Design Example - Composite Beam

Sheet 1 of 7
Title Work Example: Composite beam design
Eurocode ref: EN1994-1-1
Example: Composite Beams
This example deals with composite beams with metal decking composite floor of multi-
storey building; simply supported and spanning 6.0m. The metal deck floor is designed
for unpropped construction; the typical cross section is shown in Figure 1.
The following distributed loads are applied to the beam.

• self-weight of the beam
• concrete slab
• imposed load
Partial factors
• γ = 1.35 (permanent loads)
G
• γ = 1.50 (variable loads)

Q
•γ = 1.0
M0
•γ = 1.0
M1
• γ = 1.25
V
• γ = 1.5
C
Basic data
Design a composite floor beam of a multi-storey building according to the data given
below. The beam is assumed to be unpropped during construction.
The profiled steel sheeting is transverse to the beam
• Span length : 6.0 m

• Bay width : 2.80 m
• Slab depth : 150 mm
2
• Partitions : 0.50 kN/m
2
• Imposed load : 5.0 kN/m
3
• Reinforced Concrete density : 25 kN/m
• Steel grade : S355
Sheet 2 of 7
Try 254x146x37 UB
Depth h = 256.0 mm
a
Width b = 146.4 mm
Web thickness t = 6.3 mm
w
Flange thickness t = 10.9 mm

f
Fillet r = 7.6 mm
Mass 37.0 kg/m
2
Section area A = 47.2 cm
a
4
Second moment of area /yy I = 5537 cm
y
3
Elastic modulus /yy W = 432.6 cm
el,y
3
Plastic modulus /yy W = 483.2 cm
pl.y
2
Modulus of elasticity of steel E = 210000 N/mm
a
Profiled steel sheeting

Thickness of sheet t = 0.9mm
Slab depth h = 150 mm
Overall depth of the profiled steel sheeting hp = 70 mm
Trough spacing = 300 mm
Connectors
Diameter d = 19 mm
Overall nominal height hsc= 100 mm
2
Ultimate tensile strength f = 450 N/mm
u
Number of shear connectors studs n = 6000 / 300 × 2= 40

Number of studs per rib nr = 2
Sheet 3 of 7
80
40
30
300
Concrete parameters : C 25/30

2
Value of the compressive strength at 28 days f = 25 N/mm
ck
2 EN1992
Secant modulus of elasticity of concrete E = 31476 N/mm -1-1
cm
Weight of the slabs = 3.1 kN/m2
Finishes = 1.2 kN/m2

-3
Self weight of the beam : (37× 9.81) × 10 =0.363 kN/m
Actions:
Permanent action:
gk = 3.1 (slabs) + 1.2 (finishes) + 0.36 = 4.66 kN/m2
gd = 4.66 × 1.35 = 6.29 kN/m2
Variable action:
qk = 5.0 (imposed) + 0.5 (partition) = 5.5 kN/m2
qd = 5.5 × 1.5 = 8.25 kN/m2
Bending moment:
MEd = 14.54 × 2.8 × 6.02 /8 = 183.2 kNm
Vertical shear:
VEd = 14.54 × 2.8 ×6.0 /2 = 122.14 kN/m
Yield strength
Steel grade S355
Sheet 4 of 7
2
The maximum thickness is 10.9 mm < 40 mm, so : f = 355 N/mm
y
Section classification :
235
The parameter ε is derived from the yield strength : ε = = 0.81
355
Outstand flange : flange under uniform compression
c = (b – t – 2 r) / 2 = (146.4 – 6.3 – 2 × 7.6)/2 = 62.45 mm EN1993
w
-1-1
c/t = 62.45 / 10.9 = 5.73 ≤ 9 ε = 7.29 Class 1
f
Internal compression part :

c = h – 2 t – 2 r = 256 – 2 × 10.9 – 2 × 7.6 = 219.0 mm
f
c / t = 219.0 / 6.3 = 34.76 < 72 ε = 58.32 Class 1

w
The class of the cross-section is the highest class (i.e the least favourable) between the
flange and the web, here : Class 1
So the ULS verifications should be based on the plastic resistance of the cross-section
since the Class is 1.
Effective width of concrete flange

At mid-span, the total effective width may be determined by :
beff ,1 = bo + ∑ bei
bo is the distance between the centres of the outstand shear connectors, here b = 100mm
0
b is the value of the effective width of the concrete flange on each side of the web and
ei
taken as b = L / 8 but ≤ b = 1.4 m
ei e i
b = 6.0 / 8 = 0.75 m, then b = 2 × 0.75 +0.1 = 1.60 m < 2.8 m

eff,1 eff
Design shear resistance of a headed stud

The shear resistance should be determined by :
hsc / d = 100/19 = 5.25 < 4.0 ∴α =1.0

Sheet 5 of 7
Reduction factor (k )
t
For sheeting with ribs transverse to the supporting beam, the reduction factor for shear
resistance is calculated by :
Where :
n =2 h = 70 mm
r p
b = 162 mm h = 100 mm
0 sc
0.7 162 ⎛ 100 ⎞

so, kt = × ⎜ − 1⎟ = 0.49 ≤ kt ,max = 0.7
2 70 ⎝ 70 ⎠
⎛ 0.8 × 450 × π × 19 2 / 4 0.29 × 1× 192 25 × 31476 ⎞

PRd = 0.49 × min⎜⎜ , ⎟ × 10 − 3
⎟
⎝ 1.25 1.25 ⎠
= 0.49 × min (81.66kN; 74.29kN)
PRd = 36.4 kN
Degree of shear connection

The degree of shear connection is defined by :
Nc
η=
N c ,f
Where :
N is the design value of the shear connectors force
c
N is the design value of the compressive normal force in the concrete flange with full
c,f
shear connection or tensile force in steel with full connection
At mid-span :
The compressive normal force in the concrete flange represents the total connection.
A is the cross-sectional area of concrete, so at mid-span A = b h
c c eff c
2
with h = h - h = 150 – 70 = 80 mm, A = 1600 × 80 = 128000 mm
c p c
Sheet 6 of 7
f ck 25
N c. f = 0.85 Ac = 0.85 × 128000 × × 10− 3 = 1813kN
γc 1.5
The design value of the normal force in the structural steel section is given by :
-3
N =A f /γ = 4720 × 355 × 10 / 1.0 = 1675 kN
pl,a a y M0
The resistance of the shear connectors limits the normal force to not more than :
N = 0.5 n P = 0.5 × 40× 36.4 = 728 kN
c Rd
Nc 728
η= = = 0.44
Nc ,f 1675
The ratio η is less than 1.0 so the connection is partial.
Calculating the Moment Capacity of the Composite Beam, MRd, comp

Minimum degree of shear connection
The minimum degree of shear connection for a steel section with equal flange is given
by:
⎛ 355 ⎞
ηmin = 1 − ⎜ ⎟(0.75 − 0.03 × 6.0 ) = 0.43 ≤ η ∴ok
⎝ 355 ⎠
Plastic Resistance Moment at mid span

The design value of the normal force in the structural steel section is given by :
-3
N =A f /γ = 4720 × 355 × 10 / 1.0 = 1675 kN
pl,a a y M0
So, N > N = η N = 728 kN

pl,a c c,f
Mpl,a,Rd = fyd Wpl,y = 355 × 483.2 ×10-3 = 171.5kNm
-3
N =A f /γ = 4720 × 355 × 10 / 1.0 = 1675 kN
pl,a a y M0
f ck 25
N c. f = 0.85 Ac × 10− 3 = 1813kN
= 0.85 × 128000 ×
γc 1.5
Therefore, plastic natural axis in concrete slabs, xc < hc
xc = 1675×103 / (0.85 × 1600 ×(25/1.5)) = 74 mm

Sheet 7 of 7
For full shear connection,
Mpl,Rd = Npl,a ×(ha/2 +h) – Npl,a × xc/2
Mpl,Rd = Npl,a (ha/2 +h - xc/2) = 1675 × (256/2 +150 – 74/2) = 403 kNm
The resistance of the shear connectors limits the normal force to not more than :
N = 0.5 n P = 0.5 × 40× 36.4 = 728 kN
c Rd
Nc 728
Therefore, η = = = 0.44
N c , f 1675
Partial shear connection,

Nc
MRd = M pl ,a,Rd + (M pl ,Rd − M pl ,a,Rd )
N c ,f
MRd = 171.5 + (403 – 171.5) × 0.44 = 273 kNm
M Ed 183.2
Therefore, = = 0.67 < 1.0 OK
M Rd 273

Design Example - Composite Beam

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design Example - Composite Beam

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Design Example - Composite Beam

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Sheet 1 of 7

Title Work Example: Composite beam design

Eurocode ref: EN1994-1-1

Example: Composite Beams

The following distributed loads are applied to the beam.

• γ = 1.50 (variable loads)

• Span length : 6.0 m

Eurocode ref: EN1994-1-1

Flange thickness t = 10.9 mm

Profiled steel sheeting

Number of shear connectors studs n = 6000 / 300 × 2= 40

Eurocode ref: EN1994-1-1

Concrete parameters : C 25/30

Weight of the slabs = 3.1 kN/m2

Finishes = 1.2 kN/m2

MEd = 14.54 × 2.8 × 6.02 /8 = 183.2 kNm

VEd = 14.54 × 2.8 ×6.0 /2 = 122.14 kN/m

Eurocode ref: EN1994-1-1

Internal compression part :

c / t = 219.0 / 6.3 = 34.76 < 72 ε = 58.32 Class 1

Effective width of concrete flange

b = 6.0 / 8 = 0.75 m, then b = 2 × 0.75 +0.1 = 1.60 m < 2.8 m

Design shear resistance of a headed stud

hsc / d = 100/19 = 5.25 < 4.0 ∴α =1.0

Eurocode ref: EN1994-1-1

0.7 162 ⎛ 100 ⎞

⎛ 0.8 × 450 × π × 19 2 / 4 0.29 × 1× 192 25 × 31476 ⎞

Degree of shear connection

Eurocode ref: EN1994-1-1

The ratio η is less than 1.0 so the connection is partial.

Calculating the Moment Capacity of the Composite Beam, MRd, comp

Plastic Resistance Moment at mid span

So, N > N = η N = 728 kN

Mpl,a,Rd = fyd Wpl,y = 355 × 483.2 ×10-3 = 171.5kNm

xc = 1675×103 / (0.85 × 1600 ×(25/1.5)) = 74 mm

Eurocode ref: EN1994-1-1

For full shear connection,

Mpl,Rd = Npl,a ×(ha/2 +h) – Npl,a × xc/2

Partial shear connection,

You might also like