NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

UNION CHRISTIAN C OLLEGE

SCHOOL OF HEALTH AND SCIENCES
CITY OF SAN FERNANDO
LA UNION

CASE STUDY:

AMOEBIASIS

SUBMITTED BY:

ACENA, JOBELLE C.
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I. Introduction

Amoebiasis is due to invasion of the intestinal wall by the protozoan parasite

Entemoeba histolytica. Amoebic colitis results from ulcerating mucosal lesions caused by the
release of parasite-derived hyaluronidases and proteases. It refers to infection of man by
Entamoeba hystolytica initially involving the colon but which may spread to other soft tissues
organs by contiguity or by hematogenous or lymphatic dissemination most commonly to the
liver and lungs.

It is a worldwide parasitic disease. It creates many medical and surgical problems. About
15 to 20 per cent of Indians are affected by the parasite. It can be acute and chronic and can
have intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations. The causative organism is a protozoa which
remains in the large intestine and can be transmitted to other organs like liver, lungs, brain,
spleen and skin etc. It is transmitted through contaminated food, water and infected human
feaces. 
Amoebiasis can occur at any age. There is no gender or racial difference in the
occurrence of the disease. It is a household infection and the human being is responsible for
spreading the disease. Most of the infected people remain asymptomatic (without symptoms)
and are called as healthy carriers. If one person in a family gets infected with the parasite, other
family members are at the great risk of infection. The human carrier can discharge up to
1.5x107 cysts per day. 

II. Patient’s Profile

Name: Patient X

Age: 17 years old

Address: Malabon City

Sex: Female

Civil Status: Single

Religion: Roman Catholic

Date of Admission: June 28, 2009

Family History

No known hereditary diseases.

Present Medical History

Patient has LBM, positive vomiting and watery stool. Noted some DHN

Past Medical History

No known past history. No noted allergies from the day of admission.

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III. Anatomy and Physiology

The function of the digestive system is to break down the foods you eat, release their
nutrients, and absorb those nutrients into the body. Although the small intestine is the
workhorse of the system, where the majority of digestion occurs, and where most of the
released nutrients are absorbed into the blood or lymph, each of the digestive system organs
makes a vital contribution to this process.

As is the case with all body systems, the digestive system does not work in isolation; it
functions cooperatively with the other systems of the body. Consider for example, the
interrelationship between the digestive and cardiovascular systems. Arteries supply the
digestive organs with oxygen and processed nutrients, and veins drain the digestive tract. These
intestinal veins, constituting the hepatic portal system, are unique; they do not return blood
directly to the heart. Rather, this blood is diverted to the liver where its nutrients are off-loaded
for processing before blood completes its circuit back to the heart. At the same time, the
digestive system provides nutrients to the heart muscle and vascular tissue to support their
functioning. The interrelationship of the digestive and endocrine systems is also critical.
Hormones secreted by several endocrine glands, as well as endocrine cells of the pancreas, the
stomach, and the small intestine, contribute to the control of digestion and nutrient
metabolism. In turn, the digestive system provides the nutrients to fuel endocrine function.

Digestive System Organs

The easiest way to understand the digestive system is to divide its organs into two main
categories. The first group is the organs that make up the alimentary canal. Accessory digestive
organs comprise the second group and are critical for orchestrating the breakdown of food and
the assimilation of its nutrients into the body. Accessory digestive organs, despite their name,
are critical to the function of the digestive system.

Alimentary Canal Organs

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Also called the gastrointestinal (GI) tract or gut, the alimentary canal (aliment- = “to
nourish”) is a one-way tube about 7.62 meters (25 feet) in length during life and closer to 10.67
meters (35 feet) in length when measured after death, once smooth muscle tone is lost. The
main function of the organs of the alimentary canal is to nourish the body. This tube begins at
the mouth and terminates at the anus. Between those two points, the canal is modified as the
pharynx, esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines to fit the functional needs of the
body. Both the mouth and anus are open to the external environment; thus, food and wastes
within the alimentary canal are technically considered to be outside the body. Only through the
process of absorption do the nutrients in food enter into and nourish the body’s “inner space.”

Accessory Structures

Each accessory digestive organ aids in the breakdown of food. Within the mouth, the
teeth and tongue begin mechanical digestion, whereas the salivary glands begin chemical
digestion. Once food products enter the small intestine, the gallbladder, liver, and pancreas
release secretions—such as bile and enzymes—essential for digestion to continue. Together,
these are called accessory organs because they sprout from the lining cells of the developing
gut (mucosa) and augment its function; indeed, you could not live without their vital
contributions, and many significant diseases result from their malfunction. Even after
development is complete, they maintain a connection to the gut by way of ducts.

Nerve Supply

As soon as food enters the mouth, it is detected by receptors that send impulses along
the sensory neurons of cranial nerves. Without these nerves, not only would your food be
without taste, but you would also be unable to feel either the food or the structures of your
mouth, and you would be unable to avoid biting yourself as you chew, an action enabled by the
motor branches of cranial nerves.

Intrinsic innervation of much of the alimentary canal is provided by the enteric nervous
system, which runs from the esophagus to the anus, and contains approximately 100 million
motor, sensory, and interneurons (unique to this system compared to all other parts of the
peripheral nervous system). These enteric neurons are grouped into two plexuses.
The myenteric plexus (plexus of Auerbach) lies in the muscularis layer of the alimentary canal
and is responsible for motility, especially the rhythm and force of the contractions of the
muscularis. The submucosal plexus (plexus of Meissner) lies in the submucosal layer and is
responsible for regulating digestive secretions and reacting to the presence of food.

Extrinsic innervations of the alimentary canal are provided by the autonomic nervous
system, which includes both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves. In general, sympathetic
activation (the fight-or-flight response) restricts the activity of enteric neurons, thereby
decreasing GI secretion and motility. In contrast, parasympathetic activation (the rest-and-
digest response) increases GI secretion and motility by stimulating neurons of the enteric
nervous system.

Blood Supply

The blood vessels serving the digestive system have two functions. They transport the
protein and carbohydrate nutrients absorbed by mucosal cells after food is digested in the
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

lumen. Lipids are absorbed via lacteals, tiny structures of the lymphatic system. The blood
vessels’ second function is to supply the organs of the alimentary canal with the nutrients and
oxygen needed to drive their cellular processes.

Specifically, the more anterior parts of the alimentary canal are supplied with blood by
arteries branching off the aortic arch and thoracic aorta. Below this point, the alimentary canal
is supplied with blood by arteries branching from the abdominal aorta. The celiac trunk services
the liver, stomach, and duodenum, whereas the superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
supply blood to the remaining small and large intestines.

The veins that collect nutrient-rich blood from the small intestine (where most
absorption occurs) empty into the hepatic portal system. This venous network takes the blood
into the liver where the nutrients are either processed or stored for later use. Only then does
the blood drained from the alimentary canal viscera circulate back to the heart. To appreciate
just how demanding the digestive process is on the cardiovascular system, consider that while
you are “resting and digesting,” about one-fourth of the blood pumped with each heartbeat
enters arteries serving the intestines.

IV. Initial Assessment

Body Part Technique Normal Findings Assessment Analysis

Findings

Skin

a. Color Inspection Whitish pink or Pale and dull skin; Abnormal

brown in color; no evidence of
Pale and dull
dark skin tone discoloration
skin can be
depending on
related to a
patients race; no
decrease in
evidence of
fluid volume in
discoloration
the body and
decrease levels
of oxygen
carrying
capacity of the
blood

b. Bleeding, Inspection No areas of No bleeding, Normal

Ecchymosis and increased ecchymosis and
Vascularity vascularity, increased
ecchymosis and vascularity was
bleeding noted

c. Lesions Inspection & No skin lesions No evident skin Normal

Palpation present except lesions noted
freckles,
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

birthmarks or
nevi which may
be flat or raised

d. Moisture Palpation Dry with Skin feels dry; Normal

minimum with minimal
perspiration. perspiration
Moisture varies
with changes in
environment,
stress, activity
and body
temperature

e. Tenderness Palpation Skin surface Non tender with Normal

should be no evident
nontender inflammation

f. Texture Palpation Feel smooth, Smooth and firm, Normal

even and firm minimal
with rough roughness on
surfaces elbows and knees

g.Turgor/Edema Palpation Skin should No edema Normal

return to its present; with fair
original contour skin turgor
rapidly when
released; no
edema present

Hair Inspection & Color varies Thin, dry, straight Abnormal

Palpation from dark black dark black; evenly
Dryness and
to pale blonde; distributed with
hair fall can be
evenly moderate hair fall
acquired both
distributed; pale noted, pale white
genetic and
white to light scalp with no
nutritional
brown scalp lesions noted
imbalances due
with no lesions;
to lack of
thin, straight,
collagen, a
coarse, thick or
protein than
curly; shiny and
nourishes the
resilient
hair for growth

Nails Inspection & Pink to brown Pale nail beds; Abnormal

Palpation cast; 2-3 with normal
This is due to
seconds capillary capillary refill;
decrease
refill; smooth, smooth, flat and
oxygen supply
flat and slightly round; 160ͦ angle
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

rounded; 160ͦ in the body. An

angle early sign of
oxygen
desaturation

Head Inspection & Normocephalic Normocephalic Normal

Palpation and and symmetrical;
symmetrical; nontender; no
smooth, masses and
nontender depression noted
without masses
and depression

Face Inspection & Facial features Symmetrical Normal

Palpation should be facial features;
symmetrical; oval in shape; no
shape can be involuntary
oval, round or movements,
slightly square; edema and
no involuntary disproportion
movements; no noted
edema and
disproportion

Mandible Palpation No discomfort No pain or Normal

with movement; discomfort
no clicking or experienced upon
crepitus heard movement of the
tempomandibular
joint; articulates
smoothly

Neck/Thyroid Inspection & Symmetrical Symmetrical neck

gland/ Lymph Palpation neck muscles; muscles with
Abnormal
Nodes able to move head in a central
head in full ROM position; able to Palpable lymph
without move head in full nodes are
discomfort; no ROM without attributed to
palpable masses discomfort; no infectious
or enlargement thyroid gland process in
of thyroid glands enlargement which the
and lymph noted; with lymph drains
nodes palpable anterior and filters such
cervical lymph foreign bodies
nodes and
accumulates on
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

the lymph
nodes

Eyes

a. Visual Acuity Inspection 20/20 vision; Unable to read Abnormal

able to read within a distance
Decrease visual
within a near of 14 inches;
acuity is related
distance of 14
to degenerative
inches
or hereditary
factors with
some risk
factors on
nutritional
intake

b. Eye Cover/Uncover Eyes are aligned No movements Normal

Alignment Test if no movements noted; eyes are
of either eyes aligned

c. Eye Inspection Both eyes move Able to move Normal

Movement smoothly and both eyes in six
symmetrically in field of gaze
each of the six smoothly and
field of gaze symmetrical

Eyelids Inspection Symmetrical; no Asymmetrical; Abnormal

drooping(ptosis) right eyelid with
Ptosis is related
, infections or mild ptosis noted
to cranial nerve
tumors
damages that
affects the
neuromuscular
attributes of
the eye.

Lacrimal Inspection & No enlargement, No enlargement Normal

Apparatus Palpation swelling, or swelling noted;
redness, with minimal
exudates; no discharges
excessive tearing
or discharge
from the
punctum

Conjunctiva Inspection Pink and moist; Pale palpebral Abnormal

no swelling, conjunctiva noted
Pale palpebral
lesions or
conjunctiva is a
foreign bodies
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

sign of
decrease fluid
volume and
oxygen in the
blood

Pupil Inspection Deep black, Deep black; equal Normal

round, equal in in diameter;
diameter ( 2- equally reactive
6mm), constrict to direct light; 2-
briskly to direct 3mm; brisk in
light reaction

Ears

a. Hearing Voice-Whisper The patient Able to repeat Normal

Acuity Test should be able words whispered
to repeat words from a distance
whispered from of 2 feet
a distance of 2
feet

b. External Ear Inspection & Match the flesh Flesh in color; Normal
Palpation color of the proportional to
entire skin; head; non tender
proportional; no auricles; no pain
pain or experienced upon
tenderness palpation
during palpation

c. Ear Canal Inspection No redness, No redness, Normal

swelling, lesions, swelling, lesions
drainage, and drainage
foreign bodies or noted; with
scaly surface minimal non-dry
cerumen noted

Sinuses Inspection & No evidence of No swelling and Normal

Palpation swelling around discomfort upon
nose and eyes; palpation noted
no discomfort
during palpation

Nose

a. External Inspection Symmetrically in Located midline Normal

the midline of to the face; no
the face; no lesion, swelling,
lesion, swelling, masses or
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

bleeding and bleeding noted;

masses; no patent nostril
occlusion to air
passage

b. Internal Inspection Nasal mucosa Pale nasal Abnormal

should be pink mucosa without
Pale nasal
or dull red swelling or
mucosa is
without swelling polyps; septum is
related to
or polyps; no at midline; with
decrease
deviation in minimal thick,
oxygen supply
septum; with whitish discharge
in the blood
small amount of noted
clear watery
discharge

Mouth

a. Lips Inspection Pink and moist Pale and dry lips; Abnormal
with no no swelling and
Pale and dry
evidence of inflammation
lips is related to
lesion or noted
fluid volume
inflammation
deficit or
dehydration

b. Tongue Inspection Midline in the Midline in the Normal

mouth; pink, mouth; pink,
moist and rough moist and rough;
( from taste can move freely
buds), no lesions and stick out
and swelling; tongue
moves freely

c. Buccal Inspection Pinkish in color; Mildly pale; Abnormal

Mucosa moist, smooth smooth and
Related to fluid
and absence of moist; no lesions
volume deficit
inflammation or inflammation
or decrease
and lesions noted
oxygen in the
blood

d. Gums Inspection Pale-red stippled Pale-red stippled Abnormal

surface; well surface; well
Related to fluid
defined gum defined gum
volume deficit
margins; no margins; mildly
or decrease
swelling or retracted from
oxygen in the
bleeding the teeth
blood
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

e. Teeth Inspection 32 set of teeth, Incomplete set of Abnormal

white with teeth with areas
Dental carries
smooth edges, of tooth
can be acquired
properly aligned extraction;
if oral hygiene
and without improperly
is inadequate
caries aligned; with
and with
black patches and
decrease in
erosion on the
calcium and
surface of certain
fluoride intake
teeth
that makes
teeth strong
and free from
carries

f. Palate Inspection Hard and soft Concave and Normal

palate are pinkish; hard
concave and palate with ridges
pink; hard palate and soft palate is
with many smooth. No
ridges; soft lesion or
palate is malformations
smooth; no noted
lesion and
malformations

Throat Inspection Pink, vascular Pink, vascular Normal

and without with no swelling
swelling, or exudates
exudates or noted; Uvula is at
lesions; Uvula is midline: Tonsillar
midline; tonsillar size is 2+ with (+)
size is 1+ to 2+; gag reflex
(+) gag reflex

Breast Inspection Flesh colored; Flesh in color; Normal

areolar area and darker
nipples with pigmentation on
darker areolar areas and
pigmentation; nipples; convex
No thickening or and symmetrical
edema; with breast on
symmetrical; the side of the
convex; no dominant arm
lesions or being larger
masses ( right side); no
thickening,
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

lesions or
dimpling noted.

Thorax and
Lungs

a. Shape and Inspection Elliptical in Thorax is elliptical Abnormal

Symmetry shape; shoulders in shape; left
Related to
should be at the shoulder is lower
misalignment
same height; in height
of the spinal
scapula should compared to right
cord.
be the same shoulder; right
height bilaterally scapula higher in
with no masses height bilaterally

b. Muscles of Inspection No accessory Eupnea; no Normal

Respiration muscles are accessory
used in normal muscles being
breathing used; no
exaggerated
respiratory effort
upon breathing
noted

c. Tactile Palpation Normal Fremitus Buzzing is felt on Normal

Fremitus is felt as buzzing the ulnar aspect
on the ulnar of the hand upon
aspect of the palpation; no
hand increase or
decrease
Fremitus was
observed

c. Breath Auscultation Blowing or Fine crackles Abnormal

Sounds hollow sound, (rales) heard
Heard when
high in pitch upon auscultation
there is fluid
( Bronchial);
accumulation
gentle rustling
on the alveoli
or breezy, low in
of the lungs
pitch
( Vesicular); no
adventitious
breath sounds
should be heard

Heart

a. Precordium Inspection & Symmetrical; no Adynamic Normal

Palpation vibrations, thrills precordium; PMI
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

and expansions at 5th Intercostal

noted space, left
midclavicular line

b. Heart Sounds Auscultation Rhythm is Regular heart Normal

regular; sounds; S1 and S2
distinguishable are
S1 and S2; no distinguishable
murmurs heard upon auscultation

Peripheral Inspection No pallor, No discoloration Normal

Vasculature cyanosis or and complains of
ulceration pain or
noted; no discomfort noted
complaints of
pain or
discomfort

Abdomen

a. Contour, Inspection Flat or rounded; Flat abdomen; Normal

Symmetry and symmetrical non tender;
Pigmentation bilaterally; no symmetrical;
discoloration uniform in color
and
pigmentation; no
scars, striae or
lesions noted

b. Umbilicus Inspection Should be Umbilicus at Normal

depressed and lower midline of
beneath the abdomen;
abdominal depressed and
surface beneath
abdominal
surface

c. Bowel Sounds Auscultation Intermittent Normoactive to Abnormal

gurgling sounds hyperactive
throughout bowel sounds
abdominal prominent at
quadrants; high right lower
pitched and quadrant
occurs 5 to 30
times per
minute
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

Musculoskeleta
l System

a. Muscle size Inspection Muscle shape Reduced muscle Abnormal

and shape may be size; thin and
Decrease in
accentuated in flabby muscles;
muscle size and
certain body contour is less
shape is due to
areas but should distinct; no
nutritional
be symmetrical; involuntary
imbalances and
no involuntary movement noted
lack of
movement
movements
leading to
atrophy

b. Muscle Inspection Complete Decrease muscle Normal

Strength voluntary range strength was
of joint motion observed on
against gravity upper
and moderate to extremities;
full resistance; complete range
strength is of joint motion
equally bilateral; against both
no involuntary gravity and
muscle moderate manual
movements resistance; good
muscle strength

c. Upper Inspection & Able to perform Can perform full

Extremities Palpation full ROM; no range of motion
swelling or but with slowed
inflammation movements; no
noted; digital clubbing
symmetrical; observed; with Normal
with five fingers five fingers on
on each hand; each hand;
aligned; no symmetrical;
numbness or equally aligned;
paralysis noted no inflammation
and swelling
noted

d. Lower Inspection & Able to perform Can perform full Abnormal

Extremities Palpation full range of range of motion;
Slowed body
motion; no with slowed gait
movements
swelling or observed; no
may be
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

inflammation swelling or attributed to

noted; inflammation pain or
symmetrical; noted; alteration in
with five toes on symmetrical; with discomfort.
each foot; five toes on each Numbness is
aligned; no foot; no due to slowed
numbness or complains of calf or blockage of
paralysis noted pain and nerve impulse
intermittent from the axon
claudication; with to another
numbness on neuron through
toes both right the pre
and left foot synaptic to post
noted synaptic

e. Spinal cord Inspection Cervical Cervical is Abnormal

concavity; concave; thoracic
Related to
thoracic has increased
curvature of
convexity; convexity ( slight
the spinal cord
lumbar hump); lumbar is
such as
concavity; with concave; with full
scoliosis,
full ROM ROM
lordosis etc.

V. Pathophysiology

Predisposing Factors Precipitating Factors

Age Hygiene
Climate Sanitation
Entamoeba
Histolytica

(causative agent)

Feco-oral direct
contact (MOA)

Infection occurs by
ingestion of cyst

Excystation occurs in the ileum of

the small intestine
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Trophozoites multiply in the large

intestine

Cyst formation in the sigmoid colon

Loss of appetite, Abdominal

cramps, Diarrhea and, severe
stomach pain

VI. Laboratory and Diagnostic Tests Amoebiasis

COMPLETE BLOOD COUNT (CBC).

Result Normal Values

Hemoglobin 100 112-157 g/L

Hct 0.31 0.34-0.3510^12/L

RBC 3.72 3.93-5.22 x 10 ^ 12/L

WBC 6.2 4.7810^9/L

Platelet Adequate 150-400

Differential Count

Results Normal Values

Segmenters 0.58 0.55- 0.70

Lymphocytes 0.29 0.25- 0.40

Monocytes 0.08 0.02- 0.08

Eosinophils 0.04 0.01- 0.06

Basophils 0.01 0.00- 0.05

ANALYSIS:
The result of e exam of hemoglobin 100 g/L show a decrease in number of circulating
hemoglobin iron-protein compound in red blood cells which transport oxygen for to the body
tissue thus implicate a poor tissue perfusion. This also show a decrease number of RBC TO
3.72.Thus decreasing the percentage of a blood sample that consists of red blood cells,
measured after the blood has been centrifuged and the cells compacted called Hematocrit to
0.31. Differential counts are within normal values.
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

Hematocrit and Hemoglobin Levels

Exam Results Normal Values

Hemoglobin 105 120-160 g/L

Hematocrit 0.32 0.37-0.47

Analysis:

The result of the exam for hemoglobin 105 g/L shows decrease in number of circulating
hemoglobin contained entirely in the red blood cells, amounting to perhaps 35 percent of their
weight. To combine properly with oxygen, red blood cells must contain adequate hemoglobin.
Hemoglobin, in turn, is dependent on iron for its formation. A deficiency of hemoglobin caused
by a lack of iron in the body leads to anemia. Thus decreasing red blood cells in a blood sample
in order to determine the percentage of the blood that consists of cells Decrease in
hemoglobin, Hematocrit, and RBC shows the relation to amoebiasis in a way that trophozoites a
parasite that invade tissue found in liquid colonic contents burrow deeper with tendency to
spread laterally by continous lysis of cell until they reach the muscalaris mucosae frequently
erode the lymphatic or walls of the mesenteric venules in the floor of ulcers, which may enter ,
and in carried into intraheptic portal veins. If thrombi occur in small branches of the portal vein,
the trohozoites held in the thrombi cause lytic necrosis of the wall of vessel and digest s
pathway into the lobules.

COMPLETE URINALYSIS

MACROSCOPIC

Physical/Macroscopic Result

Color Amber

Transparency Slightly hazy

Specific Gravity 1.010

Ph 7.5 Alkaline

Protein Negative

Glucose Negative

MICROSCOPIC

RBC 0-1/ HPF

WBC 1-2/ HPF
Epithelial cells Occasional
Bacteria Many
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

Mucous Threads Moderate

Amorphous Urates Moderate

Analysis

Urinalysis shown normal urine color amber and slightly hazy a decrease urine specific
gravity it is less precise than urine osmolality and reflects both the quantity and the nature of
particles. Therefore, protein, Glucose, and intravenous contrast agent specific gravity than
osmolality. Urine is a good medium for growth of bacteria that’s why urine ideally performed
on fresh specimen preferably the first voiding. If left standing at room temperature urine
become alkaline because of contamination of urea-splitting bacteria.

Mucous thread moderates in amount, Bacteria many in amount A. Phosphate moderate

epithelial cell occasional. The normal urinary tract is sterile above the urethra bacteria may be
due to incomplete emptying of the bladder and urinary stasis. Decreased natural host defense
and instrumentation of the urinary tract including catheterization and cystoscopic procedure

MACROSCOPIC

Physical/Macroscopic Result
Color Yellow
Transparency Slightly hazy

Specific Gravity 1.030

Reaction 6.0

Protein Negative

Glucose Negative

MACROSCOPIC

RBC 0-1/ HPF

WBC 1-2/ HPF
Epithelial cells Occasional
Bacteria Moderate
Mucous Threads Few
Renal Cells None

Analysis

Show normal urine color and transparency increase specific gravity indicate presence of
substances found in urine. Negative for protenuria and glycosuria. In addition urinalysis may
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

provide important clinical information. Although urinalysis is usually performed routinely it

evaluates urine color, clarity and odor. Measurement urine acidity and specific gravity. Test for
presence of protein, glucose and ketone, hematuria, cast (cylinduria), crystals (crystalluria), pus
(pyuria) and bacteria (bacteriuria).

FECALYSIS

MACROSCOPIC MICROSCOPIC

Color Red RBC 70- 80/ HPF

Consistency WATERY/MUCOID Pus cells 12-20/ HPF

Others

SPECIAL TEST

Occult blood: NOT REQUESTED

Entamoeba histolytica

Cyst 1-3L/LPF
Trophozoite 1-2/LPF

Parasites

Ascariasis ova: NONE SEEN

Hookworm ova: NONE SEEN

Trichiuris ova: NONE SEEN

Analysis:

Stool exam show a red in color which is an indicator of blood entering the lower portion
of the GI tract or passing rapidly through it. Carrots and beets may cause a red stool. A normal
mucoid consistency no presence of ascariasis ova, hookworm ova, trichiuris ova a parasite
usually found in stool. Color red watery mucoid in consistency in relation to amoebiasis that a
watery mucoid stool are characteristics of small bowel disease whereas loose, semisolid stool
are associated more often in the disorder of the colon it denotes inflammatory enteritis or
colitis. Color red stool may indicate a blood entering the lower portion of the gastrointestinal
tract or passing rapidly through it will appear bright or dark red that is associate4d in
amoebiasis an a way that there is ulceration in lymphatic vessel of the gastrointestinal tract.

BACTERIOLOGY

STOOL CULTURE AND SENSITIVITY

Result: No enteric Pathogen Isolated

 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

Analysis

Stool culture shown no presence of enteric pathogen it include inspection of the

specimen for its amount, consistency, and color, and a screening test for occult blood. The test
done to patient is a special test which includes for pathogen and collected in a random basis. In
addition bacteriology is the scientific study of bacteria, especially in relation to medicine

VIII. Evaluation

IX. IMPLICATIONS

a. Nursing Practice

This case study is geared towards providing adequate knowledge, developing positive
attitude, and proper skills in caring patients with amoebiasis.

b. Nursing Education

This case study aims to help the nursing students become efficient nurses by providing
knowledge about amoebiasis and allows him or her to be able to formulate nursing
interventions and a health teaching plan appropriate for the client. Ensuring the student has
adequate knowledge also gives him or her sense of confidence and readiness to care for the
client.

c. Nursing Research

This study of may be used as basis for future researchers. It can also provide information
needed by other students so they may understand the disease and plan for efficient nursing
care.

X. Recommendations

 Improvement of sanitary conditions: The sanitary conditions should be improved. As

mentioned earlier, the cyst can survive days to weeks in cool and moist conditions.
Proper disposal of human excreta should be there.
 NCM 106 SY 2020-2021

 Control of flies: Flies should be controlled at living places. The flies must be eradicated
from the house as they are responsible to transmit the disease from one place to
another. Foods and eatables should be covered and properly cooked before eating. 

 Safe drinking water: Drinking water should be boiled. If one can afford, water filter
should be used.
 Hand washing: Hand washing practices are also very helpful to control the infection.
Hands should be properly washed with soap and water after defecation. Especially
before eating and preparing the food, hands should be washed properly. 
 Washing of vegetables: Ground grown vegetables like carrot, turnip, radish, should be
washed thoroughly by running water. During infection, these vegetables should be
avoided because these may be contaminated with human feaces.