1.

Importance of Travelling

“The world is a book, and those who do not travel read only a page.” is a
famous quotation. Travelling can teach us more than any university or college.
When we travel we learn about the culture of the country we visit.

Travelling is a time when people relax. Most people, after a pleasant

travel, return home with a fresh outlook, new zeal and a better determination.
Travelling has also a great informative value. It widens our knowledge of
geography, different cultures and people. We come to know about mode of
living of a particular community, social life, agriculture, worship, beliefs, art
forms, etc. Travelling has a special importance to students too. Many of the
things we learn in textbooks can be practically understood when we visit
various places. Another great benefit of traveling is a life experience. Traveling
gets a person out of their comfort zone, away from all their ordinary pleasures
and comforts. This forces us to be adventurous, to live life to the fullest and use
the time they have to discover new things, and meet new people. It has the
potential to improve our health.

A visit to places like Nainital, Darjeeling, Panchmari, Ooty, etc. can have
tremendous effect on our physical and mental health. It widens our mental
horizon and improves our health

Travelling also boosts our national economy and the development of

tourism industry. Traveling is the perfect entertainment for a person of any age.
 2. Save Water

Water is the primary requirement for all the living beings. Human beings
and all other animals cannot survive for a day without water. Plants also need
water in order to grow and survive as well. Water is used in cleaning our clothes
and utensils, wash, cultivating crops, cooking food items, and many other
activities.

We know that almost three-fourths part of the earth is water but all this water is
not suitable for use, only 2% of those water is usable and so it is very necessary
to save water.

With the increasing population the water available is inadequate to meet

the needs of the people.

When summer is quite severe a large reservoir of water shrinks to a pool.

Both human beings and animals suffer for want of water. If it rains it rains and
rains and there is a flood. The cultivated crops under deep water rot and perish.

There are two extremes in India. The nation goes without water or there is
heavy rain resulting in flood. Wastage of water needs to be controlled. We
should identify the water wastage facts and try to save water as much as
possible.

The ground water tables in most cities are falling at alarming rate.
Another factor is water leakage. Delhi loses at least 30 per cent of its water due
to leakages and Mumbai loses about 20 per cent of its water due to leakage.

People who live in those areas where there is plenty of water available
should understand the value of water and thus save water. People should
understand the importance of water and thus wastage of water should be
controlled.
 3. Save Energy

Energy conservation refers to the efforts made to reduce the consumption of

energy. The energy on Earth is not in unlimited supply. Energy can take plenty
of time to regenerate. This certainly makes it essential to conserve energy.

Energy conservation is achievable either by using energy more efficiently

or by reducing the amount of service usage. energy conservation plays an
important role in saving non-renewable energy resources.

Energy conservation will reduce the expenses related to fossil fuels.

Fossil fuels are very expensive. Therefore, consumers are required to pay higher
prices for goods and services.

Energy conservation would certainly reduce the amount of fossil fuel

being mined. This would reduce the costs of consumers. Energy conservation
would also strengthen the economy as consumers will have more disposable
income to spend on goods and services.

Energy conservation is good for scientific research. This is because

energy conservation gives researchers plenty of time to conduct researches.
These researchers will have more time to come up with various energy solutions
and alternatives.

Humans must ensure to have fossil fuels as long as possible. This would
give enough time to finding practical solutions. Another important reason for
energy conservation is environmental protection.

Energy conservation would also result in the good health of humans. The
pollution released due to energy sources is harmful to the human body. The air
pollution due to fossil fuels can cause various respiratory problems.
Mahatma Gandhi absolutely right said, “the earth provides enough to satisfy
every man’s needs but not every man’s greed”. Energy conservation is
considered as a quick and economical way to solve the problem of power
shortage.

4. Clean India Movement

The father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi had said that, “Sanitation is more
important than Independence” during his time before the independence of India.
He was well aware of the bad and unclean situation of the India.

He had emphasized the people of India a lot about the cleanliness and sanitation
as well as its implementation in the daily lives.

After many years of independence of India, a most effective campaign of

cleanliness is launched to call people for their active participation and complete
the mission of cleanliness.

For ensuring hygiene, waste management and sanitation across the nation a
Swachh Bharat Mission is launched. In order to fulfill the vision of Mahatma
Gandhi and make India an ideal country all over the world, the Prime Minister
of India has initiated a campaign called Swachh

Bharat Abhiyan on the birthday of Mahatma Gandhi (2nd of October 2014).

Through this campaign the government of India would solve the sanitation
problems by enhancing the waste management techniques. Clean India
movement is completely associated with the economic strength of the country.

The birth date of the Mahatma Gandhi is targeted in both, the launch and
completion of the mission. The basic goals behind launching the Swachh Bharat
Mission are to make the country full of sanitation facilities as well as eliminate
all the unhealthy practices of people in daily routines.

Clean India would bring more tourists and enhance its economic condition. The
Prime Minister of India has requested to every Indian to devote their 100 hours
per year for the cleanliness in India which is very sufficient to make this country
a clean country by 2019.

5. Corruption in India

Corruption is the misuse of public property, position, power and authority for
fulfilling the selfish purposes to gain personal satisfactions. Corruption is the
misuse of authority for personal gain of an individual or group.

It is the unfair use of public power for some private advantages by

breaking some rules and regulations made by government. Now a day, it has
been spread deeply in the society and has become very strong because of its lots
of roots. It is like a cancer which once generated cannot be ended without
medicine.

Corruption is of different types which has been spread in every filed like
education, sports, games, politics, etc. Because of the corruption, one does not
understand his/her responsibilities at work place.

Corruptions are like theft, dishonesty, wastage of public property, wastage of

time unnecessarily, exploitation, scams, scandals, malpractice of responsibilities
etc. are the various types of corruption.

It is true that we need lot of money to live a common life however it is

not true that just for our selfishness and greediness; we should play someone’s
life or money in some unfair ways.
India is a famous country for its democracy but it is corruption which disturbs
its democratic system. Politicians are highly responsible for all type of
corruption in the country.

We should select very honest and trustworthy leaders to lead our India just like
our earlier Indian leaders such as Lal Bahadur Shastri, Sardar Vallabh Bhai
Patel, etc. Only such political leaders can reduce and finally end the corruption
from India. Youths of the country should also need to be aware of all the
reasons of corruption and get together to solve it.

6. Demonetization

Demonetization refers to the withdrawal of currency from being used as

legal tender. In the process of demonetization, a particular unit of currency is
completely banned for use by the members of general public or government.

The information of demonetization is kept confidential till the last day

otherwise, it would defeat the purpose of demonetization itself. The main
objective of demonetization is to counter tax evasion and circulation of black
money, as well as counterfeit or fake currency.

On 8th November, 2016, the Prime Minister Narendra Modi announced

the cabinet’s decision to ban currency notes of denominations Rs. 500 and Rs.
1000. It wasn’t the first time, and previously demonetization had been affected
in India in 1946 and 1978.

Corruption deals in unaccounted and undeclared money. There was huge

amount of money circulated in India in the denominations of Rs. 500 and Rs.
1000 for corrupt deals in private as well as the government sectors.

Demonetization was the need of the time, to curb corruption. Though, the move
of demonetization was supported by banks, it also faced a fair amount of
criticism inside India. Long queues of people outside the banks were made an
issue, by political class. The government was also accused of poor planning and
management.

One of the major effects of demonetization was that it gave a push to digital
payments in India.

There is no denying the fact that the decision was taken in national interest.
Though, it might have missed to achieve some goals, but it did hit some
significant ones like – bringing black money into the banks, reducing inflation,
curbing anti national, illegal activities and making India a digital economy.

7. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)

Gross Domestic Product or GDP represents the monetary value of all

goods and services produced within a nation's geographic borders over a
specified period of time.

During the calculation of GDP, the primary focus is to capture the goods
produced or services rendered within the nation’s border, whether the output is
produced by the residents or non-residents of the country. The output produced
outside the geographical boundaries of the country are not included in GDP.

GDP is an indicator of the size of the economy. It reflects the aggregate

of consumption, investments, spending by the government and net export
(export – import). In general, the GDP is calculated for one year. However, it
can also be calculated for any term to forecast economic trends.

GDP can be calculated in three ways:

1) Production 2) Expenditure & 3) Income approach.

All methods should give the same result.

Production approach: The production approach measures GDP as the difference

between value of output less the value of goods and services used
in producing these outputs during an accounting period.

Expenditure approach: The expenditure approach of GDP takes into account the
sum of all final goods and services purchased in an economy over a set period
of time.

Income approach: The income approach of GDP is based on the reality that all
expenditures in an economy should equal the total income generated by the
production of all economic goods and services.

The three aspects are national income, national output, and national
expenditure. Moreover, the higher the GDP; the lower unemployment levels,
the higher the standard of living, and the higher the investments.

8. E- Waste Management

Electronic equipment is essential part of busy daily life. It substitutes hard

human work and makes it faster. Most of people have a computer. The problem
of e-waste threatens the future environment of the modern society.

E-waste or electronic waste means electrical and electronic equipment,

which is not suitable for use. Electronic equipment, such as mobile phones,
computers, and televisions consist of hazardous materials, which pollute the
environment and impact on human’s health.

In India, the electronic waste management assumes greater significance

not only due to the generation of our own waste but also dumping of e-waste
particularly computer waste from the developed countries.

With extensively using computers and electronic equipment’s and people

dumping old electronic goods for new ones, the amount of E-Waste generated
has been steadily increasing.
 E-waste encompasses growing range of obsolete electronic devices such
as computers, servers, monitors,, air conditioners, washing machines, and
microwave ovens, e-waste also covers recording devices such as DVDs, CDs,
floppies, tapes, printing cartridges, electronic components such as chips,
processors, mother boards, printed circuit boards, automobile electronic devices.

One of the known solutions to e-waste is recycling. Recycling is “the process of

changing waste materials such as newspapers and bottles so that they can be
used again”

Landfills are also prone to uncontrolled fires which can release toxic
fumes. Disposal through incineration is also dangerous as the residual ash
contains toxic metals.

To tackle the problem of e-waste measures followed by putting in place the

system to manage environmentally sound disposal of e-waste should be taken.
There should be proper management of e-waste so that we can live in a healthy
and clean environment.

9. LGBT RIGHTS

The idea of human rights rests on the central premise that all humans are
equal. It follows that all humans have dignity and all humans should be treated
equal. Anything that undermines that dignity is a violation of principle of
equality and paves the way for discrimination.

The human rights of lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender people

(LGBT) are coming into sharper focus around the world including the adoption
of new legal protections.

The right to equality before law and equal protection under the law is
guaranteed in Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution. India is a vast and diverse
country and attitudes towards LGBT individuals vary vastly.
 LGBT people in India face legal and social difficulties not experienced
by non-LGBT persons. Over the past decade, LGBT people have gained more
and more tolerance and acceptance in India, especially in large cities.

Section 377 of the Indian Penal Code makes sexual activities "against the
order of nature" illegal. On 6 September 2018, the Supreme Court of India ruled
that the application of Section 377 to consensual homosexual sex between
adults was unconstitutional, irrational and arbitrary.

But The Ministry of Health and Family Welfare opposed the upholding of
Section 377, stating that it would hinder anti-HIV/AIDS efforts. It would

Most LGBT people in India remain closeted, fearing discrimination from their
families, who might see homosexuality as shameful.

Discrimination is still present in rural areas, where LGBT people often face
rejection from their families and forced opposite-sex marriages.

10. One Nation One Election

India is the largest democratic country of the world as china is the

communist country despite most populous country. The general elections for the
Lok Sabha and state assemblies are held at the gap of five years. But it is
observed that election is a long process in India.

Government spends a lot money, time and energy on the conduct of

different elections. That is the reason that government is thinking about “One
Nation One Election” system in India.

General elections for the Lok Sabha and State Assemblies are held at the
gap of 5 years in India. But in addition to this, elections for the different State
Assemblies are held in some states separately which put huge burden on the
government.

Now the government wants to go for just one election in the whole
country in the gap of 5 years. The concept of

‘One Nation One Election’ can help in reducing the poll expenses, party
expenses etc. It will save public money, reduce burden on administrative setup
and security forces, ensure timely implementation of the government policies
and ensure that the administrative machinery is engaged in developmental
activities.

It is observed that elections for state assemblies and Lok Sabha are fought
on different issues. Regional parties target local issues while national parties
target national issues. Regional parties will not be able to compete with national
parties.

There needs to be a consensus on whether the country needs one nation

one election or not. All political parties should at least cooperate in debating this
issue, the public opinion can be taken into consideration then follow the
outcome of the debate.

11. One Nation One Card

The Government of India has launched an innovative initiative ‘One

Nation One Card’ (ONOC) on the 4th of

March 2019. It is an inter-operate transport card can be used in the form

of debit, credit or prepaid card.
 With the implementation of this initiative, the citizens can use a single
card to commute on a bus, trains, metros, etc. along with shopping, money
withdrawal and payments.

The ONOC provides the convenience of using one card to access all the
services in a city. The card users need not carry multiple cards and memorize
the passwords. The same card can be used by citizens to board buses and
metros.

This card can be used to purchase tickets for any public transport. The
card can be used for shopping. It can be used for digital payments and cash
withdrawals.

The cardholders need not wait in long queues on the ticket counters. The
cardholder can recharge the card online. The card can be used both as a debit
and a credit card.

With this advancement and one-of-its-kind ‘Made in India’ card, there is

no requirement for the country to depend on foreign technologies. ONOC is
supported by indigenously developed Automatic Fare Collection Gate ‘Swagat’
and an Open Loop

Automatic Fare Collection System ‘Sweekar’. Both ‘Swagat’ and ‘Sweekar’

were launched by PM Modi on March 4. It will help people in various types of
transport charges and also, with the help of this card a person can withdraw
money from the same card throughout the country.

ONOC scheme will facilitate in smooth financial transactions in a convenient

way.

12. Namami Gange

 ‘Namami Gange Programme’, is an Integrated Conservation Mission,
approved as ‘Flagship Programme’ by the Union Government in June 2014 with
budget outlay of Rs.20,000 Crore to accomplish the twin objectives of effective
abatement of pollution, conservation and rejuvenation of National River Ganga.

Its implementation has been divided into Entry-Level Activities (for

immediate visible impact), Medium-Term Activities (to be implemented within
5 years of time frame) and Long-Term Activities (to be implemented within 10
years).

Previous Ganga Action Plan Ganga Action plan was launched in two
phase manner by then PM Mr. Rajiv Gandhi: Phase l 1985: Covered 25 Ganga
towns in three states over Rs 862.59 crore were spent.

Phase II Covered 59 towns in five states over Rs 505.31 cr were spent &
Separate action plans for rivers- Yamuna, Damodar, Gomti & Mahananda. This
Action plan was failure.

National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) was launched by UPA

government over 43 towns were covered in five states and over Rs 1,027 crore
were spent until March 31, 2015. Namami Gange approaches Ganga
Rejuvenation by consolidating the existing ongoing efforts and planning for a
concrete action plan for future. The Objective & Aims to clean and protect the
Ganga river in a comprehensive manner. Main pillars of the Namami Gange
Programme are Sewerage Treatment, Infrastructure River-Front Development,
River-Surface Cleaning, Bio-Diversity, Afforestation, Public Awareness,
Industrial Effluent Monitoring etc.

The interventions at Ghats and River fronts will facilitate better citizen
connect and set the tone for river centric urban planning process. These efforts
will definitely be very fruitful in rejuvenation and cleaning the river Ganga.
 13. Right to Education (RTE)

The Right to Education (RTE) Act, 2009 empowers children belonging to the
backward section of the economy to free and compulsory education. It describes
the importance of free and compulsory education for children between the age
of 6 to 14 years in India under Article 21A of the Indian Constitution.

This act came into force on 1 April 2010. The right to education also includes a
responsibility to provide basic education for individuals who have not
completed primary education. All children between the ages of 6 to 14 can get
free education from class 1 to class 8, in a nearby government school.

Children must be given admission in a school even if they don’t have

documents like transfer certificate and age proof. Children cannot be forced to
give tests for getting admission in a school.

Every private school has to keep 25% of its seats in class 1 for children from
‘disadvantaged groups’ and ‘weaker sections’. The school has to give free
education to these children till class 8.

National Council of Educational Research and Training (NCERT) is the apex

body located at New Delhi, It makes the curriculum related matters for school
education across India. The NCERT provides support, guidance and technical
assistance to a number of schools in India.
India has made progress in terms of increasing the primary education attendance
rate and expanding literacy to approximately three-quarters of the population.

The Act makes education a fundamental right of every child between the ages
of 6 and 14. Now in India 74% of the population is literate in which males
comprise 80% and females 65%.

14. Skill India Mission

The Government has announced the start of a national Multi-Skill programme

called Skill India mission. This programme would ability the youth with a
prominence on employability and entrepreneur skills.

The main objective is to create opportunities and scope for the growth of the
talents of the Indian youth and to build up more of those sectors which have
already been put under skill development for the last so many years and also to
recognize new sectors for skill development.

It includes various initiatives of the government like “National Skill

Development Mission”, “National Policy for Skill Development and
Entrepreneurship, “Pradhan Mantri Kaushal Vikas Yojana (PMKVY)” and the
“Skill Loan scheme”. The skill India mission tries to create a synergy between
education, training and work in order to enable them to build a stronger India.

Skill development will enable the youths to get blue-collar jobs. Development
of skills at a young age, right at the school level, is very essential to channelize
them for proper job opportunities.

Every job aspirant would be given training in soft skills to lead a proper and
decent life. Skill development would reach the rural and remote areas also.
Corporate educational institutions, non-government organizations, Government,
academic institutions, and society would help in the development of skills of the
youths so that better results are achieved in the shortest time possible.

The Government of India has always considered skill development as a national

priority. Hence, skill India will help to reduce dependence on urban and semi-
urban sector.

It will provide sufficient work and business avenues in rural India too. It is a
great initiative to boost the overall economic condition of the country.

15. UDAN SCHEME

UDAN (Ude Desh ka Aam Naagrik) is a regional air connectivity scheme to

provide connectivity to unserved airports across the country through existing
airports. The primary objective of the scheme is to facilitate regional growth,
give a boost to employment, and promote tourism by making flying affordable
to masses.

It extends Viability Gap Funding to the operators in order to encourage them to

fly smaller aircraft to underserved airports with a commitment to fix the prices
of the tickets at Rs.2500 for an hourlong flight.

The scheme would be in operation for a period of 10 years. This will

enhance business activity, better infrastructure and expansion of trade &
commerce. UDAN Scheme is an effort to make a common man’s dream of
flying, a reality.

The scheme proposes a complete win-win situation for both the airlines
as well as the target beneficiaries. It retains potential business profits to the
airlines by limiting the category of seats belonging to the subsidized category at
50%, while the other 50% of the seats could be sold at market prices.

This first-of-its-kind scheme globally will create flying affordable to the

common man even in small towns. Airfares will be capped at 2500 rupees for
an hour's flight for regional flights. On each such route, the minimum frequency
would be three and maximum of seven departures per week.

The UDAN is likely to a give a major fillip to tourism and employment

generation in the hinterland. Through introduction of helicopters and small
aircraft, it is also likely to significantly reduce travel timings in remote and hilly
regions, as well as islands and other areas of the country.

16. Union Budget of India (2019- 20)

The Union Budget for 2019-20 was announced by Nirmala Sitharaman,

Minister for Finance and Corporate Affairs and it focusses on reducing red tape,
making best use of technology, building social infrastructure, digital India,
pollution free India, make in India, job creation in Micro, Small and Medium
Enterprises (MSMEs) and investing heavily in infrastructure.

Total expenditure for 2019-20 is budgeted at Rs 27,86,349 crore an increase of

14.09 per cent from 2018-19 (budget estimates).

India was a US$ 1.85 trillion economy in 2014 and it has reached US$
2.7 trillion in five years, the fastest growing major economy and the sixth
largest economy in world.

The Indian economy grew at 6.8 per cent in 2018-19. Total capital expenditure
will be Rs 8,76,209 crore for 2019-20. Defense budget is Rs 3,05,296 crore for
the first time in 2019-20. Amount of Rs 1,74,300 crore has been approved for
pension in the budget 2020.

National Sports Education Board to be setup under Khelo India to prepare youth
for new age skills, Artificial Intelligence, 3D Printing, Virtual Reality etc. The
government has suggested the investment of Rs 50,00,000 crore for railways
infrastructure between 2018- 2030. Metro rail network has reached to 657 Km.

Individual taxpayers with annual income up to Rs 5,00,000 will get full

tax rebate and hence will not be required to pay any tax. Enhanced interest
deduction up to Rs 3,50,000 for purchase of an affordable house.

It aims to achieve housing for all by 2022 & Healthy society – Ayushman
Bharat, well-nourished women & children. New national educational policy
hopes to transform Indian education into one of the best in the world, with focus
on bringing in foreign students.

17. Virtual Currency

Bitcoin is a digital currency that is widely known for its creator’s anonymity. It
is a kind of virtual currency which was launched as an open source software in
2009. Its creator whose identity to this day remains unknown, goes by the name
Satoshi Nakamoto.

Since its inception, virtual currency, has grown in both its popularity and
its use. It is the first decentralized digital currency, as the system works without
a central bank or single administrator.
 Bitcoin is often referred to as a “virtual currency” or “cryptocurrency.”
All transfers of bitcoin are verified and recorded on a public ledger known as
the block chain. It is an electronic or digital currency that works on a peer- to-
peer basis. Like currency notes, it can be sent from one person to another.

The beauty of this cryptocurrency is that if you receive a bitcoin from

another, you can be as sure of the payment as you would on receiving physical
currency notes, with the same anonymity ascribed to it. This anonymity is
lacking in other forms of digital payment such as online banking or e-wallets.

You can send bitcoins digitally to anyone who has a bitcoin address
anywhere in the globe. One person could have multiple addresses for different
purposes. Receivers can get to spend them within minutes of receiving the
coins. It is to be noted that cryptocurrency transactions are settled immediately
without any third- party approvals.

With recognition at universal level, cryptocurrencies can be accessed by

everyone. As India moves to digitize much of its financial services and parts of
its consumer market, cryptocurrencies offer a new, dynamic addition to the
Digital India project.

18. Water Conservation

We are living in this dynamic world where everything is changing at a very fast
rate. The human needs are not exception to it. As the population of this world is
increasing the needs and necessities of the basic things are also increasing.
Water is one of the basic necessities of life. We require plenty of water every
day for drinking, cooking and washing. The chief sources of potable water are
the surface and ground water.

Clean water is affecting the lives of people in India and other countries of the
world in many ways, and the lack of clean water is becoming a major problem.
Water conservation is the only way to save water in the future to solve the
problem of water scarcity.

Three-fourths of the Earth is surrounded by water, whereas very few percent of

water is available for human use Since 97% of the entire water in the ocean is
salt water, which is not suitable for human use, only 3% of the entire water on
the earth is worth use which is 70% in the form of ice layer and glacier and 1%
drinking water Is available in the form of water.

If gradually all of us will start saving water saving excess water will be
possible. To save ourselves from the water wastage, we must be aware of the
news of the people who are struggling daily for each drop of water for their
living.

To spread awareness, we should promote programs related to water

conservation. We should encourage family members, children, friends,
neighbors and co- workers to adopt this process to get positive results.

19. Technological Development in India

India is emerging as a superpower in the world. Being a fast-developing nation,
the country is making its way through the hurdles to gain a bright future in
terms of science and technology. Indian society is quite eager to accept
technology into their day-to-day life.

The modern age is the age of science, technology, knowledge and

information. New inventions in the field of science and technology are
emerging from Indian students and experts, making the country to gain
limelight in the world. Modern gadgets are introduced in every walk of life,
making life easier and solving many problems.

The growth of technology today is sure to experience a boom for the

country in future in almost all the sectors such as education, infrastructure,
electricity, aviation, medicine, information technology and other fields.

They are well equipped and staffed to secure the people of the nation. But
there is no room for complacency in this field and we are yet a developing
country. In the field of agriculture, our scientific and technological researches
have enabled us to be self-reliant and self-sufficient in food grains.

In the field of defense also our achievements have been quite laudable.
The successful production of such missiles as Prithvi and Nag testify to the high
capabilities and achievements of our scientists.

We have been successful in producing night-vision devices required for

our indigenous tanks. Obviously, technology has been used effectively as a tool
and instrument of national development and yet much remains to be achieved in
order to make its benefits reach the masses.

20. Traffic Rules & Safety Reforms

Traffic rules and regulations are formulated to regulate traffic, for the safety and
convenience. They are very essential to ensure safety on road as well as their
users. Some rules are formulated for specific types of users for example it is
mandatory to slow down while approaching a zebra crossing is meant for the
safety of pedestrians & wearing helmet while riding a bike is meant for safety of
the rider.

While following the traffic signals, there are a few things that one should
keep in mind. While stopping on a red light, one should make sure to stop well
before the zebra crossing, even though the signal turned green, don’t accelerate
instantly.

A flashing red signal is a strict indication to stop, while a flashing orange

light directs to proceed with caution. People’s reluctance to follow traffic rules
could be attributed to various factors.

There is no organized road safety education in the Indian system. People

disobeying traffic rules are seldom confronted, thus making them more
reluctant.

But now Post imposition of the Motor Vehicles (Amendment) Act, 2019
has increased the penalties for traffic rule violations. Under the amended Act,
violations such as drunken driving at driving attract a fine of Rs 10,000.

Penalty for driving without a license was increased from fine up to Rs

500 to fine of Rs 5,000. Not wearing a helmet while riding a two-wheeler can
now lead to a fine Rs 1,000. Such reforms in our vehicle act must be welcomed
by the citizens who really want the progress of the country. This will also
reduce road accidents and ensure the safety of the road users.

21. DEMOCRACY
 Democracy is government by the people, for the people and of the people.
The citizens in a democratic nation enjoy the right to vote and elect their
government. Every single individual in the country is part of the process of
governing.

India is the largest democracy in the world. Democracy in India is not

limited to just providing the right to vote to its citizens, it is also working
towards social and economic equality.

Every Indian citizen, above 18 years of age, can exercise the right to vote
in India. There is no discrimination based on a person’s caste, creed, religion,
gender or education.

Democracy is better than the other forms of government such as

monarchy and dictatorship. In both monarchy and dictatorship, the ruler-
individual or group wields absolute power and the people have no remedy
against its misuse. There is no individual freedom, freedom of speech or
expression.

The most important attribute of democracy is that everyone is treated

equally before the law, irrespective of caste, creed or gender.

Democracy also has its drawbacks. It does not always guarantee the
accountability of the elected representatives. Sometimes those who wield power
may be corrupt. If democracy is to be effective, the people have to be alert.

Government has power and right to exercise specific social and economic
policy in the society. In other hands, government has moral obligation towards
every citizens for providing good governance. Thus, democracy is a form of
government under which the power to alter the laws and structures of
government lies, ultimately, with the citizen. The ultimate control is of the
people so it is considered the best form of government.

22. DELHI POLLUTION

Pollution is one of the major issues causing concern not only in India but
across the world. Delhi, the national capital of the country, is being tagged as
one of the most heavily polluted capital cities in the world. It is the world’s
worst city in terms of air pollution, with an unhealthy air quality index for the
majority of the year. Thus, today, one of the biggest threats to the welfare of the
people of Delhi.

There has been a huge rise in the vehicular population, in spite of the
metro railways, aggravating traffic congestion and increasing air and noise
pollution. There has also been a number of diesel vehicles plying on the roads,
which are largely responsible for the air pollution.

Stubble burning in Punjab and Haryana in northwest India has been cited
as a major cause of air pollution in Delhi.

Particulate matter (PM) is basically a mixture of extremely small particles

and liquid droplets like acids, chemicals, gas, water, metals, soil dust particles,
etc. the measurement of which gives an idea of the pollution of a city.

There are mobile enforcement teams deployed at various locations for

monitoring polluting vehicles. With a view to reducing vehicular pollution,
there has been a ban imposed on the plying of more than 15 years old
commercial or transport vehicles.

Steps are taken to transform garbage into compost by developing new

sanitary land-fill sites. It’s not that the Government is not taking steps to control
pollution in Delhi, But we need proper and efficient implementation of plans
and programmes and policies launched by the Government to make it
successful.

23. Earthquake Safety

Earthquake occurs due to disturbance in the tectonic plates that lie under
the surface of Earth. The rapid release of energy creates seismic waves that
travel through the earth. Earthquakes are mostly brief but can cause mass
destruction within seconds.

Earthquake under a sea surface can also trigger a Tsunami which causes
large scale destruction along the shoreline. Earthquakes can’t be avoided
though, they can be forecasted and a warning could be issued.

Earthquakes are caused mostly by natural reasons however sometimes

these can even be man-made. Nuclear bombing, building of dams and mining
are few such human activities that can cause earthquake. Volcanic eruptions are
a common cause of earthquake. Areas that are faced with frequent volcanic
activities are more prone to earthquakes.

There are a number of ways by which we can protect us from earthquake.

Common measures include getting under a sturdy desk or table, staying away
from glass or anything that could fall at the time of earthquake.

If we are outdoors then should move to an open area away from building and
streetlights and stay there until the shaking stops. If we are trapped inside a
building then we should not move around. We should cover our mouth with a
handkerchief or clothing. We should shout only as a last resort as it can cause to
inhale dangerous amounts of dust. We should heed warnings and instructions
from official organizations and let our family and friends know that all is well.

#
 LETTER WRITING

 Important Points -

 Language- should not have grammatical & punctuation errors.

 Continuity and Understanding- The paragraphs should be interlinked and

the content written should be relevant to points the topic.

 Content- The objective of the topic, its components, its strength, and
weaknesses, as well as threats, should be discussed in the main content.

 Suggestions- Ideas regarding better implementation or development of

the topic.

FORMAL LETTER

Examination Hall (Add.) New Delhi

July 1, 2020 (Date)

The Editor The TOI

New Delhi
Subject: Poor Quality of Air in Our locality. Sir/ Madam

• Introduction

• Body

• Conclusion

Yours truly

Name (Given)

INFORMAL LETTER

Examination Hall (Add.)

Delhi

July 1, 2020 (Date) Dear Relative/friend

• Introduction

• Body

• Conclusion

Yours lovingly Name (Given)

You are Raman/Ritika. Write a letter to your

younger brother Abhishek about the positive and negative impact of social
media

Examination Hall New Delhi

13th July, 2020

Dear Abhishek,

I am quite well here and hope that you will also be hale and hearty. I am writing
this letter to tell you about the positive and negative impact of social media.

Social media has changed the way people interact with each other. Social
networking sites allow people to communicate and remain in contact with
friends as well as meet new people.

Users also share videos, photos, music, documents and many other things. But
Social media does have negative effects as well. It has reduced the amount of
face to face socializing and replace it with online interaction.

People that frequently use social media sites are also prone to social isolation
which can lead to depression and decreased social skills.
I hope you will use social media sites as per the need because excessive use of it
can cause wastage of time and energy. Give my regards to mother and dad.

Yours lovingly Raman/Ritika

• You are Kamal/Komal. Write a letter to your friend Karan about

Ayodhya Verdict.

Examination Hall New Delhi

14th July, 2020 Dear Karan,

I am quite well here and hope that you

will also be hale and hearty. I am writing this letter to tell you about Ayodhya
verdict.

As we all know Lord Ram was born in Ayodhya and ruled over his kingdom
from there. The people of Ayodhya built a temple there to commemorate his
birth place

known as Janmabhoomi. A mosque was built at the same place by destroying

the Janmabhoomi temple by Mir Baqi, a general of Babar in 1528.
In December 1992, Babri Masjid structure demolished by karsevaks. On 9
November 2019, the Supreme Court, headed by Chief Justice Ranjan Gogoi,
announced their verdict.

The disputed site to be given to Ramjanmabhoomi Nyas (trust) and the title of
the land given to Ramlalla viraajman and Muslims to get another site of 5 acres
for building Mosque.

I hope this information will help you in your competitive exams. Give my
regards to mother and dad.

Yours lovingly Kamal/Komal

You are Karan/Kiran. Write a letter to your

friend Ravi about Increasing Pollution in your locality and also give its
solutions.

Examination Hall New Delhi

15th July, 2020

Dear Ravi,

I am quite well here and hope that you will

also be hale and hearty. I am writing this letter to tell you about increasing
pollution in Delhi.

Delhi is being marked as one of the most heavily polluted cities in the world.
There has been a huge rise in the vehicular population, traffic congestion and
increasing air and noise pollution.

One of the main reasons of increasing air pollution levels in Delhi is crop
burning by the farmers in Haryana and Punjab.

We should use public transport like Metro, overhead rail and bus services to
travel by public transport affordably and safely instead of using own vehicles.

Government should encourage use of CNG in motor vehicles as it is much clean

fuel than petrol or diesel.

I hope this information will help you in your competitive exams. Give my
regards to mother and dad. I'll write you soon.

Yours lovingly Karan/Kiran

You are Kamal/Komal. Write a Letter to the

editor of Times of India on increasing road accidents in your locality.

Examination Hall New Delhi

July 16, 2020

The Editor

The Times of India New Delhi

Subject: Preventing road accidents on road

Respected Sir,

Through the esteemed column of your newspaper, I would like to draw the
attention of the concerned authorities towards the serious accidents occurring on

road in the recent past and hence it is a matter of great concern for all of us.
Almost everyone has been affected by such accidents at one time or the other,
because a relative or friend is somehow connected to such accidents. The
number of deaths per year per 10000 motor vehicles in India is 10 to 15 times
more than that of developed countries.

The number of motor vehicles is increasing day by day. Though it is a sign of

improving economy of the country, it is bitter truth that it also adds to accidents
on roads.

It is hence, requested that some stringent measures have to be adopted by the

authorities to prevent the occurrence of these accidents and improve the
situation on the roads.

Thanking you

Yours truly Kamal/Komal

You are Mohan/Sonali. Write a letter to your friend about PM-KISAN Scheme.

Examination Hall Kanpur

17th July, 2020

Dear friend,

I am quite well here and hope that you will also be hale and hearty. I am writing
this letter to tell you about PM-KISAN Scheme.

Considering the deteriorating condition of the famers the Government has

launched “Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi (PM-KISAN)” scheme to
provide an assured income support to the small and marginal

farmers. This Scheme is effective from 1st December, 2018.

Under the Scheme an income support of Rs.6000 per year is provided to all
farmer families acroass the country in three equal installments of Rs.2000/-
each, every four months.

The fund is directly transferred to the bank accounts of the beneficiaries. It

would provide assured supplemental income to the famers and can also be used
for procuring inputs such as seeds, fertilizers, equipment, labour and other
emergent needs.

I hope this information will help you in your competitive exams. Give my
regards to mother and dad. I'll write you soon.

Yours lovingly Mohan/Sonali

You are Sameer/Suman. Write a letter to the

editor of a newspaper about the problem faced by commuters due to reckless

driving of public vehicles.

Examination hall Kanpur

18th July, 2020

The Editor Hindustan Times,

Nehru Nagar, Kanpur

Subject: Letter regarding Reckless Driving Respected Sir,

With due respect, I wish to draw attention of the concerned authority through
your esteemed daily, towards increasing incidents of road accidents.

Road accidents are on a rise especially in big cities. In rural areas, road
accidents may have different causes like poor road conditions but in cities most
of the road accidents are result of reckless driving.

It is high time that proper steps are taken to put a stop to the reckless driving of
motor cars in our thickly populated city. I hope that the public will bring
pressure to bear upon the police and municipal authorities to put a stop to
reckless driving.

Thanking you
Yours Faithfully Sameer/Suman

• You are Mansi/Manan. Write a letter to your friend who just met with an
accident informing him about his speedy recovery in a consoling tone.

Examination Hall Kanpur

19th July, 2020

Dear friend,

Thank god, you are alive. Almighty never do wrong with good people. I was
shocked when I hear about your accident. You should thank God for giving you
a fresh lease of life.

Everything is going to be fine very soon. I even talked to your doctor this
morning and he told me that you are out of danger now.

You will have to remain in the hospital for a few more days but that is not
something you should be concerned about. Your family and friends are there for
you. Don’t forget that life is a mixture of joys and sorrows.
Hope to see you soon. My parents and younger

sister have sent you lots of love and wishes. Get well soon!

Yours truly Mansi/Manan

You are Geeta/Manan. Write a letter to your friend appreciating his book that he
wrote in Delhi while pursuing his writing career.

Examination Hall Delhi

20th July, 2020 Dear friend,

I am writing you this letter to tell you how proud I am of you. I just came to
know that you wrote

a book while pursuing your writing career. I read it.

It was amazing!

The speech and the flow in which it is written is commendable. I really liked
your choice of words. I know that most of your books are inspired from actual
life experiences and this book clearly demonstrates how committed and hard-
working you’ve been.
It is doing absolute justice to what you’ve gone through and how well you have
handled it.

Your book will be famous really soon.

My friend, since you left for Delhi to pursue your writing career, we have
drifted apart, unfortunately. I hope we meet soon. Hope you fulfil your dreams.

Yours lovingly Geeta/Manan

• You are Mansi/Manan write a letter to your friend telling him about
Earthquake Safety.

Examination Hall Delhi

22nd July, 2020

Dear friend,

I am writing this letter to tell you about earthquake safety and how we can
protect us at the time of earthquake.
Earthquake occurs due to disturbance in the tectonic plates. The rapid release of
energy creates seismic waves that travel through the earth and can cause mass
destruction in few seconds.

There are a number of ways by which we can protect us from earthquake.

Common measures include getting

under a sturdy desk or table, staying away from glass or anything that could fall
at the time of earthquake.

If we are trapped inside a building then we should not move around. We should
shout only as a last resort as it can cause to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.

I hope you will remember these measures at the time of earthquake so that
damage can be avoided or reduced.

Yours lovingly Mansi/Manan

Write a letter to your friend Mukesh congratulating him for his new job offer.
He just graduated from college. You are Karan/Sonam.

Examination Hall Kanpur

19th May, 2020

Dear friend,

My happiness knew no bounds when I got to know that you have cleared the
SSC exam and achieved your dream. I felt so pleased that I wish I were there to
congratulate you personally.

The result has proved that hard work, determination and perseverance bring
good results. You were so laborious and passionate about it. I know you were
very nervous too, but I was always very confident that you would come out with
flying colours.

I apologise that I couldn’t even attend the celebration party despite my wishes.
Hope to see you soon. Please be encouraged and continue your hard work. Your
future is very bright.

My parents and elder sister have sent lots of love and heartiest congratulations.
With lots of love and best wishes.

Yours lovingly Karan/Sonam

• Write a letter to the railway ministry expressing your concern about
sabotage attempts on the railway tracks. You are Sahai/Neetu.

Examination Hall New Delhi

15th August, 2020

The Railway Minister Ministry of Railway

New Delhi

Subject: Sabotage attempts on railway tracks.

Sir,
I am highly pained to see that recently the cases of

sabotage and tampering with the railway tracks are on rise and around 45 cases
of attempted sabotage were reported recently. Several terror groups are posing
serious threats to rail security.

Several such attempts have been foiled by the vigilant staff of the railway but
the fear continues to haunt the travellers and plague the railway minister.

The Railway Ministry must understand that the security of India by and large is
at stake and hence various intelligence agencies must be requested to join hands
with one another and the alert Railway staff in order to stop this unusual risk.

I hope you will look into the matter seriously and do the needful as this is an
urgent matter of nation’s security.

Thanking you

Yours truly Sahai/Neetu

• You are Sameer/Suman living in Chandan Nagar, Delhi. Write a letter to

municipal corporation about water shortage in your locality.
Examination Hall New Delhi

11th August, 2020

The Administrator Municipal Corporation Delhi

Subject: About shortage of water supply.

Sir,

With due respect, I would like to draw your

attention towards the shortage of water in my locality. It is said water is life and
no one can live without it. The population of my locality is increasing leaps and
bounds but the supply of water is very meagre and inadequate.

Water supply is made available hardly 5 to 8 hours in a day. Not to talk of water
for washing or bathing even the water for drinking is insufficient. The residents
of my locality are forced to face water crisis.
Therefore, It is a humble request to you to make sufficient supply of water in
my locality. I hope you will take this issue seriously and solve the problem as
soon as possible.

Thanking you

Yours faithfully Sameer/Suman

• You are Rahul/ Neha living in Mumbai. You have been facing the
menace caused by stray cattle in your locality. Write a letter to the concerned
authorities drawing their attention towards problem.

Examination Hall New Delhi

10th August, 2020

The Municipality

North-West Zone Mumbai

Subject: Menace of Stray cattle

Sir,

This is to draw your attention towards the menace

caused by the stray cattle roaming about in our locality and as far as I think over
the whole of Mumbai.

These cattle disrupt smooth traffic flow and even sit on the middle of the roads
causing traffic jams on the roads. The stray cattle feed on the garbage thrown in
the bins placed at different corners of our area thereby littering the surrounding.

It is the time for the authorities to take strict actions against the owners of the
cattle who milk them and then they leave them on roads for the whole day. The
cattle must be seized and transported to the nearest cow shelter and heavy
penalty be imposed on their masters.
I hope, stringent action will be taken by the authority in this regard and steps
will be initiated to safeguard the residents from this menace.

Thanking you

Yours sincerely Rahul/ Neha

• You are Karan/Kawita, member of an NGO. Write a letter to the editor of

a national daily for cleaning the Ganga river.

Examination Hall New Delhi

18th August, 2020

The Editor

Hindustan Times Kanpur

Subject: Need for cleaning Ganga river.

Sir,

Through the esteemed column of your

newspaper, I would like to highlight the deteriorating condition of river Ganga.

The city of Kanpur is getting contaminated water from river Ganga. The
residents are to be blamed for this. They pollute the river with garbage and
sewage.

The river water is full of bacteria, plastic, chemicals and other waste materials.
It is unfit for consumption. The people have been demanding a Water Treatment
plant. The authorities have not yet responded to the repeated requests.

I request you to highlight the problem in your newspaper and arouse public
interest. We all need to get together in order to get the plant set up in the area. I
hope you will publish this letter for public interest.

Thanking you

Yours sincerely Karan/Kawita

• You are Rahul/ Neha living in Mumbai. Write a Letter to Editor about
breakdown of electricity in your locality.

Examination Hall New Delhi

19th August, 2020

The Editor Hindustan Times,

Jawahar Nagar, Kanpur

Subject: Letter to Editor about breakdown of electricity Respected Sir,

My name is Rahul/ Neha and I am a citizen of Jawahar Nagar Kanpur area.

Through your popular newspaper Hindustan Times, I want to highlight the
hardships faced by the residents of this locality regarding frequent breakdown
of electricity.

In our locality, we have been suffering with frequent power cuts. The issue has
not been taken seriously by the board despite of many complaints from us.
Electricity has become a basic necessity in our everyday life.

Breakdowns cause a great difficulty and even the students are unable to study
properly.
Therefore, I request you to publish this issue in your newspaper so that the
authorities pay attention to these problems and improve the breakdown of
electricity.

Thanking you

Yours Faithfully Rahul/ Neha

• You are Ravi/Ravina. Write a letter to your younger brother Ashish about
the consequences of revoking article 370 from Jammu and Kashmir.

Examination Hall New Delhi

19th August, 2020

Dear Ashish,

I am quite well here and hope that you will also be hale and hearty in Delhi. I
am writing this letter
to tell you about revoking of Article 370 from Jammu and Kashmir.

The article 370 of the Indian constitution grants a

‘temporary’ autonomous status to the state of Jammu & Kashmir. The Jammu
and Kashmir Reorganization Bill, 2019, divides the state of J&K into two new
Union Territories i.e. Jammu & Kashmir and Ladakh.

Instead of 29, India will now have 28 states and J&K Assembly will have a
five-year term, not six, as was the earlier. Jammu & Kashmir will no longer
have the separate constitution, flag or anthem.

Things change for this beautiful state which has long struggled for peace and
justice and it will prove to be beneficial for the state as well as the country as a
whole.

I hope this information will help you in your competitive exams. give my
regards to mother and dad.

Yours lovingly Ravi/Ravina

• You are Raman/Ritika. Write a letter to your younger brother Abhishek
about the new vehicle act, 2019.

Examination Hall New Delhi

18th August, 2020

Dear Abhishek,

I am quite well here and hope that you will also be hale and hearty in Delhi. I
am writing this letter to tell you about the new vehicle act, 2019.

In order to prevent the menace of road accidents, the Motor Vehicle Act, 1988
is amended and implemented in India since September 1, 2019.

This new act has increased fine for many offenses to check the road accidents
and improve the road safety in the country. Under the Motor Vehicle Act, 2019
driving without Insurance will be fined Rs 2000, without Helmets will be fined
to Rs 1000 & driving without seat belt will cost Rs. 1000.

Now the fine for Drink and Driving is increased from Rs 2,000 to Rs 10,000.
This new motor vehicle act will improve the Indian transportation system and
reduce the number of road accidents.
I hope this information will help you in your competitive exams. Give my
regards to mother and dad. I'll write you soon.

Yours lovingly Raman/Ritika

You are Raman/Shakshi. Write a letter to request the bank manager of SBI to
reissue a new ATM card.

Examination Hall New Delhi

5th Sept, 2020

The Branch Manager SBI bank

Jawahar Nagar Branch, Delhi

Subject: Request for reissuing a new ATM card.

Sir,

I am a customer of your bank and having

a savings account in your bank branch for past 3 years.

Through this letter I would like to request you to issue a new ATM cum Debit
card to me.

I already had an ATM card previously but it has been damaged as I mistakenly
kept it in my trousers and the card got damaged when the trouser went for
washing. Hence I would like to request you to issue me a new ATM cum debit
card. My bank account details are as under:

A/c. Holder: XYZ A/c. No: 1234567890

Old Debit Card Number: 1234567899876543

I am surrendering the damaged ATM cum debit card along with this letter.
Kindly issue me a new card at the earliest.

Thanking you

Yours Faithfully Raman/Shakshi

Enclosure: Damaged ATM Card

You are Abhinav/Rinky. Write a letter to Bank manager of Punjab National
Bank to complaint about undue delay or rejection of loan approval.

Examination Hall New Delhi

3rd Sept, 2020

The Branch Manager Punjab National Bank Swaroop Nagar, Delhi

Subject: Undue delay or rejection of loan approval

Sir/ Madam,
I am an account holder in your bank with my saving account number
123456789521. I had applied for a loan in your bank but the loan is not
approved for one or another reason.

I have fulfilled all conditions as demanded by your bank staff but now they are
saying that the loan cannot be approved. I think there is a mistake by the bank
and it should be reconsider as everything from my side are okey.

I therefore request you to consider my loan application again and guide me that
what should I do to get approval.

Thanking you

Your sincerely Abhinav/Rinky

• You are Punit/Payal. Write a letter to State Bank of India to complaint

about your cheque that is dishonored without any fault.

Examination Hall New Delhi

4th Sept, 2020

The Branch Manager State Bank of India Swaroop Nagar, Delhi

Subject: Undue dishonor of cheque

Sir/ Madam,

I am an account holder in your bank with my saving account number

123456789521. I had issued a cheque of Rs. 50,000 in favor of M/s ABC Ltd.
but my

cheque is dishonored on the ground that there are insufficient funds in my bank
account.

When I checked, I found that there were Rs. 75,000 in my account on said date.
This is not the first time that my cheque is bounced, it is a very serious issue
with regard to your bank’s prestige as well as of mine hope you understand.

I therefore request you to take necessary action as soon as possible and credit
the cheque bounce charges into my account.

Thanking you.

Your sincerely Punit/Payal

• Write a complaint letter to Amazon, Online Shopping Company
regarding receiving damaged goods. You are Gaurav/Payal.

Examination Hall Kanpur

6th Sept, 2020

Amazon

Online Store Manger

Subject: Complaint Regarding Damaged Goods Sir/Madam,

I had visited to your website yesterday and picked up a 355 model, fully-
automatic washing machine with drier. I paid an amount of Rs. 25000 for the
same and requested its delivery to my residence, today morning.

However, upon opening the parcel on its delivery this morning, I asked your
representative to fix the machine and familiarize us with its operations.
Although the machine was in working condition, the panel of the switches and
buttons were cracked.

Your representative checked the piece thoroughly and declared that the entire
panel would have to be replaced. Since the item was damaged even before we
tried to use it, and it is with a two-year warranty.
I request your office to replace the damaged piece.

I am sending a copy of my payment receipt and warranty card with your

representative.

Thanking You

Yours sincerely Gaurav/Payal

• You are Kamal/Komal. Write a letter to your favorite author praising him
or her for his book?

Examination Hall Kanpur

5th Sept, 2020

Respected Sir,

I am Kamal/Komal one of the greatest fans of your work. I am writing this letter
to express my great appreciation for the book which I recently read named “You
Can Win” penned by you.
I have read almost all the books written by you. Your books are the best that
motivates me to work harder and harder in order to achieve all my goals. Your
books allow me to experience the whole world from a different perspective and
enables me to understand the reality of the world.

I really like the way you give the precious knowledge in the book with short
amusing stores.

I like your work very much. I am waiting for your new work. A lot of
appreciation from my side. I wish you all the best.

Yours Sincerely Kamal/Komal

• Write a letter to the defense minister raising the issue of poor Quality of
food served to the army.

Examination Hall Kanpur

8th Sept, 2020

The Defense Minister

Ministry of Defense New Delhi

Subject: Poor quality of food served to army.

Sir,

This is to draw your attention towards the poor

quality of food served to the army. This issue surfaced when a video was
uploaded by a BSF Jawan ‘Tej Bahdur Yadav’ on Social Media that jolted the
nation out of its slumber and pained all the Indians equally.

The food they intake is highly deficient in nutritional value and these jawans do
have high calorific demands to remain fit, active and energetic.

Soldiers are the guarding angels of our country. They must remain fit, happy
and contented. This serious allegation on the high ranked officers of
Paramilitary Forces has sent waves of fury and unrest across the nation. Our
soldiers deserve decent food and basic necessities to be vigilant and on guard.

I hope you will personally look into the actions of revengeful and erring seniors,
that raises voice against them.
Thanking you

Yours sincerely XYZ

• You are Abhishek/Arpita. Write a Letter to the President, municipal

committee of your town requesting him to set up a public library in your area to
cater to the needs of the residents.

Examination Hall Kanpur

15th Sept, 2020

The President Municipal Committee Kanpur

Subject: Setting up a Public Library

Sir,

I would like to inform you that our town

does not have any public library. Setting up a public library is the need of the
hour as more than 80 thousand students are preparing here for various
competitive examinations.

Our town is full of scholars, teachers and lawers who need variety of books.
Unfortunately, there is no library in our area. We have already made many
requests to provide us a permanent library in our area.

I therefore, request you to establish a public library that have variety of books
and easily accessible to all in our town. For this I will be grateful to you. I hope
you will better understand our need as you yourself are a highly educated
person.

Thanking you

Yours Sincerely Abhishek/Arpita

• You are Kamal/Komal. Write a letter to your friend inviting him on your
birthday party?

Examination Hall Kanpur

15th Sept, 2020

Dear friend,

How are you friend? We did not meet for a long time. I will be very happy if
you come to my house on my birthday on 30th October. On that day we are
organizing a party.

The venue for the party is my residence and party starts at 7:30 p.m. You are my
best friend and I cannot think of organizing the party without you. You came
last year and you know how much fun we had.

I have invited some more of my friends and they are all coming. My mother is
also missing you and she will be very happy to see you at the party. I will wait
for you on that day.

Please do come and father also asks about you.

Be sure to write soon and about your arrival. I will discuss the other things
when we meet.
Your friend Kamal/Komal

• Write a letter to your friend about your recent trip to goa with Your
family. You are Sumit/Sonali.

Examination Hall Kanpur

20th Sept, 2020

Dear friend,

I am quite well here and hope that you will also be hale and hearty. I am writing
this letter to you to share my wonderful experience of a trip to Goa with family.

We started from here in the morning by flight and reached there within two
hours. After resting for an hour in the hotel, we decided to leave for the famous
beaches of Goa. The climate was pleasant and the beach was full of people from
across the world.

I was on the beach playing with sea water, laughing and enjoying the beauty of
nature and sea. There are several water sports these that are extremely
adventurous and enjoyable.
The trip was extremely satisfying and enjoyable. I got time to spend with my
family. The only annoying experience was the sunburns that I am still trying to
get rid of. Convey my regards to your parents and love to your little brother &
sister.

Yours affectionately Sumit/Sonali

• Write a letter to your friend Mukesh congratulating him for his new job
offer. He just graduated from college. You are Sumit/Mahi.

Examination Hall Kanpur

9th Sept, 2020

Dear Mukesh,

I just heard that you have received a new job. I am very happy for you.
Congratulations!

I know it is not easy to get a good job in this troubled job market.
It is particularly tough for a fresh graduate with hardly any work experience.
The resourcefulness you displayed in your job search is commendable.

You have inspired me a lot and others that “Where there is a will, there is
definitely a way.” You have made us all proud.

I am quite confident that your knowledge of computer and artistic skills will
make you a great designer. I expect to hear great news coming from your
direction in the coming years.

May you fulfil all your dreams. My best wishes are with you.

Yours truly Sumit/Mahi

• Write a letter to the election commission lodging a complaint against Mr.

Kailash of ABC party who has flouted not only the directions of the election
commission but

the Supreme Court’s ruling also prohibiting candidates from seeking votes on
the ground of castes and religions. You are Rahul/Mahi

Examination Hall New Delhi

16th Sept, 2020

The Chief Election Commissioner The Election Commission of India New
Delhi

Subject: Violation of model code of conduct

Sir,

It pains me greatly while drawing your attention towards the brazen violation of
the model code of conduct and ruling of Supreme Court by Mr. Kailash of XYZ
party. The harangues of Mr. Kailash dampen the sanctity of this secular exercise
and are spreading hatred and conflict in our town.

A representative has great responsibilities towards the nation and he must be

secular and practice but Mr. ABC is raising unwanted concerns in the mind of
one religious group which in turn is disturbing the peace and harmony of our
town.

The Supreme Court of India has strictly ruled that no candidate must seek votes
in the name of religion, caste or community.

I shall be grateful to you if you urgently look into this blatant and willful
violation of law and take stern actions against this erring candidate.

Thanking you
Yours sincerely Rahul/Mahi

• You are Abhishek/Arpita. Write a Letter to the editor of The Hindu

newspaper drawing the attention of the authorities towards chaotic state of
traffic on road in your area.

Examination hall New Delhi

November 12, 2020

The Editor The Hindu New Delhi

Subject: Chaotic State of Traffic on Delhi Road

Sir,

Through the column of your esteemed daily, I would like to draw the attention
of the concerned authorities towards the chaotic conditions of traffic on the
roads that has worsened in the recent past and hence it is an obvious cause of
concern.
This has resulted in total confusion and anarchy on roads. Massive traffic jams
have become common routine. Commuters get hassled due to heavy traffic jams
since it takes a lot of time for them to reach their respective destinations.

Most of them get late for their work and others miss their trains or flights. These
chaotic conditions are due to the increase in number of vehicles too.

It is requested that some stringent measures have to be adopted by the traffic

police and authorities to improve the situation on the roads. Efficient policing at
the cross-road especially at peak hours has to be observed as well.

Thanking you

Yours truly Abhishek/Arpita

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