Sumber Data SIK

Health Information
System Data Resourses
Diah Indriani
Departemen Biostatistika dan Kependudukan
Fakultas Kesehatan Mayarakat
Universitas Airlangga
Data and Information
transformed
Raw Data Informations
For decision making

process in Health
Management System
Information Process
1. Data collection
2. Data transmission
3. Data processing
4. Data analysis
5. Presentation of information for use
in planning dan managing the
health servise
Information Process
Data collection
Data transmission Resourses
Management
Data processing
Organization rules
Data analysis
Presentation of
information for use in
planning and managing
the health servise
Health Information System
Resourses
◼ Person (eg : planners, managers,
statisticians, epidemiologists, data
collectors)
◼ Hardware (eg : register, telephones,
computers)
◼ Software (eg : carbon paper, report
forms, data processing program)
◼ Financial resourses
Organizational Rules
◼ The use of diagnostic and treatment

procedure
◼ Definition of staff responsibilities
◼ Supply management procedure
◼ Computer maintenance procedure
◼ etc
Type of Data
◼ Qualitative
◼ Quantitative
transformasi
Qualitative Quantitative
Jenis Data
◼ Sifat
◼ Kuantitatif, Kualitatif
◼ Cara memperoleh
◼ Primer, sekunder, tertier
◼ Sumber Data
◼ Intern, ekstern
◼ Waktu Pengumpulan
◼ Crossectional, time series/ longitudinal
Data Source from Data
Collection
Routine data collection methods
Nonroutine data collection methods

Routine data collection
methods
Metode rutin merupakan metode
paling klasik yaitu dengan
pengumpulan laporan secara rutin
atau berkala. Contoh pengumpulan
data rutin adalah proses registrasi
penduduk (Kartu Tanda
Penduduk/KTP), laporan rutin
puskesmas (Form LB), laporan rutin
rumah sakit (Form RL)
Type of Routine Data Collection
Methods
◼ Health Unit Data Collection
◼ Daily health care activity
◼ Collecting data for patient/client and health unit
management
◼ Medical Report
◼ Community Data Collection
◼ to monitor the community activities, representative
data, planning for health services
◼ Pelaksana → health unit staff, community heath worker
(kader)
◼ Ex : angka kematian, angka kelahiran, migrasi
◼ Civil Registration
◼ Ex : cencus data
Nonroutine Data Collection
Methods
Metode nonrutin meliputi
◼ survei (ex : epidemiologi, sosiologi,
anthropologi, ekonomi, Riskesdas,
Rifaskes, dll)
◼ rapid assessment prosedures
◼ Individual interviews
◼ Focus groups
◼ Participant observation
◼ survei demografi (ex : kelahiran,
kematian, migrasi)
◼ metode penelitian yang lain
Data Characteristics
1. Ownership and Relevance
2. Validity and Reliability
3. Aggregation of Data
4. Customizing Information to Users’
needs
5. Timeliness of Feedback
Ownership and Relevance
◼ Semua user informasi harus
mempunyai rasa kepemilikan
terhadap data
◼ Relevan dengan kebutuhan proses
decision making
Validity and Reliability
◼ Data quality
◼ Reguler check (evaluasi)
◼ Tetap menjembatani antara data
quality dengan cost
Aggregation of Data
Yang sering terjadi, tapi seharusnya
tidak boleh terjadi :
◼ Data terlalu sedikit untuk
menghasilkan informasi yang detail
◼ Data over time (data tidak up to
date)
◼ Data over/less space/district
Process of Aggregation Data
Customizing Information to
Users’ Need
◼ Setiap level membutuhkan
jenis/tingkatan informasi yang
berbeda, oleh karena itu SIK harus
menyiapkan banyak infomasi sesuai
kebutuhan setiap level
Level Information User
Type of Information Needed
Timeliness of Feedback
◼ Proses raw data → informasi harus
tepat waktu agar proses decision
making tidak terhambat
◼ Feedback untuk evaluasi informasi
menjadi up to date
Data Transmission
Vertical data transmission
Between levels of health system
Feed back
Horizontal data transmission

Between actors and consumers
at the same level
Feed back
Data Transmission Type I
Data Transmission Type II
Data Transmission Type III
Comparation of Data
Transmission Type
◼ Speed of data transmission
?
◼ Complexity
◼ Data quality
◼ Accessibility of information
◼ Cost
◼ Where in use
Type of vertical Along administrative By passed Wide area network
transmission structure administration
structure
Speed of data + ++ Instan
transmission
Complexity + ++ +++++
Data quality + ++ +++
Accessibility + + +++
information
Where in use ? Most developing Some developing Exceptional in

country country developing country
in Developing Countries
▪ Irrelevance of the Information
Gathered
▪ Poor Quality of Data
▪ Duplication and Waste Among
Parallel Health Information System
▪ Lack of Timely Reporting and Feed
Back
▪ Poor Use of Information
Irrelevance of the Information
Gathered
◼ Data yang dikumpulkan dan dilaporkan
tidak sesuai dengan yang dibutuhkan
◼ Data yang dikumpulkan hanya akan
berguna pada tujuan manajemen secara
parsial (misal : berguna pada level
dokter, level pasien)
Poor Quality of Data
◼ Data dikumpulkan dan dilaporkan
tanpa kontrol dari technical skill of
the health worker collecting of the
data
Duplication and Waste Among Parallel
Hal ini disebabkan oleh :

◼ Tidak ada garis struktural yang jelas
pada tiap-tiap level health system
◼ Sistem yang tercipta kurang teratur
(pemisahan subsistem-subsistem
pada fungsi-fungsinya kurang jelas)
◼ Kurang koordinasi
Lack of Timely Reporting and Feed
Back
◼ Data tidak up to date, hal ini

disebabkan oleh proses transmitting,
compiling, analyzing and presenting
terlalu lama
◼ Kurangnya penggunaan teknologi
informasi (IT)
Poor Use of Information
◼ Karena data kurang berkualitas,
tidak up to date, obsolete, maka
data tersebut tidak mendukung
decision making proses → data
useless
Health Information System in
Developing Countries
1. Database kurang lengkap
2. Compile data hanya per minggu / per bulan
3. Report tanpa feed back
4. Data unhelpful management decision
5. Data are incomplete, inaccurate, absolete,
redundant, unrelated to priority task, and
functions of local health personnel
Akhirnya data menjadi kurang berguna

Sumber Data SIK

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Health Information

System Data Resourses

For decision making

Data transmission Resourses

◼ The use of diagnostic and treatment

Routine data collection methods

Nonroutine data collection methods

Horizontal data transmission

Data quality + ++ +++

Where in use ? Most developing Some developing Exceptional in

Hal ini disebabkan oleh :

◼ Data tidak up to date, hal ini

Akhirnya data menjadi kurang berguna

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