Tutorial Sheets

DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CET

Ist YEAR B Tech 2007-08
Subject : ENGG. PHYSICS Code : 104
Unit Name : Coherence, Young’s Double Slit

Tutorial Sheet No : 1 Topic : ………………………………….

Name of Student …………………………….. Date of Submission : ………………….

Tutori
al Q.1 What is coherence? Explain temporal and spatial coherence.
class
questi
ons
(20 Q.2 State the Principle of Superposition.
MT)

Home
Assig
nment Q.1 The spectral spread of a laser light 6943Å is 0.0001Å. Calculate spectral purity factor,
s
coherence length and coherence time.
(Max.
time
2 hrs.)
Q.2 If the coherence length of a laser source is 100cm and the wavelength used in it is
6328Å; calculate the bandwidth and frequency spread.

Q.3 Discuss the interference of waves by two synchronous sources, hence find (i) the
expression for the fringe shift. (ii) The intensity distribution in fringes.

Other
Impor Q.1 Two narrow and parallel slits 0.08 cm apart are illuminated by light of frequency 6x10-4
tant KHz. It is desired to have a fringe width of 6x10-4 m. Where the screen should be
Questi placed from the slits?
ons
Q.2 In a biprism experiment, the obtuse angle of the biprism is 178° and μ = 1.524. If slit to
biprism distance is 5.0 cm and biprism to screen is 65.0 cm, calculate the fringe width
for light of wavelength λ = 5893 Å.

Q.3 In an interference pattern, at a point we observe 12th order maximum for λ1 = 6000 Å.
What order will be visible here if the source is replace by light of wavelength λ2 = 4800
Å?

Note : 1. Every student must have the tutorial sheets with them when attending tutorial classes.
2. Students must have separate loose sheet or a separate test copy with them as specified.

The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.
 Tutorial Sheets
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CET
Ist YEAR B Tech 2007-08
Subject : ENGG. PHYSICS Code : 104
Unit Name : Fresnel’s Biprism, Thin Film

Tutorial Sheet No : 2 Topic : ………………………………….

Name of Student …………………………….. Date of Submission : ………………….

Tutori
al Q.1 How shall you measure thickness of thin silicon chip using Biprism experiment?
class
questi
ons
(20 Q.2 Why a thin film illuminated with white light exhibits many colours?.
MT)

Home
Assig
nment Q.1 Prove that for thin films, the interference patterns in reflected and transmitted light are
s
complementary.
(Max.
time
2 hrs.)
Q.2 Illustrate the formation of interference fringes in fresnel’s biprism. Show how would
you use this to determine the wavelength of monochromatic light?

Othe
r Q.1 In a biprism experiment, an interference pattern is seen on the screen placed at a distance
Impo of 1m from slits. The distance between the slits is 0.5mm. A thin glass plate of thickness
rtant 1.5 μm and refractive index μ = 1.5 is placed between one of the slits. Find the lateral
Quest shift of the central maximum. Also find the intensity at the center of the screen.
ions Wavelength of light used is 5000 Å.

Q.2 In a biprism experiment the micrometer readings of zero order fringe and tenth order
fringe are 2.37mm and 3.55mm resp. Wavelength of light used is 5890 Å. Determine (i)
The position of zeroth and 10th order fringe when λ changes to 7500 Å. (ii) The position
of zeroth order fringe when mica sheet of thickness 0.02mm and μ = 1.5 is introduced to
cover half of the prism.

Note : 1. Every student must have the tutorial sheets with them when attending tutorial classes.
2. Students must have separate loose sheet or a separate test copy with them as specified.

The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.
 Tutorial Sheets
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CET
Ist YEAR B Tech 2007-08
Subject : ENGG. PHYSICS Code : 104
Unit Name : Newton’s Ring

Tutorial Sheet No : 3 Topic : ………………………………….

Name of Student …………………………….. Date of Submission : ………………….

Tutori
al
class
questi
ons
(20 Q.1 Why circular fringes are formed in Newton’s rings arrangement?
MT)
Q.2 Discuss why central rings are broad and peripheral rings are closer in Newton’s rings
experiment.

Home
Assig
nment Q.1 Give theory of Newton’s rings? How they used to find (i) wavelength of light (ii)
s
refractive index of liquid.
(Max.
time
2 hrs.)
Q.2 Explain what happens to Newton’s when (i) the lower glass plate is rough and not plane
(ii) The lens is not in contact with the glass plate (iii) Some oil is placed between the
glass plate and lens.

Othe
r
Impo
rtant Q.1. In a Newton’s rings experiment, the diameter of nth and (n+8)th rings were 4.2mm and
Quest 7.0mm. If the radius of curvature of the lens is 2m, then find the wavelength of light
ions used.

Q.2 In a Newton’s ring experiment the diameter of the 10 th bright ring changes from 1.40cm
to 1.27cm. When a liquid is introduce between the plate and the lens. Calculate the
refractive index of the liquid.

Note : 1. Every student must have the tutorial sheets with them when attending tutorial classes.
2. Students must have separate loose sheet or a separate test copy with them as specified.

The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.
 Tutorial Sheets
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CET
Ist YEAR B Tech 2007-08
Subject : ENGG. PHYSICS Code : 104
Unit Name : Michelson Interferometer

Tutorial Sheet No : 4 Topic : ………………………………….

Name of Student …………………………….. Date of Submission : ………………….

Tutori
al
class
questi
ons
(20 Q.1 Draw labeled diagram of Michelson’s Interferometer.
MT)
Q.2 Discuss circular fringes obtained in Michelson Interferometer and compare them with
Newton’s rings.

Home
Assig
nment Q.1 Describe the construction and working of Michelson Interferometer. How would you use
s
it to measure the wavelength of the monochromatic light?
(Max.
time
2 hrs.)
Q.2 Discuss the important application of the Michelson’s Interferometer.

Othe
r Q.1 In Michelson’s Interferometer when the mirror is displaced through a distance of 2.948 x
Impo 10-5m; 100 fringes cross the field of view. Determine the wavelength of light used in this
rtant experiment.
Quest
ions Q.2 In Michelson’s Interferometer experiment, the distance moved by the moveable mirror
between two consecutive positions of maximum distinctness is 0.2945mm. If the mean
wavelength of the two component of the D-line is 5893Å. Determine the difference
between the wavelengths.

Note : 1. Every student must have the tutorial sheets with them when attending tutorial classes.
2. Students must have separate loose sheet or a separate test copy with them as specified.

The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.
 Tutorial Sheets
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CET
Ist YEAR B Tech 2007-08
Subject : ENGG. PHYSICS Code : 104
Unit Name : Wave Mech. (Sch eq”)

Tutorial Sheet No : 10 Topic : ………………………………….

Name of Student …………………………….. Date of Submission : ………………….

Tutori
al
class
questi
ons
(20 Q.1 On the basis of uncertainty principle shows that the electron cannot exist inside the
MT) nucleus of an atom. Does the same argument apply to the proton? Explain.

Q.2 What is the physical significance of the wave function?.

Home
Assig Q.1 State Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle and illustrate it’s validity by any thought
nment Experiment.
s
(Max. Q.2 State the energy time uncertainty principle and explain the natural width of spectral line.
time
2 hrs.) Q.3 Derive Schrodinger time independent wave equation for free and bound particle and give
it’s physical interpretation?

Othe
r Q.1 What is the uncertainty in the location of a photon if its wavelength of 5000 Å is known
Impo to an accuracy of one part in 107 ?
rtant
Quest Q.2 An electron has a speed of 300m/s, accurate to 0.01%. With what fundamental accuracy
ions can we locate the position of the electron?

Q.3 The velocity of (i) an electron (ii) a proton is 10 6 m/s and the fundamental error in its
measurement is 0.01%. Calculate the fundamental error in the measurement of its
position? Given mass of electron = 9.1* 10-31 kg. And mass of proton = 1.67* 10-27kg.

Note : 1. Every student must have the tutorial sheets with them when attending tutorial classes.
2. Students must have separate loose sheet or a separate test copy with them as specified.

The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.
 Tutorial Sheets
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CET
Ist YEAR B Tech 2007-08
Subject : ENGG. PHYSICS Code : 104
Unit Name : 1-D, 3-D Potential Barrier

Tutorial Sheet No : 11 Topic : ………………………………….

Name of Student …………………………….. Date of Submission : ………………….

Tutori
al
class
questi Q.1 Explain the following :
ons (i) Hamiltonian
(20 (ii) Expectation value
MT) (iii) Normalized and orthogonalized wave function

Q.2 Write down Schrodinger equation for a free particle of mass m trapped in 1-D box of
side ‘a’ Solve it for energy eigen value and eigen function.

Home
Assig Q.1 Modify 1-D Schrodinger equation in 3-D cubical box of side ‘a’ and hence explain the
nment term degeneracy?
s
(Max. Find lowest energy of the following states :
time (i) Double degenerate
2 hrs.) (ii) Triply degenerate
(iii) 6-fold degenerate for 3-D cubical box

Q.2 What is tunnel effect? For potential barrier problem find out the transmission coefficient
of a particle having less energy than the height of potential Barrier?

Othe
r Q.1 A particle is moving in a 1-D box of infinite height of width 10Å at the center of the
Impo box, when it is in its state of least energy?
rtant
Quest Q.2 In a long chain organic molecule of length 5Å electron may be treated as free to move
ions along the length. Deduce the zero point energy and the energy gap between the 1 st two
energy state of the electron and also the wave length of absorption line arising from this
transition?

Q.3 Calculate the lowest energy of an electron confined in a cubical box of side 1Å each.

Note : 1. Every student must have the tutorial sheets with them when attending tutorial classes.
2. Students must have separate loose sheet or a separate test copy with them as specified.

The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.
 Tutorial Sheets
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CET
Ist YEAR B Tech 2007-08
Subject : ENGG. PHYSICS Code : 104
Unit Name : WAVE MECH.(Density of state, Fermi State)

Tutorial Sheet No : 12 Topic : ………………………………….

Name of Student …………………………….. Date of Submission : ………………….

Tutori
al
class
questi
ons
(20 Q.1 What is density of states in metals? Derive an expression for the density of energy states
MT) and hence Fermi energy of metals?

Q.2 What you mean by Fermi energy, Explain it’s importance?

Home
Assig
nment
s Q.1 Calculate Fermi energy in Cu assuming that each Cu atom contribute 1 electron to the
(Max. electron gas? Given density of Cu = 8.94*103 Kg/m3 atomic mass is 63.5u.
time
2 hrs.) Q.3 There are 2.54x 1022 free electron per cm3 in Na. Calculate Fermi energy, Fermi velocity
and Fermi temp?

Othe
r
Impo
rtant
Quest
ions Q.1 The Fermi energy for Li is 4.72 eV at T=0K. Calculate the no. of conduction electron
per unit vol. In Li.?

Note : 1. Every student must have the tutorial sheets with them when attending tutorial classes.
2. Students must have separate loose sheet or a separate test copy with them as specified.

The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.
 Tutorial Sheets
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CET
Ist YEAR B Tech 2007-08
Subject : ENGG. PHYSICS Code : 104
Unit Name : Polarization

Tutorial Sheet No : 13 Topic : ………………………………….

Name of Student …………………………….. Date of Submission : ………………….

Tutori
al
class
questi
ons
(20 Q.1 What is polarization? How the polarized light can be differentiated from ordinary light?
MT)
Q.2 Explain how would you produced plane polarized light by refraction through a pile of
plates.

Home
Assig
Q.1 Explain the term :
nment (i) Polarized light
s (ii) Plane polarized
(Max. (iii) Plane of Vibration
time (iv) Optic axis
2 hrs.) (v) Principle plane
Q.2 Give various methods for producing plane polarized light?
Q.3 State Brewster’s Law and use it to prove that when light is incident on a transparent plate
at the polarizing angle, the refracted and reflected ray is at right angle to each other.
How it can be used to produce plane polarized light.
Q.4 State and explain the law of Malus.
Othe Q.1 A ray of light is incident on the surface of a glass plate at the polarizing angle.
r
Impo Q.2 Find the polarizing angle for the light incident from (i) Air to glass (ii) Glass to air (iii)
rtant Water to glass (iv) Glass to water (v) Water to air.
Quest Q.3 Two polarizing sheets have their polarizing direction parallel so that the intensity of
ions transmitted light is maximum, through what angle must either sheet be turn so that the
intensity become one half of initial value.
Q.4 The critical angle for certain wavelength of light in the case of glass is 40. Find the
polarizing angle for glass.
Q.5 Two nicol prisms are arrange so that the amount of light transmitted through them is
maximum. What will be the %age reduction in the intensity of incident light when
analyzer is rotate through 30º to 45º.

Note : 1. Every student must have the tutorial sheets with them when attending tutorial classes.
2. Students must have separate loose sheet or a separate test copy with them as specified.

The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.
 Tutorial Sheets
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CET
Ist YEAR B Tech 2007-08
Subject : ENGG. PHYSICS Code : 104
Unit Name : Polarization

Tutorial Sheet No : 14 Topic : ………………………………….

Name of Student …………………………….. Date of Submission : ………………….

Tutori
al Q.1 Explain the phenomena of Double refraction.
class
questi Q.2 What does you mean by quarter wave plate and half wave plate? How will you distinguish
ons between them?
(20
MT)

Home
Assig Q.1 Describe the construction and working of nicol prism. Explain it’s working as polarizer
nment and analyzer. Can a similar quartz plate serve the same purpose?
s
(Max. Q.2 Explain the meaning of plane polarized, circularly polarized and elliptically polarized
time light? Prove that plane and circular light are the special case of EPL.
2 hrs.)
Q.3 How would you produce and detect PPL CPL EPL? How would you distinguish CPL
from unpolarized light, EPL from a mixture of PPL? Also give the theory of Instrument
used for the same.

Q.4 What will be the state of polarization of the emergent when :

i) A beam of CPL is passed through a QWP.
ii) A beam of PPL is passed through a QWP.
iii)A beam of EPL is passed through QWP.
iv)A beam of PPL is passed through a QWP such that the vibration of PPL is falling
on the QWP make an angle of 45º with its optic axis.

CONTD..2..

..2..
Othe
r
Impo Q.1 A partially polarized light beam is passed through a nicol prism. In 90º rotation of nicol
rtant prism, the intensity changes from I(m) to 0.31(m). Find the degree of polarization.
Quest
ions Q.2 Calculate the thickness of a double refracting crystal required to introduce a path
difference of λ /2 bet. O-rays and E-rays, when λ = 6000A, μ(o) = 1.55 and μ(e) = 1.54.

Q.3 A beam of linearly polarized light is changed into CPL by passing it through a sliced
crystal of thickness 0.003 cm. Calculate the difference in refractive indices of the two
rays in the crystal assuming this to be minimum thickness that will produce the effect.
The wavelength of light is used is 6 x 10-7m.

Q.4 The faces of quartz plate are parallel to the optic axis of the crystal.
i) What is the thinnest possible plate that would serve to put the O-ray and E-ray of λ
= 5890A a half wave apart on their exit.
ii) What multiple of this thickness would give the same result?
μ(o) = 1.544 and μ(e) = 1.553 for quartz.

Q.3 A phase retardation plate of quartz has thickness 0.1436mm for what wavelengths in the
visible region will it act as 1. QWP 2. HWP.

Note : 1. Every student must have the tutorial sheets with them when attending tutorial classes.
2. Students must have separate loose sheet or a separate test copy with them as specified.

The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.
 Tutorial Sheets
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CET
Ist YEAR B Tech 2007-08
Subject : ENGG. PHYSICS Code : 104
Unit Name : Polarization

Tutorial Sheet No : 15 Topic : ………………………………….

Name of Student …………………………….. Date of Submission : ………………….

First
20
min.
class
questi
on Q.1 What is optical rotation? Explain the term laevorotatory and dextro-rotatory..
(write Q.2 What is Laurent’s half shade and Biquartz Plate.
answe
r on
loose
sheet)

2 hrs. Q.1 What is optical activity? Mention the law of optical rotation?
solvab
le Q.2 How will you differentiate between PPPL, EPL and mixture of UPL and CPL?
home Q.3 Define specific rotation. Describe the construction and working of a Laurentz half shade
work polarimeter to determine optical rotation.
questi
on Q.4 Explain the working of Biquartz polarimeter. How would you use it to find the specific
rotation of any optically active substance?

Other Q.1 A 20cm long tube containing sugar solution is placed between crossed Nichol and
Impor illuminated by light of wavelength = 6000 Å. If the specific rotation is 60 and optical
tant rotation is 12º, what is the strength of solution?
Questi
ons Q.2 Calculate the specific rotation of solution, when :
(i) Length of tube is 20cm
(ii) Vol. = 120cm3
(iii) Quantity of sugar – 6 gm
(iv) Angle of rotation of the analyzer for restoring equal intensity = 6.6º
Q.3 A 200cm tube containing 48cm3 of sugar sol. Produces an optical rotation of 11 when
placed in a sacchaerimeter. If the specific rotation of solution is 66, calculate the
quantity o sugar in tube.
Q.4 If 20cm length of certain sol. Causes right-handed rotation of 42º and 30 cm of sol.
Causes left handed rotation 27º, what rotation will be caused by 30cm length of a
mixture of the above solution in the volume ratio of 1:2.
Q.5 The μ of quartz for left and right handed circularly polarized light propagate along the
optic axis are 1.54420 and1.54427 the wavelength of Na light –6x10-5cm.

Note : 1. Every student must have the tutorial sheets with them when attending tutorial classes.
2. Students must have separate loose sheet or a separate test copy with them as specified.

The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.
 Tutorial Sheets
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS CET
st
I YEAR B Tech 2007-08
Subject : ENGG. PHYSICS Code : 104
Unit Name : LASER

Tutorial Sheet No : 16 Topic : ………………………………….

Name of Student …………………………….. Date of Submission : ………………….

First
20
min.
class
quest
ion Q.1 Explain the term population inversion and optical pumping. How can this be achieved in
(writ Ruby laser?
e
Q.2 Give briefly the requirements for holography. What advantage does hologram possess
answ
over an ordinary photograph?
er on
loose
sheet)
2 hrs.
solva Q.1 Describe a Ruby Laser and explain its working showing its effective energy levels?
ble
home Q.2 What is essential requirements to produce a laser. Describe with neat sketch how are
work these fulfilled in He-Ne Laser?
quest
ion Q.3 Describe the method of recording the hologram and reconstruction of image from it?

Q.4 Give elementary idea of optical fiber and obtain an expression for the numerical aperture
of a step index fiber.

Othe
r Q.1 Explain the term absorption, spontaneous emission and stimulated emission and derive a
Impo relation between Einstein’s coefficients?
rtant
Quest Q.2 Mention difference between spontaneous emission and induce emission. Does laser
ions action depends on them?

Q.3 Give construction of optical fiber and discuss the phenomenon on which it work for
guided transmission?

Q.4 A typical optical fiber (n=1.5) with cluding (n=1.4) is used in a water (n=1.33)
environment determine
(i) The numerical aperture
(ii) The max. Acceptance angle

Note : 1. Every student must have the tutorial sheets with them when attending tutorial classes.
2. Students must have separate loose sheet or a separate test copy with them as specified.
The only place where success comes before work is in the dictionary.