Activity Worksheet

Jasper O.
Cañita BSN 1B
Activity Work Sheet
Health, Wellness, and Illness
Preliminary Reading (page 288 Kozier and Erb)

1. Define health:
- It is defined as the presence of the disease. Health as a state of being well and using every power the
individual possesses to the fullest extent Nightingale (1860/1869). The Constitution of World Health
Organization (WHO) defines health as “the state of complete physical, mental, and social well being
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. Therefore, for my understanding the meaning of
health is the state of a persons whether they are in a good or bad and it is important because we need
a good health for our performance in our daily living.
2. Define wellness:
- It is the state of well-being, there are seven factors that affects our wellness and they are
Environmental factors, social, emotional, physical, spiritual, intellectual and occupational. where in,
for me we should be strong and be healthy to improve our wellness.
3. Clinical model:
- It is used by the practitioners to focus on the relief of signs and symptoms of diseases and
elimination of malfunction and pain. The clinical model is the conventional model of the discipline
of medicine.
4. Agent Host Environmental Model:

- The triad consists of an external agent, a susceptible host, and an environment that brings
the host and agent together. In this model, disease results from the interaction between the agent and
the susceptible host in an environment that supports transmission of the agent from a source to
that host.
5. Travis Health and Illness Continuum:

- The Illness-Wellness Continuum proposes that individuals can move farther to the right, towards
greater health and wellbeing, passing through the stages of awareness, education, and growth.
Worsening states of health are reflected by signs, symptoms and disability. In addition, a person's
outlook can affect wellness.
6. Adaptive Model by Sister Calista Roy:

- Sr. Callista Roy’s Adaptation Model of Nursing was developed by Sister Callista Roy in 1976. The
prominent nursing theory aims to explain or define the provision of nursing. In her theory, Roy’s
model sees the individual as a set of interrelated systems that maintain a balance between these
various stimuli. The Adaptation Model of Callista Roy suggests the influence of multiple causes in a
situation, which is a strength when dealing with multi-faceted human beings. The sequence of
concepts in Roy’s model follows logically. In the presentation of each of the key concepts, there is
the recurring idea of adaptation to maintain integrity. Every concept was operationally defined. The
concepts of Roy’s model are stated in relatively simple terms. A major strength of the model is that
it guides nurses to use observation and interviewing skills in doing an individualized assessment of
each person. The concepts of Roy’s model are applicable within many practice settings of nursing.
7. Risk Factors:
- Something that increases the chance of developing a disease. Some examples of risk factors for
cancer are age, a family history of certain cancers, use of tobacco products, being exposed to
radiation or certain chemicals, infection with certain viruses or bacteria, and certain genetic changes.
8. Genetic or Physiological Factors:
- Although there are many possible causes of human disease, family history is often one of the
strongest risk factors for common disease complexes such as cancer, cardiovascular disease (CVD),
diabetes, autoimmune disorders, and psychiatric illnesses. A person inherits a complete set of genes
from each parent, as well as a vast array of cultural and socioeconomic experiences from his/her
family. Family history is thought to be a good predictor of an individual’s disease risk because
family members most closely represent the unique genomic and environmental interactions that an
individual experiences (Kardia et al., 2003). Inherited genetic variation within families clearly
contributes both directly and indirectly to the pathogenesis of disease
9. Age Risk Factor:
- With age, the disease burden increases. Interestingly, the same pathways that modulate longevity
affect the development of multiple, age-related pathologies. Ageing as a disease risk factor can be
thought of as the accrued effect of a finite number of evolutionarily conserved pathways.
10. Environmental:
- Environmental factors include temperature, food, pollutants, population density, sound, light, and
parasites. The diversity of environmental stresses that have been shown to cause an increase in
asymmetry is probably not exclusive; many other kinds of stress might provide similar effects.
11. Lifestyle:
- These diseases are often associated with genetic factors and other common, modifiable lifestyle
risks, including obesity, physical inactivity, unhealthy diet, tobacco smoking, risky alcohol
consumption, high blood pressure and high cholesterol. Such factors include - but are not limited to -
food, nutrients, energy intake, physical activity, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption,
behavioral factors (e.g. sleep, stress) and cultural factors.
12. Define illness:
- Is the highly personal state in which the persons physical, emotional, intellectual, social,
developmental or spiritual functioning is thought to be diminished, it is not a synonymous with
disease but may or may not related.
13. Explain the two-general classification of illness.
A. Acute Illness
- Acute diseases come on rapidly, and are accompanied by distinct symptoms that require urgent or
short-term care, and get better once they are treated. For example, a broken bone that might result
from a fall must be treated by a doctor and will heal in time. Examples of acute diseases include
appendicitis, acute leukemia, and strep throat. Some acute diseases do not require hospitalization or
medical treatments, such as influenza, whereas others, such as pneumonia and acute myocardial
infarction, may require medical attention and extended treatment.
B. Chronic Illness
- Chronic diseases are defined broadly as conditions that last 1 year or more and require ongoing
medical attention or limit activities of daily living or both. Chronic diseases such as heart disease,
cancer, and diabetes.
14. Give examples of the following variables that influence illness
A. Internal Variables
- If the illness disrupts their daily activities the patient is more likely to go for medical care. If the patient
thinks they are serious or lifethreatening they are more likely to come in. extreme changes in health such
as chest pains in the middle of the night can bring about an internal change.
B. External Variables
- visible symptoms of an illness, social groups that the patient belongs to, families, friends, etc.
15. Explain Suchman’s Stages of Illness:
- There are five identifiable stages of illness behaviour (suchman, 1972)
Stage 1: Symptom experiencePersons aware that something is wrongRecognizises physical limitation and
respond emotionally.Experiences symptoms as a signal that illness has began ( stds to distinguishsymptoms
from signsIf the problem is identified home remedies may be used or (off – counter drugs).
Stage 2: Assumption of the sick roleIf symptoms persist or become severe, client assumes “sick
role”Sickness becomes a social issue;Person seeks confirmation from their families and social groups that
they are indeedill.The person expects to be excused from normal duties and role expectations.Emotional
changes such as depression or withdrawal occursPerson adopts ‘sick role’ behaviour e.g. being relieved from
normal duties.Stage
3:Medical care contactPerson seeks help of health services when home remedy fails Professional health
care providers, validate the illness, explains symptoms andprovides appropriate treatment.Stage
4:“Dependent” client role-person depends on health care professionals for the relief of symptoms accepts
care,sympathy and protection from stresses of life by health professionals ( may be give sick off or
69hospitalization), confirmation of illness by health professionals is enough justification forbeing excepted
from their roles.Stage
5. Recovery / rehabilitationIs final stagePersons gives up dependencyGradually returns to normal roles and
functioning.Assumes duty and other societal responsibilities.Has fully completed medication and gone for
follow up at health facility to confirmtheir recovery

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Jasper O.

Preliminary Reading (page 288 Kozier and Erb)

4. Agent Host Environmental Model:

5. Travis Health and Illness Continuum:

6. Adaptive Model by Sister Calista Roy:

14. Give examples of the following variables that influence illness

15. Explain Suchman’s Stages of Illness:

- There are five identifiable stages of illness behaviour (suchman, 1972)

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