A Brief Table of Integrals

Basic Forms
xn + 1
1. k dx = kx + C (any number k) 2. xn dx = + C (n ≠ -1)
L L n + 1

x = ln 0 x 0 + C
dx
3. 4. ex dx = ex + C
L L
ax
5. ax dx = + C (a 7 0, a ≠ 1) 6. sin x dx = -cos x + C
L ln a L

7. cos x dx = sin x + C 8. sec2 x dx = tan x + C

L L

9. csc2 x dx = -cot x + C 10. sec x tan x dx = sec x + C

L L

11. csc x cot x dx = -csc x + C 12. tan x dx = ln 0 sec x 0 + C

L L

13. cot x dx = ln 0 sin x 0 + C 14. sinh x dx = cosh x + C

L L
dx x
15. cosh x dx = sinh x + C 16. = sin-1 a + C
L L 2a - x22

dx 1 x dx 1 x
17. = a tan-1 a + C 18. = a sec-1 2 a 2 + C
L a 2
+ x 2
L x 2x - a
2 2

dx x dx x
19. = sinh-1 a + C (a 7 0) 20. = cosh-1 a + C (x 7 a 7 0)
L 2a + x22
L 2x - a22

Forms Involving ax + b
(ax + b)n + 1
21. (ax + b)n dx = + C, n ≠ -1
L a(n + 1)
(ax + b)n + 1 ax + b
c d + C, n ≠ -1, -2
b
22. x(ax + b)n dx = -
L a2 n + 2 n + 1

(ax + b)-1 dx = a ln 0 ax + b 0 + C
1 x b
23. 24. x(ax + b)-1 dx = a - 2 ln  ax + b  + C
L L a

c ln 0 ax + b 0 + d + C
1 b dx 1 x 2
25. x(ax + b)-2 dx = 26. = ln 2 + C
L a 2 ax + b L x(ax + b) b ax + b

2 1 2ax + b 2
n+2

27. 1 2ax + b 2 dx = a
n
n + 2
+ C, n ≠ -2 28.
2ax + b
x dx = 2 2ax + b + b
dx
L L L x 2ax + b

T-1
T-2 A Brief Table of Integrals

ln ` ` + C
dx 1 2ax + b - 2b dx 2 ax - b
29. (a) = (b) = tan-1 + C
L x 2ax + b 2b 2ax + b + 2b L x 2ax - b 2b A b

2ax + b 2ax + b a dx dx 2ax + b a dx

30. dx = - + + C 31. = - - + C
L x2 x 2L x 2ax + b L x2 2ax + b bx 2bL x 2ax + b

Forms Involving a 2 + x 2
dx 1 x dx x 1 x
32. = a tan-1 a + C 33. = + 3 tan-1 a + C
L a 2
+ x 2
L (a + x )
2 2 2
2a2 ( a2 + x2 ) 2a

= sinh-1 a + C = ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 + C
dx x
34.
L 2a2 + x2

ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 + C
x a2
35. 2a2 + x2 dx = 2a2 + x2 +
L 2 2

ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 + C
x 2 a4
36. x2 2a2 + x2 dx = ( a + 2x2 ) 2a2 + x2 -
L 8 8

dx = 2a2 + x2 - a ln ` ` + C
2a2 + x2 a + 2a2 + x2
37. x x
L

dx = ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 -
2a2 + x2 2a2 + x2
38. 2 x + C
L x

dx = - ln 1 x + 2a2 + x2 2 +
x2 a2 x 2a2 + x2
39. + C
L 2a + x22 2 2

` ` + C
dx 1 a + 2a2 + x2 dx 2a2 + x2
40. = - a ln x 41. = - + C
L x 2a2 + x2 L x2 2a2 + x2 a2x

Forms Involving a 2 − x 2
dx 1 x + a dx x 1 x + a
42. = ln 2 x - a 2 + C 43. = 2 2 + 3 ln 2 x - a 2 + C
La - x 2a L (a - x ) 2a ( a - x2 )
2 2 2 2 2 4a
dx x x a2 -1 x
44. = sin-1 a + C 45. 2a2 - x2 dx = 2a2 - x2 + sin a + C
L 2a - x
2 2
L 2 2
4
a x 1
46. x2 2a2 - x2 dx = sin-1 a - x 2a2 - x2 ( a2 - 2x2 ) + C
L 8 8

dx = 2a2 - x2 - a ln ` ` + C 48.
2a2 - x2 a + 2a2 - x2 2a2 - x2 x 2a2 - x2
47. x x 2
dx = -sin-1 a - x + C
L L x

= - a ln ` ` + C
x2 a2 -1 x 1 dx 1 a + 2a2 - x2
49. dx = sin a - x 2a2 - x2 + C 50. x
L 2a - x
2 2 2 2 L x 2a - x
2 2

dx 2a2 - x2
51. = - + C
L x2 2a2 - x2 a2x

Forms Involving x 2 − a 2

= ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 + C
dx
52.
L 2x2 - a2

ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 + C
x a2
53. 2x2 - a2 dx = 2x2 - a2 -
L 2 2
 A Brief Table of Integrals T-3

x1 2x2 - a2 2
1 2x 2 1 2x2 - a2 2n - 2 dx, n ≠ -1
n
2 n na2
54. 2
- a dx = -
L n + 1 n + 1L
dx x1 2x2 - a2 22 - n n - 3 dx
L 1 2x - a 2 L 1 2x - a2 2
55. = - n-2 , n ≠ 2
2 2 n (2 - n)a 2
(n - 2)a 2 2

1 2x2 - a2 2n + 2
56. x1 2x2 - a2 2n dx = + C, n ≠ -2
L n + 2

( 2x2 - a2 ) 2x2 - a2 - a8 ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 + C

4
x
57. x2 2x2 - a2 dx =
L 8

dx = 2x2 - a2 - a sec-1 ` a ` + C
2x2 - a2 x
58. x
L

dx = ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 -
2x2 - a2 2x2 - a2
59. 2 x + C
L x

ln 0 x + 2x2 - a2 0 + 2x2 - a2 + C
x2 a2 x
60. dx =
L 2x - a 2 2 2 2

= a sec-1 ` a ` + C = a cos-1 ` x ` + C
dx 1 x 1 a dx 2x2 - a2
61. 62. = + C
L x 2x - a
2 2
L x2 2x2 - a2 a2x

Trigonometric Forms
1 1
63. sin ax dx = - a cos ax + C 64. cos ax dx = a sin ax + C
L L
x sin 2ax x sin 2ax
65. sin2 ax dx = - + C 66. cos2 ax dx = + + C
L 2 4a L 2 4a
n-1
sin ax cos ax n - 1
67. sinn ax dx = - na + n sinn - 2 ax dx
L L
cosn - 1 ax sin ax n - 1
68. cosn ax dx = na + n cosn - 2 ax dx
L L
cos(a + b)x cos(a - b)x
69. (a) sin ax cos bx dx = - - + C, a2 ≠ b2
L 2(a + b) 2(a - b)
sin(a - b)x sin(a + b)x
(b) sin ax sin bx dx = - + C, a2 ≠ b2
L 2(a - b) 2(a + b)

sin(a - b)x sin(a + b)x

(c) cos ax cos bx dx = + + C, a2 ≠ b2
L 2(a - b) 2(a + b)

cos 2ax sinn + 1 ax

70. sin ax cos ax dx = - + C 71. sinn ax cos ax dx = + C, n ≠ -1
L 4a L (n + 1)a
cos ax 1 cosn + 1 ax
72. dx = a ln  sin ax  + C 73. cosn ax sin ax dx = - + C, n ≠ -1
L sin ax L (n + 1)a
sin ax 1
74. cos ax dx = - a ln  cos ax  + C
L
sinn - 1 ax cosm + 1 ax n - 1
75. sinn ax cosm ax dx = - + sinn - 2 ax cosm ax dx, n ≠ -m (reduces sinn ax)
L a(m + n) m + nL

sinn + 1 ax cosm - 1 ax m - 1
76. sinn ax cosm ax dx = + sinn ax cosm - 2 ax dx, m ≠ -n (reduces cosm ax)
L a(m + n) m + nL
T-4 A Brief Table of Integrals

tan-1 c tana - b d + C, b2 7 c2
dx -2 b - c p ax
77. =
L b + c sin ax a 2b2 - c2 Ab + c 4 2

ln ` ` + C,
dx -1 c + b sin ax + 2c2 - b2 cos ax
78. = b2 6 c2
L b + c sin ax a 2c - b
2 2 b + c sin ax

= - a tan a - b + C = a tan a + b + C
dx 1 p ax dx 1 p ax
79. 80.
L 1 + sin ax 4 2 L 1 - sin ax 4 2

tan-1 c tan d + C, b2 7 c2
dx 2 b - c ax
81. =
L b + c cos ax a 2b - c
2 2 A b + c 2

ln ` ` + C,
dx 1 c + b cos ax + 2c2 - b2 sin ax
82. = b2 6 c2
L b + c cos ax a 2c - b
2 2 b + c cos ax
dx 1 ax dx 1 ax
83. = a tan + C 84. = - a cot + C
L 1 + cos ax 2 L 1 - cos ax 2
1 x 1 x
85. x sin ax dx = sin ax - a cos ax + C 86. x cos ax dx = cos ax + a sin ax + C
L a2 L a2
n
x n xn n
87. xn sin ax dx = - a cos ax + a xn - 1 cos ax dx 88. xn cos ax dx = a sin ax - a xn - 1 sin ax dx
L L L L

tan ax dx = a ln 0 sec ax 0 + C cot ax dx = a ln 0 sin ax 0 + C

1 1
89. 90.
L L
1 1
91. tan2 ax dx = a tan ax - x + C 92. cot2 ax dx = - a cot ax - x + C
L L
tann - 1 ax cotn - 1 ax
93. tann ax dx = - tann - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1 94. cotn ax dx = - - cotn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
L a(n - 1) L L a(n - 1) L

sec ax dx = a ln 0 sec ax + tan ax 0 + C csc ax dx = - a ln 0 csc ax + cot ax 0 + C

1 1
95. 96.
L L
1 1
97. sec2 ax dx = a tan ax + C 98. csc2 ax dx = - a cot ax + C
L L
secn - 2 ax tan ax n - 2
99. secn ax dx = + secn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
L a(n - 1) n - 1L
cscn - 2 ax cot ax n - 2
100. cscn ax dx = - + cscn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
L a(n - 1) n - 1L
secn ax cscn ax
101. secn ax tan ax dx = na + C, n ≠ 0 102. cscn ax cot ax dx = - na + C, n ≠ 0
L L
Inverse Trigonometric Forms
1 1
103. sin-1 ax dx = x sin-1 ax + a 21 - a2x2 + C 104. cos-1 ax dx = x cos-1 ax - a 21 - a2x2 + C
L L
1
105. tan-1 ax dx = x tan-1 ax - ln ( 1 + a2x2 ) + C
L 2a
xn + 1 a xn + 1 dx
106. xn sin-1 ax dx = sin-1 ax - , n ≠ -1
L n + 1 n + 1 L 21 - a2x2
xn + 1 a xn + 1 dx
107. xn cos-1 ax dx = cos-1 ax + , n ≠ -1
L n + 1 n + 1 L 21 - a2x2
xn + 1 a xn + 1 dx
108. xn tan-1 ax dx = tan-1 ax - , n ≠ -1
L n + 1 n + 1 L 1 + a2x2
 A Brief Table of Integrals T-5

Exponential and Logarithmic Forms

1 1 bax
109. eax dx = a eax + C 110. bax dx = + C, b 7 0, b ≠ 1
L L a ln b
eax 1 n
111. xeax dx = (ax - 1) + C 112. xneax dx = a xneax - a xn - 1eax dx
L a2 L L
xnbax n
113. xnbax dx = - xn - 1bax dx, b 7 0, b ≠ 1
L a ln b a ln b L
eax
114. eax sin bx dx = (a sin bx - b cos bx) + C
L a + b2
2

eax
115. eax cos bx dx = (a cos bx + b sin bx) + C 116. ln ax dx = x ln ax - x + C
L a + b2
2
L
xn + 1(ln ax)m m
117. xn(ln ax)m dx = - xn(ln ax)m - 1 dx, n ≠ -1
L n + 1 n + 1L

= ln 0 ln ax 0 + C
(ln ax)m + 1 dx
118. x-1(ln ax)m dx = + C, m ≠ -1 119.
L m + 1 L x ln ax

Forms Involving 22ax − x 2, a + 0

= sin-1 a a b + C
dx x - a
120.
L 22ax - x2

sin a a b + C
x - a a2 -1 x - a
121. 22ax - x2 dx = 22ax - x2 +
L 2 2
(x - a)1 22ax - x2 2
1 22ax - x2 2 dx = 1 22ax - x2 2n - 2 dx
n
n na2
122. +
L n + 1 n + 1L
dx (x - a)1 22ax - x2 22 - n n - 3 dx
L 1 22ax - x2 2 (n - 2)a2L 1 22ax - x2 2n - 2
123. = +
n
(n - 2)a2
(x + a)(2x - 3a) 22ax - x2 a3 -1 x - a
124. x 22ax - x2 dx = + sin a a b + C
L 6 2

dx = 22ax - x2 + a sin-1 a a b + C
22ax - x2 x - a
125. x
L

- sin-1 a a b + C
22ax - x2 2a - x x - a
126. dx = -2 x
L x2 A

= a sin-1 a a b - 22ax - x2 + C
x dx x - a dx 1 2a - x
127. 128. = -a + C
L 22ax - x2 L x 22ax - x2 A x
Hyperbolic Forms
1 1
129. sinh ax dx = a cosh ax + C 130. cosh ax dx = a sinh ax + C
L L
sinh 2ax x sinh 2ax x
131. sinh2 ax dx = - + C 132. cosh2 ax dx = + + C
L 4a 2 L 4a 2
sinhn - 1 ax cosh ax n - 1
133. sinhn ax dx = na - n sinhn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 0
L L
T-6 A Brief Table of Integrals

coshn - 1 ax sinh ax n - 1
134. coshn ax dx = na + n coshn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 0
L L
x 1 x 1
135. x sinh ax dx = a cosh ax - 2 sinh ax + C 136. x cosh ax dx = a sinh ax - 2 cosh ax + C
L a L a
xn n xn n
137. xn sinh ax dx = a cosh ax - a xn - 1 cosh ax dx 138. xn cosh ax dx = a sinh ax - a xn - 1 sinh ax dx
L L L L
1 1
139. tanh ax dx = a ln (cosh ax) + C 140. coth ax dx = a ln  sinh ax  + C
L L
1 1
141. tanh2 ax dx = x - a tanh ax + C 142. coth2 ax dx = x - a coth ax + C
L L
tanhn - 1 ax
143. tanhn ax dx = - + tanhn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
L (n - 1)a L
cothn - 1 ax
144. cothn ax dx = - + cothn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
L (n - 1)a L
1 1 ax
145. sech ax dx = a sin-1 (tanh ax) + C 146. csch ax dx = a ln 2 tanh 2 + C
L L 2
1 1
147. sech2 ax dx = a tanh ax + C 148. csch2 ax dx = - a coth ax + C
L L
sechn - 2 ax tanh ax n - 2
149. sechn ax dx = + sechn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
L (n - 1)a n - 1L
cschn - 2 ax coth ax n - 2
150. cschn ax dx = - - cschn - 2 ax dx, n ≠ 1
L (n - 1)a n - 1L
sechn ax cschn ax
151. sechn ax tanh ax dx = - na + C, n ≠ 0 152. cschn ax coth ax dx = - na + C, n ≠ 0
L L

c d + C, a2 ≠ b2
ax bx -bx
e e e
153. eax sinh bx dx = -
L 2 a + b a - b

c d + C, a2 ≠ b2
eax ebx e-bx
154. eax cosh bx dx = +
L 2 a + b a - b

Some Definite Integrals

q q
n - 1 -x 1 p
e dx = Γ(n) = (n - 1)!, n 7 0 e-ax dx = , a 7 0
2
155. x 156.
L0 L0 2A a

1 # 3 # 5 # g # (n - 1) # p
2#4#6# g#n
p>2 p>2 , if n is an even integer Ú 2
2
2 # 4 # 6 # g # (n - 1)
157. sin x dx =
n
cos x dx = d
n
L0 L0
3#5#7# g#n
, if n is an odd integer Ú 3