D.

Larry Dunville
[email protected]
574-210-8612

The OSHA 1910.179
Overhead and Gantry Crane

Codes and Specifications
Family Tree


By
D. Larry Dunville
Overhead Crane Consulting.com

www.OverheadCraneConsulting.com
 Overhead Crane Consulting, LLC Page 1

I. Introduction
A. Purpose Of This Document
This document was created out of my frustration with writing an article about overhead crane inspections.
Three years after selling my company, Dearborn Crane, I started my new company Overhead Crane
Consulting, LLC. I’ve spent thirty-five plus years in the crane business and the exact specifics of what OSHA
requires for the inspection of overhead cranes was about as clear as mud. I decided my new website,
OverheadCraneConsulting.com would be a great place to publish the ultimate guide to OSHA requirements
for overhead crane inspections.

After a couple weeks of research (that I thought would take just an afternoon), I discovered two overriding
facts.

1. The Givens
There are a pile “givens” that everyone in takes for granted. After a careful reading of OSHA and it’s official
Interpretations, many of these “givens” are not true, and many of the specs we assume to be gospel are
specifically excluded from OSHA 1910.179. In other word, don’t trust your “gut,” get it confirmed in black an
white.

2. The Iceberg
OSHA 1910.179: Overhead and Gantry Cranes, is the section of the massive code that covers what has come
to be called “industrial cranes.” As all documents written about engineering by lawyers, it’s vague, wordy and
just plane hard to understand.

It just can’t be that hard to get command of a document that’s less than 7000 words! The problem is that it’s
not just 7000 words, but in fact several hundred thousand words. Through the legal practice of
“Incorporation by Reference,” the lawmakers have managed to move literally hundreds of documents
outside of OSHA, under the OSHA tent. In other words, these documents that have been Incorporated by
Reference now have the same weight and force of law as the OSHA regulations.

3. The General Duty Clause

The General Duty Clause is the “catch 22” of OSHA. No matter what the spec says you “shall” do (or
conversely don’t have to do), the requirement to “provide a safe workplace” is like a cloud following your
every move.

What are the rules, where are they and who needs to know?

Drawing a Roadmap
Therefore, the purpose of this document is not a “decoder” of what OSHA means, but rather a roadmap as to
which documents are included within the purview of OSHA 1910.179. As you’re about to see, it’s much, much
more than those 7000 words in the OSHA document.

B. Document Color Coding

As you will see, there’s a lot of information here, more than most will need. I have color coded the document.
There are four primary documents, which are all the average crane user will need. I have put these four
specifications in red to aid in making fast work of your research.

C. Disclaimer/Call for Input

For disclaimer, see back page of document.

If the reader finds newer versions or missed documents, feel free to notify me and I’ll update this document
accordingly. Contact [email protected] , or call me at (574) 210-8612.

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II. Overhead and Gantry Cranes

This is a guide to the paper trail as dictated by OSHA 29 CFR 1910, that governs Overhead and Gantry Cranes. It
includes a comprehensive list of related documents that are the result of “Incorporation by Reference.” This
document also lists those documents and related pieces of equipment that are commonly considered to be
covered by OSHA 1910.179, but are in fact specifically excluded from coverage. This document refers specifically
to Overhead and Gantry Cranes and NOT, Mobile Cranes or Construction/Tower Cranes.

A. Overview
The regulatory requirements of Overhead and Gantry Cranes can be broken down into the following four
groups (plus one of excluded documents);

1. OSHA Regulations

a) Federal 1910.179: Overhead and Gantry Cranes

b) State Codes
Some states have chosen to adopt their own codes, which then supersede the federal codes. The state
codes can be very similar, or sometimes totally different.

2. Incorporation by Reference

a) ASME/ANSI B30.2: Top Running Bridge, Single or Multiple Girder, Top Running Trolley Hoist

b) CMAA 70: Specifications for Top Running Bridge & Gantry Type Multiple Girder Electric Overhead
Traveling Cranes

c) A multitude of other codes

3. General Duty Clause

The “Catch 22” of the OSHA code.

4. Equipment Owners Manuals

Manufacturer’s manuals specific requirements supersede OSHA requirements.

5. Excluded Documents

As Mark Twain would say,

“It ain’t what you don’t know that get’s you into trouble.
It’s what you know for sure, that just ain’t so.”

We’ve come to assume a lot of specs to be included in 1910.179 that really aren’t. This is a short list of the
major offenders.

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B. Detailed Drill-down of the Five Groups

1. Governmental Safety & Health Statues (OSHA)
a) The Federal Safety & Health Plan

OSHA has three components, 1926 Construction, 1915 Shipyards and 1910 General Industry. The
Overhead and Gantry Cranes are in section 179 of the 1910 General Industry Specifications.

(1) 29 CFR 1910 General Industry

1 Section 1910.179 Overhead and Gantry Cranes

Section 1910.179 is fairly short, a little under 7000 words. Unfortunately, all of OSHA is like an
iceberg. Most of the content of OSHA is hidden below the surface. Here we’ll start with the
obvious part, actual text from part 179. The following are the three paragraphs in which section
179 reaches out to include other specifications and thereby these documents gain the authority of
OSHA.

1.1) Para. 1910.179(b)(6)(i): Clearance from obstruction, Ref to CMAA Spec 70

1.2) Para. 1910.179(c)(2): Access to Crane, Ref to ANSI A14.3: Fixed Ladders

1.3) Para. 1910.179(b)(3): New and existing equipment, Ref to ANSI B30.2 Overhead and
Gantry Cranes

1.4) 1910.179 Interpretations

This is a little known library of interpretations of the 1910.179 specs. To date, there are 32
interpretations available at:

https://www.osha.gov/pls/oshaweb/owaquery.query_docs?
src_doc_type=INTERPRETATIONS&src_anchor_name=1910.179&src_ex_doc_type=CW
SA&src_unique_file=CSA19901211

These interpretations cover the following;

#1 Fitness of Operator

#2 Electrical Grounding

#3 Warning Signals

#4 Load Testing

#5 Below Hook Devices

#6 Two Wraps on Drum

#7 Worm Gear Braking

#8 Two Wraps on Drum

#9 Load Attachment Practice

#10 Jurisdiction

#11 Upper Limit Switch

#12 Inspection
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#13 Below Hook Device

#14 Clutch Overload Device

#15 Record Keeping

#16 B30.2 Version Date

#17 Holding Braking

#18 Braking

#19 Loads Over Workers

#20 Load Testing

#21 Upper Limit Switches

#22 Work Platform

#23 Wire Rope

#24 Grandfathering/General Duty Clause

#25 Hook Inspection

#26 Braking

#27 Underhung Cranes and Hoists

#28 Underhung Cranes and Hoists

#29 Emergency Switch Location

#30 Crane/Trolley Bumpers

#31 Wind Indicators

#32 Travel Limit Switches

1.5) Court Rulings

Periodically OSHA infractions are appealed and legal cases are brought to court that
further define or redefine the law. The following are two significant examples of such cases.
Both are OSHA appeals.

Secretary of Labor v. WCI Steel: Runway Inspections

Secretary of Labor v. S.K. Wellman Friction Company: Inspection Documentation

(2) 29 CFR 1915 Shipyards- this document does not apply to overhead crane inspections

(3) 29 CFR 1926 Construction- this document does not apply to overhead crane inspections

b) Alternate: State Safety & Health Plans

At the adoption of the Federal OSHA Statutes, the federal OSHA law provided for the state to adopt
their own programs. States that want to have their own programs were required to, at the very least,
adopt the federal statutes as a baseline and were then allowed to expand upon the base plan as they
wished. The states were then to submit their plans to the feds for approval.

Many of the states adopted plans essentially the same as the federal plans with a few additional
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sections to cover issues peculiar to their locale. A few states essentially started with a clean sheet of
paper and developed plans unique to that state. The list is as follows;

(1) Alaska- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(2) Arizona- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(3) California- Unique to California

(4) Connecticut- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(5) Hawaii- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(6) Illinois- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(7) Indiana- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(8) Iowa- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(9) Kentucky- Unique to Kentucky

(10) Maryland- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(11) Michigan- Unique to Michigan

(12) Minnesota- Unique to Minnesota

(13) Nevada- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(14) New Jersey- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(15) New Mexico- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(16) New York- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(17) North Carolina- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(18) Oregon- Unique to Oregon

(19) Puerto Rico- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(20) South Carolina- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(21) Tennessee- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(22) Utah- Unique to Utah

(23) Vermont- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(24) Virgin Islands- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(25) Virginia- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

(26) Washington State- Unique to Washington

(27) Wyoming- Adopted Federal plus added additional sections

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2. Incorporation by Reference
a) ANSI B30.2-43: Safety Codes for Cranes, Derricks, and Hoists

I Can’t find this 1943 document and believe it has been superseded by B30.2-67.

b) ANSI B30.5: Safety Code for Crawler, Locomotive and Truck Cranes

Not applicable per, introductory section 5-0.1 Scope

c) ANSI B30.2-67: Safety Code for Overhead and Gantry Cranes

This is a primary document. It is the code upon which the 1910.179 was written. This document has
been Incorporated by Reference, from 1910.6, which means that this document has the full force of
law, as if it were directly included into 1910.179.

(1) Specification Content

1 2-1.1.5 Warnings, Ref to ANSI 535.4 Label

2 2-1.3.2 Foundations, Ref to ANSI/ASCE 7-88 Braking

3 2.1.3.2 Crane Runways, Ref to AISC Manual of Steel Construction and CMAA Spec 70

4 2-1.4.1 Welded Construction, Ref to ANSI/AWS D1.1 and ANSI/AWS D14.1

5 2-1.4.2 Girders, Ref to CMAA Specification No. 70 or AISE/AIST Technical Report No. 6

6 2-1.5.2 Cab Construction, Ref to ANSI A1264.1 Guard railings and ANSI/SAE Z26.1 Glazing

7 2-1.5.3 Access to Crane, Ref to ANSI A14.3 Ladders

8 2-1.7.1 Construction of Service Platforms, Ref to ANSI A1264.1 Guard railings

9 2-1.7.2 Ladders and Stairways, Ref to ANSI A14.3 Ladders

10 2-1.10 Guards for Moving Parts, Ref to ASME B15.1

11 2-1.13.1 Electrical Equipment- General, Ref to Article 610 of ANSI/NFPA No. 70 National
Electric Code
12 2-1.14.5 Hooks, Ref to ASME B30.10 Hooks

13 2-2.1.4 Frequent Inspection, Ref to ASME B30.10 Hooks

14 2-2.1.5 Periodic Inspection, Ref to ASME B30.10 Hooks

15 2-3.8.1 Crane Lockout/Tagout- General, Ref to ANSI Z244.1 Lockout/Tagout

16 2-4.2.4 Adjustments, Repairs, and Replacements, Ref to ASME B30.10 Hooks

(2) B30.2 Interpretations

The ANSI/ASME committee has produced the following interpretations. The full interpretations
are available at,

https://cstools.asme.org/csconnect/FileUpload.cfm?View=yes&ID=19812.

2-1: B30.2 Relief

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2-2: Inspections

2-3: Scope of coverage

2-4: Bumpers/Stops

2-5: Limits/Anti-collision

2-6: Sudden acceleration

2-7: Warning devices

2-8: Spring return levers

2-9: Foot-walk

2-10: Headroom requirements

2-11: Inspection of hoists

2-12: Rated load test

2-13: Extensive repairs

2-14: Load test

2-15: Load test

2-16: Brake

2-17: Rated load test

2-18: Brake

2-19: Temporary scaffolding

2-20: Braking

2-21: Load test

2-22: Braking

2-23: Rated capacity

2-24: Power button

2-25: Rail sweeps

2-26: Hook

2-27: Hook

2-28: Operator fitness

2-29: Pulpit operation

2-30: Planned engineering lift

2-31: Rated load

2-32: Underhung cranes

2-33: Testing load brake

2-34: Upper limit switch

2-35: Overload

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2-36: Load markings

2-37: Telescoping gantry

2-38: Wind lock

2-39: Load over people

2-40: Braking

2-41: Qualified person

2-42: Testing

2-43: Testing

2-44: Braking & 2-44R Braking

2-45: Upper limit switch

2-46: Wind indicator

2-47: Ladder

2-48: Upper limit switch

2-49: Planned engineered lift

2-50: Braking

2-51: Runway inspection

2-52: Planned engineered lift

2-53: Two wraps

2-54: Rated capacity

2-55: Brake

2-56: Runway

2-57: Breaker location

2-58: Upper limit switch

2-59: Unattended load

2-60 Load test

(3) Court Rulings

(See OSHA Court Rulings above)

d) CMAA Specification IO61/CMAA Spec 70

This seems to be a typo in the 1910.179 federal document. I have called CMAA in search of this
document and they have no record of such a document. It is our guess that the 1910.179 authors were
referring to the EOIC 61 spec. The precursor to CMAA was the Electric Overhead Industrial Crane
(EOIC) Association, which established a spec for overhead cranes in 1961. This spec has been
superseded by CMAA Spec 70: Specification for Top Running Bridge & Gantry Type Multiple Girder
Electric Overhead Traveling Cranes. The latest editions (as of this writing on 8/16/16) is the 2015
edition.

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Note, it is important to distinguish CMAA 70 from the CMAA 74: Specifications for Top running &
Under Running Single Girder Electric Traveling Cranes Utilizing Under Running Trolley Hoist. These
two specs are often referred to together, but the 1910.179 only Incorporates by Reference, Spec 70.

As it typical of most other specs, CMAA 70 includes references to other specs as follows;

(1) Specification Content

1 70-1 GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS

1.1) Para 1.8 General, Ref to OSHA 1910.179 Overhead and Gantry Cranes

1.2) Para 1.8 General, Ref to ASME B30.2 Safety Standards for Overhead and Gantry Cranes

1.3) Para 1.5 Runway Conductors, Ref to Article 610 National Electric Code

1.4) Para 1.5 Runway Conductors, Ref to OSHA 1910.304.(g)(5) & (g)(7) grounding conductor

1.5) Para 1.8 General, Ref to ASME B30.2 Safety Standards for Overhead and Gantry Cranes

1.6) Para 1.2 Building Design Considerations, Ref to ANSI ASC A14.3 Safety Requirements for
Fixed Ladders

1.7) Para 1.15 Inspection, Maintenance and Crane Operator Training, Ref to ASME B30.2 Safety
Standards for Overhead and Gantry Cranes, Chapter 2-2 & 2-3

1.8) Para 1.15 Inspection, Maintenance and Crane Operator Training, Ref to CMAA Spec 78,
Crane Inspection and Maintenance Checklist

1.9) Para 1.15 Inspection, Maintenance and Crane Operator Training, Ref to CMAA Spec 79,
Crane Operator's Manual

2 70-3 STRUCTURAL DESIGN

2.1) Para. 3.1 Material, Ref to ASTM-A36

2.2) Para. 3.1 Material, Ref to ASTM A992

2.3) Para 3.2 Welding, Ref to AWS D14.1 Specification for Welding Industrial and Mill Cranes

2.4) Para 3.3.2.3.1 Stored Wind Loads, Ref to ASCE/SEI 7

2.5) Para 3.3.2.2.1 Operating Wind Loads, Ref to ASCE/SEI 7

2.6) Para 3.8.5 Operators Cab, Ref to ASME B30.2 Safety Standards for Overhead and Gantry
Cranes

2.7) Para 3.10.1 Bridge Rails, Ref to ASCE, ARA or AREA

2.8) Para 3.12.1 Structural Bolting, Ref to AISC Specification for Structural Joints

2.9) Para 3.12.1 Structural Bolting, Ref to ASTM A325 or ASTM A490 Bolts

3 70-4 MECHANICAL DESIGN

3.1) Para 4.1.4 Stress Concentration Factors, Ref to "Peterson's Stress Concentration Factors"
by Walter D. Pilkey

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3.2) Para 4.5.1 Sheaves, Ref to ASTM A48

3.3) Para 4.6.1 Drum, Ref to ASTM A27

3.4) Para 4.7.3 Horsepower rating, Ref to AGMA Standard 2001-D04 "Fundamental Rating
Factors and Calculations Methods

3.5) Para 4.7.2 Gearing and Pinions, Ref to ANSI/AGMA 2000-A88 "Gear Classification and
Inspection Handbook"

3.6) Para 4.12.1 Cross Shaft Couplings, Ref to ASTM A48

4 70-5 ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT

4.1) Para 5.1.4 Wiring and Equipment, Ref to Article 610 National Electric Code

4.2) Para 5.1.5 Electrical Equipment, Ref to ASME B30.2 Safety Standards for Overhead and
Gantry Cranes

4.3) Para 5.2.1 Motors, Ref to NEMA MG1 or AISE No. 1 or 1A

4.4) Para 5.2.4.1.1 Variation from Rated Voltage, Ref to NEMA MG 1-12.45

4.5) Para 5.2.4 Voltage, Ref to AIST Tech Report TR-01-1991 DC mill motors

4.6) Para 5.2.4 Voltage, Ref to NEMA MG 1-10.62 Industrial motors

4.7) Para 5.2.4.1.2 Voltage Unbalance, Ref to NEMA MG 1-12.46

4.8) Para 5.2.4.2 Variations- DC, Ref to NEMA MG 1-12.68

4.9) Para 5.2.5 Operation with voltage variations, Ref to ANSI C84.1.2.4.3 range B

4.10) Para 5.2.5 Operation with voltage variations, Ref to IEEE Standard 141

4.11) Para 5.2.8 Squirrel cage motors, Ref to NEMA Design D

4.12) Para 5.4.7.1 Control Panels, Ref to NEMA Standards publication ICS6 classifications

4.13) Para 5.4.7.4 Electrical control system, Ref to Article 610 National Electric Code, NEC
610.14(G) & NEC 610.16

4.14) Para 5.6.5 Branch circuit protection, Ref to NEC Section 610-42 Branch Circuit Protection

4.15) Para 5.6.7 Motor running over current protection, Ref to NEC 610-43 Overload
Protection

4.16) Para 5.6.8 Control circuits, Ref to NEC 610-53 Over-current Protection

4.17) Para 5.6.15 Separate grounding conductor, Ref to Article 610 National Electric Code

4.18) Para 5.6.17 Lighting, Ref to NFPA 780- Standard for installation of Lighting Protection
Systems

4.19) Para 5.8.9 Wire size, Ref to Article 610 National Electric Code

4.20) Para 5.11.1 Bridge conductors, Ref to Article 610 National Electric Code

4.21) Para 5.11.6 Grounding, Ref to OSHA 29 CFR 1910.304(g)(5) & (g)(7) path to ground
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4.22) Para 5.13.3 Voltage drops, Ref to Article 610 National Electric Code

4.23) Para 5.14.3 Inverters, Ref to NEC 610.42

4.24) Para 5.14.8 Separate ground, Ref to NEC 610.61

4.25) Para 5.14.10 Cable selection, Ref to NEC 610.14

4.26) Para 5.14.11 Inverter controls, Ref to ECMA Specification 25

4.27) Para 5.15.1 Remote control, Ref to see applicable ASME standards

4.28) Para 5.15.8 Cable-less controls, Ref to ECMA Specification No. 15

4.29) Para 5.17.2 Below hook devices, Ref to ASME B30.20 Below the Hook Devices

4.30) Para 5.17.2 Below hook devices, Ref to SME BTH-1 Design of Below the Hook Lifting
Devices

(2) CMAA Interpretations

The CMAA has a document called “Most Asked Action Alert.” This document is available at

www.mhi.org/downloads/industrygroups/cmaa/faqs/most-asked-action-alerts.pdf

Where these interpretations might not necessarily have the force of law, who better to get a
clarification from, than the people that wrote the spec?

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3. General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1)

The General Duty Clause is the “Catch 22" of the OSHA code.

Under the General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1) of OSHA, employers are required to provide their
employees with a place of employment that "is free from recognizable hazards that are causing or likely to
cause death or serious harm.

National Council for Occupational Safety and Health:

“Under the General Duty Clause, the employer has an obligation to protect workers from serious and
recognized workplace hazards even where there is no standard.”

The NCOSH statement begs the question, why have any standards at all? Even though a crane may be
underhung and/or single girder (which is explicitly excluded from 1910.179), you are still subject to the
General Duty Clause.

This is not to say you’ll lose every “General Duty Clause” case, but it will require calling a lawyer, which
means dollar wise, you’ve already lost.

4. Owner’s Manual
OSHA requirement defers to specific requirements listed in the equipment owner’s manual.

5. Excluded Documents
I’ve discovered that there are a whole raft of documents that many (including myself) assumed required
adherence. The following are a few of these documents that although relevant to overhead crane
knowledge, are specifically excluded from being required by OSHA 1910.179.

a) ASME/ANSI B30.11-1980 is specifically excluded per OSHA Interpretation #27

b) ASME/ANSI B30.11 Monorail Systems and Underhung Cranes, is specifically excluded per OSHA
Interpretation #28

c) ASME/ANSI B30.16 Overhead Hoists, is specifically excluded per OSHA Interpretation #28

d) ASME/ANSI B30.17 Overhead and Gantry Cranes (Top Running Bridge, Single Girder, Underhung
Hoist) is specifically excluded per OSHA Interpretation #28

e) CMAA Spec 74, Specifications for Top Running & Under Running Single Girder Electric Traveling
Cranes Utilizing Under Running Trolley Hoists

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C. Summary
1. Tip of the Iceberg

OSHA compliance is much more than it appears, more than just 1910.179. In fact dozens of referenced
documents that because of “Incorporation by Reference” have the full force of law of the OSHA document.

2. Family Tree of Documents

a) Primary Documents
These are the documents you can’t ignore. Most of all, don’t be lured into thinking that the OSHA doc
is all you need, or you’ll fall in the trap of “Incorporation by Reference.”

(1) OSHA 1910.179

(2) ASME/ANSI B30.2

(3) CMAA Spec 70

(4) General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1)

b) Secondary Documents
(1) OSHA Interpretations

(2) OSHA 1910.179/B30.2 Court Rulings

(3) ASME/ANSI B30.2 Interpretations

(4) CMAA Spec 70/74 FAQ’s

(5) National Electric Code

c) Tertiary
(1) All other documents listed above

3. Exclusions

The following specs are explicitly NOT included by OSHA 1910.179;

-B30.11 Monorails and Underhung Cranes
-B30.16 Overhead Hoists (Underhung)
-B30.17 Overhead and Gantry Cranes
-CMAA Spec 74

Although underhung cranes, single girder cranes, monorails and underhung hoists are technically free of
OSHA inspections requirements, due to the General Duty Clause and the likelihood of being chased by a
Plaintiff’s lawyer in the event of an on the job injury, pursuing the OSHA 1910.179 guidelines for all cranes
should be considered.

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D. Disclaimer
Neither Overhead Crane Consulting,LLC, its officers, directors or employees have any other participation
in the development and preparation of the information contained in the Specifications. All inquiries
concerning this document should be directed in writing to D. Larry Dunville, Overhead Crane Consulting,
12666 Highland Shores Drive, Sawyer, MI 49125 or [email protected].

Users of this document must rely on their own engineers/designers or a manufacturer representative to
specify or design applications or uses. These Specifications are offered as information and guidelines
which a user may or may not choose to adopt, modify or reject. If a user refers to, or otherwise employs,
all or any part of these Specifications, the user is agreeing to the following terms of indemnity, warranty
disclaimer, and disclaimer of liability. The use of these Specifications is permissive and advisory only and
not mandatory. Voluntary use is within the control and discretion of the user and is not intended to, and
does not in any way limit the ingenuity, responsibility or prerogative of individual manufacturers to design
or produce electric overhead traveling cranes which do not comply with these Specifications. These
advisory Specifications provide technical guidelines for the user to specify his application. Following these
Specifications does not assure his compliance with applicable federal, state, and local laws or regulations
and codes. Caution must be exercised when relying upon other specifications and codes developed by
other bodies and incorporated by reference herein since such material may be modified or amended from
time to time subsequent to the printing of this edition.

DISCLAIMERS AND INDEMNITY DISCLAIMER OF WARRANTY: OVERHEAD CRANE CONSULTING,

LLC MAKE NO WARRANTIES WHATSOEVER IN CONNECTION WITH THESE SPECIFICATIONS.
OVERHEAD CRANE CONSULTING, LLC, SPECIFICALLY DISCLAIM ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF
MERCHANTABILITY OR OF FITNESS FOR PARTICULAR PURPOSE. NO WARRANTIES (EXPRESS,
IMPLIED, OR STATUTORY) ARE MADE IN CONNECTION WITH THESE SPECIFICATIONS.
DISCLAIMER OF LIABILITY: BY REFERRING TO OR OTHERWISE EMPLOYING THESE
SPECIFICATIONS USER SPECIFICALLY UNDERSTANDS AND AGREES THAT OVERHEAD CRANE
CONSULTING, THEIR OFFICERS, AGENTS AND EMPLOYEES SHALL NOT BE LIABLE IN TORT
AND IN CONTRACT—WHETHER BASED ON WARRANTY, NEGLIGENCE, STRICT LIABILITY, OR
ANY OTHER THEORY OF LIABILITY—FOR ANY ACTION OR FAILURE TO ACT IN RESPECT TO
THE DESIGN, ERECTION, INSTALLATION, MANUFACTURE, PREPARATION FOR SALE, SALE,
CHARACTERISTICS, FEATURES, OR DELIVERY OF ANYTHING COVERED BY THESE
SPECIFICATIONS. BY REFERRING TO, OR OTHERWISE EMPLOYING, THESE SPECIFICATIONS, IT
IS THE USER'S INTENT AND UNDERSTANDING TO ABSOLVE AND PROTECT OVERHEAD CRANE
CONSULTING, LLC, THEIR SUCCESSORS, ASSIGNS, OFFICERS, AGENTS, AND EMPLOYEES
FROM ANY AND ALL TORT, CONTRACT, OR OTHER LIABILITY. INDEMNITY: BY REFERRING TO,
OR OTHERWISE EMPLOYING, THESE SPECIFICATIONS, THE USER AGREES TO DEFEND,
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INCLUDING LOSS OF PROFITS AND REASONABLE ATTORNEY'S FEES, WHICH MAY ARISE OUT
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