing Level 4 Answer Key

UNIT 1 4. Other people

STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 16 5. Social

3, pages 29-30 4. defeated 10.

as he told his stories

mother was alive,

1994 Event: Frank He struggled to write MARLA RUNYAN (R2)

COMPREHENSION, page 47 GRAMMAR

III. Results are not A few months later:

PREPARE TO WRITE, page 83 III. Conclusion

REVISE READING SKILL

2, page 87 2, page 104

understand assessing animal

show human-like traits are thought to be R2

EXPAND, pages 108-109

3, pages 112-113 Answers will vary.

DETAILS, page 131 3. c

R2 economic R2 fewer job openings;

3, page 146 UNIT 6

2, page 150 DETAILS

Volunteers learn they Justin learned that his READING SKILL

2, pages 177-178 Introduction 2

software allowed him

UNIT 7 MAKE INFERENCES,

DETAILS, PAGE 195 2, page 202

STEP 1: ORGANIZE, page 202 5. adjust

have a lot of free time between classes, but as anything that

REVIEW, pages 242-243 WRITE

D. Stopped using phone for distractions, people

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