Mookambigai College of Engineering: EC8 094 Satellite Communication
Mookambigai College of Engineering: EC8 094 Satellite Communication
Mookambigai College of Engineering: EC8 094 Satellite Communication
Prepared By
a) e 1 b2
a2
b) e 1 a2
b2
c) e 1 b2 cos
a2
d) None of the above
a) 0 e 1.
b) e 0
c) e 1
d) None of the above
a) T2 a3 .
b) T3 a 2
c) T2 a 3/ 2
d) None of the above
a) P 2 /n .
b) P 2 / n2
c) P /n
d) None of the above
Q9. Calculate the radius of a circular orbit for which the period is 1 day?
a) 42.241Km
b) 42.241m
c) 4.241Km
d) 2.241Km
Q10. Apogee?
Q11. Perigee?
a) The point where the orbit crosses the equatorial plane going from south to
north
b) The point longest from earth
c) The point closest approach to earth
d) None of the above
a) The true anomaly is the angle from perigee to the satellite position, measured
at the earth’s center.
b) The point longest from earth
c) The point closest approach to earth
d) None of the above
(B) Bandwidth.
Q16. The multiple access technique suitable only for digital transmission is
a) whether forecasting
b) Terrestrial communication
c) point to point communication
d) None of the above
b) Signal transmission
c) Information transmission
d) None of the above
19. Define Polar-orbiting Satellites.
(a) Polar orbiting Satellites orbit the earth in such a way as to cover the north & south Polar
Regions.
b) Orbiting Satellites orbit the earth in such a way as to cover the east & west Polar Regions
c) Either (a) & (b)
d) None of the above
(a) It is the time used for all civil time keeping purposes & it is the time reference which is
broadcast by the national bureau of standards as a standard for setting clocks.
(b) It is the time used for all private time keeping purposes & it is the time reference which is broadcast
by the national bureau of standards as a standard for setting clocks.
(c) It is the time used for all civil time keeping purposes & it is the time reference which is not broadcast
by the national bureau of standards as a standard for setting clocks.
(a) Sideral time is time measured relative to the fixed stars. It will be seen that one complete
rotation sideral time relative to the sun .This is because the earth moves in its orbit around the sun.
(b) Sideral time is time measured relative to the variable stars. It will be seen that one complete rotation
sideral time relative to the sun .This is because the earth moves in its orbit around the sun.
(c) Sideral time is time measured relative to the fixed stars. It will be seen that one complete rotation
sideral time relative to the moon .This is because the earth moves in its orbit around the moon.
(a) It is defined as one complete rotation rotation of the earth relative to the fixed stars. It is
measured as 23h56m04s mean solar time.
(b) It is defined as one and half rotation of the earth relative to the fixed stars. It is measured as 23h56m04s
mean solar time.
(c) It is defined as one complete rotation of the earth relative to the fixed stars. It is measured as 24h mean
solar time.
(a) The angular distance from the I axis to the Greenwich merdian is measured directly as
Greenwich sideral time, also known as the Greenwich hour angle.
(b) (a) The angular distance from the I axis to the Greenwich median is measured directly as Greenwich
sideral time, also known as the Greenwich hour angle.
(c) (a) The angular distance from the I axis to the Greenwich sideral time, also known as the Greenwich
hour angle.
30.what are the difference between the geodetic & geocentric latitudes?
(a) The latitudes reaches a maximum at a geocentric latitude of 45deg, when the geodetic latitude is
45.192deg.
(a) The latitudes reaches a maximum at a geocentric latitude of 30deg, when the geodetic latitude is
45.192deg.
(a) The latitudes reaches a maximum at a geocentric latitude of 45deg, when the geodetic latitude is
4.192deg.
(a) It is defined as the angle produced by intersection of local horizontal plane & the plane passing
through the earth station ,the satellite & center of earth.
(b) It is defined as the angle produced by intersection of local vertical plane & the plane passing through
the earth station ,the satellite & center of earth.
(c) It is defined as the angle produced by intersection of local horizontal plane & center of earth.
(a) It is the system that achieves & maintains the required attitudes. The main functions of attitude
control system include maintaining accurate satellite position throughout the life span of the
system.
(b) The main functions of attitude control system include maintaining accurate satellite velocity
throughout the life span of the system.
(c) It is the system that achieves & maintains the required attitudes. The main functions of attitude control
system include maintaining accurate satellite acceleration throughout the life span of the system.
(a) A single actuator is used which moves the antenna in a circular arc ie known as polar mount
antenna.
(b) An double actuator is used which moves the antenna in a circular arc ie known as polar mount
antenna.
(c) A single actuator is used which moves the antenna in a elliptical arc ie known as polar mount antenna.
(a) The angle of tilt is often referred to as the declination which must not be confused with the
magnetic declination used in correcting compass readings.
(b) The angle of tilt is often referred to as the declination which must be confused with the magnetic
declination used in correcting compass readings.
(c) The angle of tilt is often referred to as the declination which must not be confused with the electric
declination used in correcting compass readings.
(a) During equinox periods, the earth the sun & the satellite are in alignment with the result that
earth’ s shadow eclipses that satellite & the sunlight fails to reach the satellite solar cells.
(b) During equinox periods, the earth the sun & the satellite are in alignment with the result that earth’ s
shadow eclipses that satellite & the sunlight success to reach the satellite solar cells.
(c) a & b
(a) The eclipse effect is noticeable for periods of about four weeks & the maximum daily eclipse
duration is about 1.20hours.
(b) The eclipse effect is noticeable for periods of about one weeks & the maximum daily eclipse duration
is about 12 hours.
(c) a & b
(a) The payload refers to the equipment used to provide the service for which the satellite has been
launched.
(b) The payload refers to the equipment used to provide the service for which the satellite has been
stabilize in orbit.
(c) a & b
(a) In a communication satellite, the equipment which provides the connecting link between the
satellite’s transmit & receive antennas is referred to as the transponder.
(b) In a communication satellite, the equipment which provides the power supply is referred to as the
transponder.
(c) a & b
(a) In a, spin stabilized satellites, the body of the satellite spins at about 30 to 100rpm about the axis
perpendicular to the orbital plane.
(b) In a, spin stabilized satellites, the body of the satellite spins at about 300 to 1000 rpm about the axis
perpendicular to the orbital plane.
(c) a & b
(a) The carrier with opposite senses of polarization may overlap in frequency this technique is
known as frequency reuse.
(b) The carrier with same senses of depolarization may overlap in frequency this technique is known as
frequency reuse.
(c) a & b
(a) A beam generated by a communication satellite antenna of sufficient size that the angular
spread of sufficient size that the angular spread of the energy in the beam is very small with the
result that a region that is only a few hundred km in diameter is illuminated on earth.
(b) A beam generated by a communication satellite antenna of sufficient size that the angular spread of
sufficient size that the angular spread of the energy in the beam is very slarge with the result that a region
that is only a few hundred mm in diameter is illuminated on earth.
(c) Either a or b.
(a) The TWTAS are widely used in transponder to provide the final output power required to the
trans tube & its power supplies.
(b) The TWTAS are widely used in transponder to provide the final input power required to the trans tube
& its power supplies.
(c) Either a or b.
(a) The AM/PM conversion is then a complicated function of carrier amplitudes, but in addition,
the nonlinear transfer characteristic introduces a more serious form of distortion known as
intermodulation distortion.
(b) The AM/PM conversion is then a complicated function of carrier amplitudes, but in addition, the
nonlinear transfer characteristic introduces a less distortion known as inter-modulation distortion.
(c) Either a or b.
(a) In order to reduce the intermodulation distortion, the operating point of the TWT must be
shifted closer to the linear portion of the curve, the reduction in input power being referred to as i/p
backoff.
(b) In order to reduce the inter-modulation distortion, the operating point of the TWT must be shifted
closer to the linear portion of the curve, the reduction in output power being referred to as i/p back-off.
(c) Either a or b.
45.Define diplexer.
(a) The transmit & receives signals are separated in a device known as diplexer.
(b) The transmit & receives signals are separated in a device known as diplexer
(c) Either a or b.
(a) The polarization seperation takes place in a device known as an ortho-coupler or orthogonal
mode transducer.
(b) The polarization combiner takes place in a device known as an ortho-coupler or orthogonal mode
transducer.
(c) Either a or b.
(a) Overlap occurs between channels, but these are alternating polarized left hand circular & right
hand circular to reduce interference to acceptable levels. This is referred to as polarization
interleaving.
(b) Overlap occurs between channels, but these are alternating polarized left hand flat & right hand
elliptical to reduce interference to acceptable levels. This is referred to as polarization interleaving.
(c) Either a or b.
(a) In a thin route circuit, a transponder channel (36MHz) may be occupied by a no. of single
carriers, each associated with its own voice circuit.
(b) In a thin route circuit, a transponder channel (36mhz) may be occupied by a no. of double carriers,
each associated with its own voice circuit.
(c) Either a or b.
(a) The S/N introduced in the preceding section is used to refer to the ratio of signal power to noise
power at the receiver output.This ratio is sometimes referred to as the post detector.
(b) The S/N introduced in the preceding section is used to refer to the ratio of signal power to noise
power at the receiver input. This ratio is sometimes referred to as the post detector.
(c) Either a or b.
(a) Improve the post detection signal to noise ratio is referred to as noise weighting.
(b) Improve the pre detection signal to noise ratio is referred to as noise weighting.
(c) Either a or b.
Improve the post detection signal to noise ratio is referred to as noise weighting.
(a) It is a measure of radiated or transmitted power of an antenna. It can be completed from the
antenna gain & the power fed to the antenna input.
(b) It is a measure of radiated or transmitted power of an antenna. It can be completed from the antenna
gain & the power fed from the antenna output.
(c) Either a or b.
(a) Losses=(FSL)+(RFL)+(AML)+(AA)+(PL)
(b) Losses=(FSL)+(RFL)
(c) Losses=(FSL+(AML)+(AA)+(PL)
(b) N0 = BN/PN
(a) Intermodulation distortion in high power amplifier can result in signal products which appear
as noise & in fact is referred to as Intermodulation noise.
(b) Intermodulation distortion in LNA can result in signal products which appear as noise & in fact is
referred to as Intermodulation noise.
(c) Intermodulation distortion in LNA & HPA can result in signal products which appear as noise & in
fact is referred to as Intermodulation noise.
(a) It is add to noise received as radiation & the total antenna noise temperature is in the sum of the
equivalent noise temperature of all these sources.
(b) It is add to noise received as radiation & the total antenna noise temperature is in the divider of the
equivalent noise temperature of all these sources.
(c) It is add to noise received as radiation is in the sum of the equivalent noise temperature of all these
sources.
(a) It is a term used to describe the microwave radiation which is present throught out universe &
which appears to originate from matter in any form ,at finite temperature.
(b) It is a term used to describe the microwave radiation which is present throught out universe & which
appears to originate to matter in any form , at infinite temperature.
(c) It is a term used to describe the microwave radiation which appears to originate from matter from any
form , at infinite temperature.
(a) An alternative way of representing amplifier noise is by means of its noise-factor. In defining the
NF of an amplifier, denoted by to usually taken as 290k, N0,out = FGKT0
(b) In defining the NF of an amplifier, denoted by to usually taken as 290k, N0,out = KT0
(c) In defining the NF of an amplifier, denoted by to usually taken as 290k , N0,out = KKT0
(a) It is one which contains resistive elements. These introduce losses by absorbing energy from the
signal& converting it to heat.
(b) It is one which contains active elements. These introduce losses by absorbing energy from the signal&
converting it to heat.
(c) It is one which contains amplifier elements. These introduce losses by absorbing energy from the
signal& converting it to heat.
(c) Waveguides
(a) The flux density required at the receiving antenna to produce saturation of TWTA is termed the
saturation flux density.
(b) The flux density required at the transmitting antenna to produce saturation of TWTA is termed the
saturation flux density.
(c) a&b
63. A satellite downlink at 12GHZ operates with a transmit power of 6w & an antenna gain of
48.2db. Calculate the EIRP in dBw.
(a) 56dBw
(b) 16dBw
(c) 56dB
64. Calculate the gain of a 3m parabolidal antenna operating at a frequency of 12GHZ. Assume an
aperture efficiency of 0.5.
(a) 48.9dB
(b) 4.9dB
(c) 48.9dBHz
65.The range between a ground station & a satellite is 42000km. Calculate the free space loss a
frequency of 6GHZ.
(a) 200.4db.
(b) 20.4db.
(c) 2.4db.
(a) 1.86*10-21J
(b) 1.6*10-25J
(c) 186*10-21J
67. An antenna has a noise temperature of 35k & its matched into a receiver which has a noise temp
of 100k. Calculate the noise power density & the noise power for a BW of 36MHZ.
(a) 0.067pw
(b) 0.07pw
(c) 67pw
(a) A transponder channel aboard a satellite may be fully loaded by a single transmission from an
earth-station. This is referred to as a single access mode of operation.
(b) A transponder channel aboard a satellite may be fully loaded by a full duplex transmission channel
from an earth-station. This is referred to as a single access mode of operation.
(c) a&b
(a) TDMA
(b) FDMA
(c) a&b
(b) In this method all signal is associated with a particular code that is used to spread the signal in
frequency & or time.
(c) a&b
(c) a&b
(a) SCPC systems are widely used on lightly loaded routes, this type of service being referred to as a
thin route service.
(b) SCPC systems are widely used on heavily loaded routes, this type of service being referred to as a
thin route service.
(c) a&b
(a) The system is that each channel is voice activated. This means that on a two way telephone
conversation only one carrier is operative at any one time.
(b) The system is that each channel is video activated. This means that on a two way telephone
conversation only one carrier is operative at any one time.
(c) a&b
(a) Only one carrier uses the transponder at anyone time,& therefore intermodulation products,
which results from the nonlinear amplification of multiple carriers are absent.
(b) Only one carrier uses the transponder at anyone time, & therefore inter-modulation products, which
results from the nonlinear amplification of multiple carriers are present.
(c) a&b
(a) The transponder traveling wave tube can be operated at maximum power o/p.
(b) The transponder traveling wave tube can be operated at saturation power o/p
(c) a&b
(a) Certain time slots at the beginning of each burst are used to carry timing &synchronizing
information. These time slots collectively are referred to as preamble.
(b) Certain time slots at the beginning of two burst are used to carry timing & synchronizing information.
These time slots collectively are referred to as preamble.
(c) a&b
(b). the guard time will vary from burst to burst depending on the accuracy with which the various bursts
can be positioned within each frame.
(c) a&b
(a). It In certain phase detection systems the phase detector must be allowed time to recover from
one burst before the next burst is received by it. This is known as decoding quenching.
(b). In certain phase detection systems the phase detector must be allowed phase to recover from one burst
before the next burst is received by it. This is known as decoding quenching.
(c) a&b
(b). The timing positions are reckoned from the last bit of the unique word in the postamble. The loop
method is also known as direct closed loop feedback.
(c) a&b
(a). The synchronization information is transmitted back to an earth station from a distant, that is
termed feedback closed loop control.
(b). The synchronization information is transmitted forth to an earth station from a distant, that is termed
feedback closed loop control.
(c) a&b
a). It is a measure of the fraction of frame time used for the transmission of Traffic
(b). It is a measure of the fraction of information time used for the transmission of Traffic.
(c) a&b
a). The fraction of time a transmission channel is active is known as the telephone load activity
factor.
(b). The fraction of time a transmission channel is paasive is known as the telephone load activity factor.
(c) a&b
a). The point is that for a significant fraction of the time the channel is available for other
transmissions,& advantages is taken of this in a form of demand assignment known as digital
speech interpolation.
(b). The point is that for a significant fraction of the time the channel is available for peer
transmissions,& advantages is taken of this in a form of predefined assignment known as digital speech
interpolation.
(c) a&b
(c) a&b
(c) a&b
a). It has assumed that a free satellite channel will be found for any incoming speech spurt, but of
course there is a finite probability that all channels will be occupied & the speech spurt lost. Losing
a speech spurt in this manner is referred to as freeze out.
(b). The point is that for a significant fraction of the time the channel is available for peer transmissions,&
advantages is taken of this in a form of predefined assignment referred to as freeze out.
(c) a&b
a). The DSI gain is the ratio of the number of terrestrial channels to number of satellite channels. It
depends on the number of satellite channels provided as well the design objectives stated above.
(b). The DSI gain is the ratio of the number of satellite channels to number of terrestrial channels. It
depends on the number of satellite channels provided as well the design objectives stated above.
(c) a&b
(d) None of above
88. What are the advantage of SPEC method over DSI method?
a). The SPEC method over DSI method is that freez-out does not occur during overload conditions.
(b). The SPEC method over DSI method is that freez-out does occur during overload conditions.
(c) a&b
a). Rb/BH=m/(1+p)
(b). Rb/BH=m2/(1+p)
(c) Rb/BH=m/(1+p)2
(c) a&b
a). The satellites in Geostationary orbit can be achieved through the use of antenna spot beams. The
use of spot beam is also known as space division multiplexing.
(b). The satellites in non-Geostationary orbit can be achieved through the use of antenna spot beams.The
use of spot beam is also known as space division multiplexing.
(c) a&b
a). Space division multiplexing can be realized by switching the antenna interconnections in
synchronism with the TDMA frame rate, this being know as satellite switched TDMA
(b). Space division multiplexing can be realized by switching the antenna interconnections in
synchronism with the FDMA frame rate, this being know as satellite switched TDMA
(c) a&b
a). A modern pattern is a repetitive sequence of satellite switch modes,also referred to as SS/TDMA
(b). A modern pattern is a non-repetitive sequence of satellite switch modes,also referred to as SS/TDMA
(c) a&b
a). The jamming or interference signal energy is reduced by a factor known as the processing gain.
(b). The jamming or interference signal energy is increased by a factor known as the processing gain.
(c) a&b
(c) a&b
(d) a, b & c
a). The geocentric equatorial coordinate system is used with the GPS system, where it is called the
earth centered, earth fixed coordinate system.
(b). The geocentric equatorial coordinate system is used with the GPS system, where it is called the earth
circular, earth first coordinate system.
(c) a&b
a). Position calculations involve range differences,& where the ranges are nearly equal,any error is
greatly magnified in the difference.This effect,brought about as known as a result of the satellite
geometry is known as dilution of precision.
(b). Position calculations involve range differences,& where the ranges are nearly unequal, any error is
greatly magnified in the difference. This effect, brought about as known as a result of the satellite
geometry is known as dilution of precision.
(c) a & b
a). With the GPS system, dilution of position is taken into account through a factor known as the
position dilution of precision.
(b). With the GPS system, dilution of power is taken into account through a factor known as the power
dilution of precision.
(c) a & b
(c) a & b
(c) a & b
(d) None of these
(a). At any given traffic station, detection of the unique word in the reference burst signals the start
of receiving frame.
(b). Detection of the letter in the reference burst signals the start of receiving frame.
(c) a & b
104. What is meant by burst position acquisition & burst position synchronization?
(a). A station just entering ,or reentering after a long delay to acquire its correct slot position.
(b). A station just entering , or reentering after a long delay to acquire its un-correct slot position.
(c) a & b
(a). A transponder channel aboard a satellite may be fully loaded by a single transmission from
earth station.
(b). A transponder channel aboard a satellite may be fully loaded by a double transmission from earth
station.
(c) a & b
(a). A transponder to be loaded by a number of carriers. These may originate from a number of
earth station may transmit one or more of the carriers. This mode of operation known as multiple
access technique.
(c) a & b
(a). FDMA
(b). TDMA
(c) a & b
(a). The satellite as a whole to be accessed by earth stations widely separated geographically but
transmitting on the same frequency i.e. , known as frequency reuse.
(b). The satellite as a whole to be accessed by earth stations widely separated geographically but
transmitting on the different frequency i.e. , known as frequency reuse.
(c) a & b
(a). The satellite as a whole to be accessed by earth stations widely separated geographically but
transmitting on the same frequency i.e. ,known as frequency reuse. This method of access known as
space division multiple access.
(b). The satellite as a whole to be accessed by earth stations widely separated geographically but
transmitting on the different frequency i.e. , known as frequency reuse. This method of access known as
space division multiple access.
(c) a & b
(a). A code which allows for the detection of errors is termed an error detecting code.
(b). A code which allows for the correcting of errors is termed an error detecting code.
(c) a&b.
a) transformer
b) transistor
a) amplitude modulated
b) dc modulated
c) frequency modulated
d) a and c
a) Amplitude modulated
b) de-modulated
c) Frequency modulated
d) None of these
Q115. In a communication satellite if the beam width required for national coverage is 1°,
then the beam width required for full global coverage may be around
a) 360°
b) 180°
c) 72°
d) 18°
Q116. With reference to satellite communication, the anti-jamming technique preferred is
a) key leverage
b) Frequency hopping
c) Once-only key
d) Frequency-spectrum modulation
Q117. MODEM is
a) TV signal
b) Telegraph signal
c) Speech signal
a) AM
b) FM
c) PWM
d) PAM
Q123. As on-line, real time data transmission system is most likely to require a connection that is
a) Time shared
b) Frequency shared
c) Simplex
d) Duplex
a) 1
b) 3
c) 7
d) 11
Q126. The frequency band used by most satellites is
a) UHF
b) VHF
c) SHF
d) EHF
Q127. The total noise of a satellite earth station receiving system consists of
a) Sky noise
Q128. The optimum working frequency for satellite systems lies between
Q129. Compander
c) Compresses the higher amplitude parts of a signal before modulation and expand them back
to normal again after demodulation
Q130. In TV broadcast via satellite the TV signal from the main broadcast station is routed to the
earth station via
b) Microwave links
c) TV relay stations
d) Microwave repeater stations
Q 131. A telephone communication link between two countries is established throu a composite
system using submarine cable and satellite when
a) 24 hours
b) 12 hours
c) 6 hours
d) 1 hours
a) 1255 km/hr
b) 6757 km/hr
c) 9422 km/hr
d) 12644 km/hr
a) Circular path
b) Elliptical path
c) Inclined path
d) Cycloidal path
Q136. Geostationary satellite are generally put in……..orbit and domestic satellite in …….orbit
b) Polar, equatorial
c) Equatorial, polar
d) Inclined , polar
a) Equatorial region
b) Polar region
c) A and C
a) COMAT
b) DOMSAT
c) INTELSAT
d) EARSAT
b) Transmitting only
c) A and C
d) A , c and attenuating
b) TV relay station
a) Low cost
b) Low distortion
c) High reliability
a) 66.5
b) 47.34
c) 17.34
d) 7.34
Q144. In analog technique of modulation in satellite, the most commonly employed system is
a) AM
b) FM
c) PAM
d) PWM
Q145. Which is the most commanly employed modulation technique in the commercial
communication satellite syatem?
a) FM
b) Digital modulation
c) Analoge modulation
d) All of the above
a) Modulation method
b) Overall costs
c) Available technology
d) Ionospheric characteristics
Q147. A certain sound has 1000 times more eneergy then another sound. The number of
times it would sound stronger to a listener will be
a) 1000
b) 100
c) 30
d) 3
a) r
b) r
c) r3 / 2
d) r2
b) nickel-cadmium battery
c) solar cells
Q151. A 20 meter antenna give a certain up-link gain at 5 GHz. For getting the same gain
at 25 GHz ate antenna size required will be
a) 100 m
b) 80 m
c) 20 m
d) 4 m
Q152. Which antenna is used for sending back signals from satellite to earth?
a) Dipole antenna
b) Horn antenna
c) Yagi antenna
d) Chicken-mash antenna
Q153. The signal to noise ratio for a satellite signal least depends on
b) Bandwidth
a) AM
b) FM
c) TDM
d) FDM
155. One technique to enable a TV subscriber to interact is to provide an optional data
channel from which a variety of information may be selected.
a) true
b) false
c) equal
d) none of these
156. A satellite transponder receives a ___ beam width to ___ the amount of energy
received. In the downlink direction a ___ beam width is used to provide an adequately
sized ___.
d) none of these
157. An offset focus receiving antenna has the advantage that the LNB/C is so mounted as
to not block any of the incoming radio waves.
a) true
b) false
c) equal
d) none of these
158. In satellite communication, a signal received by an antenna is fed directly into the
receiving equipment via a suitable transmission medium.
a) true
b) false
c) equal
d) none of these
159. Geostationery satellites, once placed in their correct orbit, remain correctly positioned
until the lifetime of their equipment expires.
a) true
b) false
c) equal
d) none of these
(b). MEO
(c). LEO
(b). MEO
(a). The earth is not perfectly spherical, there being an equatorial bulge and a flattening at the
poles, a shape described as an oblate spheroid
(b). The earth is perfectly spherical, there being an equatorial bulge and a flattening at the poles, a shape
described as an oblate spheroid
(a). The earth is not perfectly spherical, there being an equatorial bulge and a flattening at the poles
(b). The earth is perfectly spherical, there being an equatorial bulge and a flattening at the poles
Q164. A satellite is orbiting in the equatorial plane with a period from perigee to perigee of 12 h.
Given that the eccentricity is 0.002, calculate the semi-major axis. The earth’s equatorial radius is
6378.1414 km.
(a) Because the drag is greatest at the perigee, the drag acts to reduce the velocity at this point,
with the result that the satellite does not reach the same apogee height on successive revolutions.
(b) Because the drag is greatest at the perigee, the drag acts to increase the velocity at this point, with the
result that the satellite does reach the same apogee height on successive revolutions.
(a) The satellite must travel eastward at the same rotational speed as the earth.
Q170. [EIRP] is
(a) G (10.472fD) 2
(b) G (10.472fD) 2
(c) G (10.472fD)
Q172. For a paraboloidal antenna, the isotropic power gain is given by (with the diameter D in feet)
(a) G (3.192fD) 2
(b) G (10.472fD) 2
(c) G (10.472fD)
Q173. [FSL]=?
Q174. [PR]=?
(a) [PR]=[EIRP]+[GR]-[FSL]
(b) [PR]=[EIRP]+[GR]
(c) [PR]=[EIRP]+[ FSL]
Q177. A satellite link operating at 14 GHz has receiver feeder losses of 1.5 dB and a free-space loss
of 207 dB. The atmospheric absorption loss is 0.5 dB, and the antenna pointing loss is 0.5 dB.
Depolarization losses may be neglected. Calculate the total link loss for clear-sky conditions.
Q178. The direct equivalence between noise factor and noise temperature:
(a ) Te= (F -1) T0
Q179. An LNA is connected to a receiver which has a noise figure of 12 dB. The gain of the LNA is
40 dB, and its noise temperature is 120 K. Calculate the overall noise temperature referred to the
LNA input.
a)120.43K
(b) 12.43K
(c) 20.43K
(a) The uplink of a satellite circuit is the one in which the earth station is transmitting the signal
and the satellite is receiving it.
(b) The uplink of a satellite circuit is the one in which the earth station is receiving the signal and the
satellite is transmitting it.
C
Q181. =
N
C
(a) [EIRP ] [G R ] [LOSSES ] [k ] [TS ] [B N ]
N
C
(b) [EIRP ] [G R ] [LOSSES ] [TS ] [B N ]
N
C
(c) [EIRP ] [G R ] [LOSSES ] [k ] [TS ]
N
(a) The uplink of a satellite circuit is the one in which the earth station is transmitting the signal and the
satellite is receiving it.
Q183. For a satellite circuit the individual link carrier-to-noise spectral density ratios are: uplink
100 dBHz; downlink 87 dBHz. Calculate the combined (C/N0) ratio.
(b) 86.79 dB
(a) Intermodulation occurs where multiple carriers pass through any device with nonlinear characteristics.
(b) Where a large number of modulated carriers are present, the inter-modulation products are not
distinguishable separately but instead appear as a type of noise which is termed intermodulation
noise.
(c) Intermodulation occurs where single carriers pass through any device with nonlinear characteristics.
Q185. For a satellite circuit the carrier-to-noise ratios are uplink 23 dB, downlink 20 dB,
intermodulation 24 dB. Calculate the overall carrier- to-noise ratio in decibels.
(a) 17.2dBHz
(b) 86.79 dB
(a) In order to reduce intermodulation noise, the TWT must be operated in a BO condition.
(b) In order to increase intermodulation noise, the TWT must be operated in a BO condition
(c) In order to reduce intermodulation noise, the TWT must be operated in a saturation condition
(d) In order to reduce intermodulation noise, the TWT must be operated in a BO condition
Q187. The space segment will obviously include the satellites, but it also includes the ground
facilities needed to keep the satellites operational, these being referred to:
(b) The earth station is receiving the signal and the satellite is transmitting it.
(c) signal transmission
Q188. The transponder forms one of the main sections of the payload, the other being:
(b) The earth station is receiving the signal and the satellite is transmitting it.
Q189. In the C band and, more especially, the Ku band, rainfall is the most significant cause of:
(c) Attenuation
Q190. The period of a satellite, the time required for a satellite to make a complete trip around the
Earth, is determined by _________ law.
A) Kepler's
B) Newton's
C) Ohm's
Q191. The signal from a satellite is normally aimed at a specific area called the _________.
A) path
B) effect
C) footprint
A) one
B) two
C) many
A) 1000
B) 2000
C) 3000
A) GPS
B) Teledesic
C) Iridium
A) equatorial
B) polar
C) inclined
Q197. A GEO is at the ________ orbit and revolves in phase with Earth.
A) equatorial
B) polar
C) inclined
A) GEO
B) MEO
C) LEO
Q199. ________ satellites provide time and location information for vehicles and ships.
A) GPS
B) Iridium
C) Teledesic
A) GEO
B) MEO
C) LEO
Q201. ________ Satellites can provide direct universal voice and data communications for handheld
terminals.
A) GPS
B) Iridium
C) Teledesic
A) GEO
B) MEO
C) LEO
A) GPS
B) Iridium
C) Teledesic
A) The payload refers to the equipment used to pro-vide the service for which the satellite has been
launched.
B) Satellites can provide direct universal voice and data communications for handheld terminals.
C) data communications
A) The payload refers to the equipment used to pro-vide the service for which the satellite has been
launched.
B) The bus refers not only to the vehicle which carries the payload but also to the various subsystems
which provide the power, attitude control, orbital control, thermal control, and command and
telemetry functions required to service the payload.
C) data communications
Q206. The primary electrical power for operating the electronic equipment in satellite is obtained from:
A) The payload refers to the equipment used to pro-vide the service for which the satellite has been
launched.
B) The bus refers not only to the vehicle which carries the payload.
C) solar cells
(c) 940 W, 70 W
Q207. During eclipse, power is provided by two nickel-cadmium (Ni-Cd) long-life batteries, which
will deliver _______.
(a) 800 W
(b) 830 W
(c) 880 W
Q208. At the end of life, battery recharge time is less than ________.
(a) 200h
(b) 700h
(c) 16h
(a) 2 to 4 kW
(b) 1 to 1.4 kW
(c) 2 to 6 kW
(b) To detect the rim of the earth against the background of space.
(b) Passive attitude control refers to the use of mechanisms which stabilize the satellite without
putting a drain on the satellite’s energy supplies.
(b) With active atti-tude control, there is no overall stabilizing torque present to resist the
disturbance torques.
(a) The INTELSAT VI satellite used heaters to maintain propulsion thrusters and line
temperatures.
(b) With active atti-tude control, there is no overall stabilizing torque present to resist the disturbance
torques.
(b) With active attitude control, there is no overall stabilizing torque present to resist the disturbance
torques.
Q219. In The comparatively large satellite receiving dishes [ranging in diame-ter from about 1.83 m (6 ft)
to about 3-m (10 ft) in some locations], which may be seen in some “_______” are used to receive
downlink TV signals.
.
(a) Backyards
(b) With active attitude control, there is no overall stabilizing torque present to resist the disturbance
torques.
Q220. In The comparatively large satellite receiving dishes [ranging in diame-ter from about 1.83 m (6 ft)
to about 3-m (10 ft) in some locations], which may be seen in some “_______” are used to receive
downlink TV signals at _________.
.
(a) Backyards, C-band
(b) With active attitude control, there is no overall stabilizing torque present to resist the disturbance
torques.
Q221. One of the advantages claimed by sellers of ______ equipment for home reception is that there is
no loss of quality compared with the compressed digital signals.
(a) C-band
(b) Ka band
Q222. The most widely advertised receiving system for C-band system appears to be 4DTV manufactured
by Motorola. This enables reception of:
(b) With active attitude control, there is no overall stabilizing torque present to resist the disturbance
torques.
(d) a and c.
Q223. The most widely advertised receiving system for C-band system appears to be 4DTV manufactured
by Motorola. This enables reception of:
Q224. VideoCipher is the brand name for the equipment used to ________.
(b) With active attitude control, there is no overall stabilizing torque present to resist the disturbance
torques.
Q225. The major difference between the Ku-band and the C-band receive-only systems lie in the
frequency of operation of ________.
Q226. The major difference between the Ku-band and the C-band that satellites intended for DBS have
much ________.
Q227. The signal fed to the indoor unit is normally a wideband signal covering the range ________.
(c) 12-GHz
Q229. A major difference between DBS TV and conventional TV is that with DBS, FM is used, whereas
with con-ventional TV, AM in the form of _______is used.
Q231. A master antenna TV(MATV) system is used to provide reception of DBS TV/FM channels to a
small group of users, for example_____________.
(b) With attitude control, there is no overall stabilizing torque present to resist the disturbance torques.
Q232. A master antenna TV(MATV) system is used to provide reception of __________to a small group
of users, for example to the tenants in an apartment building.
(b) FM channels
(c) The Ku (12-GHz) band
Q234. The CATV system employs a single_________, with separate feeds available for each sense of
polarization.
(c) TV unit
Q235. In remote areas where a cable distribution system may not be installed, the signal can be
rebroadcast from____________.
(c) TV transmitter
Q236. With the CATV system, local programming material also may be distributed to subscribers, an
option which is _________in the MATV system.
(b) Permitted
(c) Transmitted
(a) Digital TV
(b) Double TV
(c) Analog TV
Q241. The orbital spacing is ______ for the high-power satellites, so adjacent satellite interference is
considered nonexistent.
(a) 18°
(b) 9°
(c) 27°
(d) None of these
Q242. A satellite may carry ______ transponders.
(a) 32
(b) 41
(c) 24
Q243. If all 32 transponders are in use, each will operate at the lower power rating of__________.
(a) 12 W
(b) 120 W
(c) 1200 W
(c) same
Q245. By doubling up the high-power amplifiers, the number of transponders is reduced by half to 16, but
each transponder operates at____________.
(c) Same
Q246. The frequencies for direct broadcast satellites vary from region to region throughout the world,
although these are generally in the_____________.
(a) Ku band
(b) Ka band
(c) C-band
(d) None of these
Q247. The primary use of which is for DBS, the uplink frequency range is_________, and the downlink
range is 12.2 to 12.7 GHz.
Q248. The primary use of these satellites, however, is for point-to-point applications, with an allowed
additional use in the__________.
(c) Satellite
Q249. The total of 32 transponders requires the use of both right-hand circular polarization (RHCP) and
left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) in order to permit_______, and guard bands are inserted between
channels of a given polarization.
Q252. The bit rate for digital television depends very much on the___________.
Q253. Using the HDTV format having a pixel count per frame of _____and a refresh rate of 30 frames
per second
Q254. In the broadcast raster for studio-quality television, when digitized according to the international
CCIR-601 television standard, requires a bit rate of___________.
(b) 26 Mb/s
Q255. Single DBS transponder has to carry somewhere between ___________TV programs to be
commercially viable.
Q258. As a first or preprocessing step, the analog outputs from the red (R), green (G), and blue (B) color
cameras are converted to________.
(a) A luminance component (Y) and two chrominance components (Cr) and (Cb)
(b) Two luminance component (Y) and (Cb) and one chrominance components (Cr)
(c) a&b
(a) The Cb and Cr signals are sampled at half the rate of the Y signal component.
(b) The Cb and Cr signals are sampled at double the rate of the Y signal component.
(c) a&b
(d) None of these
Q262. 4:2:0 sampling means that______.
(a) Cb and Cr are sampled at half the Y sampling rate, but they are sampled only on alternate scan
lines.
(b) Cb and Cr are sampled at double the Y sampling rate, but they are sampled only on alternate scan
lines.
(c) Cb and Cr are sampled at full the Y sampling rate, but they are sampled only on alternate scan lines.
(a) 16 * 16 pixels
(b) 8 * 8 pixels
(c) 2 * 2 pixels
(a) MPEG-4 provides many features not present with other compression schemes, such as interactivity for
viewers, where objects within a scene can be manipulated.
(b) MPEG-4 provides the major advantage is the reduction in bit rate offered in satellite television.
(c) a&b
Q266. MPEG-4 provides the major advantage is the ________in bit rate offered in satellite television.
(a) Reduction
(b)Increment
(c) double
(d) None of these
Q267. ODU stands as_____.
Q269. Because of the highly compressed nature of the DBS signal, there is little ___________in the
information being transmitted, and bit errors affect the signal much more severely than they would in a
noncom-pressed bit stream.
(a) Redundancy
(b) Disturbance
(c) Noise
Q270. In Because of the highly compressed nature of the DBS signal, there is little redundancy in the
information being transmitted, and bit errors affect the signal much ____severely than they would in a
non-compressed bit stream.
(a) More
(b) Less
(c) Same
(a) Increase
(b) Decrease
(c) Same
Q272. The IDU must be able to receive any of the 32 transponders, although only _____ of these will be
available for a single polarization.
(a) 16
(b) 8
(c) 24
Q273. The main factor governing performance of a DBS system will be the [Eb/N0] of the______.
(a) Uplink
(b) Downlink
(c) Up-downlink
Q275. DirecTV plans to use _________in its HDTV satellite broadcasts and all HDTV services in Europe
are expected to use this rather than the MPEG-2.
(a) H.264/AVC
(b) H.24/AVC
(c) H.64/AVC
Q277. The familiar direct view cathode ray tube (CRT) used for analog TV is _____of displaying HDTV.
(b) Capable
(c) Accept
Q279. Plasma displays are made up of tiny______________. The video signal stimulates a gas inside the
cells, which impacts the phosphors causing them to glow.
Q280. DLP displays utilize a digital micro-mirror device (DMD) invented by_______.
(b) IBM
(c) STMicroelectronics
Q281. The DMD contains approximately_________, each micro-mirror representing one pixel. The
micro-mirrors can be mechanically pivoted up to 5000 times a second, the pivoting being activated by the
video signal.
Q282. For NTSC analog TV, (see Sec. 9.5) Lact=483, L=525,a= 4/3, F lfb = 1.19 and F =30. With K =0.7.
Calculate the highest video frequency.
Q283. Calculate the highest video frequency for HDTV 1080i. Assume a Kell factor of 0.7.
Q285. The basic structure of a VSAT network consists of a hub station which provides a broadcast
facility to all the VSATs in the network and the VSATs themselves which access the satellite in some
form of___________.
(a) Multiple-access mode
(b) Multiplexing
(c) Channel
Q286. ____________is the normal downlink mode of transmission from hub to the VSATs, and the
transmission can be broadcast for reception by all the VSATs in a network, or address coding can be used
to direct messages to selected VSATs.
Q287. The most popular access method is________, which allows the use of comparatively low-power
VSAT terminals
(a) FDMA
(b) TDMA
(c) CDMA
(a) FDMA
(b) TDMA
Q289. DAMA can be used with FDMA as well as TDMA, but the disadvantage of the method is that a
______________through which the VSATs can make requests for channel allocation.
Q290. Most VSAT systems operate in the ________, although there are some C-band systems in
existence.
(a) Ka band
(b) Ku band
(c) L- band
Q292. In the GPS system, a constellation of 24 satellites circles the earth in near-circular________.
(a) GEO
(b) MEO
Q293. The GPS system uses_____________, from satellites to users, so that the user does not require a
transmitter, only a GPS receiver.
Q294. The GPS system uses one-way transmissions, from satellites to users, so that the user_________.
(d) a & c
Q295. The Orbital Communications Corporation (Orbcomm) system is a___________, which provides
two-way message and data communications services and position determination.
Q296. The Orbital Communications Corporation (Orbcomm) system is a LEO satellite system, which
provides __________message and data communications services and position determination.
(a) Two-way
(b) One-way
(c) Half-way
Q297. The Asian Cellular System, or AceS, utilizes one _________covering the Asia Pacific area, an area
of over 11 million square miles.
(a) MPEG-1
(b) MPEG-2
(c) MPEG-4