Science 10 Las 4-1

SCIENCE 10
LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)

QUARTER 4 -1: GAS LAWS AND KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY
Name: ____________________________________ Grade Level &Section: Grade 10___________

Science Teacher: ___________________________ Parent/Guardian Signature: _______________
MELCS: Investigate the relationship between: (S10MT-IIj-20)
1 volume and pressure at constant temperature of a gas
2 volume and temperature at constant pressure of a gas
3 explains these relationships using the kinetic molecular theory
BOYLE’S LAW
The relationship between the volume and pressure of gases at constant temperature was first stated by Robert Boyle
during the 16th century. He performed an experiment wherein he trapped a fixed amount of air in the J-tube, he changed the
pressure and controlled the temperature and then, he observed its effect to the volume of the air inside the J-tube. He found
out that as the pressure is increased, the volume decreases. He finally concluded that the volume of a fixed amount of gas is
inversely proportional to its pressure at constant temperature.
Gas particles have a very weak intermolecular force of attraction; hence they move as far as possible from each other.
They have the tendency to occupy all the spaces they are contained in. If the pressure is increased, the volume will be
decreased forcing the gas particles to move closer to one another. The Boyle’s Law equation can be expressed like this:
Where:
V=volume, P=pressure
How will you read the above sited graph? It is read as: The volume of a gas is inversely proportional to its pressure, if
temperature and amount of a gas are held constant.
CHARLES’ LAW
The volume - temperature relationship in gases (k = V/T) was determined by and named after Jacques Charles. In
his experiment, Jacques Charles trapped a sample of gas in a cylinder with a movable piston in water bath at different
temperatures. Jacques Charles found out that different gases decreased their volume by factors 1/273 per °C of cooling. With
this rate of reduction, if gas will be cooled up to -273°C, it will have zero volume! Interesting, isn’t it? Charles’ Law states
that at constant pressure, the volume of a fixed amount of gas is directly proportional to the Kelvin (K) temperature.
Why is there a need to convert °C to K? Kelvin is the basic unit for measuring temperature in the International
System (SI). “It denotes the absolute temperature scale whereby 0K or absolute zero is defined as the temperature
when molecules will have the lowest energy.”
Where:
V=volume T=temperature
How will you read the above sited graph? It is read as: The volume of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, if
pressure and amount of a gas are held constant.
REMEMBER:
Volume units and their equivalents:

1 mL = 1 cm3 1 L = 1 dm3 1 m3 = 1000 L
Pressure units and their equivalents:

1 atm = 760 mm Hg = 76 cm Hg = 760 torr = 101325 Pa = 14.6956 psi
Sample Problems:
Boyle’s Law
A balloon with a volume of 2.0 L is filled with a gas at 3 atmospheres. If the pressure is reduced to 0.5 atmospheres
without a change in temperature, what would be the volume of the balloon?
Formula:
 PiVi = PfVf
Where:
Pi = initial pressure Vi = initial volume Pf = final pressure Vf = final volume
Solution:
To find the final volume, solve the equation for Vf:
Vf = PiVi/Pf
Vi = 2.0 L
Pi = 3 atm
Pf = 0.5 atm
Vf = (2.0 L) (3 atm) / (0.5 atm)
Vf = 6 L / 0.5 atm
Vf = 12 L
Answer
The volume of the balloon will expand to 12 L.
Charles’ Law
A 600 mL sample of nitrogen is heated from 27 °C to 77 °C at constant pressure. What is the final volume?
Formula:
 Vi/Ti = Vf/Tf
Where:
Vi and Ti is the initial volume and temperature Vf and Tf is the final volume and temperature
Solution:
T K = 273 + °C
Ti = initial temperature = 27 °C
Ti K = 273 + 27
Ti K = 300 K
Tf = final temperature = 77 °C
Tf K = 273 + 77
Tf K = 350 K
Solution:
Vf = ViTf/Ti
Enter the known values and solve for Vf.
Vf = (600 mL)(350 K)/(300 K)
Vf = 700 mL
Answer:
The final volume after heating will be 700 mL.
KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

The experimental observations about the behavior of gases discussed so far can be explained with a simple
theoretical model known as the kinetic molecular theory. This theory is based on the following postulates, or
assumptions.
1. Gases are composed of a large number of particles that behave like hard, spherical objects in a state of
constant, random motion.
2. These particles move in a straight line until they collide with another particle or the walls of the container.
3. These particles are much smaller than the distance between particles. Most of the volume of a gas is
therefore empty space.
4. There is no force of attraction between gas particles or between the particles and the walls of the container.
5. Collisions between gas particles or collisions with the walls of the container are perfectly elastic. None of
the energy of a gas particle is lost when it collides with another particle or with the walls of the container.
6. The average kinetic energy of a collection of gas particles depends on the temperature of the gas and
nothing else.
ACTIVITY 1:
Using Boyle’s Law, answer the following problems for a better grasp of the lesson. Show your solution.
1. Oxygen gas inside a 1.5 L gas tank has a pressure of 0.95 atm. Provided that the temperature remains
constant, how much pressure is needed to reduce its volume by ½?
2. A scuba diver needs a diving tank in order to provide breathing gas while he is underwater. How much
pressure is needed for 6.00 liters of gas at 1.01 atmospheric pressure to be compressed in a 3.00 liter
cylinder?
ACTIVITY 2:
Using Charles’ Law, answer the following problems for a better grasp of the lesson. Show your solution.
1. At 20°C, the volume of chlorine gas is 15 dm3. Compute for the resulting volume if the temperature is
adjusted to 318K provided that the pressure remains the same.
2. A tank (not rigid) contains 2.3 L of helium gas at 25°C. What will be the volume of the tank after heating
it and its content to 40°C temperature at constant pressure?
ACTIVITY 3:
Direction: Identify and underline the possible weakness or flaws in the postulates. Write TRUE if the postulate is
accurate and FALSE if the postulate is flawed.
Postulates
1. A gas consists of a collection of small particles traveling in straight line motion and obeying Newton’s Laws.
2. The molecules in a gas occupy negligible volume.
3. Collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic (that is, no energy is gained nor lost during the collision).
4. There are negligible, attractive, or repulsive forces between molecules.
5. The average kinetic energy of a molecule is constant.
Answers: 1. ____________, 2: _________________, 3. ___________, 4. ______________, 5. ______________
PERFORMANCE TASK 1:
Instruction: Complete the table with the necessary information. Plot the data from the table in a graph by placing
the volume in the x-axis and pressure in the y-axis.
DATA ON VOLUME-PRESSURE RELATIONSHIP

TRIAL VOLUME (L) PRESSURE (atm) (V)(P)
1 2.0 10.0
2 4.0 5.0
3 8.0 2.50
4 16.0 1.25
Based from the table, were you able to verify the meaning of proportionality constant? Explain.
PERFORMANCE TASK 2:
Instruction: Complete the table with the necessary information. Plot the data from the table in a graph by placing
the volume in the y-axis and the temperature at Kelvin Scale in the x-axis.
DATA ON VOLUME-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP

TRIAL VOLUME (mL) TEMPERATURE TEMPERATURE
O
( C) (K)
1 25 2
2 30 57
3 35 102
4 40 152
Is the result from this graph different from Performance Task 1 graph? How?
Sources/References:
DepEd. (2015) Science-Grade 10 Learner’s Materials Unit 4.
Retrieved April 25, 2021, from http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch4/kinetic4.html
Retrieved April 25, 2021, from https://www.thoughtco.com/charles-law-example-problem-607552
Retrieved April 25, 2021, https://www.thoughtco.com/boyles-law-example-problem-607551

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SCIENCE 10

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET (LAS)

Name: __________________________ Grade Level &Section: Grade 10_

Volume units and their equivalents:

Pressure units and their equivalents:

KINETIC MOLECULAR THEORY

Answers: 1. __, 2: _, 3. _, 4. , 5. ____

DATA ON VOLUME-PRESSURE RELATIONSHIP

DATA ON VOLUME-TEMPERATURE RELATIONSHIP

Retrieved April 25, 2021, from http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch4/kinetic4.html

Retrieved April 25, 2021, from https://www.thoughtco.com/charles-law-example-problem-607552

Retrieved April 25, 2021, https://www.thoughtco.com/boyles-law-example-problem-607551

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