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    Chapter 3 - Build Linear Functions and Models PDF

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    This document discusses analyzing climate change data and building linear models. It includes a table showing average global temperature changes from 1960-2020 compared to a baseline period. The document asks the reader to [1] create a scatter plot of the data and comment on correlations, [2] estimate residuals and outliers, [3] calculate the slope, [4] represent the data as an arithmetic sequence, [5] write a linear function, and [6] compare temperature changes over time. It then shows a graph of US temperature fluctuations from 1880-2020 with a smoothed trend line and asks the reader to [1] estimate a piecewise function to model the trendline from 1980-2020.

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    Chapter 3 - Build Linear Functions and Models PDF

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    74 views3 pages
    This document discusses analyzing climate change data and building linear models. It includes a table showing average global temperature changes from 1960-2020 compared to a baseline period. The document asks the reader to [1] create a scatter plot of the data and comment on correlations, [2] estimate residuals and outliers, [3] calculate the slope, [4] represent the data as an arithmetic sequence, [5] write a linear function, and [6] compare temperature changes over time. It then shows a graph of US temperature fluctuations from 1880-2020 with a smoothed trend line and asks the reader to [1] estimate a piecewise function to model the trendline from 1980-2020.

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    This document discusses analyzing climate change data and building linear models. It includes a table showing average global temperature changes from 1960-2020 compared to a baseline period. The document asks the reader to [1] create a scatter plot of the data and comment on correlations, [2] estimate residuals and outliers, [3] calculate the slope, [4] represent the data as an arithmetic sequence, [5] write a linear function, and [6] compare temperature changes over time. It then shows a graph of US temperature fluctuations from 1880-2020 with a smoothed trend line and asks the reader to [1] estimate a piecewise function to model the trendline from 1980-2020.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    74 views3 pages

    Chapter 3 - Build Linear Functions and Models PDF

    Uploaded by

    api-514709417
    This document discusses analyzing climate change data and building linear models. It includes a table showing average global temperature changes from 1960-2020 compared to a baseline period. The document asks the reader to [1] create a scatter plot of the data and comment on correlations, [2] estimate residuals and outliers, [3] calculate the slope, [4] represent the data as an arithmetic sequence, [5] write a linear function, and [6] compare temperature changes over time. It then shows a graph of US temperature fluctuations from 1880-2020 with a smoothed trend line and asks the reader to [1] estimate a piecewise function to model the trendline from 1980-2020.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
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    Chapter 3: Build Linear Functions and Models

    Trends of Climate Change

    Imagine you are a climate scientist examining


    data on changing global temperatures. Climate
    change is one of the most relevant
    conversations in our society today. As levels of
    greenhouse gases, most notably carbon
    dioxide, continue to rise in the atmosphere due
    in part to human activity, higher levels of heat
    from the sun remain trapped in the
    atmosphere. This "greenhouse effect"
    contributes to the potentially disastrous
    phenomenon of global warming, which some
    scientists believe began in the mid 1800's.

    __________________________________________________________________

    The data table below shows the average changes in global surface air temperatures from 1960-
    2020, compared to the average temperature from 1951-1980.

    1. To get a better idea of what the data means, create a scatter plot, including axis labels and a
    line of best fit. Comment on your graph. What observations do you have about the data and its
    significance? Is there a strong correlation among the data (and what type)? How well does your
    data fit your trend line?

    2. Estimate the two or three most significant residuals on your graph. Are there any major
    outliers? What might this tell you about the data and the progression of climate change?
    Chapter 3: Build Linear Functions and Models

    3. Estimate the slope of your trend line. What does this slope represent?

    4. Using the slope, and any point on your trend line, represent the data explicitly as an
    arithmetic sequence, an = a₁ + r(n−1) (with your starting point being a₁, and n increasing by one
    each year). Based on your predictions, about how much will the average global surface air
    temperature have changed by 2050?

    5. Write a linear function to represent the relationship between temperature change (C) and
    the number of years since 1960 (t). Based on this function, how much will the average global
    surface air temperature have changed by 2050? How does this estimate compare to the
    estimate given by the arithmetic sequence?

    6. Using the data points in the table, subtract the temperature change in 1960 from the
    temperature change in 2020. What does this value represent? Now, find the lengths of the
    individual line segments between each consecutive data point, and add these values together.
    What does this number represent, and how does it compare to the first value you calculated?

    ___________________________________________________________________

    The graph below shows the change in the annual mean temperate in the US from 1880-2020.
    As you can see, the data fluctuates considerably, and the red trend line represents a more
    accurate estimate of the changing climate than a linear trend line would. “Lowess smoothing”
    refers to a particular method of analyzing trends in the data (LOWESS stands for Locally
    Weighted Scatterplot Smoothing).
    Chapter 3: Build Linear Functions and Models

    1. Let's say we wanted to gain a better numerical understanding of the data. We could do this
    by writing a piecewise function, rather than a single linear function, to model the trend (this
    allows us to represent the graph in more detail). Using the graph above, estimate a piecewise
    function to describe the red regression line from 1980-2020 (the period with the clearest rise in
    temperature). Let t=0 represent the year 1980. Tip: use a straight edge to help you estimate y-
    values.

    Learn More:

    https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/
    https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/

    Image URLs:

    https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenhouse_effect

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