EMAR 516 Issue 1.1 17dec2010-1

EUROPEAN DEFENCE AGENCY
EMAR 516
EUROPEAN MILITARY AIRWORTHINESS

CERTIFICATION CRITERIA
Edition Number 1.1
Edition Date 17/12/2010
Status Working Draft
MILITARY AIRWORTHINESS
AUTHORITIES FORUM
EMAR 516B - EUROPEAN MILITARY AIRWORTHINESS CERTIFICATION CRITERIA
DOCUMENT CONTROL
DOCUMENT APPROVAL
The following table identifies the persons who have approved this document
NAME SIGNATURE DATE

Prepared by Frazer Nash Consultancy Ltd 17/12/2010
Verified by
Approved by
Approved by
Approved by
Approved by
Approved by
Approved by
Approved by
Edition Number : 1.0 Edition Date :Nov 2010 Status: Working Draft Page 2/451
DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD
Edition Edition Reason for change Sections or pages

Status
Number Date (detailed) affected
Working Draft issue for review
1.0 30/11/2010 All sections
Draft by TF 4.
Working Formal Issue as part of
1.1 17/12/2010 -
Draft Contract 09-ARM-008
STATUS
The Status of the document can take 3 values:

Working Draft: First version provided during the elaboration of the document by Task Force.
Draft: Draft version when issued by Task Force and proposed to MAWA Forum.
Approved: The document is approved by the participating Member States and is applicable.
EDITION
Edition will have the following template: Edition X.Y

The value of X will change after a major modification of the document
The value of Y will change after a minor modification of the document
TABLE OF CONTENTS
SECTION 1 - SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 8
1.1. Purpose ................................................................................................................................. 8

1.2. Applicability............................................................................................................................ 8
1.2.1. Tailoring to Create the Certification Basis ............................................................................... 9
1.3. Cross References................................................................................................................... 9
1.4. Information Sources ............................................................................................................... 9
SECTION 2 - APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS ............................................................................................... 11
2.1. General .................................................................................................................................11

2.2. Defence Standards................................................................................................................11
2.3. STANAGs .............................................................................................................................12
2.4. EASA Certification Specifications ..........................................................................................18
2.5. Department of Defence Specifications ...................................................................................19
2.6. Federal Aviation Administration Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) .......................................19
SECTION 3 - DEFINITIONS & ABBREVIATIONS ..................................................................................... 20
3.1. Definitions .............................................................................................................................20

3.2. Abbreviations and Acronyms .................................................................................................28
SECTION 4 - SYSTEMS ENGINEERING................................................................................................... 31
4.1. Design criteria. ......................................................................................................................31

4.2. Tools and databases. ............................................................................................................33
4.3. Materials selection.................................................................................................................33
4.4. Manufacturing and quality......................................................................................................34
4.5. Operator's and maintenance manuals/technical orders. .........................................................36
4.6. Configuration identification. ...................................................................................................37
4.7. Configuration status accounting.............................................................................................38
SECTION 5 - STRUCTURES..................................................................................................................... 39
5.1. Loads. ...................................................................................................................................40

5.2. Structural dynamics...............................................................................................................50
5.3. Strength. ...............................................................................................................................55
5.4. Damage tolerance and durability (fatigue)..............................................................................61
5.5. Mass properties.....................................................................................................................67
5.6. Flight release. .......................................................................................................................70
SECTION 6 - FLIGHT TECHNOLOGY....................................................................................................... 72
6.1. Stability and control. ..............................................................................................................73

6.1.1. Control power........................................................................................................................73
6.1.2. Stability characteristics and transients. ..................................................................................74
6.1.3. Flying, handling, and ride qualities. ........................................................................................75
6.1.4. Mission evaluations including flight path guidance. ................................................................81
6.1.5. Other effects..........................................................................................................................82
6.1.6. Envelopes. ............................................................................................................................87
6.1.7. Store carriage and separation................................................................................................89
6.2. Vehicle control functions (VCF). ............................................................................................91
6.2.1. VCF architecture design. .......................................................................................................91

6.2.2. Basic VCF. ............................................................................................................................94
6.2.3. VCF power source criteria. ..................................................................................................127
6.2.4. Flight worthiness evaluations. ..............................................................................................132
6.2.5. VCF software. .....................................................................................................................135
6.3. Aerodynamics and performance. .........................................................................................140
6.3.1. Flight vehicle. ......................................................................................................................140
6.3.2. Installed propulsion capability. .............................................................................................144
6.3.3. Flight limits. .........................................................................................................................147
SECTION 7 - PROPULSION AND PROPULSION INSTALLATIONS .......................................................150
7.1. Propulsion safety management. ..........................................................................................150

7.2. Gas turbine engine applications...........................................................................................153
7.2.1. Performance........................................................................................................................153
7.2.2. Operability...........................................................................................................................154
7.2.3. Structures............................................................................................................................156
7.2.4. Engine subsystems, components, computer resources and software. ..................................159
7.2.5. Installations. ........................................................................................................................170
7.3. Alternate propulsion systems...............................................................................................176
7.3.1. Propeller driven systems. ....................................................................................................176
7.3.2. Rotary wing systems. ..........................................................................................................179
7.3.3. Reciprocating engines. ........................................................................................................184
SECTION 8 - AIR VEHICLE SUBSYSTEMS.............................................................................................185
8.1. Hydraulic and pneumatic systems. ......................................................................................185

8.2. Environmental control system (ECS). ..................................................................................190
8.3. Fuel system.........................................................................................................................190
8.4. Fire and hazard protection...................................................................................................190
8.5. Landing gear and deceleration systems...............................................................................190
8.5.1. Arrangement, dynamics, and clearances. ............................................................................190
8.5.2. Landing gear structure.........................................................................................................190
8.5.3. Brake assemblies. ...............................................................................................................190
8.5.4. Brake control and anti-skid control. ......................................................................................190
8.5.5. Directional control................................................................................................................190
8.5.6. Landing gear actuation control.............................................................................................190
8.5.7. Auxiliary deceleration devices..............................................................................................190
8.5.8. Ground handling..................................................................................................................190
8.6. Auxiliary/emergency power system(s) (APS/EPS)................................................................190
8.7. Aerial refueling system. .......................................................................................................190
8.8. Deleted - Propulsion installations moved to section 7.2.5.....................................................190
8.9. Mechanisms........................................................................................................................190
8.10. External cargo hook systems (rotary wing)...........................................................................190
8.11. External rescue hoist (rotary wing).......................................................................................190
8.12. Fast rope insertion/extraction system (FRIES) (rotary wing).................................................190
SECTION 9 - CREW SYSTEMS ...............................................................................................................190
9.1. Escape and egress system..................................................................................................190

9.2. Crew stations and aircraft interiors.......................................................................................190
9.3. Air vehicle lighting. ..............................................................................................................190
9.4. Human performance............................................................................................................190
9.5. Life support systems. ..........................................................................................................190

9.6. Transparency integration. ....................................................................................................190
9.7. Crash survivability. ..............................................................................................................190
9.8. Air transportability and airdrop. ............................................................................................190
9.9. Lavatories, galleys, and areas not continuously occupied. ...................................................190
SECTION 10 - DIAGNOSTICS SYSTEMS................................................................................................190
10.1. Failure modes. ....................................................................................................................190

10.2. Operation. ...........................................................................................................................190
SECTION 11 - AVIONICS.........................................................................................................................190
11.1. Avionics architecture. ..........................................................................................................190

11.2. Avionics subsystems. ..........................................................................................................190
11.3. Avionics air vehicle installation. ...........................................................................................190
SECTION 12 - ELECTRICAL SYSTEM ....................................................................................................190
12.1. Electric power generation system. .......................................................................................190

12.2. Electrical wiring system, including power distribution. ..........................................................190
SECTION 13 - ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS (E3)...............................................190
13.1. Component/subsystem E3 qualification. ..............................................................................190

13.2. System-level E3 qualification. ..............................................................................................190
SECTION 14 - SYSTEM SAFETY.............................................................................................................190
14.1. System safety program........................................................................................................190

14.2. Safety design requirements. ................................................................................................190
14.3. Software safety program......................................................................................................190
SECTION 15 - COMPUTER RESOURCES...............................................................................................190
15.1. Air vehicle processing architecture. .....................................................................................190

15.2. Functional design integration of processing elements. .........................................................190
15.3. Subsystem/processing element. ..........................................................................................190
15.3.1. Electronics.........................................................................................................................190
15.3.2. Architecture mechanization................................................................................................190
15.3.3. Processing architecture verification for SOF items. ............................................................190
SECTION 16 - MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................190
16.1. Maintenance manuals/checklists. ........................................................................................190

16.2. Inspection requirements. .....................................................................................................190
SECTION 17 - ARMAMENT/STORES INTEGRATION .............................................................................190
17.1. Gun/rocket integration and interface. ...................................................................................190

17.2. Stores integration. ...............................................................................................................190
17.3. Laser integration and interface. ...........................................................................................190
17.4. Safety interlocks..................................................................................................................190
SECTION 18 - PASSENGER SAFETY .....................................................................................................190
18.1. Survivability of passengers. .................................................................................................190

18.2. Fire resistance.....................................................................................................................190
18.3. Physiology requirements of occupants.................................................................................190
SECTION 19 - MATERIALS .....................................................................................................................190
19.1. Properties and processes. ...................................................................................................190

19.2. Corrosion ............................................................................................................................190
19.3. Nondestructive inspection....................................................................................................190
19.4. Wear and erosion. ...............................................................................................................190
SECTION 20 - OTHER CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................................................190
20.1. Mission/test equipment and cargo/payload safety. ...............................................................190
SECTION 1 - SCOPE
1.1. PURPOSE
This document establishes the airworthiness certification criteria to be used in the determination of
airworthiness of all manned and unmanned, fixed and rotary wing air vehicle systems. It is a foundational
document to be used by the relevant military airworthiness authority or authorities or other entity to define
the air system’s airworthiness certification basis.
1.2. APPLICABILITY
The criteria within this document may be tailored and applied at any point throughout the life of an air
vehicle system when an airworthiness determination is necessary, especially when there is a change to
the functional or product baseline.
Rotary wing air vehicle and unmanned air system/remotely operated aircraft (UAS/ROA) features demand
unique safety-of-flight (SOF) system requirements. Therefore, unique criteria are included for these types
of systems to ensure that minimum levels of design for safe operation and maintenance are established.
The UAS/ROA operating system can be built into the vehicle or be part of the control station for remotely
operated aircraft. The UAS/ROA system comprises the control station, data links, flight control system,
communications systems/links, etc., as well as the air vehicle. UAS/ROA vary greatly in size, weight, and
complexity. Because they are unmanned, SOF risks associated with loss of aircrew may not apply.
However, as with manned air vehicles, SOF risk associated with personnel, damage to equipment,
property, and/or environment must be considered. As such, the airworthiness criteria may be tailored for
this unique application, including when a UAS/ROA is designed to be “expendable” or where the
UAS/ROA will conduct missions with “minimum life expectancy.” Consideration should be given to the
environment in which the UAS/ROA will be operated (controlled test range, national airspace, fleet usage,
including ship based applications), to the airframe life for which the air vehicle is designed, and to the
“expendability” of the UAS/ROA in close proximity to the control system, personnel, property, or other
equipment.
Similarly, air vehicles intended for use in ship-borne operations have unique requirements in areas such
as structural integrity, propulsion system dynamic response and tolerance to steam ingestion, control
systems response to approach and landings in high turbulence conditions, electromagnetic environmental
effects, deck handling, support and servicing, and pilot field of view.
Commercial derivative aircraft (CDA) are initially approved for safety of flight by a National approving
Authority for Civil Aviation and may have an approved Type Certificate (or equivalent document). Any
non-Civil approved alteration to a CDA may render all civil certifications invalid. While alterations to CDA
are covered by rules unique to each Nation (both Civil and Military regulations), the operating Nations’
service always has the responsibility for the airworthiness certification approval under public aircraft rules.
Therefore, when planning any alterations to a civil certified CDA, the modifier should contact the
appropriate National Military Airworthiness Authority at the earliest opportunity.
In all instances, complete and accurate documentation of both applicability and system specific
measurable criteria values is critical to ensuring consistent, timely, and accurate airworthiness
assessments.
1.2.1. Tailoring to Create the Certification Basis

Not all of the airworthiness criteria within this document apply to every type of air vehicle; platform-unique,
previously undefined criteria, may also need to be added to fully address safety aspects of unique
configurations. Therefore, it may be necessary to tailor the total set of criteria to identify a complete
(necessary and sufficient) subset of applicable airworthiness criteria, creating the system’s certification
basis. This certification basis should be fully documented and maintained under strict configuration
control.
To meet individual Nation needs, tailoring may be required to ensure the following aspects are respected:
• The approach to governance and the associated contracting model(s);
• The approach to development, production and on-going upkeep of the product basis of
certification, including the acceptable approaches to means of compliance;
• Sufficient flexibility and adaptability within the criteria to met the operational needs, scenarios
and role for the Product(s).
The primary objective in tailoring is to maintain the intent and context of the criteria. It is not an exercise
intended to relax and/or degrade the criteria. Indeed, for military operations, tailoring may result in a more
arduous certification basis. Where possible, it is recommended that a risk based approach to the
evaluation of the potential impacts (if any) of the tailoring exercise is conducted.
Tailoring rules are as follows:

a. Identify each criterion as either applicable or non-applicable, considering system or
product complexity, type, data, and intended use. Document the rationale for identifying
any criteria as non-applicable;
b. Applicable criteria may not be deleted in any manner. However, if a portion of otherwise
applicable criteria does not apply or is modified, identify the applicable and non-applicable
portions and any modification, and document the rationale. It is not recommended that
the criteria be modified, but in the event a criteria is modified, it is essential that the intent
and context is maintained;
c. Supplement applicable criteria with specific measurable parameters, where appropriate
(i.e., they add value to the definition of airworthiness requirements);
Develop additional criteria, as appropriate, for any capabilities or systems (including the whole/complete
system) not fully addressed by the criteria contained in this document.
1.3. CROSS REFERENCES
The criteria included in this document are written with the intent that an experienced engineer, trained in
the specific technical area under consideration, should be able to interpret, tailor, apply, and evaluate a
particular system’s compliance with the criteria.
1.4. INFORMATION SOURCES
Each EMAR 516 Airworthiness Certification Criteria is matched with corresponding Title 14, Code of
Federal Regulations reference (14CFR reference) and Joint Service Specification Guides (JSSG). In
addition, cross-references are provided to the relevant sections within EASA Certification Specifications
(CS), Defence Standard 00-970 and NATO STANAG documents.
The FAA Code of Federal Regulations Part and EASA CS (i.e. 23, 25, 27, 29) referenced is dependent on
aircraft type and must be consistent with aircraft size and usage. The list shown is not exhaustive. The
user is cautioned to refer to the reference material only as a guide and not for the purposes of citing
requirements. The user is also advised to use additional FAA and EASA Advisory Circulars, Def-Stan 00-
970 leaflets or other acceptable means of compliance documents to assist in understanding the
implementation of the relevant regulatory requirements.
With respect to the cross-referencing of NATO STANAGs, Nations should examine their ratification status
for each STANAG prior to assuming that the document is applicable.
This document will be periodically updated through review and cross-checking of the referenced
documents. Users should always refer to the current version of the referenced documents. Where a
conflict exists between the reference documents and this document then this should be brought to the
attention of the EMAR 516 sponsor.
SECTION 2 - APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.1. GENERAL
The documents listed below are not necessarily all of the documents referenced herein but are those
necessary to understand the information provided by this handbook. Refer to the current version of these
documents, unless otherwise indicated.
2.2. DEFENCE STANDARDS
The following specifications, standards, and handbooks form a part of this document to the extent
specified herein:
• Defence Standard 00-56 - Safety Management Requirements for Defence Systems;

• Defence Standard 00-970 - Design and Airworthiness Requirements for Service Aircraft.
The table below details the issue status of the various sections of Defence Standard 00-970 as used in
the cross-references in this document.
Part / Section Issue Status

Part No: 0: Procedures for Use, Content and Definitions Issue 6 dated: 22/01/10
Part No: 1: Fixed Wing
Section No: 1: "General" Issue 6 dated: 05/02/10
Section No: 2: "Flight" Issue 5 dated: 31/01/07
Section No: 3: "Structure" Issue 6 dated: 05/02/10
Section No: 4: "Design and Construction" Issue 6 dated: 05/02/10
Section No: 5: "Powerplant" Issue 5 dated: 31/01/07
Section No: 6: "Equipment" Issue 6 dated: 05/02/10
Section No: 7: "Operating Limitations and Information" Issue 5 dated: 31/01/07
Section No: 8: "Gas Turbine Auxiliary Power Unit Installation" Issue 5 dated: 31/01/07
Section No: 9: "Military Specific Systems" Issue 6 dated: 05/02/10
Part No: 7: Rotorcraft
Section No: 1: "General and Operational Requirements" Issue 3 dated: 29/01/10
Section No: 2: "Structural Strength and Design for Flight" Issue 3 dated: 29/01/10
Section No: 3: "Structural Strength and Design for Operation on Specified Issue 2 dated: 31/01/07
Surfaces"
Section No: 4: "Detail Design and Strength of Materials" Issue 2 dated: 31/01/07
Section No: 5: "Aero-Elasticity and Strength of Materials" Issue 2 dated: 31/01/07
Section No: 6: "Flight and Ground Handling Qualities" Issue 2 dated: 31/01/07
Section No: 7: "Installations" Issue 3 dated: 29/01/10
Section No: 8: "Maintenance" Issue 2 dated: 31/01/07
Section No: 9: "Flight Tests - Handling" Issue 2 AL1 dated:
04/12/07
Section No: 10: "Flight Tests - Installations and Structures" Issue 2 dated: 31/01/07
Part No: 9: UAS Systems Issue 5 dated: 20/04/09
Part No: 11: Engines Issue 1 dated: 27/01/06
Part No: 13: Military Common Fit Equipment Issue 2 dated: 15/01/10
Part No: 15: Items with no Specific Military Requirements Issue 4 dated: 27/01/06
2.3. STANAGS
Each EMAR 516B Airworthiness Certification Criteria is matched with corresponding Title 14, Code of
Federal Regulations reference (14CFR reference) and Joint Service Specification Guides (JSSG). In
addition, cross-references are provided to the relevant sections within EASA Certification Specifications
(CS), Defence Standard 00-970 and NATO STANAG documents.
The user is cautioned to look at the reference material only as a guide and not for purposes of citing
requirements. The user is also advised to use additional Advisory Circulars, Def-Stan 00-970 leaflets or
other acceptable means of compliance documents to assist in understanding the implementation of the
relevant regulatory requirements.
With respect to the cross-referencing of NATO STANAGs, pMS should examine their ratification status for
each STANAG prior to assuming that the document is applicable. Users should always refer to the
current version of the referenced documents. For NATO STANAG, this is reflected in the NATO
Standardization Document Database (NSDD). The table below details the ratification status for pMS for
rd
all reference EMAR516B STANAGs as of 3 June 2010.
STANAG Edition STANAG Title Relevant Ratified by Ratified with

Reference section of pMS reservation/comment
No. EMAR 516 / not implementing
2445 Edition 3 Criteria for the 8.10 Belgium Luxemburg
clearance of Czech Republic Spain
Helicopter Germany
Underslung Load
Hungary
Equipment (HUSLE)
and Underslung Italy
Loads (USL’s). Netherlands
Poland
UK
3098 Edition 10, Aircraft jacking. 8.5.12 Belgium Spain
Amdt.3 France UK
Germany
Greece
Netherlands
Poland
3105 Edition 6, Pressure refuelling 8.3 Czech Republic Belgium
Amdt.1 connections and Germany France
defueling for aircraft. Greece Spain
Hungary
Italy
Netherlands
UK

3109 Edition 5, Symbol marking of 16 Belgium Hungary
Amdt.6 Aircraft servicing Czech Republic
and Safety/Hazard France
points.
Germany
Greece
Italy
Netherlands
Spain
UK
3198 Edition 4, Functional 8.2.8, 18.3 France Belgium
Amdt.4 requirements of Germany
Aircraft oxygen Greece
equipment and
Italy
pressure suits.
Netherlands
Spain
UK
3217 Edition 6 Operations of 9.2 Belgium Germany
controls and Bulgaria Poland
switches at Aircrew Czech Republic Spain
stations.
Estonia
Romania
UK
3224 Edition 7 Aircraft interior and 9.2 Czech Republic Estonia
exterior lighting Germany Greece
Night Vision Goggle Netherlands UK
(NVG) and Non-
Spain
NVG compatible.
3230 Edition 7 Emergency 9.1 Czech Republic Belgium
markings on Germany Greece
Aircraft. Netherlands Hungary
Poland Italy
Slovenia Portugal
UK Spain
3278 Edition 8, Aircraft towing 8.5.12 Czech Republic Belgium
Amdt.1 attachments and Germany France
devices. Netherlands Greece
Poland
UK
3294 Edition 4, Aircraft fuel caps 8.3 Belgium Greece
Amdt.1 and fuel cap access 16.1 France
covers. Germany
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
UK

3368 Edition 3, Internal Aircraft 8.6 Belgium Greece
Amdt.1 engine starting France Italy
system. Germany Portugal
Netherlands Spain
UK
3372 Edition 6, Low Pressure air 8.1 Belgium Spain
Amdt.2 and associated Germany
electrical connectors Greece
for aircraft.
Netherlands
Portugal
UK
3400 Edition 3, Restraint of cargo in 20.1 Belgium
Amdt.5 Fixed Wing Aircraft. France
Greece
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
UK
3436 Edition 4, Colours and 9.2 Belgium Portugal
Amdt.4 markings used to France Spain
denote operating Germany
ranges of Aircraft
Greece
instruments.
Italy
Netherlands
UK
3447 Edition 3. Aerial refuelling 8.7 Belgium
Amdt.4 equipment France
dimensional and Germany
functional
Greece
characteristics
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
UK
3455 Edition 4, Basic symbols for 12.2 Belgium Hungary
Amdt.1 Aircraft electrical Czech Republic
circuits. France
Germany
Greece
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
UK
3456 Edition 6, Aircraft electrical 12.2 France Belgium
Amdt.1 power systems Greece Germany
characteristics. Netherlands Portugal
Spain
UK

3510 Edition 3, The provision of 8.1 Belgium Greece
Amdt.2 hydraulic power for France Spain
servicing Aircraft Germany UK
hydraulic systems.
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
3516 Edition 5 Electromagnetic 13 Germany Czech Republic
Interference, test Netherlands Poland
methods for Aircraft Spain
electrical and
UK
electronic
equipment.
3548 Edition 3 Tie-down fitting on 20.1 Belgium Germany
air transported and France
air dropped Portugal
equipment and
Spain
cargo carried
internally by Fixed UK
Wing Aircraft.
3610 Edition 2, Characteristics of 9.5 France
Amdt.1 controlled 8.2.10 Greece
breathable air Italy
supplied to Aircraft.
Netherlands
Spain
UK
3614 Edition 5 Electromagnetic 13 Czech Republic Portugal
Environmental Germany
effects (E3) - Netherlands
Requirements for
Poland
Aircraft systems and
equipment. Spain
UK
3616 Edition 2 Responsibility for 9.8 Belgium
the design and France
provision of Germany
adaptors necessary
Greece
for the compatibility
of air cargo loading, Italy
securing, unloading Netherlands
and dropping Portugal
systems in Fixed UK
Wing Aircraft.
3659 Edition 4 Electrical bonding 12.2.6, Belgium Czech Republic
requirements for 13.2.8 Germany Italy
metallic Aircraft Greece Poland
systems.
Spain
UK

3681 Edition 3, Criteria for Pressure 8.3 Belgium Czech Republic
Amdt.1 fuelling/defueling of Germany France
Aircraft. Greece Poland
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
UK
3682 Edition 5, Electrostatic safety 8.3 Belgium
Amdt.2 connection Germany
procedures for Greece
aviation fuel
Italy
handling and liquid
fuel Netherlands
loading/unloading Portugal
operations during Spain
ground transfer and UK
aircraft
fuelling/defueling.
3701 Edition 3, Aircraft interior 9.2 Germany Belgium
Amdt.2 colour schemes. Netherlands France
UK Greece
Spain
3705 Edition 3, Human Engineering 9.2 Belgium Greece
Amdt.2 design criteria for Germany Spain
controls and Netherlands
displays in Aircrew
UK
stations.
3828 Edition 3 Minimum 9.2, 9.3.4 Belgium Bulgaria
requirements for Czech Republic Germany
Aircrew protection Estonia Greece
against the Hazards
Hungary
of Laser target
designators. Italy
Luxemburg
Romania
Slovakia
UK
3847 Edition 1, Helicopter In-Flight 8.7 France
Amdt.5 Refuelling (HIFR) Germany
equipment. Netherlands
UK
3896 Edition 5 Aircraft emergency 8.4 Belgium
rescue information Czech Republic
(Fire Protection). France
Greece
Italy
Spain
UK

3950 Edition 2 Helicopter design Belgium Czech Republic
Amdt.1 criteria for crew France Italy
crash protection and Germany Spain
anthropometric
Greece
accommodation.
Netherlands
UK
3967 Edition 2 Design and 8.3 Belgium Portugal
performance Italy Spain
requirements for Netherlands UK
aviation fuel filter
separator, coalescer
and separator
elements.
3971 Edition 6 Air to Air Refuelling 8.7 Belgium Bulgaria
- ATP-56(A). Czech Republic Estonia
Greece France
Italy Romania
Netherlands UK
Poland
Spain
7011 Edition 2 Automated fuel 8.3 Belgium France
system monitoring Germany Greece
and control Netherlands Italy
equipment.
Spain UK
7029 Edition1 Characteristics of 8.3 Belgium
Aircraft fuelling Germany
hoses and Greece
couplings.
Italy
Netherlands
Portugal
UK
7039 Edition 1 Test procedures to 13 Belgium
Amdt.2 ensure compatibility France
of equipment with Germany
Aircraft systems.
Portugal
UK
7116 Edition 1 Verification 13 Czech Republic Bulgaria
methodology for the Germany Estonia
electromagnetic Netherlands Latvia
hardness of Aircraft.
Romania Lithuania
Spain Slovakia
UK

7139 Edition 3 Aircraft engine 9.2 Estonia Belgium
controls, switches, Germany Bulgaria
displays, indicators, Spain Czech Republic
gauges and
Italy
Arrangements.
Lithuania
Netherlands
Poland
Romania
Slovakia
UK
7140 Edition 1 Aircraft flight 9.2 Germany Belgium
instruments - Layout Spain France
and display. Greece
Netherlands
UK
7187 Edition 1 On Board Oxygen Netherlands Belgium
Generating System Bulgaria
(OBOGS) Czech Republic
performance
Estonia
standards.
Germany
Lithuania
Romania
Slovakia
Spain
UK
7068 Edition 2: Aircraft stores Czech Republic Belgium
Amdt.1 certification Germany
procedure. Greece
Luxemburg
Netherlands
Spain
UK
4671 Edition 1 Unmanned aerial Various
vehicle systems
airworthiness
requirements
(USAR).
4101 Edition 2 Towing Attachments Belgium Germany
Netherlands
Portugal
Spain
UK
2.4. EASA CERTIFICATION SPECIFICATIONS
specified herein:
• EASA CS 23 - Normal, Utility, Aerobatic and Commuter Category Aircraft Amendment 1;

• EASA CS 25 - Large Aeroplanes Amendment 8;

• EASA CS 27 - Small Rotorcraft Amendment 2;
• EASA CS 29 - Large Rotorcraft Amendment 2;
• EASA CS E - Engines Amendment 2;
• EASA CS P - Propellers Amendment 1.
2.5. DEPARTMENT OF DEFENCE SPECIFICATIONS
specified herein:
•
st
JSSG-2000B Air System, dated 21 September 2004;
•
nd
JSSG-2001A Air Vehicle, dated 22 October 2002;
• JSSG-2005 Avionic Subsystem, Main Body;
•
th
JSSG-2006 Aircraft Structures, dated 30 October 1998;
•
th
JSSG-2007B Engines, Aircraft, Turbine, dated 6 December 2007;
• JSSG-2008 Vehicle Control and Management System (VCMS);
• JSSG-2009 Air Vehicle Subsystems, dated 30th October 1998;
• JSSG-2010 Crew Systems.
2.6. FEDERAL AVIATION ADMINISTRATION CODE OF FEDERAL REGULATION (CFR)
specified herein:
• TITLE 14 Aeronautics and Space

• Part 23, Airworthiness Standards: Normal, Utility, Acrobatic and Commuter Category
Airplanes;
• Part 25, Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category: Airplanes;
• Part 27, Airworthiness Standards: Normal Category Rotorcraft;
• Part 29, Airworthiness Standards: Transport Category: Rotorcraft.
SECTION 3 - DEFINITIONS & ABBREVIATIONS

3.1. DEFINITIONS
All definitions, unless otherwise referenced, are to be considered within the context of this document.
Accidental Damage (AD)

Physical deterioration of an item caused by contact or impact with an object or influence which is not a
part of the aircraft, or by human error during manufacturing, operation of the aircraft, or maintenance
practices.
Age Exploration
A systematic evaluation of an item based on analysis of collected information from in-service experience.
It verifies the item's resistance to a deterioration process with respect to increasing age.
Air system
An air vehicle plus the training and support systems for the air vehicle, and any weapons to be employed
on the air vehicle.
Air vehicle
An air vehicle includes the installed equipment (hardware and software) for airframe, propulsion, air
vehicle applications software, air vehicle system software, communications/identification,
navigation/guidance, central computer, fire control, data display and controls, survivability,
reconnaissance, automatic flight control, central integrated checkout, antisubmarine warfare, armament,
weapons delivery, auxiliary equipment, and all other installed equipment.
Aircraft structure.
The structure of an aircraft includes the fuselage, wing, empennage, landing gear, rotorcraft rotor and
drive systems, propellers, control systems and surfaces, airframe-engine interface components including
engine mounts), nacelles, air induction components, weapon mounts, structural operating mechanisms,
components that perform a structural function, and other components as described in the contract
specification.
Airworthiness Limitations
A section of the Instructions for Continued Airworthiness that contains each mandatory replacement time,
structural inspection interval, and related structural inspection task. This section may also be used to
define a threshold for the fatigue related inspections and the need to control corrosion to Level 1 or better.
The information contained in the Airworthiness Limitations section may be changed to reflect service
and/or test experience or new analysis methods.
Baseline operational loads/environment spectrum (baseline spectrum).
The baseline operational loads/environment spectrum is an update of the design spectrum based on
measured data from operational aircraft (e.g., data obtained from the loads/environment spectra survey).
Baseline service life.
The baseline service life is the period of time (e.g., years, flight cycles, hours, landings, etc.) established
subsequent to design, during which the structure is expected to maintain its structural integrity when flown
to the baseline loads/environment spectrum.
Certification.
Certification is a repeatable process implemented to verify an aircraft can be safely maintained and
operated within its described operational envelope
Conditional Probability of Failure
The probability that a failure will occur in a specific period provided that the item concerned has survived
to the beginning of that period.
Corrosion.
Corrosion is the deterioration of a material or its properties due to the reaction of that material with its
chemical environment.
Corrosion Prevention and Control Program (CPCP)
A program of maintenance tasks implemented at a threshold designed to control an aircraft structure to
Corrosion Level 1 or better.
Critical location.
A critical location in an aircraft structure is one that has been identified through analysis, test, or service
history as a being especially sensitive to the presence of damage.
Damage.
Damage to aircraft structure is any crack, flaw, corrosion, disbond, delamination, and/or other feature that
degrades, or has the potential to degrade, the performance of the affected component.
Damage tolerance.
Damage tolerance is the attribute of a structure that permits it to retain its required residual strength for a
period of un-repaired usage after the structure has sustained specific levels of fatigue, corrosion,
accidental, and/or discrete source damage. An item is judged to be damage tolerant if it can sustain
damage and the remaining structure can withstand reasonable loads without structural failure or
excessive structural deformation until the damage is detected. A qualification standard for aircraft
structure.
Design loads/environment spectrum.
The design loads/environment spectrum is the spectrum of external loads and environments (chemical,
thermal, etc.) used in the design of the aircraft and is representative of the spectrum that the typical force
aircraft is expected to encounter within the design service life.
Design service life.
The design service life is the period of time (e.g., years, flight cycles, hours, landings, etc.) established at
design, during which the structure is expected to maintain its structural integrity when flown to the design
loads/environment spectrum.
Delamination/Disbond
Structural separation or cracking that occurs at or in the bond plane of a structural element, within a
structural assembly, caused by in service accidental damage, environmental effects and/or cyclic loading.
Deterministic Design Method
A Deterministic design method is a uses recognised calculations and engineering techniques in
formulating the values applied to a known and justified load (as opposed to using applicable experience,
reliability and sample data).
Direct Adverse Effect on Operating Safety
Direct
To be direct, the functional failure or resulting secondary damage must achieve its effect
by itself, not in combination with other functional failures (no redundancy exists and it is a
primary dispatch item).
Adverse Effect on Safety
Safety shall be considered as adversely affected if the consequences of the failure
condition would prevent the continued safe flight and landing of the aircraft and/or might
cause serious or fatal injury to human occupants.
Operating
This is defined as the time interval during which passengers and crew are on board for
the purpose of flight.
Discard
The removal from service of an item at a specified life limit.
Durability.
Durability is the ability of the aircraft structure to resist cracking, corrosion, thermal degradation,
delamination, wear, and the effects of foreign object damage for a prescribed period of time.
Economic life.
The economic life is the period during which it is more cost-effective to maintain and repair an aircraft
than to replace it. Economic life can be applied on a component, aircraft, or force basis.
Economic Effects
Failure effects which do not prevent aircraft operation, but are economically undesirable due to added
labour and material cost for aircraft or shop repair.
Electrical Wiring Interconnection System (EWIS)
An electrical connection between two or more points including the associated terminal devices (e.g.,
connectors, terminal blocks, splices) and the necessary means for its installation and identification.
Equivalent flight hours.
Equivalent flight hours are the actual flight hours accumulated by an aircraft adjusted for the actual usage
severity compared to the design spectrum or to the baseline spectrum.
Environmental Deterioration (ED)
Physical deterioration of an item's strength or resistance to failure as a result of chemical interaction with
its climate or environment.
Equivalent initial flaw size (EIFS) distribution.
The equivalent initial flaw size distribution is a characterization of the initial quality of the aircraft structure.
The EIFS distribution is derived by analytically determining the initial flaw size distribution that must be
used to obtain the measured flaw size distribution discovered following exposure to the test or actual
usage stress spectra.
Factor of Safety
Factor of Uncertainty as referred to within JSSG 2006 is the same as the Factor of Safety, i.e. a figure
that is applied to prescribed Limit Loads used in calculating the Ultimate Load.
Fail-safe structure.
A fail-safe structure is a structure that retains its required residual strength for a period of unrepaired
usage after the failure or partial failure of safety-of-flight structure.
Failure
The inability of an item to perform within previously specified limits.
Failure Cause
Why the functional failure occurs.
Failure Condition
The effect on the aircraft and its occupants, both direct and consequential, caused or contributed to by
one or more failures, considering relevant adverse operational or environmental conditions.
Failure Effect
What is the result of a functional failure?
Fatigue Damage (FD)
The initiation of a crack or cracks due to cyclic loading and subsequent propagation.
Fatigue Related Sampling Inspection
Inspections on specific aircraft selected from those which have the highest operating age/usage in order
to identify the first evidence of deterioration in their condition caused by fatigue damage.
Fault
An identifiable condition in which one element of a redundant system has failed (no longer available)
without impact on the required function output of the system (MSI). At the system level, a fault is not
considered a functional failure.
Fault-Tolerant System
A system that is designed with redundant elements that can fail without impact on safety or operating
capability.
Fracture-critical part.
As shown on figure 1, a fracture-critical part is a safety-of-flight structural component that is not single
load path nor sized by durability or damage tolerance requirements but requires special emphasis due to
the criticality of the component.
Fracture-critical traceable part.
As shown on figure 1, a fracture-critical traceable part is a safety-of-flight structural component that is
either single load path or sized by durability or damage tolerance requirements.
Function
The normal characteristic actions of an item.
Functional Check
A quantitative check to determine if one or more functions of an item perform within specified limits.
Functional Failure
Failure of an item to perform its intended function within specified limits.
Hidden Function
1. A function which is normally active and whose cessation will not be evident to the operating crew
during performance of normal duties.
2. A function which is normally inactive and whose readiness to perform, prior to it being needed, will not
be evident to the operating crew during performance of normal duties.
Initial quality.
Initial quality is a measure of the condition of the aircraft structure relative to flaws, defects, or other
discrepancies in the basic materials or introduced during manufacture of the aircraft structure.
Inherent Level of Reliability and Safety
That level which is built into the unit and, therefore, inherent in its design. This is the highest level of
reliability and safety that can be expected from a unit, system, or aircraft if it receives effective
maintenance to achieve higher levels of reliability generally requires modification or redesign.
Inspection - Detailed (DET)
An intensive examination of a specific item, installation or assembly to detect damage, failure or
irregularity. Available lighting is normally supplemented with a direct source of good lighting at an intensity
deemed appropriate. Inspection aids such as mirrors, magnifying lenses, etc. may be necessary. Surface
cleaning and elaborate access procedures may be required.
Inspection - General Visual (GVI)
A visual examination of an interior or exterior area, installation or assembly to detect obvious damage,
failure or irregularity. This level of inspection is made from within touching distance unless otherwise
specified. A mirror may be necessary to enhance visual access to all exposed surfaces in the inspection
area. This level of inspection is made under normally available lighting conditions such as daylight,
hangar lighting, flashlight or drop-light and may require removal or opening of access panels or doors.
Stands, ladders or platforms may be required to gain proximity to the area being checked.
Inspection - Special Detailed (SDI)
An intensive examination of a specific item, installation, or assembly to detect damage, failure or
irregularity. The examination is likely to make extensive use of specialized Inspection Techniques and/or
equipment. Intricate cleaning and substantial access or disassembly procedure may be required.
Inspection - Zonal
A collective term comprising selected general visual inspections and visual checks that is applied to each
zone, defined by access and area, to check system and powerplant installations and structure for security
and general condition.
Interval (Initial - Repeat)

Initial Interval - Interval between the start of service-life and the first task accomplishment Repeat Interval
- The interval (after the initial interval) between successive accomplishments of a specific maintenance
task.
Item
Any level of hardware assembly (i.e., system, sub-system, module, accessory, component, unit, part,
etc.).
Letter Checks
Letter checks are named collections of tasks (e.g., A-Check, C-Check, etc.) assigned the same interval.
L/HIRF
Lightning/High Intensity Radiated Field
L/HIRF Characteristics
Those properties of L/HIRF protection components that are necessary to perform their intended L/HIRF
protection function(s).
L/HIRF Protection Components
Any self-contained part, combination of parts, subassemblies, units, or structures that perform a
distinctive function necessary to provide L/HIRF protection.
L/HIRF Protection Systems
Systems comprised of components that avoid, eliminate, or reduce the consequences of an L/HIRF
event.
Lubrication and Servicing
Any act of lubricating or servicing for the purpose of maintaining inherent design capabilities.
Maintenance Significant Item - (MSI)
Items identified by the manufacturer whose failure a. could affect safety (on ground or in flight), and/or b.
is undetectable during operations, and/or c. could have significant operational impact, and/or d. could
have significant economic impact
Maintenance-critical part.
A maintenance-critical part is a structural component whose failure will not cause a safety-of-flight
condition but is sized by durability requirements and would not be economical to repair or replace.
Mission-critical part.
As shown on figure 1, a mission-critical part is a structural component in which damage or failure could
result in the inability to meet critical mission requirements or could result in a significant increase in
vulnerability.
Multiple load path.
Multiple load path is structural redundancy in which the applied loads are distributed to other load carrying
members in the event of failure of individual elements.
Multiple Element Fatigue Damage
The simultaneous cracking of multiple load path discrete elements working at similar stress levels.
Multiple Site Fatigue Damage
The presence of a number of adjacent, small cracks that might coalesce to form a single long crack.
Non-metallic
Any structural material made from fibrous or laminated components bonded together by a medium.
Materials such as graphite epoxy, boron epoxy, fibre glass, kevlar epoxy, acrylics and the like are non-
metallic. Non-metallic includes adhesives used to join other metallic or non-metallic structural materials.
Nondestructive inspection (NDI).
Nondestructive inspection is an inspection process or technique that reveals conditions at or beneath the
external surface of a part or material without adversely affecting the material or part being inspected.
Onset of widespread fatigue damage (WFD).

Onset of widespread fatigue damage is the point at which there are cracks at multiple structural details,
and these are of sufficient size and density, such that the structure will no longer meet its damage
tolerance requirement (e.g., maintaining required residual strength after partial structural failure).
Operating Crew Normal Duties
Operating Crew
Qualified flight compartment and cabin attendant personnel who are on duty.
Normal Duties
Those duties associated with the routine operation of the aircraft, on a daily basis, to
include the following: a. Procedures and checks performed during aircraft operation in
accordance with the Aircraft Flight Manual. b. Recognition of abnormalities or failures by
the operating crew through the use of normal physical senses (e.g., odour, noise,
vibration, temperature, visual observation of damage or failure, changes in physical input
force requirements, etc.).
Operational Check
An operational check is a task to determine that an item is fulfilling its intended purpose. Does not require
quantitative tolerances. This is a failure finding task.
Operational Effects
Failure effects which interfere with the completion of the aircraft mission. These failures cause delays,
cancellations, ground or flight interruptions, high drag coefficients, altitude restrictions, etc.
Other Structure
Structure which is judged not to be a Structural Significant Item. "Other Structure" is defined both
externally and internally within zonal boundaries.
Potential Failure
A defined identifiable condition that indicates that a degradation process is taking place that will lead to a
functional failure.
Protective Device
Any device or system that has a function to avoid, eliminate or reduce the consequences of an event or
the failure of some other function.
Probability of detection (POD).
A POD is a statistical measurement of the likelihood, with a specified confidence level, of finding a flaw of
a defined size using a specific inspection technique.
Producibility.
Producibility means that materials, processes, and/or joining methods are able to support current and
future production rates without adversely affecting costs and/or quality.
P to F Interval
Interval between the point at which a potential failure becomes detectable and the point at which it
degrades into a functional failure.
Risk analysis.
Risk analysis is an evaluation of a potential hazard severity and probability of occurrence. For aircraft
structural applications, the potential hazards include structural failures that can cause injury or death to
personnel, damage to or loss of the aircraft, or reduction of mission readiness/availability.
Redundant Functional Elements
Two or more independent physical elements of a system/item providing the same function.
Residual Strength
The strength of a damaged structure.
Restoration
That work necessary to return the item to a specific standard. Restoration may vary from cleaning or
replacement of single parts up to a complete overhaul.
Rotorcraft dynamic component.

A rotorcraft dynamic component is a structural part of the rotorcraft’s drive train or lift system that
experiences dynamic loading.
Safe-life.
Safe-life of a structure defines a number of events such as flights, landings, or flight hours, during which
there is a low probability that the strength will degrade below its design ultimate value due to fatigue
cracking. It is applicable to structure which is not practical to design or qualify as damage tolerant.
Safety (adverse effect)
Safety shall be considered as adversely affected if the consequences of the failure condition would
prevent the continued safe flight and landing of the aircraft and/or might cause serious or fatal injury to
human occupants.
Safety-of-flight structure.
Safety-of-flight structure is that structure whose failure could cause loss of the aircraft or aircrew, or cause
inadvertent store release. The loss could occur either immediately upon failure or subsequently if the
failure remained undetected.
Safety/Emergency Systems or Equipment
A device or system that:
1) enhances the evacuation of the aircraft in an emergency or,
2) If it does not function when required, results in a Failure Condition that might have an adverse effect on
safety.
Scheduled Maintenance Check
Any of the maintenance opportunities which are pre-packaged and are accomplished on a regular basis.
Single load path.
Single load path is the distribution of applied loads through a single member, the failure of which would
result in the loss of the structural capability to carry the applied loads.
Slow damage growth structure.
Slow damage growth structure is structure in which damage is not allowed to attain the critical size
required for unstable rapid damage propagation. Safety is assured through slow damage growth for
specified periods of usage depending upon the degree of inspectability. The strength of slow damage
growth structure with damage present is not degraded below a specified limit for the period of unrepaired
service usage.
Stability.
Stability means that materials, processes, and joining methods have matured to where consistent and
repeatable quality, and predictable costs have been achieved to meet system production requirements.
Also, process parameters and methods are understood, and robust and documented approaches for
control of these factors (i.e., specifications) exist.
Structural integrity.
Structural integrity is the condition which exists when a structure is sound and unimpaired in providing the
desired level of structural safety, performance, durability, and supportability.
Structural operating mechanisms.
Structural operating mechanisms are those operating, articulating, and control mechanisms which
transmit structural forces during actuation and movement of structural surfaces and elements.
Structural Significant Item - (SSI)
Any detail, element or assembly, which contributes significantly to carrying flight, ground, pressure or
control loads and whose failure could affect the structural integrity necessary for the safety of the aircraft.
Scheduled Structural Health Monitoring (S-SHM)
The act to use/run/read-out a SHM device at an interval set at a fixed schedule
Structural Assembly
One or more structural elements which together provide a basic structural function.
Structural Detail
The lowest functional level in an aircraft structure. A discrete region or area of a structural element, or a
boundary intersection of two or more elements.
Structural Element
Two or more structural details which together form an identified manufacturer's assembly part.
Structural Function
The mode of action of aircraft structure. It includes acceptance and transfer of specified loads in items
(details /elements /assemblies) and provides consistently adequate aircraft response and flight
characteristics.
Structural Health Monitoring (SHM)
The concept of checking or watching a specific structural item, detail, installation or assembly using on
board mechanical, optical or electronic devices specifically designed for the application used. SHM does
not name any specific method or technology
Supportability.
Supportability means that thermal, environmental, and mechanical deterioration of materials and
structures fabricated using the selected manufacturing processes and joining methods have been
identified and that acceptable quality and cost-effective preventive methods and/or in-service repair
methods are either available or can be developed in a timely manner.
Task Applicability
A set of conditions that leads to the identification of a task type when a specific set of characteristics of
the failure cause being analyzed would be discovered and/or corrected as a result of the task being
accomplished.
Task Effectiveness
A specific set of conditions that leads to the selection of a task already identified to be applicable. Avoids,
eliminates, or reduces the negative consequences of the failure to an extent that justifies doing the task at
the selected interval.
Tasks - Maintenance
An action or set of actions required to achieve a desired outcome which restores an item to or maintains
an item in serviceable condition, including inspection and determination of condition.
Threshold
See "Interval - Initial".
Threshold Period
A period during which no occurrences of the failure can reasonably be expected to occur after the item
enters into service.
Visual Check
A visual check is an observation to determine that an item is fulfilling its intended purpose. Does not
require quantitative tolerances. This is a failure finding task.
Wear Damage
Physical deterioration of the surface of an item due to relative motion between two parts in contact.
3.2. ABBREVIATIONS AND ACRONYMS
14CFR Title 14, Code of Federal Regulations

AC Advisory circulars
ADS Aeronautical Design Standard
AFGS Air Force Guide Specification
AFI Air Force Instruction
AFPD Air Force Policy Directive
AFR Air Force Regulation
APC Aircraft pilot coupling
APS Auxiliary power system
APU Auxiliary power unit
AR Army Regulation
ARSAG Aerial Refuelling Systems Advisory Group
BARO VNAV Barometric vertical navigation
BIT Built-in-test
CAD Cartridge actuated devices
CDR Critical design review
CFD Computational fluid dynamics
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
C.G Centre of gravity
CI Configuration item
CNS/AT Communication, navigation, surveillance/air traffic management
Comm’l Commercial
CSA Configuration status accounting
CSCI Computer software configuration item
CSI Critical safety item
DoD Department of Defense
DOD Domestic object damage
EASA European Aviation Safety Agency
ECP Engineering change proposal
ECS Environmental control system
E3 Electromagnetic environmental effects
EHMS Engine health monitoring systems
EMI Electromagnetic interference
EMP Electromagnetic pulse
EMS Environmental management system
EPS Emergency power system
FAA Federal Aviation Administration
FAR Federal Acquisition Regulation
FCA Functional configuration audit
FMECA Failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis
FMET Failure modes and effects testing
FOD Foreign object damage
FRACAS Failure report and corrective action system
FSCAP Flight safety critical aircraft part
g Acceleration or load factor in units of acceleration of gravity
HCF High cycle fatigue
HERF Hazards of electromagnetic radiation to fuel
HERO Hazards of electromagnetic radiation to ordnance

HERP Hazards of electromagnetic radiation on personnel
HUD Head-up display
ICD Interface control document
I/O Input/output
JACG Joint Aeronautical Commanders Group
JFS Jet fuel starter
JSSG Joint Service Specification Guide
LCF Low cycle fatigue
LEP Laser eye protection
MSL Mean sea level
MWL Maximum wear limit
NATO North Atlantic Treaty Organization
NBC Nuclear, biological, and chemical
NDI Nondestructive inspection
NFPA National Fire Protection Association
NVIS Night vision imaging system
OFP Operational flight program
PAD Pyrotechnic actuated devices
PCA Physical configuration audit
PDR Preliminary design review
PFR Primary flight reference
PIO Pilot-induced oscillations
PLA Power lever angle
PLOC Probability loss of control
POD Probability of detection
PTO Power take-off
PVI Pilot vehicle interface
RAT Ram air turbine
RF Radio frequency
RNAV Radio navigation
RNAV VNAV Radar navigation vertical navigation
RNP Required navigation performance
ROA Remotely operated aircraft
RVSM Reduced vertical separation minima
RTO Refused takeoff
SAE Society of Automotive Engineers
SAWE Society of Allied Weight Engineers
SDIMP Software development integrity master plan
SD Software development plan
SFAR Special Federal Aviation Regulation
SOF Safety-of-flight
SPM System program manager
SRS Software requirements specification
SSHA Subsystem hazard analysis
STANAG Standardization agreement
STLDD Software top-level design document
TBD To be determined
TEMP Test and evaluation master plan
T.O. Technical order

TSO Technical standard order
UAS Unmanned air system
VCF Vehicle control function
VCMS Vehicle control and management system
VL/ML Limit speed
SECTION 4 - SYSTEMS ENGINEERING

The following criteria apply to all air vehicle systems and represent the minimum requirements necessary
to establish, verify, and maintain an airworthy design.
TYPICAL CERTIFICATION SOURCE DATA

1. Reliability, quality, and manufacturing program plans
2. Contractor policies and procedures
3. Durability and damage tolerance control plans
4. Work instructions
5. Process specifications
6. Production/assembly progress reports
7. Quality records
8. Defect/failure data
9. Failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) documentation
10. Tech data package
11. As-built list to include part numbers/serial numbers for all critical safety
items/components
12. List of deviations/waivers and unincorporated design changes
13. List of approved class I engineering change proposals (ECPs)
14. Proposed DD Form 250, Material Inspection and Receiving Report
15. Configuration management plans/process description documents
16. Diminishing Manufacturing Sources Plan
17. Obsolete Parts Plan
18. Test reports
19. Test plans
20. FAA Airworthiness Directives and Advisory Circulars
21. Manufacturer-issued service bulletins
22. Civil aviation authority certification plan
23. Civil aviation authority certification basis
24. Civil aviation authority certification report
25. System Safety Analysis Report
4.1. DESIGN CRITERIA.
4.1.1 Verify that the design criteria, including requirements and rules, adequately address safety for
mission usage, full permissible flight envelope, duty cycle, interfaces, induced and natural environment,
inspection capability, and maintenance philosophy.
US Cross References European Cross References

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Appropriate design criteria Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 1.1.13
paragraphs of JSSG-2000, Reference: 00-970 P1 2.6-2.14
2001, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 00-970 P1 2.17
2009, 2010, and others
00-970 P1 S4
00-970 P1 S7

00-970 P7 S9 L900/1 4
00-970 P7 S9 L906 7.14
00-970 P9 UK601a
STANAG 4671.21
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.21-23.3, EASA CS CS 23.21-23.33*
25.21-25.33 Reference: CS 25.21-25.33*
CS 27.21-27.33*
CS 29.21-29.33*
Comments: * Means read across from 14CFR reference.
4.1.2 Verify that the design criteria address all components, system and subsystem interfaces, and
software.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Appropriate design criteria Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.15-2.16
paragraphs of JSSG-2000, Reference: 00-970 P1 3.1.3
2001, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 00-970 P1 S4
2009, 2010, and others
00-970 P1 S7
STANAG 4671.601
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.21, EASA CS CS 23.601-23.629*
23.601-23.629, 25.601-25.631 Reference: CS 25.601-23.631*
CS 27.601-25.629*
CS 29.601-29.631*
Comments: CS 23.21 is very generic.
* Means read across from 14CFR reference.
4.1.3 Verify that, for commercial derivative air vehicles, the air vehicle's certification basis addresses all
design criteria appropriate for the planned military usage.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Appropriate design criteria Def-Stan 00-970
paragraphs of JSSG-2000, Reference:
2001, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, STANAG
2009, 2010, and others 4671.601
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.21, EASA CS CS 23.601-23.629*
23.601-23.629, 25.601-25.631 Reference: CS 25.601-23.631*
CS 27.601-25.629*
CS 29.601-29.631*
Comments: Certification not covered by 00-970.
4.1.4 Verify that failure conditions have been adequately addressed in the design criteria.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 1.1.13
Reference: 00-970 P1 1.1.14
00-970 P1 S4
STANAG 4671.601
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS Nil
Reference:
4.2. TOOLS AND DATABASES.
4.2.1 Verify that all tools, methods, and databases used in the requirements definition/allocation, design,
risk control and assessments of safety have been adequately validated and/or certified.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Appropriate design criteria Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
paragraphs of JSSG-2000, Reference:
2001, 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, STANAG
2009, 2010, and others 4671.605
Reference:
FAA Doc: Refer to technical point of EASA CS Nil
contact for this discipline (listed Reference:
in section A.2)
Comments: Certification criteria not covered by 00-970 or EASA docs.
4.3. MATERIALS SELECTION.
4.3.1 Verify that the material selection process uses validated and consistent material properties data,
including design mechanical and physical properties such as material defects, and corrosion and
environmental protection requirements. (For Navy aircraft, see section 19, Materials)

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 3.2.8-3.2.20
Reference: 00-970 P1 4.1.13-4.1.33
00-970 P7 S2 L200 3-4
00-970 P9 UKU1701d
STANAG 4671.605
Reference:
FAA Doc: DOT/FAA/AR-MMPDS-01 EASA CS CS 23.609
Reference: CS 25.609
CS 27.609
CS 29.609
CS 23.1123
CS 25.1123
CS 27.1123

CS 29.1123
4.4. MANUFACTURING AND QUALITY.
4.4.1 Verify that key product characteristics have been identified.

Comm'l Doc: ASME Y14.5 "Dimensioning
and Tolerancing" AS 9100
DoD/MIL Doc: ASC/EN Manufacturing Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
Development Guide, Section Reference:
6.5, "Key Characteristics and STANAG
Processes" AFI 63-501
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.601- EASA CS CS 23.601-23.629#
23.605, 25.601-25.603 Reference: CS 25.601-23.631#
CS 27.601-25.629#
CS 29.601-29.631#
Comments: Certification criteria not covered by 00-970.

No European equivalent to ASME Y14.5 "Dimensioning and Tolerancing" AS 9100.
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required.
4.4.2 Verify that all critical process capabilities exist to meet key product characteristic requirements.


Development Guide, Section Reference:
6.6, "Variability Reduction," for STANAG
additional information on Cpk,
Critical Processes, and Reference:
Process Control Plans AFI 63-
501
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.601- EASA CS CS 23.601-23.605*
23.605, 25.601-25.603 Reference: CS 25.601-25.605*
CS 27.601-27.605*
CS 29.601-29.605*
4.4.3 Verify that all critical process controls exist to assure key product characteristic requirements are
met.



Development Guide AFI 63- Reference:
501 STANAG
Joint Aeronautical
Reference:
Commander's Group's
Performance Based Product
Definition Guide, Section 5.0,
"Performance Based
Approach," for additional
information on Product
Acceptance Criteria.
FAA Doc: 14 CFR references: 23.601- EASA CS CS 23.601-23.605*
23.605, 25.601-25.603 Reference: CS 25.601-25.605*
CS 27.601-27.605*
CS 29.601-29.605*

4.4.4 Verify that production allowances and tolerances are within acceptable limits and assure
conformance to design.

DoD/MIL Doc: ASC/EN Manufacturing Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.4.54

Development Guide, Section 5, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.5.4
"Quality Systems,” and Section 00-970 P1 4.4.62
6.6 "Variability Reduction" AFI
00-970 P7 L805 7
63-501 Joint Aeronautical
Commander's Group's STANAG 4671.605
"Engineering and Reference:
Manufacturing Practices for
Defect Prevention"
FAR Part 46, "Quality
Assurance"
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.601- EASA CS CS 23.601-23.605*
23.605, 25.601-25.603 Reference: CS 25.601-25.605*
CS 27.601-27.605*
CS 29.601-29.605*
Comments: No European equivalent to ASME Y14.5 "Dimensioning and Tolerancing" AS 9100.
4.4.5 Verify that non-destructive inspection (NDI) accept/reject criteria have been validated.


Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006 Appendix A: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.1.9
A.3.11.6, A.4.11.6 Reference:
STANAG 4671.605
Reference:
FAA Doc: Refer to technical point of EASA CS Nil

in section A.2)
Comments: MIL-HDBK-6870A is US DOD handbook for inspection program requirements,
including non-destructive inspection (NDI) for aircraft and missile materials and parts.
NDI is discussed in both Def-Stan 00-970 and EASA docs but there is no requirement
to validate to accept reject criteria.
4.5. OPERATOR'S AND MAINTENANCE MANUALS/TECHNICAL ORDERS.
4.5.1 Verify that processes are in place to identify and document all restrictions, warnings, and cautions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-38784, Standard Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
Practice for Manuals, Reference:
Technical: General Style and STANAG
Format Requirements 4671.1581
Reference: 4671.1589
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.1581, EASA CS CS 23.1541*
25.1581, 23.1541, 25.1541 Reference: CS 23.1581*
CS 25.1541*
CS 25.1581*
CS 27.1541*
CS 27.1581*
CS 29.1541*
CS 29.1581*
No European equivalent to MIL-STD-38784.
4.5.2 Verify that processes are in place to identify and document the technical data, and that the technical
data reflects the defined functional and product baseline.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-38784, Standard Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
Practice for Manuals, Reference:
Technical: General Style and STANAG
Format Requirements. 4671.601
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.21, EASA CS Nil

25.21, 23.601, 25.601, Reference:
23.1301, 25.1301
CS 23.601 and 25.601 excludes known hazardous or unreliable design.
CS 23.1301 and 25.1301 cover appropriate design and limitations.
No European equivalent to MIL-STD-38784.
4.5.3 Verify that procedures are in place for establishing and maintaining flight vehicle integrity.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-515, Weapon Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.16.36
System Integrity Guide MIL- Reference: 00-970 P1 3.2.22
STD-1530, Aircraft Structural 00-970 P9 UK613a
Integrity Program
STANAG 4671.601
MIL-HDBK-87244,
Reference:
Avionics/Electronics Integrity
JSSG-2001A: 3.3.5.1, 3.3.7.1
JSSG-2009: Appendix I
FAA Doc: EASA CS AMC 23.307#
Reference: AMC 25.307 6#
Comments: No equivalent AMC 27.307 or 29.307.
4.6. CONFIGURATION IDENTIFICATION.
4.6.1 Verify that the functional baseline is properly documented, established, and brought under
configuration control.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-961E, Defense and Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
Program Unique Specifications Reference:
Format and Content, Appendix STANAG
A 4671.21
MIL-HDBK-61A, Configuration Reference:
Management, sections 3, and
5.5.1 Configuration Baselines
for definitions and purposes of
configuration baselines
25.21, 23.601, 25.601, Reference:
23.1301, 25.1301
CS 23.21 and CS 25.21 are very generic.
No European equivalents to MIL-STD-961E and MIL-HDBK-61A.
4.6.2 Verify that the product baseline is properly documented, established, and brought under
configuration control.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-961E, Defense and Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
Program Unique Specifications Reference:
Format and Content, Appendix STANAG
A 4671.21
MIL-HDBK-61A, Configuration Reference:
Management, sections 3, and
5.5.1 Configuration Baselines
for definitions and purposes of
configuration baselines
25.21, 23.601, 25.601, Reference:
23.1301, 25.1301
No European equivalents to MIL-STD-961E and MIL-HDBK-61A.
4.7. CONFIGURATION STATUS ACCOUNTING.
4.7.1 Verify that the configuration status accounting (CSA) information system has the capability to track
the configuration of safety-critical items.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-61A, Configuration Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
Management, section 7 Reference:
Configuration Status STANAG 4671.601
Accounting for purpose of
CSA, lifecycle considerations, Reference:
and information to be captured.
25.21, 23.601, 25.601, Reference:
23.1301, 25.1301
No European equivalent to MIL-HDBK-61A.
SECTION 5 - STRUCTURES
The air vehicle structure includes the fuselage, wing (fixed or rotating), empennage, structural elements of
landing gear, the control system, control surfaces, drive system, rotor systems, radome, antennae, engine
mounts, nacelles, pylons, thrust reversers (if not part of the engine), air inlets, aerial refuelling
mechanisms, structural operating mechanisms, structural provisions for
equipment/payload/cargo/personnel, etc.

1. Design criteria
2. Loads analyses
3. Internal load and stress analyses
4. Materials, processes, corrosion prevention, non-destructive evaluation and repair data
5. Results from any design development tests conducted
6. Proof test results
7. Flutter, mechanical stability and aeroservoelastic analyses
8. Loads wind tunnel test data
9. Flutter wind tunnel test data
10. Ground vibration test results
11. Damage tolerance and durability analyses
12. Component/full-scale static and fatigue test results
13. Live fire test results and ballistic analysis
14. Bird strike test and analysis results
15. Arresting wire strike test and analysis results
16. User and maintainer manuals, or equivalent
17. Flight operating limits
18. Strength summary and operating restrictions
19. Damage tolerance and durability test results
20. Full-scale durability test results
21. Functional test results
22. Flight loads test results
23. Instrumentation and calibration test results
24. Control surface, tabs and damper test results
25. Thermoelastic test results
26. Limit-load rigidity test results
27. Flight flutter test results
28. Mass properties control and management plan (interface)
29. Weight and balance reports (interface)
30. Inertia report
31. Design trade studies and analyses
32. Fuel system test results
33. Results of actual weighing
34. Weight and balance handbook, or equivalent
35. Hazard analysis
36. Environmental criteria and test results
37. Vibration and acoustic test results
38. Aircraft tracking program
39. Landing gear and airframe drop test plans and results
40. Mechanical stability test plans and results
41. Whirl test plans and results

42. Tie-down test plans and results
43. Structural description report
44. Tipover and rollover stability analyses
45. External store interface and release data
46. Ground and/or air transport rigging procedures, interface loads, and associated
inspection requirements
47. Failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA) documentation
48. Ground and rotor blade clearance dimensional data
49. Loss of lubrication testing
50. Heat generation/rejection analysis
51. Airframe and component fatigue analyses and test results
52. Hydraulic and Control System “RAP” test results
5.1. LOADS.
5.1.1 Verify that the limit loads used in the design of the aircraft include the maximum and most critical
combination of loads that can result from authorized ground and flight loading conditions for the air
vehicle. These include loads during piloted or autonomous manoeuvres, loss of control manoeuvres,
gusts, turbulence, take-off, landing, catapult (if applicable), shipboard and land based arrestment (if
applicable), ground operations, maintenance activity, systems failures from which recovery is expected,
and loads expected to be seen throughout the specific lifetime of usage.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.2.9, A.4.2.9 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 3.5.3
Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.2
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.4
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.6
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.16
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.22
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.15
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3..3.2
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.4.2
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.5.3
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.5.5
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.6.2
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.1.3
STANAG 4671 143
Reference: 4671 301
4671 305
4671 321
4671 333
4671 345
4671 361
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: EASA CS CS 23.143

Section 23.141, 23.301, Reference: CS 23.301
23.305, 23.321, 23.333, CS 23.305
23.343, 23.361 ; CS 23.321
Section 25.143, 25.301, CS 23.333
25.321, 25.303, 25.331, CS 23.343
25.341, 25.343, 25.349, CS 23.361
25.361 ; CS 25.143
Section 27.301, 27.305, CS 25.301
27.321, , 27.341, 27.473 ; CS 25.303
Section 29.301, 29.305, CS 25.321
29.321, 29.341, 29.473. CS 25.331
CS 25.341
CS 25.343
CS 25.349
CS 25.361
CS 27.143
CS 27.301
CS 27.305
CS 27.473
CS 29.143
CS 29.301
CS 29.305
CS29.321
CS 29.473
Harmonised Verify that the limit loads used in the design of the aircraft include the maximum and
Text: most critical combinations of loads that can result from authorized ground and flight
loading conditions for the air vehicle. These include loads during piloted or
autonomous manoeuvres, loss of control manoeuvres, gusts, turbulence, take-off,
landing, catapult (if applicable), shipboard and land based arrestment (if applicable),
ground operations, maintenance activity, systems failures from which recovery is
expected, and loads expected to be seen throughout the specific lifetime of usage.
Typical system failures shall include:

Tire failures, Propulsion system failures, Radome failures, Mechanical failures,
Hydraulic failures, Flight control system failures, Transparency failures, Hung stores
and other failures.
5.1.2 Verify that the ultimate loads used in the design of the airframe are obtained by multiplication of limit
loads by the appropriate factor of safety, or in the case of crash conditions, the ultimate loads are
obtained by applying the appropriate crash load factors sufficient to prevent injury to occupants and to
maintain the integrity of egress paths.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.2.10, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 3.5.3
3.2.10.1-6, A.4.2.10, Figure 4 Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.4
&5 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.6
JSSG-2006: Figure 4, pg 459,
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.11
“Discrete bumps and dips for
STANAG 4671 301

slow speeds up to 50 knots- Reference: 4671 305
single and double excitations”. 4671 303
(for standard development) 4671 307
JSSG-2006: Figure 5, pg 460,
“Discrete bumps and dips for
high speeds above 50 knots-
single and double excitations”.
(for standard development)
Section 23.301, 23.303, Reference: CS 23 303
23.305, 23.561 CS 23.305
Section 25.301, 25.303, CS 23.561
25.362, 25.561 CS 25.301
Section 27.301, 27.303, CS 25.303
27.305, 27.561 CS 25.362
Section 29.301, 29.303, CS 25.561
29.305, 29.561 CS 27.301
CS 27 303
CS 27.305
CS 27.561
CS 29.301
CS 29 303
CS 29.305
CS 29.561
Harmonised Ultimate loads used in airframe design shall be obtained through the multiplication of
Text limit loads by appropriate factors of safety.
The factor of safety is not typically lower than 1.5. If a factor of safety is less than 1.5,
justification should be agreed with the Certifying Authority.
For crash case conditions, specific ultimate load factors are be applied allowing a
structural design to give each occupant every reasonable chance of escaping serious
injury.
The aircraft structure shall be designed so that the ultimate loads do not generate
stresses higher than relevant allowable stress values (i.e. rupture).
5.1.3 Verify the design service loads spectra include all sources of repeated loads.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.2.11, A.4.2.11 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.10
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.11
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.12
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.13
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.14
STANAG 4671 23
Reference: 4671 301

4671 307
Section 23.23, 23.301, 23.305, Reference: CS 23.301
23.307 ; CS 23.305
Section 25.23, 25.301, 25.303, CS 23.307
25.305, 25.307 ; CS 25.23
Section 27.301, 27.305, 27.307 CS 25.301
; CS 25.303
Section 29.301, 29.305, CS 25.305
29.307 CS 25.307
CS 27.301
CS 27.305
CS 27.307
CS 29.301
CS 29.305
CS 29.307
Harmonised Verify that the limit loads, to be used in the design of elements of the airframe subject
Text: to deterministic design criteria, shall be the maximum and most critical combination of
loads which can result from authorized ground and flight use of the air vehicle,
including maintenance activity and system failures from which recovery is expected.
This requirement defines the load capability that the airframe must possess to
achieve adequate structural safety and economic operation. Where such loads are
the result of randomly occurring loads, the minimum frequency of occurrence of these
loads must be defined. This insures the inclusion of loads which are of sufficient
magnitude to size elements of the airframe and whose frequency of occurrence
warrants their inclusion. It is typically only necessary to include loads whose
frequency of occurrence is greater than or equal to 1 x 10-7 per flight.
5.1.4 The airframe shall be designed taking account of the loads required under structural impacts such
as bird strike, hail, runway, taxiway, ramp debris, propeller and uncontained fan blade impact;
uncontained engine failure, uncontained high energy rotating machinery failure and other sources of
foreign object damage (FOD), in order to assure the capability of continued safe flight and landing of the
aeroplane after collision. The structural airframe load requirements shall be based upon impact object
characteristics, parameters and data (such as impact object weight, aircraft altitude and speed), that shall
be defined by the appropriate certifying authority.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.2.24 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.2
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.9
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.10
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.9.1
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.9.2
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.9.3
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.9.4
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.9.5

00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.9.6
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.9.7
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.9.8
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.9.9
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.9.10
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.9.11
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.9.12
STANAG 4671 609#
Reference: 4671 631
4671 775
Section 23.775 Reference: CS 25.571
Section 25.631, 25.773, 25.775 CS 25.631
Section 27.239 CS 25.773
Section 29.631 CS 25.775
CS 27.239
CS 29.631
Comments: Supplementary information on FOD is supplied within Def-Stan Part 1 Sec 3 Leaflet
36
Note FAR 25.571 considers size and velocity of bird, but also other types of FOD.
Harmonised The airframe shall be designed taking account of the loads required under structural
Text: impacts such as bird strike, hail, runway, taxiway, ramp debris, propeller and
uncontained fan blade impact; uncontained engine failure, uncontained high energy
rotating machinery failure and other sources of foreign object damage (FOD), in order
to assure the capability of continued safe flight and landing of the aeroplane after
collision. The structural airframe load requirements shall be based upon impact object
characteristics, parameters and data (such as impact object weight, aircraft altitude
and speed), that shall be defined by the appropriate certifying authority.
Two approaches may be followed:

•The airframe shall be designed in accordance with a statistical assessment of FOD
strikes scenarios as follows:
- FOD environments shall not result in the loss of the air vehicle, or
shall not incapacitate the pilot or crew with a frequency compatible
with the aircraft safety requirements;
- FOD environments shall not cause unacceptable damage to the
airframe with a frequency equal to or greater than that allowed by the
safety requirements
•FOD requirements shall be tailored in accordance with civil airworthiness codes.
5.1.5 Verify that the ultimate loads are used in the design of elements of the airframe subject to a
deterministic design approach (No Longer Used – See Line 5.1.2).

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3.1.2
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3.1.4

00-970 Part 1 Sec 3.1.5
STANAG 4671 301
Reference: 4671 303
4671 305
4671 307
23.305, 23.307 CS 23.305
Section 25.301, 25.303, CS 23.307
25.305, 25.307 CS 25.301
7 Section 27.301, 27.303, CS 25.303
27.305, 27.307 CS 25.305
Section 29.301, 29.303, CS 25.307
29.305, 29.307 CS 27.301
CS 27 303
CS 27.305
CS 27.307
CS 29.301
CS 29 303
CS 29.305
CS 29.307
Harmonised N/A
Text
5.1.6 Verify that the airframe is designed such that all sources of repeated loads and the associated
frequencies are considered and included in the development of the service loads spectra and do not
detract from the airframe service life.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.2.14.3, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.11
A.4.2.14 Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.13
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.14
STANAG 4671 570
Reference: 4671 572
4671 573
23.573, 23.574 ; CS 23.573
Section 25.571 ; CS 23.574
Section 27.571 ; CS 25.571
Section 29.571. CS 27.571
CS 29.571
Harmonised All sources of repeated loads and associated frequencies shall be identified and
Text: included in the development of the service loads spectra and shall not detract from
the airframe service life.
The following operational and maintenance conditions shall typically be included as
sources of repeated loads:

•Manoeuvres
•Gusts
•Suppression Systems
•Vibration and Acoustics
•Landings
•Buffeting
•Effects of Pressurisation
•Repeated Operations of Movable Structures
•Stored Loads
•Heat Flux
•Other loads including all ground and transportation loads.
5.1.7 Verify that the airframe is designed such that the power or thrust of the installed propulsion system
is commensurate with the ground and flight conditions of intended use, including system failures, and the
capabilities of the propulsion system and crew.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.2.17, A.4.2.17 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.13
Reference:
STANAG 4671 321
Reference: 4671 371
Section 23.371 Reference: CS 25.321
Section 25.321, 25.371 CS 25.371
Harmonised The aircraft airframe shall be designed for the power or thrust of the installed
Text: propulsion system. This includes the ground and flight conditions of intended use,
including system failures, and the capabilities of the propulsion system and crew. This
should also take into account the flight and ground loads, including gyroscopic loads
and forces associated with the power or thrust of the installed propulsion system,
over all ranges of thrust and torque from zero to maximum.
5.1.8 Verify, in the generation of loads, that flight control and automatic control devices, including load
alleviation and ride control devices, are to be in all modes (operative, inoperative, and transient) for which
use is required. This includes use due to, or likely due to single or multiple system failure conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.2.18 and Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.10.54
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.10.56
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.10.57
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.10.58
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.10.59
STANAG 4671 141
Reference: 4671 321
4671 331
4671 337

4671 395
4671 459
4671 683
4671 1329
23.337, 23.683, 23.1329 ; CS 23 .331
Section 25.321, 25.331 25.337 CS 23.337
25.395, 25.683 25.1329 ; CS 23.395
Section 27.141, 27.321, 27.337 CS 23.683
27.395, 27.683 27.1329 ; CS 23.1329
Section 29.141, 29.321, 29.337 CS 25.321
29.395, 29.683 29.1329. CS 25.331
CS 25.337
CS 25.395
CS 25.683
CS 25.1329
CS 27.141
CS 27.321
CS 27.337
CS 27.395
CS 27.1329
CS 29.141
CS 29.321
CS 29.337
CS 29.395
CS 29.683
CS 29.1329
Harmonised In the generation of loads, consideration shall be given to flight control and automatic
Text: control devices, including load alleviation and ride control devices. This shall include
all Flight Control and ACS operating modes (operative, inoperative, and transient)
and identified system degradations.
5.1.9 Verify that flight loading conditions are based upon essentially realistic, physically achievable
conditions of airframe response to pilot induced or autonomous manoeuvres, loss of control manoeuvres,
gusts, and turbulence. Also verify that the realistic conditions considered are both required and expected
to be encountered critical combinations of configurations, gross weights, centres of gravity, thrust or
power, altitudes, speeds, and type of atmosphere and are used in the design of the airframe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.4.1, A.3.4.1.1- Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.2
15 Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.16
JSSG-2006: Power Spectrum 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.29
Equation on pg 264 under 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.20.18
A.3.4.1.6 (for standard 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.20.19
development) STANAG 4671 321
JSSG-2006: Table XI Reference: 4671 331

“Turbulence Field Parameters,”
pg 441 (for standard
development)
Section 23.321, 23.331 ; Reference: CS 23.331
Section 25.301, 25.321, 25.331 CS 25.301
; CS 25.321
Section 27.321 ; CS 25.331
Section 29.321. CS 27.331
CS 29.331
Harmonised Flight loading conditions shall reflect all flight operations including but not limited to
Text: symmetric, asymmetric, directional and evasive manoeuvres, turbulence, aerial
refuelling and delivery, speed and lift control, braking wheels in air, extension and
retraction of landing gear, pressurization, aero elastic deformation effects and
dynamic response during flight operations.
Symmetric and asymmetric flight operations shall include symmetric and asymmetric
fuel and payload loadings as well as adverse trim conditions.
5.1.10 Verify that the airframe is designed for ground loading conditions which reflect ground and
maintenance operations.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.4.2, 3.4.2.1- Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 3.11.2
11, 3.4.2.12 and 15, 4.4.2 Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.13
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.20.17
STANAG 4671 301
Reference: 4671 471
4671 473
4671 497
4671 499
4671 511
23.497, 23.499, 23.505, 23.511 CS 23.497
; CS 23.499
Section 23.511, 25.471, CS 23.505
25.473, 25.489, 25.511, 25.519 CS 23.511
; CS 25.471
Section 27.471, 27.473, CS 25.473
27.497, 27.501, 27.549 ; CS 25.489
Section 29.473, 29.481, CS 25.511
29.497, 29.501, 29.511. CS 25.519
CS 27.471
CS 27.473
CS 27.497
CS 27.501

CS 27.549
CS 29.471
CS 29.473
CS 29.481
CS 29.497
CS 29.501
CS 29.511
Harmonised Ground loads (static and dynamic) are considered to be external loads and inertia
Text: forces that act upon an aeroplane structure. Of the many ground load conditions that
exist, which include but are not limited to Taxiing, Turns, Pivoting, Braking, Takeoffs,
Landings, ground/embarked operations, ski equipped air vehicles manoeuvres,
maintenance and such uncontrollable effects as ground winds, crashes and
uncontrolled ditching, each specified ground load condition and it's external reactions
must be placed in equilibrium with the linear and angular inertia forces present.
5.1.11 Verify that in the generation of loads the airframe is able to withstand crashes and to protect
personnel to the extent reflected by the ultimate loading conditions and parameters.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: ADS-36 (Army use) Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.13
JSSG-2006: A.3.4.2.11, Table Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.22.2
XIV, “Seat Crash Load 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.22.6
Factors,” pg 443 (for standard 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.22.8
development) 32 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.22.11
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.22.23
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.22.26
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.22.27
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.22.28
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.22.50
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.22 52
STANAG 4671 301
Reference:
23.497, 23.499, 23.505, 23.511 CS 25.561
; CS 25.562
Section 23.511, 25.471, CS 27.561
25.473, 25.489, 25.511, 25.519 CS 27.562
; CS 29.561
Section 27.471, 27.473, CS 29.562
27.497, 27.501, 27.549 ;
Comments: Supplementary information provided within AMC 301 of STANAG 4671.
Particular attention should be applied to people on the ground. This criteria applies to
UAS.
Harmonised The airframe, although it may be damaged in emergency landing conditions on land
Text: or water, shall be designed to protect personnel during crash landings.

The intent of this requirement is to establish crash load factors for structural
requirements of airframe installations and backup structures required to protect
personnel during crash landings.
The airframe should provide a protective shell surrounding the personnel, and should
minimize the loads experienced by personnel so that (hopefully) they will be less than
human tolerance limits. Mass items are to be supported in such a manner so as to
prevent lethal or injurious blows to personnel.
Consideration shall typically be given to:
a. Seat installations.
b. Fuel tanks and installations.
c. Fixed and removable equipment.
d. Cargo.
e. Litters.
f. Bunks.
The airframe shall also not inhibit personnel egress from an airframe.
5.2. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS.
5.2.1 Verify that the air vehicle, in all configurations including store carriage and system failures, is free
from flutter, whirl flutter, divergence, and other related aeroelastic or aeroservoelastic instabilities,
including transonic aeroelastic instabilities, for all combinations of altitude and speed
encompassed by the limit speed (VL/ML) versus altitude envelope enlarged at all points by the
airspeed margin of safety. Also, verify that all aerodynamic surfaces and components of the air
vehicle are free from aeroelastic divergence and that the inlet, transparency, and other
aerodynamically loaded panels are designed to prevent flutter and limited amplitude oscillations
when exposed to high transonic or supersonic flow.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.1.2, A.3.7.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.8.10
A.3.7.1.2, A.3.7.1.4, A.3.7.1.5, Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.10.98
A.3.7.1.6, A.3.7.1.7, A.3.7.2, 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.10.99
A.3.7.3, A.3.3.9, A.4.3.9, A.4.7
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.8.4
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.8.10
STANAG 4671 629
Reference: 4671 1329
23.677, 23.687; CS 23.677
Section25.409, 25.629, 25.677; CS 23.687
Section 27.687; CS 25.409
Section 29.687. CS 25.629
CS 25.677

CS 27.687
CS 29.687
Comments: Guidance in Def-Stan Leaflet 23
Harmonised Verify that the air vehicle, in all configurations including store carriage and system
Text: failures, is free from flutter, whirl flutter, divergence, and other related aeroelastic or
aeroservoelastic instabilities, including transonic aeroelastic instabilities at any point
within the flight envelope enlarged at all points by an airspeed margin of safety.
Also, verify that all aerodynamic surfaces and components of the air vehicle are free
from aeroelastic divergence and that the inlet, transparency, and other
aerodynamically loaded panels are designed to prevent flutter and limited amplitude
oscillations when exposed to high transonic or supersonic flow.
Adequate tolerances shall be established for quantities which affect flutter; including
speed, damping, mass balance and control system stiffness.
The aeroservoelastic model shall be validated by tests or other approved methods to

be agreed with the authority.
5.2.2 Verify that the control surfaces and tabs contain sufficient static and dynamic mass balance, or
sufficient bending, torsional, and rotational rigidity; or a combination of these means to prevent
flutter; or limited-amplitude instabilities of all critical modes under all flight conditions for normal
and failure operating conditions of the actuating systems. Verify that all control surfaces and parts
thereof are free from single-degree-of-freedom flutter, such as buzz. Also verify that all other air
vehicle components exposed to the airstream, such as spoilers, dive brakes, scoops, landing
gear doors, weapon bay doors, ventral fins, movable inlet ramps, movable fairings, and blade
antennae are free from aeroelastic instability.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.7.1.3, A.3.7.1.8, A.3.7.2, Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.9.43
A.3.7.3, A.3.7.4, A.3.7.5, A.4.7, 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.9.44
A.4.7.5
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.10.98
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.10.99
STANAG 4671 409
Reference: 4671 677
4671 687
23.687; CS 23.687
Section 25.409, 25.677; CS 25.409
Section 27.687; CS 25.677
Section 29.687. CS 27.687
CS 29.687
Harmonised Air vehicle components which are exposed to the airstream shall be designed to
Text: prevent any aeroelastic instability.
All control surfaces and tabs shall be designed for the most severe combination of

airspeed and tab deflection likely to be obtained within the flight envelope for any
usable loading condition.
Tab controls must be irreversible unless the tab is properly balanced and has no
unsafe flutter characteristics.
All control surfaces and tabs shall contain sufficient static and dynamic mass balance,
or sufficient bending, torsional, and rotational rigidity; or a combination of these
means to prevent flutter; or limited-amplitude instabilities of all critical modes under all
flight conditions for normal and failure operating conditions of the actuating systems.
In addition, interactions of air vehicle systems, such as the control systems coupling
with the airframe, shall be controlled to prevent the occurrence of any
aeroservoelastic instability.
5.2.3 Verify that the airframe structure (including cavities), equipment, and equipment provisions
withstand the aeroacoustic loads and vibrations induced by the aeroacoustic environment for the
air vehicle specified service life and usage without cracking or functional impairment.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.5.1, A.4.5.1 Def-Stan 00-970
Reference:
STANAG 4671 251
Reference: 4671 570
Section 23.25; Reference: CS 25.251
Section 25.251; CS 25.771
Section 25.251, 27.771; CS 27.251
Section 29.251, 29.771 CS 27.771
CS 29.251
CS 29.771
Comments: Def-Stan 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 refers to aero-acoustic testing within Leaflet 37 & 38 -
Fatigue.
Harmonised The airframe structure (including cavities), equipment, and equipment provisions shall
Text: withstand the aeroacoustic loads and the vibrations induced by aeroacoustic loads
(including acoustic fatigue) for the defined service life and usage of the aircraft
without cracking or functional impairment.
5.2.4 Not applicable to Section 5. This criteria has been moved to Section 9.4.6.

Comm'l Doc:
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.15.79
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.24.30
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.26.76
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.26.80
STANAG 4671 1703
Reference:

FAA Doc: EASA CS CS 23.853
CS 25.771
CS 25.856
CS 27.771
CS 29.771
CS 29.853
Comments: No applicable criteria for STANAG 4671 other than crew workstation (4671.1703) as
this standard applies to UAS.
5.2.5 Verify that the airframe is designed such that it can operate in the vibration environments induced
by the operational use for the specified service life. Also verify that the airframe is designed such
that no fatigue cracking or excessive vibration of the airframe structure or components occurs
that would result in the air vehicle or the components of the air vehicle systems not being fully
functional.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.5.1 - A3.5.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.8.2
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4.4.8.5
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.8.10
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.8.11
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.8.12
STANAG 4671 251
Reference: 4671 570
4671 572
4671 573
4671 629
4671 963
23.963; CS 23.963
Section 25.251, 25.305, CS 25.251
25.683, 25.963; CS 25.305
Section 27.251, 27.659; CS 25.683
Section 29.251, 29.659. CS 25.963
CS 27.251
CS 27.659
CS 29.251
CS 29.659
Comments: Note: there is no A.3.6.2 as referred to by Mil-HDBK-516B (only 5.6). Amended
EMAR 516 to correct this mistake.
Harmonised The airframe shall be designed such that the structure and components withstand the
Text: vibrations resulting from all vibration sources for the defined service life and usage of
the aircraft.

Typical sources of vibration to which the airframe may be exposed are listed below.
a). Forces and moments transmitted to the aircraft structure mechanically or

aerodynamically from the propulsion systems, secondary power sources, propellers,
jet effluxes and aerodynamic wakes, downwashes and vortices (including those from
protuberances, speed brakes, wings, flaps, etc.) and cavity resonances.
b). Forces from gun recoil or gun blast.
c). Buffeting forces.
d). Unbalances, both residual and inherent, of rotating components such as
propellers, and rotating components of engines.
e). Forces from store and cargo carriage and ejection.
f). Forces due to operation from airfields and ships.
g). Structural response due to gusts.
There shall be no vibration or buffeting severe enough to result in structural damage,

fatigue cracking or excessive vibration of the airframe structure or components, under
any appropriate speed and power conditions within the flight envelope.
Excessive vibrations are those structural displacements which result in components

of the air vehicle systems not being fully functional.
5.2.6 Verify that equipment and structure behind and near vents and louvers are designed for the
effects of flow through the vents and louvers during conditions of normal and reverse flows.

Comm'l Doc:
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.3.85
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.24.9
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.24.32
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.24.35
STANAG 4671 365
Reference: 4671 609
23.831, 23.859; CS 23.831
Section 25.365, 25.609, CS 23.859
25.831, 25.859; CS 25.365
Section 27.609, 27.831, CS 25.609
27.859; Cs 25.831
Section 29.609, 29.831, CS 25.859
29.859. CS 27.609
CS 27.831
CS 27.859
CS 29.609
CS 29.831

CS 29.859
Harmonised Verify that equipment and structure behind and near vents and louvers are designed
Text: for the effects of flow through the vents and louvers during conditions of normal and
reverse flows.
Hot gases from auxiliary power units as well as from propulsion systems may be
drawn into the airframe through vents and louvers under some conditions thus
damaging equipment and structure. If necessary to maintain their required
usefulness, equipment and structure behind and near vents and louvers shall be
designed for the effects of flow through the vents and louvers during conditions of
normal and reverse flows. Thermal, sand abrasion, rain, ice and other foreign object
damage effects are to be covered.
5.3. STRENGTH.
5.3.1 The airframe structure must be able to support p x limit loads (proof loads) without detrimental,
permanent deformation. At any load up to proof loads, the deformation may not interfere with safe
operation if the aircraft. The ratio p is typically defined between 105% and 115% as to be agreed by the
Certifying Authority.
The airframe structure must be able to support ultimate loads without failure for at least three seconds,
except local failures or structural instabilities between limit and ultimate load are acceptable only if the
structure can sustain the required ultimate load for at least three seconds.
Verification of sufficient strength is required for operations, maintenance functions, occurrences of system
failures, and any tests that simulate load conditions, including modifications, new or revised equipment
installations, major repairs, extensive reworks, extensive refurbishment, or remanufacture.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.2.13, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 3.1.4
A.3.10.5, A.3.10.9, A.3.10.10 Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.1
(for standard development); 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.4
A.4.10.5, A.4.10.5.1,
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.8
A.4.10.5.2, A.4.10.9, A.4.10.10
(for compliance development) 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.8a
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.10
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.11
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.14
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.22
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.27
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.2
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.4
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.11
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.13
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.54
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.7.43
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.1.6

00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.1.41
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.35
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.37
STANAG 4671 305
Reference: 4671 307
4671 321
4671 570
4671 572
4671 573
4671 575
4671 603
4671 613
4671 629
4671 681
23.573, 23.575, 23.603, CS 23.573
23.613, 23.629, 23.681 ; CS 23.575
Section 25.305, 25.307, CS 23.603
25.571, 25.603, 25.613, CS 23.613
25.629, 25.681 ; CS 23.629
Section 27.305, 27.307, CS 23.681
27.309, 27.603, 27.613 ; CS 25.305
Section 29.305, 29.307, CS 25.307
29.309, 29.571, 29.603, 29.613 CS 25.571
; CS 25.603
CS 25.613
CS 25.629
CS 25.681
CS 27.305
CS 27.307
CS 27.309
CS 27.603
CS 27.613
CS 29.305
CS 29.307
CS 29.309
CS 29.571
CS 29.603
CS 29.613
Harmonised The airframe structure must be able to support p x limit loads (proof loads) without
Text: detrimental, permanent deformation. At any load up to proof loads, the deformation
may not interfere with safe operation if the aircraft. The ratio p is typically defined
between 105% and 115% as to be agreed by the Certifying Authority.
The airframe structure must be able to support ultimate loads without failure for at
least three seconds, except local failures or structural instabilities between limit and
ultimate load are acceptable only if the structure can sustain the required ultimate

load for at least three seconds.
Verification of sufficient strength is required for operations, maintenance functions,

occurrences of system failures, and any tests that simulate load conditions, including
modifications, new or revised equipment installations, major repairs, extensive
reworks, extensive refurbishment, or remanufacture.
5.3.2 Verify that the allowables for materials are derived using statistical compensations appropriate to
part criticality and the nature of the material; are established considering component and assembly
variability, the expected environmental extremes, fabrication processes, repair techniques, and quality
assurance procedures; and are validated. Verify that conditions and properties associated with material
repairs satisfy design requirements.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-1568 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.8
MIL-HDBK-1587 Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.9
JSSG-2006: A.3.2.19, 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.10
A.3.2.19.1, A.3.2.19.2 (for 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.39
standard development) 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.1.2
JSSG-2006: A.4.2.19, 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.1.4
A.4.2.19.1, A.4.2.19.2 (for 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.1.13
compliance development) 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.1.14
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.5.2
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.5.4
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.6.2
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.7.6
STANAG 4671 573
Reference: 4671 603
4671 605
4671 613
4671 625
23.605, 23.625 ; CS 23.605
Section 25.573, 25.603, CS 23.613
25.605, 25.625 ; CS 23.625
Section 27.573, 27.603, CS 25.307
27.605, 27.625 ; CS 25.603
Section 29.573, 29.603, CS 25.605
29.605, 29.625 . CS 25.613
CS 25.625
CS 27.603
CS 27.605
CS 27.613
CS 27.625
CS 29.603
CS 29.605

CS 29.613
CS 27.625
Harmonised Materials selection for use within the airframe structure shall be selected taking into
Text: account the criticality of the application within the airframe structure and the limits of
the material properties. Appropriate selection will take into account, fabrication
processes, repair techniques, environmental changes and the variability of materials
through established fabrication and processes, and verification of suitability shall be
demonstrated through appropriate testing, verification and analyses.
The allowable structural properties shall include all applicable statistical variability and
environmental effects, such as exposure to climatic conditions of moisture and
temperature; exposure to corrosive and corrosion causing environments; airborne or
spilled chemical warfare agents; and maintenance induced environments
commensurate with the usage of the airframe. Specific material requirements are:
a. Where applicable, average values of crack growth data (da/dN) should be used in
the crack growth analysis;
b. Where applicable, minimum values of fracture toughness should be used for
residual strength analysis;
c. "A" basis design allowables should be used in the design of all critical parts. "A"
basis design allowables should also be used in the design of structure not tested to
ultimate load in full scale airframe static testing. "B" basis design allowables may be
used for all other structure.
The processes used to prepare and form the materials for use in the airframe as well
as joining methods shall be commensurate with the material application. Further, the
processes and joining methods shall not contribute to unacceptable degradation of
the properties of the materials when the airframe is exposed to operational usage and
support environments.
5.3.3 Verify that stresses and strains in structural members are controlled through proper sizing, detail
design, and materials selection. Verify that for all limit, design (including the Navy design landing
condition, where applicable), and ultimate loads are reacted resulting in zero or positive margins
of safety for all configurations within allowable operating conditions (including probable failure
and defined emergency conditions).

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.10.4, A.3.10.4.1, Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.4
A.3.10.4.2, A.3.10.4.3, 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.7
A.3.10.4.4, A.3.10.5 (for
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.8
standard development)
JSSG-2006: A.4.10.4, 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.8a
A.4.10.4.1, A.4.10.4.2, 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.9
A.4.10.4.3, A.4.10.4.4 (for 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.4.15
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.3.86
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.6.10
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.7.4
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.7.5

00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.7.6
STANAG 4671 301

Reference: 4671 321
4671 607
4671 613
4671 621
4671 623
4671 625
4671 627
4671 783
23.613, 23.621, 23.625, CS 23.613
23.627, 23.783 ; CS 23.621
Section 25.301, 25.607, CS 23.623
25.613, 25.621, 25.625, 25.783 CS 23.625
; CS 23.627
Section 27.25, 27.301, 27.607, CS 23.783
27.613, 27.621 ; CS 25.301
Section 29.25, 29.301, 29.607, CS 25.607
29.613, 29.621, 29.783. CS 25.613
CS 25.621
CS 25.623
CS 25.625
CS 25.783
CS 27.25
CS 27.301
CS 27.607
CS 27.613
CS 27.621
CS 27.623
CS 29.25
CS 29.301
CS 29.607
CS 29.613
CS 29.621
CS 29.623
CS 29.783
Harmonised Appropriate use of nominal data, design and material selection shall ensure required
Text: stresses, strain and structural strength within airframe component members. The
airframe structure must be able to provide sufficient static strength for reacting all
loading conditions loads without degrading the structural performance capability of
the airframe. Sufficient strength shall be provided for operations, maintenance
functions, and any tests that simulate load conditions.
Consideration should be given to the following aspects and typical values are
provided.
1. All structure are designed to nominal dimensional values or 110
percent of minimum values, whichever is less.

2. The determination of margins of safety is based on the allowable of
§5.3.2.
3. Thermal stresses and strains are determined for structures that
experience significant heating or cooling whenever expansion or contraction
limited by external or internal constraints. Thermal stresses and strains are
combined with concurrent stresses produced by other load sources in a
conservative manner.
4. In laminated composites, the stresses and ply orientation are
compatible and residual stresses of manufacturing are accounted for,
particularly if the stacking sequence is not symmetrical.
5. For each fitting and attachment whose strengths are not proven by
limit and ultimate load tests in which actual stress conditions are simulated in
the fitting and surrounding structure, the design stress values are increased
in magnitude by multiplying these loads or stress values by a fitting factor.
The fitting factor is 1.15 for all bolted and welded joints and for structure
immediately adjacent to the joints. A fitting factor does not have to be used
for continuous lines of rivets installed in sheet-metal joints.
6. The design stress values for bolted joints with clearance (free fit) that
are subjected to relative rotation under limit load or shock and vibration loads,
are increased in magnitude by multiplying by a 2.0 bearing factor times the
stress values. This bearing factor does not have to be multiplied by the fitting
factor.
7. Structural doors and panels as well as access doors and components
with one or more quick-opening latches or fasteners do not fail, open, vibrate,
flap or flutter in flight. The most critical combinations of latches or fasteners
are designed for left unsecure.
8. Castings are classified and inspected, and all castings conform to
applicable process requirements. A casting factor of 1.33 is used. The
factors, tests and inspections of this section are applied in addition to those
necessary to establish foundry quality control. The use of castings or
C/Hipped parts for primary or critical applications and/or castings with a
casting factor less than 1.33, have successfully completed a developmental
and qualification program. These castings meet the analytical requirements
without a casting factor and meet the service life requirements for both crack
initiation and crack growth for flaws representative of the casting and
manufacturing process.
Due to the nature of some structural designs or materials, high variability may be
encountered around the nominal design. Such design features must have a minimum
level of structural integrity at the acceptable extremes of dimensions, tolerances,
material properties, processing windows, processing controls, end or edge fixities,
eccentricities, fastener flexibility, fit up stresses, environments, manufacturing
processes, etc. In addition to meeting the standard strength requirements, the
structure must have no detrimental deformation of the maximum once per lifetime
load and no structural failure at 125 percent of design limit load for the critical
combinations of the acceptable extremes.
5.4. DAMAGE TOLERANCE AND DURABILITY (FATIGUE).

5.4.1 Verify that all safety-of-flight (SOF) structure, including dynamic components, have adequate safe
life or damage tolerance capability (depending on certification authority).for the required service life.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.12 Damage Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 3.2.3
Tolerance, pg 398 Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.2
JSSG-2006: A.4.12 Damage 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.3
Tolerance, pg 400 (for 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.8
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.10
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.11
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.12
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.13
STANAG 4671 305
Reference: 4671 570
4671 572
4671 573
4671 575
23.571, 23.572, 23.573; Reference: CS 23.572
25.571; CS 23.573
27.571; CS 23.575
29.571. CS 25.571
CS 27.571
CS 29.571
Harmonised The airframe structure and associated components, whose failure would be
Text: catastrophic, must be shown by analysis supported by test evidence and, if available,
service experience, to meet the fatigue requirements of a damage tolerant or, if not
applicable a safe life design methodology over the design service life of the aircraft.
The fatigue evaluation must include the requirements of subparagraph (1), (2), and
(3) and also must include a determination of the probable locations and modes of
damage caused by fatigue, considering environmental effects, intrinsic/discrete flaws,
or accidental damage.
(1) The airframe shall have adequate (as defined by the type of aircraft and
application) residual strength in the presence of flaws for the period of service usage
before they are detected.
(2) The damage tolerance evaluation must include a determination of the probable
locations and modes of damage due to fatigue, corrosion, or accidental damage.
Damage at multiple sites due to fatigue must be included where the design is such
that this type of damage can be expected to occur. The evaluation must incorporate
repeated load and static analyses supported by test evidence. The extent of damage
for residual strength evaluation at any time within the operational life of the aeroplane
must be consistent with the initial detectability and subsequent growth under repeated
loads.
(3) Replacement time evaluation and/or inspection interval. It must be shown that the
probability of catastrophic fatigue failure provides an acceptable level of safety, as
defined by the relevant authority, within a replacement time or inspection interval as

specified within the relevant continued airworthiness documentation.
Based on the evaluations required by this paragraph, established as necessary to

avoid catastrophic failure, inspections, replacement times, combinations thereof, or
other procedures must be included in the relevant airworthiness limitations section of
the appropriate continued airworthiness documentation.
5.4.2 Verify the airframe structure has sufficient durability to preclude adverse safety, economic,
operational, maintenance, repair, or modification cost impacts throughout its intended service life.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.11 Durability, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.4
pg 378 JSSG-2006: A.4.11 Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.5
Durability, pg 379 (for 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.7
compliance development)
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.8
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.9
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.10
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.10.55
STANAG 4671 572
Reference: 4671 573
4671 603
4671 609
Section 23.573, 23.603, 23.609 Reference: CS 23.603
; CS 23.609
Section 25.603, 25.609 ; CS 25.603
Section 27.603, 27.609 ; CS 25.609
Section 29.603, 29.609. CS 27.603
CS 27.609
CS 29.603
CS 29.609
Harmonised The durability capability of the airframe shall be adequate to resist fatigue cracking,
Text: corrosion, thermal degradation, delamination, and wear during operation and
maintenance such that the operational and maintenance capability of the airframe is
not degraded and the service life and usage conditions are not adversely affected.
These requirements apply to metallic and non-metallic structures, including
composites, with appropriate distinctions and variations as indicated. Durability
material properties shall be consistent and congruent with those properties of the
same material, in the same component, used by the other structures disciplines.
Consideration should be given to
1. Fatigue cracking/delamination damage.

For one lifetime when the airframe is subjected to the environment and
service usage, except where it is desired to meet special life provisions, the
airframe shall be free of cracking, delaminations, disbonds, deformations, or
defects which:
a. require repair, replacement, inspection to maintain structural integrity, or

undue inspection burden for ship based aircraft.
b. cause interference with the mechanical operation of the aircraft.
c. affect the aircraft aerodynamic characteristics.
d. cause functional impairment.
e. result in sustained growth of cracks/delaminations resulting from steady-
state level flight
or ground handling conditions.
f. result in water intrusion.
g. result in visible damage from a single impact.
2. Corrosion prevention and control.

The airframe shall operate in corrosion producing environments.
Corrosion (including pitting, stress corrosion cracking, crevice, galvanic,
filiform, and exfoliation) which affects the operational readiness of the
airframe through initiation of flaws which are unacceptable from a durability,
damage tolerance, and residual strength viewpoint shall not occur during the
defined service life and usage for the aircraft.
Corrosion prevention systems shall remain effective during the service life
and usage of the aircraft in defined chemical, thermal and climatic
environments.
Specific corrosion prevention and control measures, procedures and
processes must be identified and established commensurate with the
operational and maintenance capability required of the airframe.
3. Thermal protection assurance.

Thermal protection systems shall remain effective during the service life and
usage the aircraft in defined chemical, thermal and climatic environments.
4. Wear and erosion.

The function of structural components, elements, and major bearing surfaces
shall not be degraded by wear during the service life and usage of the
aircraft.
The criteria applies to the following typical components:
a. Structural surfaces which move
b. Structural and maintenance access panels and other removable parts
c. Doors and ramps
d. Other structure
e. Leading edges
f. Radomes
g. Housings
h. Other protrusions
5. Special life requirement structure.

The following structural components shall comply with special life
requirements:
a. Limited life structure
b. Extra life structure.

6. Nondestructive testing and inspection (NDT/I).
NDT/I shall be utilized during the design, development, production, and
deployment phases of the program to assure that the system is produced and
maintained with sufficient structural integrity to meet performance
requirements. Other requirements apply as appropriate.
The methods of fabrication used must produce a consistently sound structure. If a

fabrication process (such as gluing, spot welding, or heat treating) requires close
control to reach this objective, the process must be performed under an approved
process specification. In addition, each new aircraft fabrication method must be
substantiated by a test programme.
To ensure sufficient durability over the useful operating life of the aircraft, protective
measures should be applied to the materials and structure, particular with respect to
environmental degradation, corrosion and abrasion.
The variability of material properties (including hazardous materials) and fabrication

processes shall be considered for when determining the durability capability of the
airframe structure, ensuring that the workmanship employed is of a high standard and
that reference is made to the relevant specifications and design data. Consistent
material properties at the fabrication process stage will ensure that variability between
materials, structures and components is reduced.
5.4.3 Verify that a durability and damage tolerance control process is established and implemented in
the engineering design and manufacturing process.
Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-6870 for guidance Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 3.2.13
in the development of Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.6
Nondestructive Inspection 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.7
procedures.
JSSG-2006: A.3.13, pg 417 STANAG 4671 573
Reference: 4671 575
JSSG-2006: A.4.13, pg 419
(for compliance development)
MIL-HDBK-1568
MIL-STD-1530C
Section 23.575; Reference: CS 25.571
Section 25.571; CS 27.571
Section 27.571; CS 29.571
Section 29.571.
Harmonised A Durability Control Program shall be established for the aircraft structure. This
Text: program shall identify and define all the tasks necessary to ensure compliance with
the durability requirements (including damage tolerance). The disciplines of fracture
mechanics, fatigue, materials and processes selection, environmental protection,
corrosion prevention and control, design, manufacturing, quality control, non-

destructive inspection, and probabilistic methods shall be considered when the
durability (including damage tolerance) control processes are developed. This
program shall include the requirement to perform durability (including damage
tolerance) design concept, material, weight, performance, and cost trade studies
early during the aircraft’s design so as to obtain structurally-efficient and cost-
effective designs.
This program shall also include the definition of means for tracking each individual
aircraft fatigue consumption and crack growth life, as well as the definition of a
suitable inspection program to be included in the instructions for continued
airworthiness.
The durability (including damage tolerance) control process should include as a

minimum the following tasks:
a. A disciplined procedure for durability design should be implemented
to minimize the possibility of incorporating adverse residual stresses, local
design details, materials, processing, and fabrication practices into the
problems (i.e., to find these problems which otherwise have historically been
found during durability testing or early in service usage).
b. Basic data (i.e., initial quality distribution, fatigue allowables, KIC, KC,
KISCC, da/dn, etc.) utilized in the initial trade studies and the final design and
analyses should be obtained from existing sources or developed as part of
the contract.
c. A criteria for identifying and tracing maintenance critical parts should
be established by the contractor and should require approval by the procuring
agency. It is envisioned that maintenance critical parts will be expensive,
non-economical-to-replace parts. A maintenance critical parts list should be
established by the contractor and should be kept current as the design of the
airframe progresses.
d. A criteria for identifying and tracing fatigue/fracture critical parts
should be established by the contractor and should require approval by the
procuring agency. It is envisioned that fatigue/fracture critical parts will be
expensive or safety of flight structural parts. A fatigue/fracture critical parts list
should be established by the contractor and should be kept current as the
design of the airframe progresses.
e. Design drawings for the maintenance critical parts and
fatigue/fracture critical parts should identify critical locations, special
processing (e.g., shot peenings), and inspection requirements.
f. Material procurement and manufacturing process specifications
should be developed and updated as necessary to ensure that initial quality
and fracture toughness properties of the critical parts exceed the design
value.
g. Experimental determination sufficient to estimate initial quality by
microscopic or fractographic examination should be required for those
structural areas where cracks occur during full scale durability testing.
h. Durability analyses, corrosion cracking assessment, damage
tolerance analyses, development testing, and full scale testing should be
performed in accordance with this specification.
i. Complete non-destructive inspection requirements, process control
requirements, and quality control requirements for maintenance,

fatigue/fracture critical parts should be established by the contractor and
should require approval by the procuring agency. This task should include the
proposed plan for certifying and monitoring subcontractor, vendor, and
supplier controls.
j. The durability and damage tolerance control process should include
any special non-destructive inspection demonstration programs conducted in
accordance with the requirements of this specification.
k. Traceability requirements should be defined and imposed by the
contractor on those fatigue and fracture critical parts that receive prime
contractor or subcontractor in-house processing and fabrication operations
which could degrade the design material properties.
l. For all fracture critical parts that are designed for a degree of
inspectability other than in-service non-inspectable, the contractor should
define the necessary inspection procedures for field use for each appropriate
degree of inspectability as specified in the specification.
Consideration should be given to Individual Aircraft Tracking task.
5.4.4 Verify that environmental protection (including corrosion prevention) systems remain effective
during the service life. Specific corrosion prevention and control measures, procedures, and processes
are to be identified and established commensurate with the operational and maintenance capability
required of the airframe.

Comm'l Doc:
Corrosion Prevention and Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.8
Control, pg 389 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.9
JSSG-2006: A.4.11.2
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.10
Corrosion Prevention and
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.2.12
Control, pg 392 (for
STANAG 4672 575
compliance development)
Reference: 4671 603
4671 609
MIL-HDBK-1568
4671 613
STANAG 7011
MIL-STD-1530C
Section 23.575, 23.603, 23.609 Reference: CS 23.603
Section 25.571, 25.603, 25.609 CS 23.609
Section 27.571, 27.603, 27.609 CS 25.571
Section 29.571, 27.603, CS 25.603
27.609. CS 25.609
CS 27.571
CS 27.603
CS 27.609
CS 29.571
CS 29.603
CS 29.609
Harmonised Throughout the service life of the aircraft, corrosion prevention measures shall be

Text: provided against deterioration or loss of strength in materials by providing resistance
and protection from any effects of environmental degradation
Evaluations into material strength, detailed design and fabrication shall show that all
forms of corrosion, including and not limited to pitting, stress corrosion cracking,
crevice, galvanic, filiform, and exfoliation will not result in catastrophic failure to the
aircraft.
Protective finishes applied to materials and structure, including the appropriate
selection of materials against deterioration or loss of strength, along with applicable
processes, procedure and control methods shall be commensurate within the
operational and maintenance philosophy applied to the aircraft during service life and
should be recorded within the relevant Airworthiness Limitations section of the
Continued Airworthiness documentation
An Environmental Protection Control Plan shall be prepared consistent with the
design service life defining corrosion prevention and control requirements and all the
measures that minimize the potential for environmental degradation (including
corrosion) throughout the structure. The plan shall take into account at least the
following:
a. An evaluation of the susceptibility of the aircraft structure to
environmental degradation (including corrosion) shall be conducted
identifying locations where the structure might be susceptible to
environmental degradation (including corrosion) and
b. the expected type(s) of degradation and corrosion (e.g., exfoliation,
uniform, crevice, intergranular, and stress-corrosion cracking, etc.) that could
occur at these locations. To identify potential environmental degradation and
corrosion damage locations, the evaluation shall account for the materials,
manufacturing processes, corrosion prevention systems (e.g. coatings,
sealants, etc.), preventative maintenance approaches (e.g., hangaring, wash
cycles, wash fluids, etc.), the inspectability of the location, and structural
fabrication techniques as well as the expected operational environments to
which the aircraft are subjected.
c. The criteria for the selection of corrosion resistant materials and their
subsequent treatments shall be defined.
d. Organic and inorganic coatings for all airframe structural components
and parts, and their associated selection criteria shall be defined.
e. Procedures for requiring drawings to be reviewed by and signed off
by materials and processes personnel shall be defined.
f. Finishes for the airframe shall be defined. General guidelines shall be
included for selection of finishes in addition to identifying finishes for specific
parts, such that the intended finish for any structural area is identified.
The organizational structure, personnel, and procedures for accomplishing these
tasks shall be defined and established.
5.5. MASS PROPERTIES.
5.5.1 Verify that the mass properties fully support safe vehicle operations for all defined mission
requirements, variation in useful load, basing/deployment concepts, interfaces, and necessary
maintenance.

Comm'l Doc: SAWE RP No. 7: 3.2.6 and 3.3
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: 3.2.5 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.3.13
00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.4.16
STANAG 4671 21
Reference: 4671 23
4671 25
4671 29
4671 321
4671 343
4671 659
23.29, 23.321, 23.343, 23.659; CS 23.25
Section 25.21, 25.25, 25.29, CS 23.29
25.321, 25.343; CS 23.321
Section 7.21, 27.23, 27.25, CS 23.343
27.29, 27.321, 27.659; CS 23.659
Section 29.21, 29.25, 29.29, CS 25.21
29.321, 29.659. CS 25.25
CS 25.29
CS 25.321
CS 25.343
CS 27.21
CS 27.23
CS 27.25
CS 27.29
CS 27.321
CS 27.659
CS 29.21
CS 29.25
CS 29.29
CS 29.321
CS 29.659
Harmonised Mass properties shall fully support safe vehicle operations at each appropriate
Text: combination of mass and centre of gravity within the range of loading conditions for
which certification is requested. This shall be shown -
(1) By tests upon an aeroplane of the type for which certification is requested, or by
calculations based on, and equal in accuracy to, the results of testing; and
(2) By systematic investigation of each probable combination of mass and centre of
gravity, if compliance cannot be reasonably inferred from combinations investigated.
Ranges of mass and centres of gravity within which the aeroplane may be safely
operated shall be established and shall include the range for lateral centres of gravity
if possible loading conditions can result in significant variation of their positions.
Consideration shall be given to all masses, measured using agreed standards, with
defined and appropriate tolerances, between:-

(a) The minimum mass; and
(b) The maximum mass at which the aeroplane can reach the altitude considered.
5.5.2 Verify that centre of gravity margins are properly defined to handle aerodynamic, centre of
gravity, and inertia changes resulting from fuel usage, store expenditure, asymmetric fuel and store
loading, fuel migration at high angle of attack and roll rates, and aerial refuelling, and release of external
sling loads, and air drop of internal cargo.

Comm'l Doc: SAWE RP No. 7: 3.4.9, 3.5,
3.2.7.3.1, and 3.2.7.3.1.4
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: 3.2.6 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.3.14
STANAG 4671 21
Reference: 4671 23
4671 29
4671 321
4671 1519
23.1519; CS 23.529
Section 25.21, 25.23, 25.27, CS 23.1519
25.29, 25.1519; CS 25.21
Section 27.21, 27.27, 27.29, CS 25.23
27.1519; CS 25.27
Section 29.21, 29.27, 29.29, CS 25.29
29.1519. CS 25.1519
CS 27.21
CS 27.27
CS 27.29
CS 27.1519
CS 29.21
CS 29.27
CS 29.29
CS 29.1519
Harmonised Centre of gravity margins shall be properly defined to handle aerodynamic, centre of
Text: gravity, and inertia changes resulting from fuel usage, store expenditure, asymmetric
fuel and store loading, fuel migration at high angle of attack and roll rates, and aerial
refuelling, and release of external sling loads, and air drop of internal cargo.
5.5.3 Verify that flight and maintenance manuals are consistent and contain all required checklists and
loading data necessary to conduct required weight and balance checks while complying with specific
weight and balance requirements.

Comm'l Doc: SAWE RP No. 7 3.4.9 and DI-
MGMT-81502

DoD/MIL Doc: DI-MGMT-81502; TO 1-1B-50 Def-Stan 00-970
"USAF Weight and Balance"; Reference:
TM 55-1500-342-23 "Army STANAG
Aviation Maintenance 4671 1519
Engineering Manual - Weight Reference: 4671 1583
and Balance"; NA 01-1B-50 4671 1589
"USN/USMC Aircraft Weight
and Balance Control" 35
23.1589, 23.1501; CS 23.1589
Section 25.1583, 25.1501; CS 23.1501
Section 27.1583, 27.1501; CS 25.1583
Section 29.1583, 29.1501. CS 25.1501
CS 27.1583
CS 27.1501
Cs 29.1583
CS 29.1501
Comments: No documentation within Def-Stan 00-970 with respect to weight and balance.
Harmonised The mass and centre of gravity ranges determined for the aeroplane shall be
Text: established as operating limitations and furnished in the aeroplane flight and
maintenance manuals.
Verify that flight and maintenance manuals are consistent and contain all required
checklists and loading data necessary to conduct required mass and balance checks
while complying with specific mass and balance requirements.
5.6. FLIGHT RELEASE.
5.6.1 Verify that the flight release is based on up-to-date design criteria and mass properties, and the
completion of all required analyses; laboratory, ground, and flight tests relating to loads, strength,
durability, damage tolerance, structural dynamics, and stiffness; and verify that the structural data
generated by the required analysis and test substantiates the integrity and flight worthiness of the design.
Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: A.3.5, A.3.6, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.1.25
A.3.7, A.4.7, A.4.10.5.3, Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.5.9
A.4.10.5.4, A.4.10.5.5 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 3.7.11
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.8.4
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.8.10
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.8.12
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.10.12
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.15.77
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.15.78
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.15.80
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.26.80
STANAG 4671 21
Reference: 4671 251
4671 307

4671 629
4671 963
4671 965
23.629, 23.963, 23.965; CS 23.629
Section 25.251, 25.305, CS 23.963
25.629, 25.683, 25.771, CS 23.965
25.963, 25.965; CS 25.251
Section 27.251, 27.771, CS 25.305
27.963, 27.965; CS 25.629
Section 29.251, 29.771, CS 25.683
29.963, 29.965. CS 25.771
CS 25.963
CS 25.965
CS 27.251
CS 27.771
CS 27.963
CS 27.965
CS 29.251
CS 29.771
CS 29.963
CS 29.965
Comments: Def-Stan 00-970 Part 1 Sec 3 refers to aero-acoustic testing within Leaflet 37 & 38 -
Fatigue.
Supplementary Aeroelastic information within Appendix K of CS-25.

Harmonised The structural evidence supporting the type certificate (or equivalent document) shall
Text: based on up-to-date design criteria and mass properties, and the completion of all
required analyses; laboratory, ground, and flight tests relating to loads, strength,
durability, damage tolerance, structural dynamics, and stiffness.
The structural data generated by the required analysis and test shall substantiate the
integrity and flight worthiness of the design.
SECTION 6 - FLIGHT TECHNOLOGY

Flight technology comprises the flight mechanics functional areas consisting of stability & control, flying
qualities, vehicle management functions, flight control functions, external aerodynamics, internal
aerodynamics and performance. The air vehicle aerodynamic and stability configuration,
engine/inlet/nozzle compatibility, performance and integrated control airworthiness of an air vehicle
should be assessed using the criteria provided in the text below (not all items apply in each case;
similarly, items may have to be added for vehicles employing new or innovative technology/techniques).

1. Design criteria
2. Design studies and analyses
3. Design, installation, and operational characteristics
4. Simulation tests, modelling, and results (including simulation verification, validation and
accreditation data)
5. Design approval and function/system compatibility tests
6. Component and functional level qualification and certification tests
7. Electromagnetic environmental effects
8. Installed propulsion compatibility tests
9. Acceptance criteria for test results
10. Failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis/testing (FMECA/FMET)
11. Hazard analysis and classification
12. Safety certification program
13. Computational, theoretical, and/or semi-empirical prediction methods
14. Configuration: aerodynamic design and component location
15. Wind tunnel test results and correction methods
16. Mathematical representation of system dynamics
17. Ground resonance and loop stability tests
18. Aeroservoelastic design criteria and analysis
19. Performance analysis
20. Flight manual
21. Natural environmental sensitivities
22. Flight path guidance analysis and simulation to include ship launch and recovery
routines if applicable (including sensor or processor failure modes and effects on flight
control)
23. Interface/integration control documents
24. Function, subfunction, and component specifications
25. Selection criteria and patterns selected for screens constructed to demonstrate
inlet/engine compatibility
26. Flight test plan
27. Detailed flight profiles
28. Aircraft/engine operating limitations
29. Software development plan
30. Software development and product specifications
31. Software test plans, test procedures, and test reports
32. Software configuration control/management plan and procedure
33. Control laws
34. Flight test reports
35. Aerodynamic and air data uncertainty sensitivity studies
36. Thrust-drag bookkeeping system

37. Mass properties: weights, C.G.'s, and inertias

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001 Air Vehicle Def-Stan 00-970
JSSG-2008 Vehicle Control Reference:
and Management Systems STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: NOTE: As each section EASA CS
applies, flight technology must Reference:
be checked for a variety of
14CFR references and ACs.
Due to the complexity of
different design configurations,
each section in Subpart C of
14CFR reference 23/25 should
be consulted for applicability.
6.1. STABILITY AND CONTROL.
6.1.1. Control power

6.1.1.1 Verify control power:
a. At minimum controllable speeds
b. For rotation on takeoff
c. To handle control surface mis-trim on takeoff
d. To prevent or stop over-rotation in takeoff
e. To provide safe control for go-around with engine(s) failure (critical engine(s) inoperative)
f. To provide safe manoeuvre margins during trimmed flight on approach
g. For sufficient trim capability
h. To provide safe control margins in the event of abnormal or asymmetric fuel function operation
i. To safely handle transient effects
j. To safely handle problems arising from asymmetric or symmetric failures of trim controls and
any adverse control surface positioning or special use surface(s)/devices
k. To safely handle unwanted deployment or activation of thrust reverser or vectored thrust
equipment whenever the possibility is not extremely improbable
l. Sufficient for unique vehicle performance
m. To safely handle engine failures during take-off ground roll

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001A: Appendix C Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.4.21#
C.3.1, C.3.13.4.2 & C.4.1, " Reference: 00-970 P1 2.4.22#
Control power" 00-970 P1 2.4.23#
MIL-STD-1797A: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3,
00-970 P1 2.4.27#
4.4, 4.5, 4.6, 4.7, 4.8, 4.9, 5.1,
00-970 P1 2.4.28#
5.2, 5.3, 5.4, 5.5, 5.6, 5.7, 5.8
00-970 P1 2.4.29#
and 5.9
STANAG 4671 143

Reference: 4671 203
4671 51
4671 161
4671 677
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS 25.117#

Reference:
Comments: No equivalent paras CS 23.117, 27.117 and 29.117.
Def-Stan 00-970 covers take-off and landing only.
6.1.2. Stability characteristics and transients.
6.1.2.1 Verify that safe static and dynamic stability exists with augmentation or active control functions
operating. If sufficient redundancy is not provided in the air vehicle flight control functions to provide fail-
safe operation, verify that the basic airframe (unaugmented) possesses the required stability
characteristics and safety margins.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.11.1 thru Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S2.16
3.3.11.1.3 Reference:
STANAG 4671.171
Reference: 4671.231-233#

25.181 Reference: CS 25.171-25.181*
CS 27.171-27.177*
CS 29.171-29.181*
Comments: No equivalent para CS 27.181.
* means direct read across of MIL-HDBK-156B 14CFR reference to EMAR 516.
6.1.2.2 Verify that augmentation function(s), active control function(s), and related flight mode(s)
engagements and disengagements do not result in unsafe transients.

Comm'l Doc:
3.3.11.1.3; and Appendix C Reference:
STANAG 4671.171
Reference:
25.181 Reference: CS 25.171-25.181*
CS 27.171-27.177*

CS 29.171-29.181*
6.1.2.3 For autonomous vehicle control, verify that the net stability, with the guidance and control system
operating, is safe for the intended mission under normal operating conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: TBD: Refer to technical point of Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S2.16
in section A.2) STANAG 4671.171
Reference:
FAA Doc: TBD: Refer to technical point of EASA CS
in section A.2)
6.1.3. Flying, handling, and ride qualities.

6.1.3.1 Verify safe flying quality characteristics in turbulence (including ship's airwake/burble).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.11.1 thru Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.6.26
3.3.11.1.3; and Appendix C Reference: 00-970 P1 2.17.28
STANAG 4671 141
Reference: 4671 341
4671.1583(s)
25.341, 23.1501-23.1529, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
25.1501-25.1529 CS 25.341*
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.341*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.341*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
Comments: CS 23.361 covers engine torque.
* means direct read-across of 14CFR reference from MIL-HDBK-516B to EMAR 516
6.1.3.2 Verify that the control law concepts employed are compatible with mission and safety
requirements.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG 4671 143
Reference:

23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
Comments: * means direct read-across of 14CFR reference from MIL-HDBK-516B to EMAR 516
6.1.3.3 Verify that the design exhibits safe vehicle flying characteristics for:
a. Classical, safe, second-order response in pitch
b. First-order, well-behaved response in roll without roll ratcheting or other roll sensitivities
c. Equivalent system time delay

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 2 L49
Reference:
STANAG 4671 171
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
6.1.3.4 Verify that aeroelastic, nonlinear, discontinuous, and unsteady aerodynamic effects demonstrate
a safe vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.11.1 thru Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.17.28#
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
Comments: * means direct read-across of 14CFR reference from MIL-HDBK-516B to EMAR 516.
6.1.3.5 Verify that aircraft pilot coupling (APC) and pilot-induced oscillation (PIO) tendencies and flight
characteristics are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.3.5.1 Verify safe phase and gain margins.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.3.5.2 Verify, under high gain conditions, that the design does not exhibit unsafe limit cycle oscillations,
unbounded oscillations, unsafe triggering mechanisms during mode transitions, or unsafe sudden/steep
gain changes.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*

CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.3.6 Verify general ground handling characteristics to be safe for

a. Positive steering control
b. Steering sensitivities
c. Steering fade in/out
d. Failure conditions
e. Ground control paths

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 2.3.19
00-970 P1 2.3.20
STANAG 4671.55(c)
Reference: 4671.75
4671.231-249
4671.415
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: Safety related criteria, not airworthiness.
4671.231-249 covers general ground handling
6.1.3.7 Verify safe aerodynamic/flight characteristics for

a. High angle of attack
b. Pitch-up tendencies
c. Recovery from stall angles of attack
d. Post-stall manoeuvring/control
e. Recovery from the loss of control during accelerated/nonaccelerated flight
f. Recovery from buffet effects
g. Normal and abnormal effects of secondary/infrequently used control surfaces/devices
h. High slip angles
i. Large and unusual attitudes
j. Spin recovery

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 2.12.21
00-970 P1 S2.8
00-970 P1 S2.10
00-970 P1 S2.21

00-970 P1 S2.22
00-970 P1 S2.24
STANAG 4671 50
Reference: 4671 141
4671.201-207
4671.221
4671 251

Reference: CS 25.201#
Comments: No equivalent para CS 27.201 or CS 29.201 as stall not applicable to rotary wing
platforms.
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required as CS
23.201 and CS 25.201 only cover stall.
6.1.3.8 Verify hinge moment characteristics are adequate to satisfy safety requirements.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.11.1 thru Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S3.1.28
3.3.11.1.3; and Appendix C Reference: 00-970 P1 S3.9.9#
00-970 P1 S4.10.8
STANAG 4671 393
Reference: 4671.395
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.3.9 Verify safe stability and control dynamics under symmetrical and asymmetrical manoeuvres, with
and without stores, for:
a. Control surface float angles
b. Control surface blow-back
c. Control surface nonlinearities
d. The vehicle control system or actuation functions to overcome actual moments
e. Establishing levels of flying qualities for the vehicle
f. Control surface hinge moment limiting

Comm'l Doc:

DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S2.8
Reference:
STANAG 4671 143
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
6.1.3.10 Verify that the stability and control effects of basic design features, as well as unique features,
are safe in the entire flight envelope(s).

Comm'l Doc:
3.3.11.1.3; and Appendix C Reference: 00-970 P1 S2.8
STANAG 4671 143
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.321- EASA CS CS 23.321-23.459
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529
6.1.3.11 Verify all rate-limiting functions of the control function are safe to fly under flight scenarios
employing all types of gain changes.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.11.1 thru Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S2.16#
STANAG 4671 141
Reference: 4671 171
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529
6.1.4. Mission evaluations including flight path guidance.

6.1.4.1 Verify that the air vehicle responds safely in all axes to commands coming from the flight path
guidance devices and processors.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG 4671 143
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.4.2 Verify that flight path guidance systems safely compensate for degraded modes/failures of
operation.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG 4671 171
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.4.3 Verify that all transitions to and from normal flight path guidance modes, whether augmented or
manually selected, are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG 4671 171

Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.5. Other effects.

6.1.5.1 Verify that no unsafe roll-yaw-pitch coupling(s) occur due to aerodynamic, kinematic, or inertial
effects.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG 4671 141
Reference: 4671.U334(b)#
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.5.2 Verify that no unsafe roll-yaw-pitch coupling(s) occur due to engine coupling for symmetrical or
asymmetrical thrust and gyroscopic effects.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG 4671.U3349b)#
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*

CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.5.3 Verify that stall or loss of control warning function(s) and limiting and prevention functions to be
safe for all required combinations of manoeuvre configurations, flight conditions, and loadings.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG 4671.207
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
STANAG 4671.207 refers out to 4671.U1789.
6.1.5.4 Verify that "WRONG CONFIGURATION" warning functions are safe in all flight regimes. These
include wing sweep, flap and landing gear position, and other variable geometry features.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.11.1 thru Def-Stan 00-970
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references:23.321- EASA CS CS 23.321-23.459*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.5.5 Verify that flying quality nonlinear effects are safe when these effects or characteristics influence
the vehicle characteristics including degradation and retention of critical pilot vehicle interface (PVI) and
vehicle control functions (VCF) due to failures.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.11.1 thru Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.15#
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.5.6 Verify adequate actuator dynamics for a safe vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.5.7 Verify sensor dynamic characteristics for a safe vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG
Reference:

23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.5.8 Verify adequate cockpit control dynamics for a safe vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
00-970 P1 22.37-42
00-970 P1 24.14-22
00-970 P1 4.10.25
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.5.9 Verify safe failure mode effects with operator-in-the-loop.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*

CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.5.10 Verify that control gradient forces are safe for the entire range of applications.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.5.11 Verify safe, unimpeded crew visual characteristics for all flight and ground conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.5.12 Verify that proposed ship launch/recovery wind envelopes and ship pitch and roll limits are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: TBD: Refer to NAVAIR Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.25.11#
technical point of contact for Reference:
this discipline (listed in section STANAG
A.2) 4671.U280-283
Reference: 4671.U1412

FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required.
6.1.5.13 Verify that the control tasks and workload levels associated with flight profiles are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.5.14 Verify that handling qualities with backup power sources are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.11.1 thru Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.15
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.6. Envelopes.
6.1.6.1 Verify that stability and response characteristics are safe for the anticipated critical flight
conditions for the entire ground and flight envelopes.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG 4671 141
Reference: 4671.171-181

23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.6.2 Verify that the air data function is safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.11.1 thru Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 2.15.27#
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.6.3 Verify that the flight-critical parameters list for completeness.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG
Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.321-25.459*
25.1529
CS 25.1501-25.1533*

CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.6.4 Verify that the flight manual, and any supplements containing the air vehicle/engine operating
limits, adequately describes the air vehicles:
a. Performance
b. Flight characteristics under normal and emergency conditions
c. Control functions under normal and emergency conditions
d. Other critical limits to ensure safe flight.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970
Reference:
STANAG 4671.1581
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS 23.1501-23.1529*
Reference: CS 25.1501-25.1533*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.1.7. Store carriage and separation.

6.1.7.1 Verify that store carriage and separation response characteristics and limitations are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.11.1 thru Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S2.17#
00-970 P1 9.2.9
00-970 P1 9.2.10
00-970 P1 9.2.11
00-970 P1 9.2.12
00-970 P1 9.2.16
00-970 P1 9.2.20
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: Military application so not covered in EASA docs.
6.1.7.2 Verify that existing stores are safe for use in the intended envelope and environment.

Comm'l Doc:
00-970 P1 9.2.10
00-970 P1 9.2.11
00-970 P1 9.2.12
00-970 P1 9.2.16
00-970 P1 9.2.20
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
6.1.7.3 Verify the safety and envelope of intentional and unintentional asymmetric stores combinations.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.4.2.1, JSSG- Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.17.33
2008: 3.1.5.3, 3.1.5.8, 3.2.1.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 9.2.9
00-970 P1 9.2.10
00-970 P1 9.2.11
00-970 P1 9.2.12
00-970 P1 9.2.16
00-970 P1 9.2.20
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
6.1.8 Validation of modelling, simulation and analysis tools.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-1797A sections 4.1.9 Def-Stan 00-970
and 4.1.10 Reference:
JSSG-2008: section 3.0 STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
6.2. VEHICLE CONTROL FUNCTIONS (VCF).
6.2.1. VCF architecture design.

6.2.1.1 Verify the functional criteria to be safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0 thru 3.8, 4.0 Def-Stan 00-970
thru 4.8 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.141- EASA CS CS 23.21
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.1.2 Verify the VCF high-level architecture function to be safe for the supporting control function.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.7 thru 3.1.7.3, Def-Stan 00-970
4.1.7 thru 4.1.7.3 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21

CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.1.3 Verify that the integrated VCF architecture safely implements the proper levels of redundancy,
fault tolerance, physical/functional separation of flight/safety-critical functions/components and other
aspects.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 4.0, 3.1, 4.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.14.49#
3.1.11 thru 3.1.12.1, 4.1.11 Reference:
thru 4.1.12.1 STANAG 4671.1323(d)
Reference: 4671.1490(b)
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required as
covers AFCS only.
6.2.1.4 Verify the autonomy of each function integrated in or by the VCF design to be safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.1 thru 3.1.4, Def-Stan 00-970
4.1.1 thru 4.1.4 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21

CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.1.5 Verify that failure mode effects are safe for the entire VCF operation.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.9, 4.1.9 Def-Stan 00-970
Reference:
STANAG 4671.321(e)
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.1.6 Verify that special failure states of single fail, dual fail, and special single fail/combination
failure(s), as well as order of failure(s), are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 4.0, 3.1, 4.1, Def-Stan 00-970
3.1.11 thru 3.1.11.2, 4.1.11 Reference:
thru 4.1.11.2 STANAG
FA Doc: 14CFR references:
Reference:
23.141-23.253, 25.21-25.255,

23.321-23.459, 25.321-25.459,
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
25.1529
Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
CS 23.321-23.459*
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2. Basic VCF.

6.2.2.1 Verify that the VCF which transmit crew control commands or generate and/or convey commands
are safely implemented for the entire range of vehicle and crew responses.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.1, 4.1.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.6.13
3.1.11.10, 4.1.11.10, 3.1.11.11 Reference: 00-970 P1 2.6.14
thru 3.1.11.11.4, 4.1.11.11 thru 00-970 P1 2.8.12
4.1.11.11.4, 3.2.2 thru
00-970 P1 2.15.16-2.15.21#
3.2.2.5.4, 4.2.2 thru 4.2.2.5.4
STANAG 4671 U1731
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.25*5
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*

6.2.2.2 Verify that functional characteristics of friction levels, breakout forces, dead zones, hysteresis, and
backlash are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 4.0, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.6.11
3.2.2.5.1.1, 4.2.2.5.1.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 2.8.12
00-970 P1 2.17.30
00-970 P1 2.19.22
STANAG 4671.629(j)
Reference: 4671.AMC.629(j)
4671 671
4671 683

23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.3 Verify that longitudinal, lateral-directional, lift, drag, performance limiting, and variable geometry
control functions are safely mechanized.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.5.3, 4.1.5.3, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S2.6
3.2.1 thru 3.2.1.4, 4.2.1 thru Reference: 00-970 P1 S2.8
4.2.1.4, 3.2.2.5.4, 4.2.2.5.4 00-970 P1 S2.11
STANAG 4671 671
Reference: 4671 685

23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459,

23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 23.321-23.459*
25.1529 CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.4 Verify that the vehicle control system is safely able to obtain the maximum required control
surface positions without mechanical interference.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.2.1 thru 3.2.1.4, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 3.1.19
4.2.1 thru 4.2.1.4, 3.2.2.5 thru Reference: 00-970 P1 3.9.24
3.2.2.5.1.1, 4.2.2.5 thru 00-970 P1 3.9.25
4.2.2.5.1.1, 3.2.3, 4.2.3
00-970 P1 3.9.26
STANAG 4671.655
Reference: 4671 683
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.5 Verify actuation for surface rate and hinge moments under normal conditions and capability under
blowback conditions to be safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.5.7, 4.1.5.6 thru 4.1.5.7, Reference: 00-970 P1 3.4.13
3.2.2.1, 4.2.2.1, 3.2.1, 4.2.1, STANAG
3.2.1.1, 4.2.1.1
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
3.1.28 covers measurement only.
6.2.2.6 Verify that the cockpit control forces are safe for any control mechanization.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.2.2.3, 4.2.2.3, Def-Stan 00-970
3.2.2.5.1, 4.2.2.5.1, 3.2.2.5.1.1, Reference:
4.2.2.5.1.1, 3.2.2.5.1.3, STANAG
4.2.2.5.1.3
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.779, EASA CS CS 23.21
25.779, 23.141-23.253, 25.21- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
25.255, 23.321-23.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
25.321-25.459, 23.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
23.1529, 25.1501-25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*

6.2.2.7 Verify that functional control nonlinearities are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.2.2.5.4 thru Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 2.17.29#
3.2.2.5.4.5, 4.2.2.5.4 thru Reference: 00-970 2.22.15
4.2.2.5.4.5
STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501- 23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.8 Verify that trim ranges and rates are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.2.2.5.1.3, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.4.27
4.2.2.5.1.3 Reference: 00-970 P1 S2.6
00-970 P1 S2.8
00-970 P1 S2.17
STANAG 4671.677#
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21

CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.9 Verify that trim failure protection is safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.2.2.5.1.3, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.15.13
4.2.2.5.1.3 Reference:
STANAG 4671.677#
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.10 Verify that control devices in normal and failed states intended for intermittent operation are safe
(e.g., flaps, speed brakes, geometry mechanisms, auxiliary control devices).

Comm'l Doc:
3.2.1.3, 4.2.1.3, 3.2.1.4, Reference:
4.2.1.4, 3.2.1, 4.2.1, STANAG
3.2.2.5.4.5, 4.2.2.5.4.5, 3.1.12
thru 3.1.12.1, 4.1.12 thru Reference:
4.1.12.1

23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501 23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.11 Verify that safety protection functions/devices are safely implemented.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.5.4, 3.1.9, 3.1.11.1, 3.1.10, Reference:
3.1.11.1.1, 3.1.13 to 3.1.13.2, STANAG
3.1.16, 3.2.2.5.4.1, 3.2.4 thru
3.2.4.6, and associated section Reference:
4 paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.12 Verify that alternate control paths available for each control axis or mode are safe.

Comm'l Doc:

3.1.11.1, 4.1.11.1, 3.1.12 thru Reference:
3.1.12.1, 4.1.12 thru 4.1.12.1 STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.13 Verify that ratio changers and artificial feel devices with proper protection are safely
implemented.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 4.0, 3.1.7.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.15.14
4.1.7.2, 3.1.11.11, 4.1.11.11, Reference: 00-970 P1 2.21.9
3.1.11.11.1, 4.1.11.11.1, STANAG
3.1.12.1, 4.1.12.1, 3.1.14.4,
4.1.14.4 Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.14 Verify that no single, like dual, second, or single combination failure points in any VCF function
result in an unacceptable probability of loss of function.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.11.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.8.25#
3.1.11.1.1, 3.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.5.5, Reference: 00-970 P1 S2.15
3.1.5.6, 3.1.7.3, 3.1.9, 3.1.11.4, STANAG
3.1.11.7, 3.1.12, 3.1.13.2,
3.1.14.4, 3.1.17, 3.2.2.2 thru Reference:
3.2.2.2.13, 3.3.3, 3.4.2, 3.5.7
and associated section 4
paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501- 23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.15 Verify that the VCF components meet safety requirements.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.14 thru Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S2.15#
3.1.14.9, 4.1.14 thru 4.1.14.9, Reference:
3.1.15 thru 3.1.18, 4.1.15 thru STANAG
4.1.18, 3.2.3 thru 3.2.3.3, 4.2.3
thru 4.2.3.3, 3.4 thru 3.5.2, 4.4 Reference:
thru 4.5.2
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*

CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.16 Verify that no unsafe mechanical interference or jamming situations exist in VCF mechanization.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 4.0, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.15.14#
3.1.11.11, 4.1.11.11, Reference: 00-970 P1 3.1.19
3.1.11.11.1, 4.1.11.11.1, 00-970 P1 3.9.24-26
3.1.14, 4.1.14, 3.2.2.1, 4.2.2.1,
3.5.7, 4.5.7
STANAG 4671.655
Reference: 4671 685
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.17 Verify that the clearances available safely tolerate foreign object damage (FOD).

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.7.2, 4.1.7.2, 3.1.7.3, Reference:
4.1.7.3, 3.1.11.11, 4.1.11.11, STANAG
3.1.13, 4.1.13, 3.1.14, 4.1.14, 4671 685
3.1.14.5, 4.1.14.5, 3.2.3, 4.2.3, Reference:
3.2.3.3, 4.2.3.3, 3.4.4, 4.4.4,
3.5.7, 4.5.7
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321-

23.459, 25.321-25.459, Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 23.321-23.459*
25.1529
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
3.9.26 deals with ice rather than FOD.
6.2.2.18 Verify that control laws are safe for the normal intended application.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1, 3.1.5.2, Def-Stan 00-970
3.1.5.5, 3.1.5.7, 3.1.8, 3.1.11.6, Reference:
3.1.11.8, 3.1.13, 3.1.14.8, STANAG
3.1.16, 3.1.17, 3.1.18, 3.2.2.1,
3.2.2.4, 3.2.2.5.2, 3.2.2.5.4 Reference:
thru 3.2.2.5.4.5, 3.2.2.6, 3.3.1,
3.3.4, 3.3.5, 3.3.7, and
associated section 4
paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.19 Verify that control laws transients for gain and mode changes prevent unsafe flight conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.2.1, Def-Stan 00-970
3.1.3, 3.1.5, 3.1.5.1, 3.1.5.2, Reference:
3.1.5.4, 3.1.5.5, 3.1.5.7, STANAG
3.1.5.8, 3.1.7, 3.1.7.2, 3.1.7.3,
3.1.9, 3.1.10, 3.1.11, 3.1.11.2, Reference:
3.1.11.4, 3.1.11.5, 3.1.11.6,
3.1.11.9, 3.1.11.10,
3.1.11.11.2, 3.1.11.11.3,
3.1.12, 3.1.12.1, 3.1.13.1,
3.1.13.2, 3.1.14.2.2, 3.1.14.2.4,
3.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2, 3.2.2.5, 3.3
thru 3.3.4, 3.3.6, 3.3.6.2, and
paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.20 Verify that control laws do not induce any kind of unsafe oscillatory effects.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 3.1, 3.1.5, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.8.13
3.1.5.1, 3.1.5.6, 3.1.5.9, 3.1.7, Reference: 00-970 P1 2.16.26
3.1.7.3, 3.1.11.11.3, 3.2.1.1, 00-970 P1 2.16.44
3.2.2.1, 3.2.2.5.4, 3.2.2.5.4.2,
00-970 P1 2.22.9
3.2.2.5.4.3, 3.2.2.5.4.4, 3.2.2.6,
and associated section 4 00-970 P1 2.25.44
paragraphs STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*

CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.21 Verify that control laws do not have unsafe PIO tendencies.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1, 4.1, 3.1.5.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.17.31
4.1.5.2, 3.1.5.7, 4.1.5.7, Reference: 00-970 P1 2.21.14
3.1.7.2, 4.1.7.2, 3.1.11.6, 00-970 P1 2.22.12
4.1.11.6, 3.1.14.7,
4.1.14.7,3.2.2.5.4, 4.2.2.5.4 STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.22 Verify that control laws redundancy and failure management designs are safely implemented.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 3.1, 3.1.1, Def-Stan 00-970
3.1.2, 3.1.2.1, 3.1.4, 3.1.5.5, Reference:
3.1.5.7, 3.1.7, 3.1.7.2, 3.1.9, STANAG
3.1.10, 3.1.11, 3.1.11.2, 3.11.5,
3.1.11.6, 3.1.11.7, 3.1.12, Reference:
3.1.12.1, 3.1.13.1, 3.1.17,
3.2.2.4, 3.2.2.5, 3.2.2.5.1.4,
3.2.2.5.4, 3.2.5.2, 3.3.1, 3.3.2,

and associated section 4
paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.23 Verify that control laws sensitivity margins and phase and gain margins for each feedback loop
are safe (see 6.1).

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.5.7, 3.1.5.8, 3.1.5.9, Reference:
3.1.7.2, 3.1.7.3, 3.1.11.2, STANAG
3.1.11.10, 3.1.11.11.1, 3.1.17,
3.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2.9, 3.2.2.5.4, Reference:
3.2.2.5.4.2, 3.2.2.5.4.3,
3.2.2.5.4.4, 3.2.2.6, 3.3.2.1,
3.3.4, 3.5, and associated
section 4 paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.24 Verify that functional command control authority limits are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.5.3, 4.1.5.3, 3.1.7, 4.1.7, Reference:
3.1.8, 4.1.8, 3.1.12, 4.1.12, STANAG
3.1.13.2, 4.1.13.2, 3.2.2.5,
4.2.2.5, 3.2.2.5.1.2, 4.2.2.5.1.2, Reference:
3.2.2.5.1.3, 4.2.2.5.1.3,
3.2.2.5.1.4, 4.2.2.5.1.4,
3.2.2.5.4.1, 4.2.2.5.4.1, 3.2.2.6,
4.2.2.6
23.397, 23.672, 23.675, Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.677, 23.679, 25.345, CS 23.321-23.459*
25.397, 25.672, 25.675,
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.677, 25.679
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.25 Verify that dynamic VCF functional performance is safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.2, 4.2, 3.3, 4.3, 3.4, 4.4, 3.5, Reference:
4.5 STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21

CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.26 Verify that the vehicle provides the crew with the capability to override the design-limited vehicle
control functions safely.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 3.1, 3.1.5.2, Def-Stan 00-970
3.1.5.4, 3.1.7, 3.1.10, 3.1.11, Reference:
3.1.11.1, 3.1.11.1.1, 3.1.11.10, STANAG
3.1.14.7, 3.2, 3.2.2.3, 3.2.2.5.1,
3.2.2.5.1.2, 3.2.2.5.1.4, Reference:
3.2.2.5.4, 3.2.2.5.4.1,
3.2.2.5.4.3, 3.2.2.5.4.4,
3.2.2.5.4.5, 3.2.2.6, 3.5.3, and
paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.27 Verify that nonoperative devices/programs can be safely locked out of any functions.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.13, 4.1.13, 3.1.13.1, Reference:
4.1.13.1, 3.1.13.3, 4.1.13.3, STANAG
4.1.14.7, 3.2.2.2.2, 4.2.2.2.2,
3.2.2.5.1.3, 4.2.2.5.1.3, 3.2.2.6, Reference:
4.2.2.6
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-

25.1529 CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.28 Verify that engage/disengage functions/devices are safely assigned and identified for the crew.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 3.1, 3.1.5.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S4.19#
3.1.5.8, 3.1.5.9, 3.1.7.2, Reference:
3.1.7.3, 3.1.11, 3.1.11.2, STANAG
3.1.13.1, 3.1.13.3, 3.1.14,
3.1.14.7, 3.2.2.2.4, 3.2.2.2.5, Reference:
3.2.2.2.9, 3.2.2.2.11, 3.2.2.4,
3.2.2.5.1, 3.2.2.5.1.1 thru
3.2.2.5.1.4, 3.2.2.5.4.1, 3.2.2.6,
3.3.2.1, and associated section
4 paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
S4.19 covers general cockpit layout.
6.2.2.29 Verify that interlocks safely preclude incompatible modes, simultaneous engagement, and
engagement with incompatible flight conditions or air vehicle configurations.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.7.3, 4.1.7.3, 3.1.11.2, Reference:
4.1.11.2, 3.2.2.5.4.3, STANAG
4.2.2.5.4.3, 3.2.2.5.4.4, 4671.1329(f)#
4.2.2.5.4.4 Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.30 Verify that engage and disengage transient times are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.5.4, 3.1.5.5, 3.1.7.2, Reference:
3.1.7.3, 3.1.11, 3.1.11.5, STANAG
3.1.12, 3.1.12.1, 3.1.13.2,
3.1.14, 3.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2.1, Reference:
3.2.2.2.2, 3.2.2.2.6, 3.2.2.2.12,
3.2.2.5.4, 3.2.2.5.4.3, 3.2.2.6,
3.3.1, 3.3.2, 3.3.2.1, and
paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*

CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.31 Verify that mode change transient times are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: For more guidance on mode Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.16.20#
change transient times: Reference:
JSSG-2008: 3.0, 3.1, 3.1.2, STANAG
3.1.5, 3.1.5.1, 3.1.5.2, 3.1.7, Reference:
3.1.7.3, 3.1.11.2, 3.1.11.10,
3.1.14.7, 3.1.17, 3.2.2.2.9,
3.2.2.5, 3.2.2.5.1.1, 3.2.2.5.1.2,
3.2.2.5.4, 3.2.2.5.4.3,
3.2.2.5.4.5, 3.2.2.6, 3.2.4.6,
4 paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.32 Verify that warning and caution functions safely operate and properly notify the crew.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.11.10, 4.1.11.10, 3.1.13.4, Reference:
4.1.13.4, 3.1.17, 4.1.17, STANAG
3.2.2.2.7, 4.2.2.2.7, 3.2.2.5.1.2,
4.2.2.5.1.2, 3.2.2.5.1.4, Reference:

4.2.2.5.1.4
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
4.19.59 does not specifically mention VCF.
6.2.2.33 Verify that sensors are safely located to minimize/avoid structural mode coupling including
vibration from configuration loading and gun fire, and to have safe sensitivity margins.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 3.1, 3.1.2.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S2.23#
3.1.5, 3.1.5.6, 3.1.7.2, 3.1.11, Reference:
3.1.13, 3.1.15, 3.1.17, 3.2.2.2, STANAG
3.2.2.5, 3.2.2.5.1.1, 3.2.2.5.2,
3.2.2.5.4.3, 3.2.2.5.4.4, 3.3.4, Reference:
3.3.6.2, 3.5.7, and associated
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*

S2.23 covers general noise and vibration requirements.
6.2.2.34 Verify that sensitivities with variations in slope and bias conditions of air data functions have safe
margins.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.5, 4.1.5, 3.1.5.7, 4.1.5.7, Reference:
3.1.7, 4.1.7, 3.1.7.2, 4.1.7.2, STANAG
3.1.17, 4.1.17, 3.2.1.1, 4.2.1.1,
3.2.1.2, 4.2.1.2, 3.2.2.5, Reference:
4.2.2.5, 3.3.2.5.4.2, 4.3.2.5.4.2,
3.2.2.5.4.4, 4.2.2.5.4.4
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.35 Verify that the processor design of VCF is safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 4.0, 3.1, 4.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 S1 6.5.11#
3.1.14.6, 4.1.14.6, 3.1.18, Reference:
4.1.18, 3.2.2.2, 4.2.2.2, 3.3, STANAG
4.3, 3.3.1, 4.3.1, 3.3.2, 4.3.2,
3.3.2.1, 4.3.2.1, 3.3.2.2, Reference:
4.3.2.2, 3.3.2.3, 4.3.2.3, 3.3.4,
4.3.4
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21

CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
covers automatic pilot.
6.2.2.36 Verify that pre-flight checklists of VCF are all-inclusive and safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.13, 3.1.13.1, 3.1.14.7, Reference:
3.2.2.2, 3.2.2.5, 3.2.2.5.1, STANAG
3.2.2.5.2, 3.2.2.5.3, 3.3.6.2,
3.7.1, 3.7.1.1, and associated Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.37 Verify that interfaces/integration with other functions and sub-functions are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.5, 3.1.7, 3.1.8, 3.1.11, Reference:
3.1.12, 3.1.13, 3.1.14.4, STANAG
3.2.2.2, 3.2.2.4, 3.2.2.5,
3.2.2.6, 3.3, 3.2.4, and Reference:
paragraphs

23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.38 Verify the effects of loss of function(s) on safety.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0 thru 3.3.8, 4.0 Def-Stan 00-970
thru 4.3.8 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.39 Verify that any functional modes do not defeat any limiters designed for vehicle safety.

Comm'l Doc:

3.1.5.8, 3.1.5.9, 3.1.7.2, Reference:
3.1.7.3, 3.1.11, 3.1.11.2, STANAG
3.1.13.1, 3.1.13.3, 3.1.14,
3.1.14.7, 3.2.2.2.4, 3.2.2.2.5, Reference:
3.2.2.2.9, 3.2.2.2.11, 3.2.2.4,
3.2.2.5.1, 3.2.2.5.1.1 thru
3.2.2.5.1.4, 3.2.2.5.4.1, 3.2.2.6,
3.3.2.1, 3.3.6.2, and
paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.40 Verify that data transfer and update rates are safe with adequate margins.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 4.0, 3.1, 4.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 S1 4.19.51#
3.1.5.1, 4.1.5.1, 3.1.5.5, Reference:
4.1.5.5, 3.1.5.6, 4.1.5.6, STANAG
3.1.7.3, 4.1.7.3, 3.1.17, 4.1.17,
3.3.2.1, 4.3.2.1, 3.3.4, 4.3.4 Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*

CS 29.1501-29.1529*
covers the transfer of data from the displays to the crew.
6.2.2.41 Verify that air vehicle functional/transient interruption characteristics are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.5, 3.1.5.1, 3.1.5.2, 3.1.7, Reference:
3.1.7.3, 3.1.11.2, 3.1.11.10, STANAG
3.1.14.7, 3.1.17, 3.2.2.1,
3.2.2.2, 3.2.2.5, 3.2.2.5.1.1, Reference:
3.2.2.5.1.2, 3.2.2.5.4,
3.2.2.5.4.3, 3.2.2.5.4.5, 3.2.2.6,
3.2.4.6, 3.2.5.1, 3.3.6.2, and
paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.42 Verify that failure mode effects for critical manoeuvres and critical flight regions are safe.
Comm'l Doc:
3.1.5.7, 3.1.5.8, 3.1.5.9, 3.1.9, Reference:
3.1.14, 3.2.1.3, 3.2.1.2, 3.2.2.2, STANAG
3.2.2.5, 3.2.2.5.4, 3.2.2.6, 3.3,
and associated section 4 Reference:
paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529

CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.43 Verify that flow rates for hinge moment, stiffness, and control surface rates are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 4.0, 3.1, 4.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.10.8
3.1.5.6, 4.1.5.6, 3.1.5.7, Reference:
4.1.5.7, 3.2.1, 4.2.1, 3.2.2.1, STANAG
4.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2.1, 4.2.2.2.1,
3.2.2.5.4.4, 4.2.2.5.4.4 Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.44 Verify that the actuator design meets safety requirements for:
a. Actuator redundancy techniques
b. Failure isolation design capability and limitations
c. Hydraulic contamination effects
d. Bottoming and snubbing

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.11.80#

Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
CS 23.321-23.459*
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
covers test of actuators under general hydraulic system.
6.2.2.45 Verify that the actuation system is safe (e.g., burst pressure, normal performance, high and low
temperature, pressure impulses).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 4.0, 3.1, 4.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 S6.11#
3.1.5.6, 4.1.5.6, 3.1.14.1, Reference:
4.1.14.1, 3.1.14.3, 4.1.14.3, STANAG
3.2.2.1, 4.2.2.1
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*

S6.11 covers general hydraulic section...
6.2.2.46 Verify that motor/torque tube driven and similar control actuation mechanisms are safe (e.g.,
performance, implementation, redundancy management).

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.5.6, 4.1.5.6, 3.1.5.7, Reference:
4.1.5.7, 3.1.9, 4.1.9, 3.1.11, STANAG
4.1.11, 3.1.11.1, 4.1.11.1,
3.1.11.1.1, 4.1.11.1.1, 3.1.12, Reference:
4.1.12, 3.1.14.1, 4.1.14.1,
3.1.14.3, 4.1.14.3, 3.2.2.1,
4.2.2.1
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.152
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.47 Verify that command and control communications on the vehicle, other linked vehicles, and
ground control are integrated safely with an acceptable probability of failure.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1, 4.1, 3.1.8, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 S1 6.1.19#
4.1.8, 3.1.7.3, 4.1.7.3, 3.1.11, Reference: 00-970 S1 6.1.44
4.1.11, 3.1.11.7, 4.1.11.7, STANAG
3.1.11.9, 4.1.11.9, 3.1.13, 4671.U1707#
4.1.13, 3.2.2.2, 4.2.2.2, Reference: 4671.U1601-1617
3.2.2.5.1.2, 4.2.2.5.1.2,
3.2.2.5.3, 4.2.2.5.3, 3.3, 4.3,
3.3.1, 4.3.1, 3.3.2.3, 4.3.2.3,
3.3.3, 4.3.3
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-

25.1529 CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
covers location of aerial only (6.1.19).
covers communication between operators rather then UAS and ground station
(U1707).
6.2.2.48 Verify that all command and control communications are secure against unwanted intrusions and
security techniques used are implemented safely.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.8, 4.1.8, Def-Stan 00-970
3.1.14.6, 4.1.14.6, 3.1.16, Reference:
4.1.16, 3.2, 4.2, 3.3.1, 4.3.1 STANAG 4671.U1601-1617
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.49 Verify that single space radiation upset events do not cause loss of control and that the
probability of encountering multiple upsets producing loss of control is acceptably low.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.2, 4.1.2, 3.1.3, 4.1.3, Reference:
3.1.7.3, 4.1.7.3, 3.1.8, 4.1.8, STANAG
3.1.9, 4.1.9, 3.1.11.1, 4.1.11.1,
3.1.12, 4.1.12, 3.1.13.2, Reference:
4.1.13.2, 3.1.14.4, 4.1.14.4,
3.1.17, 4.1.17
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.50 Verify that propulsion control integration, control mechanisms, feedback loops, automatic throttle
control systems, asymmetric thrust controlling conditions, special thrust control use conditions,
atmospherics and hypersonic effects on thrust control are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.2, 4.1.2, 3.1.5.3, 4.1.5.3, Reference:
3.1.5.5, 4.1.5.5, 3.1.7.3, STANAG
4.1.7.3, 3.1.11, 4.1.11, 3.1.13, 4671 1141
4.1.13, 3.1.13.3, 4.1.13.3, Reference: 4671.1143
3.1.17, 4.1.17, 3.2.2.2.9,
4.2.2.2.9, 3.2.2.5.1.1,
4.2.2.5.1.1, 3.2.2.5.4.5,
4.2.2.5.4.5, 3.3.1, 4.3.1
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 25.901 EASA CS CS 23.21
Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
CS 23.321-23.459*
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*

CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.51 Verify that VCF primary and integrated control function(s) security design is implemented safely.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.11, 4.1.11, Def-Stan 00-970
3.1.14.6, 4.1.14.6, 3.1.16, Reference:
4.1.16, 3.2, 4.2, 3.3.1, 4.3.1 STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.321-23.459*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
25.1529
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.52 Verify that air data is safe for the following:

a. Implementation
b. Accuracy
c. Ground and air safety provisions
d. Anti-ice or ice prevention
e. Bird strike vulnerability

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 S13 1.5.1.19
Reference: 00-970 S13 1.5.1.20
STANAG 4671 1323
Reference:
Reference: CS 23.141-23.257*

CS 23.321-23.459*
CS 23.1501-CS 23.1529*
CS 25.21
CS 25.143-25.255*
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 27.21
CS 27.141-27.251*
CS 27.321-27.427*
CS 27.1501-27.1529*
CS 29.21
CS 29.141-29.251*
CS 29.321-29.427*
CS 29.1501-29.1529*
6.2.2.53 Verify that the environmental design and the equipment installation are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4, 4.4, 3.5, 4.5(all) Reference: 00-970 P1 2.23.7
STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.603
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.607
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 23.961
25.1529
CS 23.1309
CS 23.1431
CS 25.603
CS 25.607
CS 25.961
CS 25.1309
CS 25.1431
CS 27.603
CS 27.607
CS 27.961
CS 27.1309
CS 29.603
CS 29.607
CS 29.961
CS 29.1309
CS 29.1431
No equivalent para CS 27.1431.
6.2.2.54 Verify that vehicle control, payload, and ground system latencies and synchronizations are safe
for mission accomplishment.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: ADS-51-HDBK Def-Stan 00-970
ADS-33E-PRF Reference:
Refer to Army Aviation STANAG
this discipline for specific
guidance (listed in section A.2)
in section A.2)
6.2.2.55 Verify that emergency procedures are appropriate and safe for the emergency that they address.

Comm'l Doc:
Refer to Army Aviation STANAG 4671 U1412
FAA Doc: TBD: Refer to technical point of EASA CS CS 23.1585
contact for this discipline (listed Reference: CS 25.1585
in section A.2) CS 27.1585
CS 29.1585
6.2.2.56 Verify, for rotary wing air vehicles, adequate transient response for single axis (collective or
pedal) inputs.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: ADS-51-HDBK Def-Stan 00-970 P9 S6 L600/7(all)
in section A.2)
Comments: CS 23.143 and CS 25.143 not applicable to rotary wing.
6.2.2.57 Verify that multi-axis inputs (e.g., collective, pedal, and cyclic) are safe during typical operational
mission manoeuvres.

Comm'l Doc:

DoD/MIL Doc: ADS-51-HDBK Def-Stan 00-970 P9 S6 L600/7 4.1.2
ADS-33E-PRF Reference: P9 S6 L600/7 4.2.1
in section A.2)
Comments: CS 23.143 and CS 25.143 not applicable to rotary wing.
6.2.3. VCF power source criteria.

(Note: See section 12 for specific electrical power system criteria.)
6.2.3.1 Verify that hydraulic distribution has no single failure points resulting in loss of more than one
hydraulic function.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 3.1, 3.1.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.11.52-56
3.1.2.1, 3.1.3, 3.1.7.2, 3.1.7.3, Reference: 00-970 S7 L704 13.2-13.4
3.1.11, 3.1.11.11.3, 3.1.12, STANAG 4671.1435
3.1.12.1, 3.1.14.4, 3.1.14.9,
3.2.1.3, 3.2.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2.5, Reference:
4 paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 25.1309
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 27.1309
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 29.1309
25.1529
Comments: CS 23.1309, 25.1309, 27.1309 and 29.1309 cover general installation requirements.
14CFR references cover general flight handling characteristics.
4671.1435 covers general hydraulic system.
6.2.3.2 Verify that hydraulic function dynamics do not have any unsafe pressure pulsating or resonant
conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.5.6, 4.1.5.6, 3.1.7.2, Reference: 00-970 P1 6.11.75
4.1.7.2, 3.1.11.11.3, 00-970 S7 L704 8.1.4
4.1.11.11.3, 3.2.2.2.1,
00-970 S7 L704 15.5.3
4.2.2.2.1, 3.3 thru 3.3.4, 4.3
thru 4.3.4, 3.3.6, 4.3.6, 3.3.6.2, STANAG 4671.1435
4.3.6.2 Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 25.1435
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 27.1435
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-

25.1529 CS 29.1435
Comments: 14CFR references cover general flight handling characteristics.
6.2.3.3 Verify that backup and emergency hydraulic power function(s) do not have any unsafe effects
from reduced flow rates or pressure or flutter margin.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 4.0, 3.1, 4.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.11.52-56
3.1.5.6, 4.1.5.6, 3.1.7.2, Reference:
4.1.7.2, 3.1.11.11.3, STANAG 4671.1435
4.1.11.11.3, 3.2.2.2.1,
4.2.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2.5, 4.2.2.2.5 Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 25.1309
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 27.1309
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 29.1309
25.1529
6.2.3.4 Verify that any VCF flight limitations with emergency/backup hydraulic power and switchover time
constants are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.5.2, 4.1.5.2, 3.1.5.6, Reference: 00-970 P1 6.11.53
4.1.5.6, 3.1.7.2, 4.1.7.2, 3.1.10, 00-970 S7 L704 3.4.1
4.1.10, 3.1.11.11.3,
4.1.11.11.3, 3.1.13, 4.1.13, STANAG 4671.1435
3.2.2.2.1, 4.2.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2.5, Reference:
4.2.2.2.5
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 25.1309
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 27.1309
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 29.1309
25.1529
6.2.3.5 Verify that VCF effects due to loss of each or part of each hydraulic function are safe. (See 8.1 for
specific criteria.)

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.2.1, 3.1.3, 3.1.7.2, 3.1.7.3, Reference: 00-970 P1 6.11.53

3.1.11.11.3, 3.1.12.1, 3.1.13, 00-970 S7 L704 13.2
3.1.14.4, 3.1.14.9, 3.2.1.3, STANAG 4671.1435
3.2.2.2, 3.2.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2.5, 3.3
thru 3.3.4, 3.3.6, 3.3.6.2, and Reference:
paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 25.1309
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 27 1309
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 29.1309
25.1529
6.2.3.6 Verify that electrical power normal/backup/emergency capability following loss of engine(s) and
generator(s) for VCF is safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 3.1, 3.1.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.6.6-6.6.8
3.1.5.2, 3.1.5.4, 3.1.7.2, 3.1.10, Reference: 00-970 P1 6.6.18
3.1.11, 3.1.11.11.2, 3.1.13, 00-970 S7 L706 2.7.1-2.7.3
3.2.2.2, 3.2.2.2.2, 3.2.2.2.5, 3.3
thru 3.3.4, 3.3.6, 3.3.6.2, and STANAG 4671.1351-1367
associated section 4 Reference: 4671 1413
paragraphs
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.1351- EASA CS CS 23.903#
23.1367, 25.1351-25.1363, Reference: CS 23.1351
23.141-23.253, 25.21-25.255, CS 23.903#
23.321-23.459, 25.321-25.459,
CS 25.1351
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
25.1529 CS 27.903#
CS 27.1351
CS 29.903#
CS 29.1351
Comments: 14CFR references cover entire electrical section and operating limitations.
1471.1351-1367 covers general electrical section.
6.2.3.7 Verify that independent electrical power sources provide safe redundancy for VCF.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.2, 4.1.2, 3.1.2.1, 4.1.2.1, Reference: 00-970 S7 L706 2.7.3
3.1.3, 4.1.3, 3.1.7.2, 4.1.7.2, STANAG
3.1.11, 4.1.11, 3.1.11.11.2, 4671.1351-1367
4.1.11.11.2, 3.1.12, 4.1.12, Reference:
3.1.12.1, 4.1.12.1, 3.2.2.2.2,
4.2.2.2.2, 3.2.2.2.5, 4.2.2.2.5,
3.3 thru 3.3.4, 4.3 thru 4.3.4,
3.3.6, 4.3.6, 3.3.6.2, 4.3.6.2

23.1367, 25.1351-25.1363, Reference: CS 23.1351
23.141-23.253, 25.21-25.255, CS 25.1309
23.321-23.459, 25.321-25.459,
CS 25.1351
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
25.1529 CS 25.1362
CS 27.1309
CS 27.1351
CS 29.1309
CS 29.1351
Comments: No equivalent CS 23.1362, 27.1362 and 29.1362.
CS 23.1309, 25.1309, 27.1309 and 29.1309 cover general installation requirements.
14CFR references cover entire electrical section and operating limitations.
6.2.3.8 Verify that electrical power transients, both normal and switchover, are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.5.2, 4.1.5.2, 3.1.7.2, Reference: 00-970 P1 6.6.16
4.1.7.2, 3.1.10, 4.1.10, STANAG 4671.1351-1367
3.1.11.11.2, 4.1.11.11.2,
3.2.2.2.2, 4.2.2.2.2, 3.2.2.2.5, Reference:
4.2.2.2.5
23.1367, 25.1351-25.1363, Reference: CS 25.1309
23.141-23.253, 25.21-25.255, CS 27.1309
23.321-23.459, 25.321-25.459,
CS 29.1309
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
25.1529
6.2.3.9 Verify that, if batteries are employed for SOF backup power, adequate charging methods and
checks are provided and installation provisions for all batteries are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 4.0, 3.1, 4.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.6.81-6.6.88
3.1.2, 4.1.2, 3.1.5.2, 4.1.5.2, Reference: 00-970 S7 L706 7.3.1-7.4.4
3.1.7.2, 4.1.7.2, 3.1.11.11.2, STANAG
4.1.11.11.2, 3.1.13, 4.1.13, 4671.1351-1367
3.2.2.2.2, 4.2.2.2.2, 3.2.2.2.5, Reference:
4.2.2.2.5
23.1367, 25.1351-25.1363, Reference: CS 23.1353
23.141-23.253, 25.21-25.255, CS 25.1351
23.321-23.459, 25.321-25.459,
CS 25.1353
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
25.1529 CS 27.1351

CS 27.1353
CS 29.1351
CS 29.1353
6.2.3.10 Verify that electrical power bus separation for prevention of single failure points is safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.2.1, 3.1.3, 3.1.7.2, 3.1.7.3, Reference: 00-970 P1 6.6.3
3.1.10, 3.1.11.11.2, 3.1.12, 00-970 S7 L706 2.4
3.1.12.1, 3.1.14.4, 3.2.1.3,
STANAG 4671.1351-1367
3.2.2.2.2, 3.2.2.2.5, 3.2.3.1,
and associated section 4 Reference:
paragraphs
23.1367, 25.1351-25.1363, Reference: CS 25.1309
23.141-23.253, 25.21-25.255, CS 27.1309
23.321-23.459, 25.321-25.459,
CS 29.1309
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
25.1529
6.2.3.11 Verify that effects of normal, abnormal, and failure modes of the electrical power function are
safe for VCF.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.2.1, 3.1.3, 3.1.7.2, 3.1.7.3, Reference: 00-970 P1 6.6.7
3.1.11.11.2, 3.1.13, 3.1.14.4, STANAG 4671.1351-1367
3.2.1.3, 3.2.2.2.2, 3.2.2.2.5, 3.3
thru 3.3.4, 3.3.6, 3.3.6.2, and Reference:
paragraphs
23.1367, 25.1351-25.1363, Reference: CS 25.1309
23.141-23.253, 25.21-25.255, CS 27.1309
23.321-23.459, 25.321-25.459,
CS 29.1309
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
25.1529
6.2.3.12 Verify that direct, uninterruptible, quality electrical power implementation for VCF is safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.2.1, 3.1.3, 3.1.7.2, 3.1.7.3, Reference: 00-970 P1 6.6.7
3.1.11, 3.1.11.11.2, 3.1.12, 00-970 P1 6.6.8
3.1.12.1, 3.1.14.4, 3.2.1.3,
00-970 S7 L706 2.7.1-2.7.3
3.2.2.2.2, 3.2.2.2.5, 3.3 thru
3.3.4, 3.3.6, 3.3.6.2, and STANAG 4671.1351-1367
associated section 4 Reference:
paragraphs
23.1367, 25.1351-25.1363, Reference: CS 25.1351-25.1365*
23.141-23.253, 25.21-25.255, CS 27.1351-27-1367*
23.321-23.459, 25.321-25.459,
CS 29.1351-29.1367*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
25.1529
* means direct read across of MIL-HDBK-156B 14CFR reference to EMAR 516s.
6.2.4. Flight worthiness evaluations.

6.2.4.1 Verify that flight-critical components meet safety criteria.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.2, 4.1.2, 3.1.2.1, 4.1.2.1, Reference:
3.1.5, 4.1.5, 3.1.13, 4.1.13, STANAG
3.1.14, 4.1.14, 3.5.3, 4.5.3 4671.U850(b)
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.321-23.459*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 25.141-25.253*
25.1529
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 25.1501-25.1529*
CS 27.141-27.251
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.141-29.251
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529
6.2.4.2 Verify that all single point failures are identified with the associated probability of failure(s) and that
they demonstrate an acceptable flight safety risk.

Comm'l Doc:
3.1.2, 4.1.2, 3.1.2.1, 4.1.2.1, Reference:

3.1.5.6, 4.1.5.6, 3.1.11, 4.1.11, STANAG
3.1.11, 3.1.11.1, 4.1.11.1, Reference:
3.2.4.1, 4.2.4.1, 3.5.3, 4.5.3
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.141- EASA CS
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference:
23.459, 25.321-25.459,
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
25.1529
6.2.4.3 Verify that transient effects of failures impacting controllability or structure do not have any safety
impacts to the vehicle or crew.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1, 3.1.2, 3.1.2.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.1.22
3.1.3, 3.1.5, 3.1.5.1, 3.1.5.2, Reference: 00-970 P1 2.14.19
3.1.5.4, 3.1.5.5, 3.1.5.7, STANAG
3.1.5.8, 3.1.7, 3.1.7.2, 3.1.7.3, 4671 171
3.1.9, 3.1.10, 3.1.11, 3.1.11.2, Reference:
3.1.11.4, 3.1.11.5, 3.1.11.6,
3.1.11.9, 3.1.11.10,
3.1.11.11.2, 3.1.11.11.3,
3.1.12, 3.1.12.1, 3.1.13.1,
3.1.13.2, 3.1.14.2.2, 3.1.14.2.4,
3.2.2.1, 3.2.2.2, 3.2.2.5, 3.3
thru 3.3.4, 3.3.6, 3.3.6.2, and
paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.321-23.459*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 25.141-25.253*
25.1529
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 25.1501-25.1529*
CS 27.141-27.251
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.141-29.251
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529
6.2.4.4 Verify that the VCF can safely recover the air vehicle under worst-case flight envelope and engine
failure conditions and identify any flight limitations in the flight manual.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.0, 3.1, 3.1.5, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S2.7
3.1.5.3, 3.1.5.7, 3.1.5.8, Reference:
3.1.5.9, 3.1.9, 3.1.14, 3.2.1.3, STANAG
3.2.1.2, 3.2.2.2, 3.2.2.5, 4671 149
3.2.2.5.4, 3.2.2.6, 3.3, and Reference: 4671.U1412

paragraphs
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.321-23.459*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 25.141-25.253*
25.1529
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 25.1501-25.1529*
CS 27.141-27.251
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.141-29.251
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529
6.2.4.5 Verify that undetected, latent, or unannounced failures do not result in unacceptable flying
qualities.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.8, 3.1.9 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S2.15
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.321-23.459*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 25.141-25.253*
25.1529
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 25.1501-25.1529*
CS 27.141-27.251
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.141-29.251
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529
6.2.4.6 Verify that no unsafe handling characteristics are exhibited in critical flight phases for aerodynamic
and air data uncertainty sensitivity studies/analyses.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: TBD: Refer to technical point of Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S2.4
contact for this discipline (listed Reference: 00-970 P1 S2.5
in section A.2) 00-970 P1 S2.6

00-970 P1 S2.7
00-970 P1 S2.8
STANAG 4671 143
Reference:
in section A.2)
6.2.4.7 Verify that vehicle control's and payload system's latency and synchronization responses are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: TBD: Refer to technical point of Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.25.5#
in section A.2) STANAG 4671 U1611
Reference:
in section A.2)
6.2.5. VCF software.

(Note: VCF software verification is accomplished under section 15.)
6.2.5.1 Verify the safe operation of each computer software configuration item (CSCI)/operational flight
program (OFP) from unit to full flight program levels for all modes, inputs, failure detection,
reconfiguration techniques, self-check operations, interfaces, and integration under all dynamic
conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.3.6.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.16.19#
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.321-23.459*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 25.141-25.253*
25.1529
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 25.1501-25.1529*
CS 27.141-27.251
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.141-29.251
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529

6.2.5.2 Verify that the flight software version demonstrates acceptable performance and safety.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.2.4.6, 3.3.6- Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P13 1.7
3.3.8 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.321-23.459*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 25.141-25.253*
25.1529
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 25.1501-25.1529*
CS 27.141-27.251
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.141-29.251
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529
6.2.5.3 Verify that critical control modes in all flight conditions are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.5.2, 3.1.5.8, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P13 1.7
3.1.9, 3.1.11.2, 3.2.1.2, 3.2.3.2 Reference:
STANAG 4671 171
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.321-23.459*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 25.141-25.253*
25.1529
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 25.1501-25.1529*
CS 27.141-27.251
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.141-29.251
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529
6.2.5.4 Verify that single-point or probable multiple failures that can paralyze redundant controlling
functions are within the required safety probabilities.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.9-3.1.11.1.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P13 1.7
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.321-23.459*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 25.141-25.253*
25.1529
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 25.1501-25.1529*
CS 27.141-27.251
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.141-29.251
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529
Def-Stan 00-970 P13 1.7 refers out to 00-56 and DO-178B for guidance on Safety
Related Software.
6.2.5.5 Verify that software compatibility with external, integrating software functions is safe.

Comm'l Doc:
3.3.8 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.321-23.459*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 25.141-25.253*
25.1529
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 25.1501-25.1529*
CS 27.141-27.251
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.141-29.251
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529

Related Software.
6.2.5.6 Verify that effects of the following are safe:

a. Software interrupts
b. Reinitialization
c. Resynchronization
d. Recheck
e. Reconfiguration
f. Restarts
g. Resets
h. Negation of environmental and generic error

Comm'l Doc:
3.3.8 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.321-23.459*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 25.141-25.253*
25.1529
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 25.1501-25.1529*
CS 27.141-27.251
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.141-29.251
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529
Related Software.
6.2.5.7 Verify that software design of self-check, failure monitoring, redundancy management,
reconfiguration, voting, transient suppression, overflow protection, anti-aliasing, saturation, interlocks,
memory protection, failure propagation, and other techniques prevent unsafe flight situations.

Comm'l Doc:
3.3.8 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.321-23.459*

23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501- CS 25.141-25.253*
25.1529
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 25.1501-25.1529*
CS 27.141-27.251
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.141-29.251
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529
Related Software.
6.2.5.8 Verify that built-in-test implementation operates failure free and safely identifies, isolates, and
corrects malfunctions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.11.11.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P13 1.7
3.1.13 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.321-23.459*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 25.141-25.253*
25.1529
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 25.1501-25.1529*
CS 27.141-27.251
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.141-29.251
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529
Related Software.
6.2.5.9 Verify that security design of VCF software loading techniques is safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.14.6 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P13 1.7
Reference:

STANAG
Reference:
23.253, 25.21-25.255, 23.321- Reference: CS 23.321-23.459*
23.459, 25.321-25.459, CS 23.1501-23.1529*
23.1501-23.1529, 25.1501-
CS 25.141-25.253*
25.1529
CS 25.321-25.459*
CS 25.1501-25.1529*
CS 27.141-27.251
CS 27.321-27.427
CS 27.1501-27.1529
CS 29.141-29.251
CS 29.321-29.427
CS 29.1501-29.1529
Related Software.
6.3. AERODYNAMICS AND PERFORMANCE.
6.3.1. Flight vehicle.

6.3.1.1 Verify that the air vehicle can be recovered safely over the entire flight envelope in the presence
of malfunctions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-1797 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.6.25
MIL-HDBK-516: 14.1.1.4j-k Reference: 00-970 P1 2.15.2
JSSG-2001A: 3.3.11.1, 00-970 P1 2.15.4
3.3.11.1.1.3, 3.3.11.2, C.3.1-2, 00-970 P1 2.15.9
C.3.6 P7 S6 3.1.3
JSSG-2006: 3.7.3 P7 S6 12.2
JSSG-2007: 3.7.2.1, Appendix STANAG 4671.21
A Reference: 4671 141
JSSG-2008: 3.1.4, 3.2.1.2, 4671.U1412
4.3.10, A.3.3.3.2 4671.414
JSSG-2000: 3.3.6.1 4671.347
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.21, EASA CS CS 23.21*
23.141, 23.347, 23.671-2, Reference: CS 23.141*
25.21, 25.143, 25.671-2, CS 23.347*
27.21, 27.141, 27.671-2,
CS 23.672*
29.21, 29.141, 29.671-2
CS 25.21*
CS 25.143*
CS 25.672*
CS 27.21*
CS 27.141*

CS 27.143*
CS 27.672*
CS 29.21*
CS 29.141*
CS 29.143*
CS 29.672*
CS 23.671, 25.671, 27.671 and 29.671 cover control system general requirements.
6.3.1.2 Verify that safe takeoff, landing, and critical field length performance are safe for the intended
atmospheric conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-3013: 3.2, 3.2.10, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S2.4
3.8, Appendix A Reference: 00-970 P1 S2.5
MIL-DTL-7700 STANAG 4671.45
JSSG-2001A, Appendix E Reference: 4671 51
4671 53
4671.55

25.101, 27.45, 29.45 Reference: CS 25.101*
CS 25.113
CS 27.45*
CS 29.45*
No equivalent paras CS 23.101, 27.101 and 29.101.
6.3.1.3 Verify that engine(s) inoperative performance (if appropriate) is safe, including optimum speeds
for energy management and possible autorotation.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-3013: 3.2.11, 3.3.1.4, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.4.23
4.2.2.1.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 S2.14
MIL-HDBK-1797A STANAG 4671 66
JSSG-2001A: Appendix E Reference: 4671 67
ADS-40A-SP Air Vehicle Flight 4671.903
Performance Description 4671.1521
4671.1581
23.1501, 23.1541, 23.1581, Reference: CS 23.1521
25.903, 25.1501, 25.1541, CS 23.1549
25.1581, 27.175, 27.547,
CS 23.1581
27.691, 27.917, 27.1027,
29.175, 29.547, 29.691, CS 25.903

29.917, 29.1027 CS 25.1521
CS 25.1549
CS 25.1581
CS 27.547
CS 27.691
CS 27.903
CS 27.917
CS 27.1027
CS 27.1521
CS 27.1581
CS 29.547
CS 29.691
CS 29.903
CS 29.917
CS 29.1027
CS 29.1521
CS 29.1531
Comments: No equivalent paras CS 23.1501, 23.1541, 25.1501, 25.1541, 27.1501, 27.1541,
29.1501 and 29.1541.
6.3.1.4 Verify that the flight manual data limits for takeoff, landing, hover, climb, manoeuvre, cruise,
descent, emergency conditions, including height/velocity diagrams for rotary wing air vehicles, and any
other critical factors, are adequate to conduct safe flights.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001A Appendix C: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S2.7
C.3.2 Reference:
MIL-STD-3013: 4.1.10 STANAG 4671.45
MIL-DTL-7700 Reference: 4671.1501
ADS-40A-SP Air Vehicle Flight 4671.1541
Performance Description 4671.1581
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference Part: 23.45, EASA CS CS 23.45
23.1501, 23.1541, 23.1581, Reference: CS 23.1501
25.101, 25.1501, 25.1541, CS 23.1541
25.1581, 27.45, 27.79,
CS 23.1581
27.1501, 27.1587, 27.1541,
27.1581, 29.45, 29.87, CS 25.101
29.1501, 29.1517, 29.1541, CS 25.1501
29.1581, 29.1587 CS 25.1541
CS 25.1581
CS 27.45
CS 27.1501
CS 27.1541
CS 27.1581
CS 29.45
CS 29.1501
CS 29.1541
CS 29.1581

6.3.1.5 Verify that store carriage and separation characteristics for the prescribed stores are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2000A: 6.3.25 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.6.7
JSSG-2001A: 4.1.1.2, 4.4.1.1, Reference: 00-970 P1 2.7.8
4.4.1.2 00-970 P1 2.24.2
JSSG-2001A Appendix C: 4.4, 00-970 P1 2.24.18
4.5 00-970 P1 9.2.16
MIL-HDBK-1763, STANAG Nil
Aircraft/Stores Certification Reference:
Process
MIL-HDBK-244A, Guide to
Aircraft Stores Compatibility
MIL-HDBK-516B: 17.2.1,
17.2.2, 17.2.3
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: Military specific criteria so not covered in civil EASA standards.
6.3.1.6 Verify that flight manual specified performance or other predictions of power available, power
required, fuel flow, ground effect, engine out and autorotation performance are sufficiently accurate to
assure safe conduct of flight operations throughout the range of gross weights and ambient conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-3013: 4.1.10 Def-Stan 00-970
MIL-DTL-7700 Reference:
ADS-40A-SP Air Vehicle Flight STANAG 4671.21
Performance Description Reference: 4671.25
ADS-10C-SP Air Vehicle 4671.29
Technical Description 4671.45
4671.333
4671.1501
4671.1581

23.25, 23.29, 23.45, 23.333, Reference: CS 23.25
23.1501, 23.1563, 23.1581, CS 23.29
25.21, 25.25, 25.27, 25.29,
CS 23.45
25.101, 25.333, 25.1501,
25.1563, 25.1581, 27.21, CS 23.333
27.25, 27.27, 27.29, 27.45-75, CS 23.1501
27.1501, 27.1581, 29.21, CS 23.1563
29.25, 29.27, 29.29, 29.45-85,
CS 23.1581
29.1501, 29.1581

CS 25.21
CS 25.25
CS 25.29
CS 25.101
CS 25.333
CS 25.1501
CS 25.1563
CS 25.1581
CS 27.21
CS 27.25
CS 27.29
CS 27.45
CS 27.1501
CS 27.1581
CS 29.21
CS 29.25
CS 29.29
CS 29.45
CS 29.1501
CS 29.1581
Comments: No equivalent paras CS 27.333, 27.1563, 29.333 and 1563.
6.3.2. Installed propulsion capability.

6.3.2.1 Verify that airframe/inlet/engine compatibility evaluations are adequate for safe operation (see
Section 7).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.1.1.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 5.1.2#
4.3.1.1.1, 3.3.1.1.1.1, Reference:
4.3.1.1.1.1, 3.3.1.1.1.2, STANAG
4.3.1.1.1.2, 3.3.1.1.2, and 4671 901
4.3.1.1.2 Reference: 4671.1521
JSSG-2007A: A.3.2, A.4.2,
A.3.11, A.4.11, A.3.12, A.4.12,
A.3.2.2, A.4.2.2, A.3.2.2.7, and
A.4.2.2.7
25.1521 Reference: CS 25.1521*
Comments: No equivalent paras CS 27.1521 and 29.1521.
6.3.2.2 Verify safe operation for the following:

a. Engine steady and transient response characteristics of the engine and engine control system
(see 7.2.4.1.3 and 7.2.4.1.5)
b. Fuel flow modulation (see 7.2.2.2 and 7.2.4.1)
c. Engine responses to input signals at different frequencies (see 7.2.4.1)
d. Engine control and vehicle control system communication (see 7.2.4.1.1)

e. Fuel, air induction, exhaust and bleed air extraction systems, ambient temperatures, ambient
pressures, and vibratory environment (see 7.2.5.2.2,7.2.5.2.3, 7.2.5.3, 7.2.5.4, and 7.2.5.5)
f. Sensitivity, stability, control response, and torque predictability for engine and vehicle control
during engine power changes (acceleration and deceleration) (see 7.2.2.2, 7.2.4.1.3, and
7.2.4.1.5)
g. Auxiliary engine control functions (see 7.2.4.1.3 and 7.2.4.1.4)
h. Altitude cold start and hot restart capability (see 7.2.2.3 and 7.2.2.4).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: For a. - e., g., and h. above: Def-Stan 00-970
JSSG-2007: 3.1.1.15, 4.1.1.15, Reference:
3.3, 4.3, 3.4, 4.4, 3.5, 4.5, 3.7, STANAG
4.7, 3.11, 4.11, 3.12, 4.12 4671.901
For f. above: JSSG-2007: 3.2, Reference: 4671 939
4.2, 3.11, 4.11, 3.12, 4.12,
3.2.2, 4.2.2, 3.2.2.7, 4.2.2.7
FAA Doc: For a., c., d., and g. above: EASA CS CS 23.901
14CFR references: 33.28, Reference: CS 23.901
33.53, AC 33-2B, 33.28-1 CS 27.901
For b. and h. above: 14CFR
CS 29.901
references: 33.35, 33.67, AC
33-2B, 33-5
For f. above: 14CFR
references: 33.5, 33.7, AC 33-
2B
6.3.2.3 Verify that engine performance restrictions resulting from thermal boundaries (reflected in the
proper databases and manuals) are safe (see 7.1.4).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.1.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P11 3.E100
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
23.943, 25.901-25.945 Reference:
6.3.2.4 Verify that inlet buzz boundaries and flight limitations are well defined (see 7.1.4).
Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.1.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P11 4.2.1#
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:

23.943, 25.901-25.945 Reference:
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required as
discusses buzz concerned with reheat.
6.3.2.5 Verify that there are no severe performance impacts due to flow disturbance and blockage items.
Also ensure that these items are safely implemented and located, especially ahead of or near the inlets.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.1.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 5.1.42
Reference:
STANAG 4671.939
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.901- EASA CS CS 23.939#
23.943, 25.901-25.945 Reference: CS 23.1093
CS 25.939#
CS 25.1093
CS 27.939#
CS 27.1093
CS 29.939#
CS 29.1093
Comments: CS 23.901-23.943 and CS 25.901-25.945 cover the general powerplant section.
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required
6.3.2.6 Verify that engine performance for hot anti-icing air discharged into the inlet or inlet duct surface is
safe (see 7.2.1.2 and 7.2.4.1.8).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007: 3.2, 4.2, 3.11, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 5.1.35
4.11, 3.12, 4.12, 3.2.2, 4.2.2 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 33.5, 33.7 EASA CS CS-E 230
AC 33-2B Reference:
6.3.2.7 Verify safe engine performance for an inlet sand and dust separator (see 7.2.1.2 and 7.2.5.3.1).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007: 3.2, 4.2, 3.11, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P11 S4.10
4.11, 3.12, 4.12, 3.2.2, 4.2.2 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 33.5, 33.7 EASA CS CS-E 800(f)(5)
AC 33-2B Reference: AMC E 80(2)
AMC E 540(2)
6.3.2.8 Verify that effects of armament gas (and debris) ingestion on engine performance (i.e., surge and
resulting torque spikes) are safe (see 7.2.2.4).
Comm'l Doc:
3.11, 4.11, 3.12, 4.12 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 33.14, EASA CS Nil
33.19, 33.63, 33.75, 33.76, Reference:
33.77, 33.90, 33.94, 33.97
AC 33.1B, AC 33.3, AC 33.4,
AC 33.4-2, AC 33.5
Comments: Military specific criteria so not covered in civil EASA standards.
6.3.3. Flight limits.

6.3.3.1 Verify that buffet boundaries and flight limitations are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001A: 6.4.6.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.5.11#
JSSG-2001A Appendix C: 4.2, Reference: 00-970 P1 2.8.14#
4.3, 4.5 00-970 P1 2.10.24#
MIL-STD-3013: 3.2.2, 3.5.16 00-970 P1 2.17.8#
MIL-HDBK-1797A STANAG 4671.251
ADS-40A-SP Air Vehicle Flight Reference: 4671.333
Performance Description
ADS-27 Requirements for
Rotorcraft Vibration
Specifications, Modelling and
Testing
ADS-10C-SP Air Vehicle
Technical Description
23.333, 25.251, 25.333 Reference: CS 23.333*
CS 25.251*
CS 25.333*
Comments: Not applicable to rotary wing.
6.3.3.2 Verify that stall angle of attack and velocity reflected in the flight manual are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001A Appendix C: 4.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.5.11
4.13.2, 4.13.3; Appendix D: Reference: 00-970 P1 S2.10

4.2.2; Appendix E: 11.2.2 STANAG 4671.49
MIL-DTL-7700 Reference:
Reference:
Not applicable to rotary wing.
6.3.3.3 Verify that maximum allowable angle of attack, angle of attack limiter, and set margins are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001A Appendix C: 4.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.4.6
Reference: 00-970 P1 2.5.7
00-970 P1 2.24.7
00-970 P1 2.25.44
STANAG 4671 U50
Reference: 4671.333

25.333 Reference: CS 25.333
Comments: Not applicable to rotary wing.
6.3.3.4 Verify that centre of gravity and gross weight limitations are safe.

Comm'l Doc: SAWE RP#7 & 8
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: 3.2.3, 3.2.4, 3.2.5, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.1.23
3.2.6, 3.2.3, 4.2.4, 4.2.5, 4.2.6 Reference:
MIL-HDBK-516: 5.8.1-3 STANAG 4671.23
MIL-DTL-7700: 3.4.5, 3.5 Reference: 4671.25
MIL-STD-3013: 3.10 4671.29
MIL-PRF-5920 4671.31
4671.1519

23.25, 23.29, 23.31, 23.1519, Reference: CS 23.25
25.23, 25.25, 25.27, 25.29, CS 23.27
25.31, 25.1519, 27.21, 27.25,
CS 23.29
27.27, 27.29, 27.31, 27.1519,
29.21, 29.25, 29.27, 29.29, CS 23.31
29.31, 27.1519 CS 23.1519
CS 25.23
CS 25.25
CS 25.27
CS 25.29
CS 25.31
CS 25.1519
CS 27.21

CS 27.25
CS 27.27
CS 27.29
CS 27.31
CS 27.1519
CS 29.21
CS 29.25
CS 29.27
CS 29.29
CS 29.31
CS 29.1519
6.3.3.5 Verify that safe flight limitations account for vortex ring state, settling with power, retreating blade
stall, advancing blade compressibility, and critical azimuth factors.

Comm'l Doc:
ADS-40A-SP Air Vehicle Flight STANAG 4671.21
Performance Description Reference: 4671.33
ADS-10C-SP Air Vehicle 4671.143
Technical Description 4671.1581

27.33, 27.143, 27.177, Reference: CS 27.33
27.1509, 27.1581, 29.21, CS 27.143
29.33, 29.143, 29.177,
CS 27.177
29.1509, 29.1581
CS 27.1509
CS 27.1581
CS 29.21
CS 29.33
CS 29.143
CS 29.177
CS 29.1509
CS 29.1581
Comments: Only applicable to rotary wing.
SECTION 7 - PROPULSION AND PROPULSION

INSTALLATIONS
1. Design criteria
4. Engine ground and simulated altitude tests
5. Engine design function/system compatibility tests
6. Engine component and functional level qualification and certification tests
8. Installed propulsion compatibility tests
9. Acceptance test results
11. Hazard analysis and classification
13. Engine endurance and accelerated mission testing
14. Engine and component structural and aeromechanical tests
15. Flight test plans and results
16. Engine structural integrity program (ENSIP) analyses and tests
17. Engine life management plans
18. Over-speed and over-temperature tests
19. Overall engine and component performance analyses
20. Flight manual
21. Natural environmental sensitivities
22. Inlet airflow distortion/engine stability assessments and audits
23. Interface/integration control documents
24. Function, subfunction, and component specifications
25. Selection criteria and inlet distortion patterns selected to demonstrate inlet/engine
compatibility.
26. Engine control system rig tests
27. Engine health monitoring system design reports and tests
28. Aircraft/engine operating limitations
29. Engine software development plan and product specifications
30. Engine software test plans, test procedures and test reports
31. Engine software configuration control/management plan and procedure
32. Propulsion and Power Flight Clearance Plan, JSSG-2007A, Table XLVIIIb
33. Diminishing manufacturing sources plan
34. Obsolete parts plan
7.1. PROPULSION SAFETY MANAGEMENT.

7.1.1 Verify that safety-critical propulsion system risks are identified, probabilities are validated, and risk
controls are in place.

Comm'l Doc: SAE ARP 5580
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.2, A.3.2.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P11 A.3.1.17
A.3.3.1, A.3.3.2, A.3.3.7, Reference:
A.3.5.1, A.3.11, A.3.12, A.4.2, STANAG
A.4.2.1, A.4.3.1, A.4.3.2,
A.4.3.7, A.4.5.1, A.4.11, Reference:
A.4.12, propulsion system
failure analysis and reliability.
PCOE-BP-99-06C, Aircraft
Gas Turbine Engine Flight
Safety Risk Management
Process, (an ASC Propulsion
Squadron Best Practice).
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 33.5, EASA CS CS-E 25*#
33.35, 33.7, 33.8 Reference: CS-E 40*#
AC 33-2B CS-E 240
CS-E 250*#
CS-E 560*#
CS-E 510
CS-25 903(d)(1)
CS-29 903(d)(1)
Comments: CS-E 250 covers piston engines.
CS-E 560 covers turbine engines.
Uncontained rotor failures apply - see AMJ/AC 20-128A

7.1.2 Verify that an engine out condition on multi-engine aircraft allows safe recovery of the aircraft.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.2, A.4.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 2.4.22
A.3.11, A.4.11, A.3.12, A.4.12 Reference: 00-970 2.4.23
STANAG 4671 69
Reference: 4671.149
33.5, 33.7, 33.8 Reference: CS-E 250*#
AC 33-2B CS-E 560*#
CS 25.123(c)
CS 23.149
CS 25.149
# means judgement call to made.
7.1.3 Verify that single engine direct lift systems comply with specified safety requirements.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
A.3.2.1.4/A.4.2.1.4, Thrust Reference:
Retention and A.3.11, A.4.11, STANAG
A.3.12, A.4.12 for guidance on 4671 901
Direct Lift and STOVL thrust Reference:
requirements.
33.5, 33.7, 33.8 Reference: CS-E 250*#
AC 33-2B CS-E 560*#
Comments: * means direct read across of MIL-HDBK-156B 14CFR reference to EMAR 516.
7.1.4 Verify that technical data includes all operational and maintenance procedures and limitations
necessary for safe operation of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.8
Reference:
STANAG 4671 901
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.1585 EASA CS CS 23.1585#
CS 27.1585#
CS 29.1585#
AMC-E 20(3)
Comments: # means judgement call to made.
7.1.5 Verify that the engine configuration is controlled.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.10/A.4.10 Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
MIL-HDBK-61A Reference:
STANAG 4671 901
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS-E 20
Reference:
Comments: CSI's maybe related to civil MMEL's, however we haven't gone into the US military
doc in detail to check.
7.1.6 Verify that critical safety items (CSI) and critical characteristics are identified.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG 2007A: 3.4.1.4 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Section 5 L2 2.1
Reference: 00-970 P11 3.E515

DoD 4140.1-R, Section C8.5, STANAG 4671 901
DoD Supply Chain Materiel Reference:
Management Regulation DoD
Aviation Critical Safety Item
(CSI)/Flight Safety Critical
Aircraft Part (FSCAP)
NAVAIRINST 4200.25D
Management of Critical
Application Items Including
Critical Safety Items. Critical
Item Management Desktop
Guide (to NAVAIR 4200.25D)
(Draft) JACG Instruction on
Management of Aviation
Critical Safety Items.
Reference: CS-E 515#
CS-P 150
CS-P 160
7.2. GAS TURBINE ENGINE APPLICATIONS.
7.2.1. Performance.
7.2.1.1 Verify that engine performance is adequate for safe operation of the air vehicle. This includes
consideration of all installation effects imposed by the air vehicle, and all intended operational
environments.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.2, A.4.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.2.6
A.3.2.1, A.4.2.1, A.3.2.1.1, Reference: 00-970 5.2.65
A.4.2.1.1, A.3.3.1, A.4.3.1, STANAG
A.3.3.2, A.4.3.2, A.3.3.7, 4671 901
A.4.3.7, A.3.11, A.4.11, A.3.12, Reference:
A.4.12 and JSSG-2001B
3.3.1.1/4.3.1.1
33.35, 33.7, 33.8, AC 33.2B Reference: CS-E 250*#
CS-E 540
CS-E 560*#
CS 25.101(c)
CS 25.123

7.2.1.2 Verify that degraded engine performance meets requirements for safety considerations. Degraded
engine performance includes performance in any backup control mode, as well as performance after bird,
ice, and sand ingestion.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: Backup control: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.9.3
A.3.7.2.1.1, A.4.7.2.1.1; Bird Reference: 00-970 7.2.1.2
ingestion: JSSG-2007A STANAG
A.3.3.2.1, A.4.3.2.1; Ice 4671 903
ingestion: A.3.3.1.4, A.4.3.1.4; Reference:
and Sand ingestion: A.3.3.2.4,
A.4.3.2.4
33.68, 33.89 Reference: CS-E 230*#
AC 33-76 CS-E 540*#
CS-E 780
CS-E 790
CS-E 800
Comments: Degraded engine performance not specifically addressed.
FAA 33.76, 33.77 and 33.78 are missing from 516B.
7.2.2. Operability.
7.2.2.1 Verify that positive stability margin exists at all flight conditions or that placards are documented in
the flight manual.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.2.2.6, Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
A.4.2.2.6, A.3.2.2.11, Reference:
A.4.2.2.11, A.3.3.2.5, STANAG 4671 903
A.4.3.2.5, A.3.3.2.6, A.4.3.2.6,
A.3.3.2.7, A.4.3.2.7 Reference:
33.73 (stability), 33.5 Reference:
(distortion)
7.2.2.2 Verify that the engine has adequate stability during throttle transients. The entire range of required
transients should be considered, including those during land and ship approaches, aerial refuelling, and
quick stops; for rotorcraft, bob-up and remask, and nap of the earth ridgeline crossings.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.2.2.6, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P11 Table H
A.4.2.2.6, A.3.2.2.7, A.4.2.2.7 Reference:
MIL-HDBK-516: criteria STANAG 4671 939

FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 33.65, EASA CS CS-E 745#
33.73, 33.89 Reference:
Comments: CS-E 745 covers landing. Remaining transients are military specific so may not be
covered in EASA CS docs.
7.2.2.3 Verify that air start requirements are met and documented in the flight manual. Air starts include
spool-down, windmill, cross-bleed and starter-assisted as appropriate for the air vehicle system.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.2.2.3.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.86
A.4.2.2.3.2 Reference: 00-970 5.1.87
00-970 5.1.88
00-970 5.1.89
STANAG 4671 903
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 33.89 EASA CS CS-E 370
Reference: CS-E 910#
CS 23.903(d)(e)
CS 25.903(e)
CS 27.903(d)
CS 29.903(e)
7.2.2.4 Verify that the engine recovers from instability induced by external influences (such as inlet
distortion and steam and armament gas ingestion) after the external influence is removed, without
employing measures such as commanded idle or shutdown and without exceeding thermal or structural
limits.

Comm'l Doc:
A.4.2.2.3.5, A.3.2.2.11.2, Reference: 00-970 5.1.139
A.4.2.2.11.2, A.3.7.2.1, 00-970 5.1.41
A.4.7.2.1
00-970 5.1.52
STANAG 4671 939
Reference:
33.28, 33.91 Reference: CS-E 500
CS-E 540
CS-E 790
CS-E 800
Comments: FAA 33.27 maps to CS-E 50.
No match for FAA 33.28 and 33.91.

Armament gas ingestion specific to military applications.
7.2.3. Structures.
7.2.3.1 Verify that the engine structure does not exhibit detrimental permanent set or deflect to the extent
that operation or performance is impaired when operated to limit load conditions (singly or in combination)
within the flight and ground envelope. Verify that the engine structure does not experience catastrophic
failure under ultimate load conditions or combinations of ultimate loading.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-1783B: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P11 3.E680
A.4.10/A.5.10 through Reference:
A.4.10.14/A.5.10.14, A.4.5.3, STANAG
A.5.5.3 4671 901
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 33.75, EASA CS CS-E 70(b)
33.91, 33.23 Reference: CS-E 100(b)
CS-E 510*#
Comments: No equivalent to MIL-HDBK-1783B.
7.2.3.2 Verify that the engine has positive durability margins over the defined operational interval and duty
cycle to preclude adverse safety, economic, or operational impacts.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-1783B: A.4.9/A.5.9 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P11 4.9.1
through A.4.9.3/A.5.9.3 for Reference: 00-970 P11 4.12.1
LCF/durability/economic life STANAG
design and compliance 4671 901
methods Reference:
MIL-HDBK-1783B:
A.4.13/A.5.13 through
A.4.13.3.3/A.5.13.3.3 for high
cycle fatigue/vibration
guidance
MIL-HDBK-1783B:
A.4.12/A.5.12 for creep
guidance
MIL-HDBK-1783B:
A.4.11/A.5.11 for deterioration
guidance
MIL-HDBK-1783B:
A.4.14/A.5.14 for noise

guidance
MIL-HDBK-1783B:
A.4.15/A.5.15 for foreign object
damage/domestic object
damage (FOD/DOD) guidance
MIL-HDBK-1783B:
A.4.16/A.5.16a and b, for
durability and compliance
criteria for repaired
components
33.5, 33.63, 33.83, 33.19 Reference: CS-E 70(a)
CS-E 140(d)(2)
CS-E 270(f)
CS-E 340*#
CS-E 440*#
CS-E 650*#
Comments: No equivalent to MIL-HDBK-1783B looked into.
FAA 33.14 appears to have been cancelled.
CS-E 650 and CS-E 340 cover vibration.
7.2.3.3 Verify that all safety- and mission-critical parts are designed to be damage tolerant over the
defined operational interval and duty cycle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-1783B: A.4.7/A.5.7 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P11 3.E515
through A.4.8.6/A.5.8.6 for Reference:
application of damage STANAG
tolerance and inspection 4671 601
methods Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 33.75 EASA CS CS-E 510*#
Reference: CS-E 80(a)(1)(ii)
CS-E 130
AMC 25.571
7.2.3.4 Verify that the allowables for materials are minimums and are established considering statistical
variability, the expected environments, fabrication processes, repair techniques, and quality assurance
procedures. Verify that conditions and properties for material repairs satisfy design requirements.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-1783B: A.4.6/A.5.6 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P11 3.E70

for material characterization Reference:
guidance STANAG 4671 603
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 33.15 EASA CS CS-E 70*
Reference: CS-E 90*
7.2.3.5 Verify that the engine is designed such that pertinent environmental variables and all sources of
repeated loads are considered and these considerations are included in the development of the design
duty cycle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-1783B: A.4.3/A.5.3 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.21
through A.4.5.3/A.5.5.3, for Reference: 00-970 5.1.33-5.1.39
design service life and usage STANAG 4671 903
Reference:
Reference: AMC-E 25#
CS-E 515
7.2.3.6 Verify that all inspection intervals and life-limited components are identified in the technical
manuals and a process to track life consumption is operational and current.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-1783B: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 A.2.19
A.4.19/A.5.19 for component Reference:
life management guidance. STANAG
MIL-HDBK-1783B: A.5.9.1.1
Reference:
through A.5.9.1.6 for
accelerated mission testing
concepts
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS-E 510 (e)(1)#
Reference: AMC 25.603, 6.2.4#

7.2.4. Engine subsystems, components, computer resources and software.

7.2.4.1 Subsystems.
7.2.4.1.1 Verify that the engine control system maintains safe engine operation under all required
conditions.
Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.7.2/A.4.7.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P11 3.E50
control systems design and Reference:
verification. STANAG 4671 903
Reference:
33.28, 33.91 Reference: CS-E 140*#
CS-E 840*#
CS 25.20(c)
No equivalent for FAA 33.91.
7.2.4.1.2 Verify that multiple propulsion subsystems are physically, systemically, and operationally
isolated from each other to prevent the failure of more than one propulsion subsystem due to any single
or common cause.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.7.2/A.4.7.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.2.8
control systems guidance.. Reference:
STANAG 4671 903
Reference:
33.28, 33.91 Reference: CS-E 140*#
CS-E 500
CS-E 540
CS-E 790
CS-E 800
CS-E 840*#
CS 23.903(c)
CS 25.903(b)
CS 29.903(b)
Comments: CS 27.903 doesn't cover multi-engine applications.
No equivalent for FAA 33.91.
7.2.4.1.3 Verify that the control system maintains both stable engine operation and response during all
steady state and transient conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
control systems guidance. Reference: 00-970 5.1.25
MIL-HDBK-516 criteria 7.2.2.2 STANAG 4671 901
Reference:
33.28, 33.91 Reference: CS-E 140*#
CS-E 500
CS-E 540
CS-E 790
CS-E 800
CS-E 840*#
Comments: No equivalent for FAA 33.91.
7.2.4.1.4 Verify that any failure of the engine controls and associated subsystems results in a fail-
operational or fail-safe condition.

Comm'l Doc:
control systems guidance. Reference:
STANAG 4671 1141
Reference:
33.28, 33.91 Reference: CS-E 140*#
CS-E 210
CS-E 500
CS-E 540
CS-E 790
CS-E 800
CS-E 840*#
7.2.4.1.5 Verify that the engine control system failures do not cause unexpected engine transients; or
result in unacceptable controllability, stability, or handling qualities; or require any urgent or excessive
pilot action.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.7.2, A.4.7.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.25
A.3.7.6, A.4.7.6 Reference:

STANAG
Reference:
33.28, 33.91 Reference: CS-E 140*#
CS-E 210
CS-E 500
CS-E 540
CS-E 790
CS-E 800
CS-E 840*#
7.2.4.1.6 Verify that the engine fuel system safely provides the required fuel supply to the combustor,
augmentor, and fueldraulics subsystems under all required conditions.

Comm'l Doc: SAE-AS1055B, Fire Testing
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.2.3
A.3.7.3.2/A.4.7.3.2, Fuel Reference:
Systems Performance, engine STANAG
fuel system design and 4671 951
verification testing Reference:
JSSG-2007A:
A.3.1.8.1/A.4.1.8.1, Flammable
Fluid Systems - fire resistance
testing requirements and
procedures.
33.67, 33.87(a)(7), 33.89, Reference: CS-E 250(a)*#
33.91 CS-E 350*#
CS-E 470
CS-E 560(a)*#
CS-E 660#
CS-E 730*#
Comments: No equivalent for FAA 33.89 and 33.91.
7.2.4.1.7 Verify that the engine ignition system provides a safe ignition source for the main combustor and
augmenter.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.2.2.3.5/A.4.2.2.3.5, Auto- Reference:

Relight and A.3.7.5/A.4.7.5, STANAG 4671 1165
Ignition Systems Reference:
33.69 Reference: CS-E 450*#
Comments: 00-970 only covers relighting.
No equivalent to FAA 33.89.
7.2.4.1.8 Verify that the engine anti-ice/de-ice system prevents damaging ice build-up or provides safe
and non-damaging ice removal at all engine speeds/power levels and will not result in heat-induced
damage to the engine's front frame structure.

Comm'l Doc:
Anti-ice and De-ice Systems Reference: 00-970 5.1.36
00-970 5.1.42
STANAG 4671 929
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 25.1419 EASA CS CS-E 230
Reference: AMC E 720
Comments: CS 23.1419, 25.1419, 27.1419 and 29.1419 cover general icing protection. It is not
specific to propulsion.
7.2.4.1.9 Verify that engine cooling and thermal management systems safely remove excess heat from
the engine and its subsystems (see 8.2.16).

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.2.2.13/A.4.2.2.13 Reference: 00-970 5.3.5
STANAG 4671 1041
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 27.1121 EASA CS CS-E 60(e)
Reference: CS-E 260
Comments: CS 23.1121, 25.1121, 27.1121 and 29.1121 cover exhaust system not cooling.
7.2.4.1.10 Verify that the engine variable geometry systems safely operate under all engine operating
conditions.

DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.7/A.4.7, Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
variable geometry system Reference:
design and verification testing. STANAG
JSSG-2007A: 4671 903
Reference:

A.3.1.8.1/A.4.1.8.1, Flammable
and fire proof
testing.
FAA Doc: 14CFR references:27.695, EASA CS CS-E 130#
29.695, 33.17, 33.72, 43.1 Reference: CS-E 140(c)
Comments: CS 23.671, 25.671, 27.671 and 29.671 deals with general controls.
CS 27.695 and 29.695 appear to deal with such things as hydraulic systems. There
are no equivalent para 23.695 and 25.695.
Variable geometry is specific to military.
7.2.4.1.11 Verify that the engine lubrication system safely operates under all engine operating conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
Lubrication System Reference: 00-970 5.3.5
STANAG 4671 1011
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 33.5, EASA CS CS-E 25#
33.71, 33.87, 33.89 Reference: CS-E 130*#
CS-E 270
CS-E 440
CS-E 740
Comments: No equivalent to FAA 33.71 and 33.89.
7.2.4.1.12 Verify that the lubrication system is free from excessive discharge at the breather.

Comm'l Doc:
paraA.3.7.8.3/A.4.7.8.3, Reference:
Breather Mist - engine breather STANAG
exhaust emissions design and 4671 1017
verification testing. Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS-E 270(a)
Reference: CS-E 570
7.2.4.1.13 Verify that the lubrication system and bearing compartments do not support combustion.

DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.7.8/A.4.7.8, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.26.14-4.26.20
Lubrication System Reference:

JSSG-2007A: STANAG 4671 1011
A.3.1.8.1/A.4.1.8.1, Flammable Reference:
and fireproof testing.
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS-E 270(d)(e)
Reference: CS-E 570
7.2.4.1.14 Verify that the engine health monitoring and prognostics systems provide adequate warnings in
a timely manner to reduce occurrences of in-flight shutdowns and power losses.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.7.6/A.4.7.6, Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
Engine Health Monitoring Reference:
Systems (EHMS), the Interface STANAG
Control Document (ICD) and 4671 U1787
the pilot's operating manual Reference:
Reference: AMC E 50
Comments: CS-E 50 maps on to FAA 33.28, but doesn't really cover health monitoring.
7.2.4.2 Components: mechanical and electrical.

7.2.4.2.1 Verify that any uncontained failure of an engine control or subsystem component with rotating
parts does not adversely affect the continued safe operation of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.7/A.4.7, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.123
Subsystems, engine Reference: 00-970 P11 3.E810
subsystem component design STANAG
and verification. 4671 1461
MIL-HDBK-1783B: A.4.8/A.5.8, Reference:
Damage Tolerance;
A.4.10.3/A.5.10.3,
Containment, component
containment design
requirements.
33.94 Reference: CS-E 810*#
AMC 510(d) (iii)
CS-25.903 (d)(1)
CS-29.903 (d)(1)
Comments: Uncontained rotor failures apply - see AMJ/AC 20-128A
No equivalent to MIL-HDBK-1783B looked into.


7.2.4.2.2 Verify that changes in bearing thrust balance do not result in the bearing operating in failure
prone regions of operation.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-1783B: Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
A.4.10.10/A.5.10.10, Pressure Reference:
balance STANAG 4671.623
Reference:
Reference: CS-E 740*#
CS 23.623
CS 25.623
CS 27.623
CS 29.623
7.2.4.2.3 Verify that all engine mounted tubing, manifolds and clamps are safely affixed and routed on the
engine.

Comm'l Doc: SAE ARP 994,
Tubing/Plumbing Routing
A.3.1.1.3/A.4.1.1.3, Interface Reference: 00-970 5.3.57
Loads, A.3.11/A.4.11, Controls 00-970 5.3.58
and Externals Verification, the
00-970 6.6.64
Interface Control Document
(ICD) STANAG 4671 901
Reference: 4671 993
CS 25.901
CS 27.901
CS 29.901
7.2.4.2.4 Verify that all engine mounted tubing, manifolds and clamps do not contain natural frequencies
within the engine and subsystems operating ranges.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.11/A.4.11, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.11.37-6.11.45
Controls and Externals Reference:
Verification. STANAG 4671 901
Reference: 4671 993

Reference: CS 23.993*#
CS 25.901
CS 25.993*#
CS 27.901
CS 27.993*#
CS 29.901
CS 29.993*#
Comments: 00-970 6.11.37-6.11.45 only covers hydraulics.
7.2.4.2.5 Verify that all pressure vessels, tubes and manifolds have design margin for their maximum
operating conditions.

A.4.7.3.2 and A.3.7.8, A.4.7.8, Reference:
pressure vessel proof and STANAG
burst testing. 4671 901
JSSG-2007A: A.3.1.8.1, Reference: 4671 951
A.4.1.8.1, Flammable Fluid
Systems, fire resistance and
fire proof testing.
MIL-HDBK-1783B:
A.4.10/A.5.10
CS 27.901
CS 29.901
7.2.4.2.6 Verify that engine gearboxes have design margin for their maximum operating conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.7.16/A.4.7.16, Gearbox. Reference: 00-970 P11 3E80
STANAG 4671 901
Reference:

Reference:
Comments: No equivalent CS 23.1167, 27.1167 or 29.1167.
7.2.4.2.7 Verify that failure of any gearbox mounted component (oil pumps, fuel pumps, starters,
generators, etc.) does not result in failure of the gearbox itself.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.7.16/A.4.7.16, Gearbox. Reference:
STANAG 4671.901
Reference:
CS 25.1167
CS 27.901
CS 29.901
7.2.4.2.8 Verify that failure of the engine power take-off (PTO) coupling assembly does not adversely
affect safe operation of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.1.1.10/A.4.1.1.10, Power Reference:
Take-Off and STANAG
A.3.7.16/A.4.7.16, Gearbox. 4671.901
MIL-HDBK-516 criteria Reference:
7.2.5.1.3
CS 25.1167
CS 27.901
CS 29.901
7.2.4.2.9 Verify that all engine mounted electrical components and cabling are safely affixed and routed
on the engine.

Comm'l Doc: SAE-AS-50881, for required
clearances for electrical
cables, and requirements for
appropriate selection and
installation of wiring and wiring
devices.
A.3.1.1.3/A.4.1.1.3, Interface

Loads and A.3.7.4/A.4.7.4, Reference:
Electrical System. STANAG 4671.901
MIL-STD-464A, for
requirements for proper
bonding and grounding
CS 25.901
CS 27.901
CS 29.901
Comments: No equivalent to MIL-STD-464A looked into.
7.2.4.2.10 Verify that all engine mounted electrical components and cabling can safely operate in the
lightning and electromagnetic effects environment of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: For guidance on engine EMI, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.10(all)
EMP, and Lightning design and Reference: 00-970 P11 4.8.1
verification testing:
JSSG-2007A: A.3.3.3/A.4.3.3
STANAG 4671 867
MIL-STD-461E
Reference:
MIL-STD-464A.
Reference: AMC E 170
Comments: No equivalent to MIL-STD-461E or MIL-STD-464A looked into.
7.2.4.2.11 Verify that all engine mounted electrical components and associated cabling do not react to
engine or air vehicle induced vibratory and acoustic excitations.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.11/A.4.11, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.6.1
Controls and Externals Reference: 00-970 6.6.35
Verification and 00-970 6.6.52-6.6.58
A.3.7.4/A.4.7.4, Electrical
P7 C706 2.2
System.
P7 C706 5.1.1
STANAG 4671.901
CS 25.901
CS 27.901
CS 29.901
Comments: 00-970 doesn't cover acoustic excitations.

CS 23.993, 25.993, 27.993 and 29.993 cover fuel line fittings not electrical fittings.
7.2.4.2.12 Verify that electrical power is supplied to all safety critical engine systems under all flight
conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
Electrical System. Reference: 00-970 6.6.1
00-970 6.6.2
00-970 6.6.16
00-970 6.6.18
STANAG 4671 1351
Reference:
33.5 Reference: CS-E 50(h)
CS 23.1351
CS 25.1351
CS 27.1351
CS 29.1351
Comments: CS 23.993, 25.993, 27.993 and 29.993 cover fuel line fittings not electrical fittings.
7.2.4.3 Engine controls and monitoring devices that use computers and software meet all applicable
criteria of Section 15

Comm'l Doc: IEEE/EIA 12207.0, IEEE/EIA
12207.1, IEEE/EIA 12207.2
and RTCA DO 178 and 254
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: 3.8/4.8 Software Def-Stan 00-970
Resources. Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14 CFR reference: 33.28 EASA CS CS-E 50*#
Reference:
Comments: Refer to section 15.
7.2.5. Installations.
7.2.5.1 Physical Installation.
7.2.5.1.1 Verify that all engine/air vehicle physical interfaces such as mechanical, fluid, and electrical
connections are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.1.1.3, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.15
A.4.1.1.3, Interface Loads. Reference: 00-970 5.1.16
JSSG-2001B: 3.3.1.1/4.3.1.1 STANAG 4671.901
Reference:
CS 25.901
CS 27.901
CS 29.901
7.2.5.1.2 Verify that the aircraft/engine mounts contain adequate design margin to secure the engine
properly under all operating conditions and failure modes.

Comm'l Doc:
A.4.1.1.4, Mounts, A.4.10.12, Reference: 00-970 5.1.16
A.5.10.12: STANAG
MIL-HDBK-1783B, Engine 4671.901
Reference:
Structural Integrity.
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 33.5, 33.23 EASA CS CS-E 25*#
CS-E 100
CS 23.901
CS 25.901
CS 27.901
CS 29.901
7.2.5.1.3 Verify that, when applicable, the installed power-take-off (PTO) shaft system is free of any
potentially damaging resonant conditions (refer to section 8.6 for additional details) for all loads and
modes of operation.

Comm'l Doc:

DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
Reference:
7.2.5.1.4 Verify that the probability of failure due to uncontained rotating parts damaging air vehicle safety
of flight (SOF)/critical safety items (CSIs) is acceptable.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001B: 3.3.10/4.3.10 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 53.1.123
Reference:
STANAG 4671 903
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS-25.903(d)(1)
Reference: CS-29.903(d)(1)
AMC-E 510(d)(iii)
Comments: uncontrolled rotor failures apply - see AMJ/AC 20-128A
7.2.5.1.5 Verify that clearance between the air vehicle and engine (including associated components,
plumbing, and harnesses) is maintained under all operating conditions within the ground and flight
envelopes.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001 B: 3.3.1.1/4.3.1.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.26
Reference: 00-970 5.1.27
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS-E 520(b)
Reference:
Comments: 00-970 5.1.61 refers to clearances but of the propeller / structure only.
7.2.5.1.6 Verify that drain systems have sufficient capacity, operate throughout required ground and flight
attitudes and regimes, and expel/store the fluids in a safe manner.

Comm'l Doc:
A.4.1.1.8, for design and Reference: 00-970 5.2.47
verification guidance for drains. 00-970 5.3.17
JSSG-2001B: 3.3.1.1/4.3.1.1
00-970 5.3.42
STANAG 4671 999
Reference:

FAA Doc: EASA CS CS-E 250(d)
Reference: CS-E 270
7.2.5.1.7 Verify the engine air inlet components have adequate structural margin to withstand the over-
pressures generated by inlet/compressor anomalies.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671 1103
Reference:
Reference: CS-E 100
7.2.5.1.8 Verify accessibility to propulsion-system-related equipment for the performance of required

servicing, inspections, and maintenance.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001B: 3.3.1.1/4.3.1.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.97-119
Reference:
STANAG 4671 901
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS AMC-E 60(2)(b)
Reference: AMC-E 560(6)
AMC-E 570(1)&(3)
7.2.5.1.9 Verify that airframe and propulsion systems eliminate sources of self-induced foreign/domestic
object damage (FOD/DOD) to engines.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001B: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.44
3.3.1.1.1/4.3.1.1.1 Reference: 00-970 5.1.45
00-970 5.1.46
P11 S3.E540
STANAG 4671 903
Reference:
Reference: CS-E 570(d)&(f)
CS-E 580
7.2.5.2 Functional installation.

7.2.5.2.1 Verify that functional compatibility of the integrated system is safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001B: 3.3.1.1/4.3.1.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.2.4
Reference: 00-970 5.2.213
STANAG 4671 901
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS AMC-E 650(9)
Reference:
7.2.5.2.2 Verify that the engine can safely supply all customer extractions (bleed air, horsepower,
electrical power, etc.) under all operating conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.2, A.4.2 and Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.74
A.3.7, A.4.7, engine Reference: 00-970 5.1.75
performance and operability STANAG
impacts of customer 4671 901
extractions. Reference:
JSSG-2007A: A.3.1.1.7,
A.4.1.1.7, bleed air interface
design and verification.
JSSG-2007A: A.3.1.1.10,
A.4.1.1.10 and A.3.7.16,
A.4.7.16, PTO horsepower
extraction.
JSSG-2007A: A.3.7.4.1,
A.4.7.4.1, electrical power
design and verification
requirements.
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS-E 745(a)(1)
Reference:
7.2.5.2.3 Verify customer bleed air contamination does not exceed safe limits.

Comm'l Doc:
A.4.1.1.7.1, customer bleed air Reference: P11 S3.E690
contaminants guidance STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS-E 510 (g)(2)(ii)
Reference: CS-E 580
CS-E 690(b)
7.2.5.3 Inlet compatibility.

7.2.5.3.1 Verify that the air induction system(s) functions under all expected ground, flight, and
environmental (including ice, sand, and dust, as applicable) conditions without adversely affecting engine
operation or resulting in engine damage.

Comm'l Doc:
A.4.3.2.4, for sand and dust Reference:
design and verification; STANAG
A.3.3.2.3, 4671 1091
A.4.3.2.3, for ice ingestion Reference:
guidance; A.3.2.2.11,
A.4.2.2.11, distortion guidance;
and
A.3.3.2.5, A.4.3.2.5, for
atmospheric liquid water
ingestion guidance.
JSSG-2001B:
3.3.1.1.1/4.3.1.1.1
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS 25.109(a)
Reference: CS-E 650(c)(1)
CS-E 790(d)(3)
7.2.5.4 Exhaust system compatibility.

7.2.5.4.1 Verify that exhaust systems direct exhaust gases to the atmosphere clear of the flight crew,
boarding or discharging passengers, externally mounted equipment, fluid drains, air intakes, stores, rotor
blades, and airframe structure.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001B: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.52
3.3.1.1.2/4.3.1.1.2, Nozzle and Reference:
Exhaust Systems STANAG
JSSG-2007A: A.3.1.8.2, 4671.1121
Reference:
A.4.1.8.2, A.3.1.8.5, A.4.1.8.5
and A.3.1.8.7, A.4.1.8.7, fire
prevention, air and gas
leakage and jet wake;
A.3.7.10, A.4.7.10, engine
exhaust nozzle system design
and verification
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS 25.941(a)
CS 25.1121
CS 27.1121
CS 29.1121
7.2.5.4.2 Verify that thrust reverser/thrust vectoring systems are fail-safe and compatible with engine and
air vehicle systems.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.1.1.12 to Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.54
A.4.1.1.13, for exhaust system Reference: 00-970 5.1.55
and thrust reverser interfaces STANAG
design and verification 4671 U1761
guidance; A.3.7.10, A.4.7.10, Reference:
Exhaust Nozzle System and
A.3.7.10.2, A.4.7.10.2,
Vectored Nozzle
Reference:
7.2.5.5 Environmental compatibility.

7.2.5.5.1 Verify that engine bay/nacelle cooling and ventilation provisions are adequate to maintain the
temperatures of power plant components, engine fluids, other bay/nacelle equipment and structure within
the temperature limits established for these components and fluids, under ground and flight operating
conditions, and after normal engine shutdown. (These provisions should be compatible with the fire
protection certification criteria of 8.4.)

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 5.1.73
00-970 5.3.5
STANAG 4671 1041
Reference:
Reference: CS-E 270(d)
7.2.5.5.2 Verify the installed vibratory compatibility of the engine/airframe system.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001B: 3.3.1.1.2/4.3.1.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.16
exhaust integration design and Reference: 00-970 5.2.22
verification requirements. 00-970 5.2.37
00-970 5.2.96
00-970 5.3.77
STANAG 4671 901
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS-E 100(c)
Reference:
7.2.5.5.3 Verify compatibility with shipboard jet blast deflectors.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: Def-Stan 00-970
A.3.1.8.7/A.4.1.8.7 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: This is a naval military requirement.
7.2.5.6 Installation other.

7.2.5.6.1 Verify that the air vehicle propulsion controls and crew station information are adequate for
proper crew control and operation of the propulsion system.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001B: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.18-5.1.25
3.4.3.1.6/4.4.3.1.6 and MIL- Reference:
STD-411 STANAG 4671 U1701
Reference:
Reference:
7.3. ALTERNATE PROPULSION SYSTEMS.
7.3.1. Propeller driven systems.

7.3.1.1 Verify that adequate margins exist for the performance, strength, and durability of the following:
propeller and propeller system components, including the propeller drive shaft, reduction gearbox, torque
measurement system, negative torque system, propeller brake, and mechanical over-speed governor.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: L.3.4.12/L.4.4.12 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.59
and L.3.4.12.4/L.4.4.12.4, Reference: 00-970 5.1.61
performance and structural 00-970 5.1.62
design and compliance
methods STANAG 4671 905
Reference: 4671.907
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS-E 25*#

CS-E 340*#
CS-E 390*#
CS-E 745*#
CS-E 500*#
CS-E 510*#
CS-E 650*#
CS-E 710*#

CS-E 780*#
CS-E 800*#
CS-E 810*#
CS-E 840*#
CS-E 890*#
CS-E 920*#
CS-P 160
CS-P 350
CS-P 370
CS-P 390
CS-P 400
CS-P 410
CS-P 530
CS-P 550
CS 23.907
CS 25.907
Comments: FAA 33.14 appears to have been cancelled.
7.3.1.2 Verify that any critical propeller speeds (e.g., speeds that excite resonant frequencies and cause
detrimental blade stresses) are outside the engine operating range or identified limitations are placed in
the appropriate operators and maintenance technical manuals (T.O.'s).

Comm'l Doc:
and L.3.4.12.6/L.4.4.12.6, Reference:
propeller vibration and flutter STANAG
criteria and compliance 4671.33
methods Reference: 4671 907
33.83, 33.63 Reference: CS-E 650*#
CS 23.33
CS 25.33
Comments: 00-970 5.1.60 doesn't cover putting limitations in manuals.
7.3.1.3 Verify the safety and functionality of the hardware and software components of propeller reversing
systems and pitch controls for all steady state, transient, and emergency operating conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671.933 (b)
Reference:

FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 35.21 EASA CS CS-P 210*#
Reference: CS 23.933(b)
CS 25.933(b)
7.3.1.4 Verify the safety of all physical and functional interfaces between the propeller and any system
that drives the propeller.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 35.21, EASA CS CS-P 210*#
35.39, 35.41 Reference: CS-P 390*#
CS-P 400*#
CS-P 150(a)
7.3.1.5 Verify that the manual and automatic feathering systems are operational for all steady state,
transient, and emergency operating conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: L.3.4.12.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.63
L.4.4.12.1, feathering systems. Reference: 00-970 5.3.15
STANAG 4671 905
CS-E 570(f)(3)
CS-P 220
7.3.1.6 Verify the compatibility of the propeller and engine control systems under all steady state,
transient, and emergency operating conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: L.3.4.12.5, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.18
L.4.4.12.5, control system Reference: 00-970 5.1.20
compatibility. 00-970 5.1.59
STANAG 4671 901
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS-E 20(d)

Reference:
7.3.1.7 Verify that the propeller system is free of destructive vibrations at all steady state and transient
operating conditions and is capable of balancing to remove vibration that could cause equipment to
operate below specified requirements or cause excessive crew discomfort.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: L.3.4.12.6, Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
L.4.4.12.6, guidance on Reference:
vibration and balance. STANAG 4671.907
Reference:
CS-E 340(b)
CS-P 530
7.3.1.8 Verify that the propeller ice control system prevents the dangerous accumulation of ice during all

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: L.6.3.1, for Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 5.1.35
guidance on propeller anti-icing Reference:
systems. STANAG 4671 905
Reference:
Reference:
7.3.1.9 Verify that the propeller can tolerate bird strikes.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671 U631
Reference:
Reference: CS-P 360
AMC-P 360
Comments: FAA 35.36 is not available therefore removed
7.3.2. Rotary wing systems.

7.3.2.1 Verify that the rotary wing and all associated components and systems (drive shaft, reduction
gearbox, torque measurement system, negative torque system, brake system, and mechanical overspeed
governor) provide sufficient power, torque, strength, and durability for safe operation at sea level hover
and margin for vertical climb and hover throughout the flight envelope.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.7.16, Def-Stan 00-970 P7 L700 4.4
A.4.7.16 Reference: P7 L905 8.1
JSSG-2009: K.4.4.11, for drive P7 L1001 8.1
system bench and system level STANAG
testing. Reference:
FAA Doc: 29.1309 EASA CS CS 27.1309
7.3.2.2 Verify that the rotor system provides safe controllability of the air vehicle under all expected

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.7.16, Def-Stan 00-970 P7 L1001 8.1(b)
A.4.7.16 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
7.3.2.3 Verify that, for rotary wing air vehicles, the effects of high-energy, low-frequency vibrations,
generated by main rotor blade passage (fundamental and harmonic) frequencies at all engine and related
component operating speeds and powers, do not adversely affect the operation of the engine and the
drive system.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.4.1.8, Def-Stan 00-970 P7 L732 3.1.8
A.4.4.1.8, for engine vibration Reference: P7 L1001 8.5
and dynamic response. STANAG
Reference:
7.3.2.4 Verify, for rotary wing air vehicles, that a satisfactory interface is achieved between the engine
(including subsystems/accessories) and the airframe relative to both high-frequency engine-excited and
low-frequency air vehicle rotor(s) excited vibrations.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.4.1.8, Def-Stan 00-970 P7 L700 2.2
A.4.4.1.8, for engine vibration Reference:

and dynamic response. STANAG
Reference:
CS-E 100(c)
7.3.2.5 Verify that the transmission/gearbox lubrication system safely operates under all air vehicle

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.7.8, A.4.7.8, Def-Stan 00-970 P7 L1001 8.1(f)
Lubrication System. Reference:
JSSG-2009: K.4.4.11.4, for STANAG
lubrication element, Reference:
component, and system level
testing.
CS-E 270
7.3.2.6 Verify that unfavourable dynamic coupling modes do not occur when the engine, engine
accessories, rotor system, and all dynamic transmission components are operated as a combined
dynamic system.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
Reference:
7.3.2.7 Verify that the engine's control/rotor system torsional stability has required gain and phase
margins and main rotor torque damping during steady-state and transient operation.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 P7 L1001 8.6
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references:29.939 EASA CS CS 27.939
7.3.2.8 Verify that the torque and misalignment capabilities of drive shaft couplings are suitable for all
possible combinations of torque and speed when installed in the aircraft at the maximum permissible
misalignment.

Comm'l Doc:
A.4.1.1.9, A.3.7.16, A.4.7.16 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
CS 29.917(c)(4)
7.3.2.9 Verify that the rotors can be held from rotating in winds at specified velocities and directions,
during engine nonoperation, power up, and ground idle conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: I.3.4.9.4.1, Def-Stan 00-970 P9 L732/1 4.1
I.4.4.9.4.1 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
7.3.2.10 Verify that the normal and emergency braking systems (consisting of aerodynamic rotor drag
and subsequent mechanical braking) are capable of stopping the rotor, from 100% speed, within specified
times after engine shutdown.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 P9 L705 3.1.4
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
Reference: CS 29.923(j)
7.3.2.11 Verify that rotor system condition monitoring provides warning of impending failure that could
result in loss of the air vehicle or prevent a safe landing.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:

STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS 29.1309(c)
Reference:
Comments: CS 27.1309 doesn't cover warnings.
7.3.2.12 Verify that the drive system permits engagement and disengagement of the engines from the
load absorbers as required for all applicable modes of air vehicle operation

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 P9 L705/2 4.8
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
Reference:
7.3.2.13 Verify that, during a loss of the primary lubrication system, the gearboxes continue to function
and transmit required power until appropriate pilot action can be accomplished.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2007A: A.3.7.8.1.3, Def-Stan 00-970 P9 L705 4.2
A.4.7.8.1.3 Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
7.3.2.14 Verify that inadvertent operation of externally phased intermeshing-rotor systems cannot occur if
the rotors become dephased and that cockpit indications are provided to the pilot.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS 29.917(c)(5)
Reference:
Comments: CS 27.917 doesn't cover intermeshing rotors.
7.3.2.15 Verify that failure or seizure of any individual accessory does not cause damage to any power
drive subsystem components during all phases of air vehicle operation.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
Reference:
7.3.3. Reciprocating engines.

7.3.3.1 Verify that reciprocating engines meet 14 Code of Federal Regulation (CFR) certification as used
for the military mission.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671 903
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference 33 subpart C EASA CS CS-E Subpart B*#
for design requirements for Reference: CS-E Subpart C*#
commercial applications.
14CFR reference 33 subpart D
for verification requirements for
commercial applications.
SECTION 8 - AIR VEHICLE SUBSYSTEMS

1. Design criteria
2. Functional operations test results
3. Performance test results
4. Failure modes, effects, and criticality analyses (FMECA)
5. Hazard analysis
6. Component and system SOF certifications/qualifications
7. Design studies and analysis
8. Installation and operational characteristics
9. Flight manual and limitations
10. Electromagnetic environmental effects analysis and test results
(Note: For subsystems that use computer resources, see section 15 for additional, specific criteria.)
8.1. HYDRAULIC AND PNEUMATIC SYSTEMS.
8.1.1 If there is more than one hydraulic system or pneumatic system, verify that safe operation can be
continued if any one hydraulic or pneumatic system fails.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: B.3.4.2, B.4.4.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.11.25
B.3.4.2.1.10, B.4.4.2.1.10, Reference: 00-970 P1 6.11.53
B.3.4.2.1.16, B.4.4.2.1.16, 00-970 P1 6.11.54
Emergency Operation and
00-970 P7 L703 2.2
Appendix M:
00-970 P7 L704/0 2.1
M.3.4.13/M.4.4.13, Pneumatic
STANAG 4671.1309(a)(2)
Subsystems.
Reference: 4671.1435(a)
4671.1437
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 25.1435 b4 EASA CS CS 23.1309(b)(2)
CS 25.1435(c)
CS 25.1435*
14CFR reference 25.1435 b4 does not appear to have much relevance to specific
paragraph, however other sections parts of 25.1435 do.
1437 referenced as assumption made that hydraulic and pneumatic system is a

"engine-driven
accessories essential to safe operation"
8.1.1.1 Verify that any single-point failure locations are identified and their consequences of failure are
acceptable, eliminated, or mitigated.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: B.3.4.2/B.4.4.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.11.51
Hydraulic Power Subsystem; Reference: 00-970 P1 6.11.52
and Appendix M: 00-970 P1 6.11.53
M.3.4.13/M.4.4.13 Pneumatic
00-970 P1 6.11.54
Subsystem
00-970 P1 6.12.15
STANAG 4671 1309

4671 1437
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS 23.1309(b)(4)
Reference: CS 25.1309(b)(1)
CS 25.1435(c)
CS 25.1436
CS 25.1438
CS 27.1309(c)
CS 29.1309
Comments: 1309 is the only reference to associated single point failures (and their
consequences)
8.1.2 Verify that interfaces and redundancies with the flight control, electrical, and avionics systems are
evaluated and verified to be safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: B.3.4.2, B.4.4.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.11.50
B.3.4.2.1.10/ B.4.4.2.1.10 Reference: 00-970 P1 6.11.53
Emergency Operation; 00-970 P1 6.12.3
B.3.4.2.1.9/B.4.4.2.1.9
Leakage Control;
B.3.4.2.2/B.4.4.2.2 Interface STANAG 4671.1309(a)(2)
requirements; B.3.4.2/B.4.4.2 Reference:
Hydraulic power subsystem; 4671 1813
and Appendix M:
Subsystem.
CS 25.1436
Comments: STANAG 4671 - 1435 is not applicable in this instance since this is a UAS application
and therefore there are no instrument displays on the UAS.
Instead, 1813 is referenced - a means to indicate hydraulic and pneumatic

information to ground control crew.
8.1.3 Verify normal, back-up, and emergency hydraulic or pneumatic system operation.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix B: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.22.46
B.3.4.2.1.2/B.4.4.2.1.2 System Reference: 00-970 P1 6.11.2
Fluid Capacity; 00-970 P1 6.11.4
B.3.4.2.1.10/B.4.4.2.1.10
00-970 P1 6.11.25
Emergency Operation; and
00-970 P1 6.11.52
Appendix M: M.3.4.13,
00-970 P1 6.11.53
M.4.4.13
00-970 P1 6.11.54
00-970 P1 6.11.55
00-970 P7 L704/0 3.4
STANAG 4671 1309

CS 23.1437
CS 25.1309
CS 25.1435(c)
CS 27.1309(a)
CS 29.1309(a)
Comments: Assumption made that within STANAG 4671 1437 that Accessories for Multi Engine
UAS applies to Pneumatic systems.
8.1.4 Verify that hydraulic fluid temperatures do not exceed the maximum allowable temperature.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.11.13
B.3.4.2.1.14/B.4.4.2.1.14 High Reference: 00-970 P1 6.11.14
Temperature Operation; 00-970 P7 L704/0 8.1.7
B.3.4.2.1.14.1/B.4.4.2.1.14.1
00-970 P7 L704/0 8.2
Thermal Relief;
00-970 P7 L704/1 3.3
B.3.4.2.1.15/B.4.4.2.1.15 Fire
STANAG 4671 1043
and Explosion Proofing
Reference:
Comments: There is no reference to hydraulic fluid temperatures within the CS civil
documentation, only CS 25.1436 which refers only to pneumatic temperatures and
therefore has been omitted from this document.
8.1.5 Verify that adequate crew station information is available to notify the flight crew of the hydraulic and
pneumatic systems' operating conditions.

Comm'l Doc:

Fluid Monitoring; 00-970 P1 6.11.18
B.3.4.2.1.4.3/B.4.4.2.1.4.3
00-970 P1 6.12.9
System Pressure Indication;
B.3.4.2.1.4.4/B.4.4.2.1.4.4 00-970 P7 L703 2.8
System Low-Pressure 00-970 P7 L704/0 8.4
Warning; STANAG 4671.1309(b)
B.3.4.2.2.3/B.4.4.2.2.3
Instrumentation interface(s);
and Appendix M: 4671 1813
M.3.4.13.3/M.4.4.13.3 Status
Indication.
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.1435 EASA CS CS 23.1309(b)(3)
a2, 25.1435 b1 Reference: CS 23.1435(a)(2)
CS 23.1435(a)
CS 25.1435(b)
CS 25.1436(b)
CS 29.1309(c)
CS 29.1435(a)(3)
Comments: STANAG 4671 1813 is included with the with the assumption that flight crew are
within the ground station (UAS) rather than within the aircraft and only hydraulic
systems are considered
8.1.6 Verify that flight and maintenance manuals include normal, back-up and emergency operating
procedures, limitations, restrictions, servicing, and maintenance information.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2000: 3.6.2 Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
Reference:
STANAG 4671 1501
FAA Doc: Refer to technical point of EASA CS CS 23.1585
CS 29.1585
Comments: Cannot find any specific reference within the DEF-STAN 00-970 volumes which
describe the necessity for maintenance manuals to include emergency operating
procedures
8.1.7 Verify that the plumbing installation and component installations are safe for flight.

Comm'l Doc:
B.3.4.2.1.1/B4.4.2.1.1 Fluid Reference: 00-970 P1 6.11.37
Selection; B.3.4.2.1.2/4.4.2.1.2 00-970 P1 6.11.38
System fluid capacity;
00-970 P1 6.11.39
B.3.4.2.1.4/B.4.4.2.1.4 System

Pressure; 00-970 P1 6.11.40
B.3.4.2.1.5/B.4.4.2.1.5 00-970 P1 6.11.41
Pressure Control;
00-970 P1 6.11.44
B.3.4.2.1.14.1/B.4.4.2.1.14.1
Thermal Relief; 00-970 P1 6.11.46
B.3.4.2.1.15/B.4.4.2.1.15 Fire 00-970 P1 6.11.47
and Explosion Proofing; 00-970 P1 6.11.62
B.3.4.2.1.17/B.4.4.2.1.17
00-970 P1 6.11.63
Clearances,
M.3.4.13.2/M.4.4.13.3 00-970 P1 6.11.71
Pressure, 00-970 P1 6.11.75
M.3.4.13.4/M.4.4.13.4 Moisture 00-970 P1 6.12.26
Content, M.6.4 Component 00-970 P1 6.12.32
Information 00-970 P7 L703 7.3
00-970 P7 L704/0 10
STANAG 4671.1435(b)
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.1435 EASA CS CS 23.1435(b)
a1, a3, c1, c2, 25.1435 a2, a4, Reference: CS 23.1438(b)
a5 CS 25.1435(c)
CS 25.1436
CS 27.1435(b)
CS 29.1435(a)
8.1.8 Verify that the air vehicle hydraulic and pneumatic systems' size/power meets demand.

Comm'l Doc:
B.3.4.2/B.4.4.2 Hydraulic Reference: 00-970 P16.11.3
Power Subsystem; 00-970 P1 6.12.2
B.3.4.2.1.2/B.4.4.2.1.2 System
00-970 P7 L703 6.1
Fluid Capacity; and Appendix
STANAG 4671.1309(b)
M: M.3.4.13/M.4.4.13
Pneumatic Subsystems.
4671.1438
FAA Doc: Refer to technical point of EASA CS CS 23.1309(b)(1)
CS 25.1309(a)(1)
CS 25.1435
CS 25.1436
CS 27.1309(a)
CS 27.1435
CS 29.1309(a)
CS 29.1435
Comments: Performance?
8.1.9 Verify that undesirable pressure fluctuations are precluded from the system.

Comm'l Doc:
B.3.4.2.1.5/B.4.4.2.1.5 Reference: 00-970 P1 6.11.6
Pressure Control; 00-970 P1 6.11.11
B.3.4.2.1.5.1/B.4.4.2.1.5.1
00-970 P1 6.11.12
Peak Pressure; and
B.3.4.2.1.5.2/B.4.4.2.1.5.2 00-970 P1 6.12.20
Pressure Ripple; and Appendix 00-970 P1 6.12.21
M: M.3.4.13.2/M.4.4.13.2 00-970 P1 6.12.22
Pressure.
00-970 P7 L704 6.1
00-970 P7 L704/0 8.1.4
00-970 P7 L704/1 3.2
STANAG 4671.1435
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.1435 EASA CS CS 23.1435(b)(3)
a3, 25.1435 b2 Reference: CS 25.1435(a)
CS 25.1436(b)
Comments: No reference within CS 27 or CS 29 to capacity to handle pressure fluctuations /
transients.
8.1.10 Verify that methods and procedures exist for controlling and purging impurities from the hydraulic
and pneumatic systems and that the systems' level of contamination is acceptable.

Comm'l Doc:
Level Contamination 00-970 P1 6.11.28
Prevention;
00-970 P1 6.11.29
B.3.4.2.1.7/B.4.4.2.1.7 System
Air Removal; and 00-970 P1 6.11.30
B.3.4.2.1.8/B.4.4.2.1.8 00-970 P1 6.11.31
Moisture Removal; 00-970 P1 6.11.32
00-970 P1 6.11.33
Subsystem.
00-970 P7 L704 9.1
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Comments: Unable to find a relative reference to procedures and controls for purging impurities
from hydraulic systems within STANAG or Civil (EASA) documentation.
8.2. ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL SYSTEM (ECS).
8.2.1 Verify that the design incorporates system safety requirements of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.3.3, 4.3.3 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.12.3

Reference: 00-970 P1 6.12.4
00-970 P1 6.12.5
00-970 P1 6.12.14
STANAG 4671.1307(a)
4671.1485
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23 EASA CS CS 23.831
Miscellaneous & Cooling Reference: CS 23.1437
paragraphs CS 25.831
CS 25.832
CS 25.841 #
CS 25.1438
CS 27.831
CS 28.859
CS 29.831
CS 27.1309(b)
Comments: STANAG words very similar to 516B.
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required,
particularly as only relates to pressurisation
Terminology: Civil documentation does not mention ECS specifically, but does
mention ventilation and heating requirements.
23/25.1437 mentions safety of engine driven accessories essential for safe operation
(you could say air supply/environmental control touches on that?)
8.2.2 Verify that the ECS meets safety requirements when operating under installed conditions over the
design envelope and maintains integration integrity to ensure the weapon system’s SOF.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.3.6, 4.3.6 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6 6.12.14
JSSG-2001: 3.3.10, 3.3.10.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 6 6.12.15
00-970 P1 6 6.12.16
00-970 P1 6 6.12.17
00-970 P1 6 6.12.18
00-970 P1 6 6.12.19
STANAG 4671.1307(b)4671 1485
Reference:
CS 25.831
CS 25.832
CS 25.841 #
CS 25.1438
CS 27.831
CS 28.859
CS 29.831

Comments: STANAG words very similar to 516B.
particularly as only relates to pressurisation
STANAG text almost identical to MIL-HDBK-516B text
8.2.3 Verify the availability of alternate means of cooling of safety-critical avionics and sufficient cockpit
ventilation when the primary ECS is nonoperational.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix D: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.24.23
D.3.4.4.5.2/D.4.4.4.5.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 6.2.44
Occupied compartment 00-970 P1 6.2.45
emergency ventilation and
STANAG 4671.1307(c)
smoke removal;
D.3.4.4.5.3/D.4.4.4.5.3 Avionic Reference: 4671.1485#
equipment and equipment
compartment emergency
cooling
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.831, EASA CS CS 23.831#
25.831 Reference: CS 25.831#
CS 27.831#
CS 29.831#
Comments: STANAG words very similar to MIL-HDBK-516B.
particularly as only relates to cockpit ventilation
STANAG 4671 is referenced under assumption that the cooling is a "Incorporated

secondary/emergency systems capable of maintaining flight safety critical conditions"
STANAG 4671 841 is not referenced as it does not exist due to UAS nature of
platform.
8.2.4 Verify that normal and emergency pressurization requirements are met in the air vehicle and, as
appropriate, are indicated or monitored at the ground station to ensure SOF.

Comm'l Doc:
D.3.4.4.1, D.4.4.4.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 6.14.3
00-970 P1 6.14.12
STANAG 4671 841
Reference: 4671 843
4671 1795
4671.1307(e)
CS 23.843

CS 25.841
CS 25.843
There are no reciprocal requirements within CS 27 or CS 29 covering this paragraph
8.2.5 Verify that the effects of loss of some or all ECS functions on air vehicle safety, on air vehicle
performance, or on the safety and performance of other air vehicle systems are understood and
acceptable.

Comm'l Doc:
3.2.7.4.4, 3.2.7.6, 3.3.3, 4.2.4, Reference: 00-970 P1 6.12.2
4.2.5, 4.2.7.4.4, 4.2.7.6, 4.3.3; 00-970 P1 6.12.3
Appendix D: D.3.4.4.3,
00-970 P1 6.12.4
D.3.4.4.5, D.3.4.4.12,
D.4.4.3.3, D.4.4.4.5, 00-970 P1 6.12.5
D.4.4.4.12, STANAG 4671.1307(f)
D.3.4.4.5.2/D.4.4.4.5.2 Reference: 4671 U1485
Occupied compartment
smoke removal;
D.3.4.4.5.3/D.4.4.4.5.3 Avionic
equipment and equipment
compartment emergency
cooling;
D.3.4.4.12.2/D.4.4.4.12.2
Bleed air source shut off;
D.3.4.4.5.2/D.4.4.4.14.1 Proof
pressure;
D.3.4.4.14.2/D.4.4.4.14.2 Burst
pressure;
D.3.4.4.14.3/D.4.4.4.14.3
Rotating equipment structural
integrity
Comments: Very little information regarding loss of ECS functions
8.2.6 Verify that normal and emergency procedures are included in the flight manual and training
curriculum for the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Refer to technical point of Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
in section A.2) STANAG 4671.1307(g)
4671 U1485

CS 27.1581
CS 29.1581
Comments: Cannot find any specific reference within the DEF-STAN 00-970 volumes which
describe the normal and emergency procedures within the flight manual
8.2.7 Verify that adequate controls and displays for the ECS are installed in the crew station/ground
segment control station or other appropriate locations to allow the ECS to function as intended.

Comm'l Doc:
D.3.4.4.3/D.4.4.4.3 ECS crew Reference: 00-970 P7 L731 6.1
station interface STANAG 4671.1307(h)

Reference: CS 25.1309(c)
CS 27.1309(b)(3)
CS 29.1309(c)
CS 25.1436
8.2.8 Verify that the ECS meets the requirements for personnel atmosphere including adequate
crew/occupant ventilation and protective flight garment supply systems (oxygen equipment, pressure
suits, and anti-g garments or ventilation garments).

Comm'l Doc:
D.3.4.4.3, D.4.4.3.3, Reference:
D.3.4.4.5.4/D.4.4.4.5.4 ECS STANAG
Suit ventilation and 3198
pressurization Reference: 4671.1485
Reference:
Comments: CS 25.1436 is referenced with respect to indicating system pressure at flight crew
stations, assuming that ECS is defined as a pneumatic system
STANAG 4671 is chosen, with no complimentary section within CS 23
8.2.9 Verify that subsystems used for environmental protection (e.g., windshield rain/snow/ice removal,
ice protection and defog) provide for safe operation of the air vehicle in the specified environment.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4 4.24.6

D.3.4.4.8/D.4.4.4.8 Reference: 00-970 P1 13 1.5.1.1
Transparent area fog and frost STANAG 4671 1419
protection; D.3.4.4.9/D.4.4.4.9
Reference: 4671 U1485
Rain removal;
D.3.4.4.10/D.4.4.4.10
Transparency cleaning;
D.3.4.4.11/D.4.4.4.11 Ice
protection
25.1419, 23 Miscellaneous Reference: CS 25.1419
(Safe Operations Certification) CS 27.1419
CS 29.1419
Comments: The EASA and STANAG 1419 references only apply to de-icing environmental
protection, and do not discuss windshield, rain or snow.
8.2.10 Verify that the crewmember's breathing air is protected from contamination in all forms, including
oil leakage in the engine and nuclear-chemical-biological warfare conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
D.3.4.4.2.8/D.4.4.4.2.8 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.24.9
Occupied compartment flow 00-970 P1 4.24.10
shutoff; D.3.4.4.5.1/D.4.4.4.5.1
00-970 P1 4.24.11
Occupied compartment normal
ventilation; 00-970 P7 L731/3 2.4
D.3.4.4.5.2/D.4.4.4.5.2
Occupied compartment STANAG 3610
Reference:
smoke removal;
D.3.4.4.6.1/D.4.4.4.6.1
Occupied compartment;
D.3.4.4.6.3/D.4.4.4.6.3
Nuclear, biological, and
chemical contamination
23.1111, 25.832 Reference: CS 23.1109
CS 23.1111
CS 25.831
CS 25.832
Comments: STANAG 4671 831 is not applicable, as an unmanned vehicle.
8.2.11 Verify that the bleed air or other compressed air duct system is monitored for leaks and structural
integrity. Verify that hot air leaking from damaged ducting does not cause ignition of any flammable fluids
or other materials or cause damage to SOF items/CSIs.

Comm'l Doc:
D.3.4.4.12, D.4.4.4.12, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.24.37
D.3.4.4.12.8/D.4.4.4.12.8 00-970 P1 4.26.69

Bleed air leak detection STANAG 4671.1307(j)
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.8 Reference:
23.1111 Reference:
Comments: CS 23.1307 is not referenced as per the STANAG documentation.
8.2.12 Verify that bleed air shut-off provisions are available at, or as close as possible to, the bleed
source.

Comm'l Doc:
D.3.4.4.12.2/D.4.4.4.12.2 Reference:
Bleed source shut off; STANAG
D.3.4.4.12.3/D.4.4.4.12.3 4671 1307
Bleed distribution control; Reference:
D.3.4.4.12.4/D.4.4.4.12.4
Isolation and crossover control;
D.3.4.4.12.10/D.4.4.4.12.10
Uncontrolled bleed air
23.1111 Reference: CS 23.1111
CS 25.1103
CS 25.1438
8.2.13 Verify that pressurization rate control is available to preclude pressure surges in the cockpit.

Comm'l Doc:
D.3.4.4.1.1/D.4.4.4.1.1 Reference:
Occupied compartment STANAG
pressure schedule; 4671.841
D.3.4.4.1.4/D.4.4.4.1.4 Reference: 4671 1307
Compartment positive and
negative pressure relief;
D.3.4.4.1.5/D.4.4.4.1.5
pressure release;
D.3.4.4.1.6/D.4.4.4.1.6
leakage rate;
D.3.4.4.1.7/D.4.4.4.1.7
pressure source
23.843, 25.841, 25.843 Reference: CS 23.843*
CS 25.841
CS 25.843*
8.2.14 Verify that nuclear, biological, and chemical (NBC) equipment and/or procedures are provided for
protecting or maintaining ECS cooling air free from contaminants. DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009:
D.3.4.4.2.8/D.4.4.4.2.8 Occupied compartment flow shutoff; D.3.4.4.5.1/D.4.4.4.5.1 Occupied
compartment normal ventilation; D.3.4.4.5.2/D.4.4.4.5.2 Occupied compartment emergency ventilation
and smoke removal; D.3.4.4.6.1/D.4.4.4.6.1 Occupied compartment; D.3.4.4.6.3/D.4.4.4.6.3 Nuclear,
biological, and chemical contamination.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P7 L731/3 2.4
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Comments: The only reference that could be found with respect to NBC is within DEF-STAN
documentation, i.e. no NBC references within EASA or STANAG document
8.2.15 Verify that the air vehicle's thermal management system is stable for all flight conditions and
environments.

Comm'l Doc:
D.3.4.4.2, D.3.4.4.18, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.24.14 to 20
D.4.4.4.2, D.4.4.4.18 00-970 P1 4.24.40
JSSG-2001: 3.3.10, 3.3.10.1
STANAG 4671.1307(k)
Reference:
CS 27.833
CS 29.833
Comments: CS 25.831, CS 27.833 and CS 29.833 are all referenced with respect to
recommendation of approval of Combustion Heaters
8.2.16 Verify adequate smoke clearance is available to ensure safe operation with or without an
operational ECS.

Comm'l Doc:
D.3.4.4.5, D.4.4.4.5, Reference: 00-970 P7 L731/3 2.1
D.3.4.4.5.1/D.4.4.4.5.1 STANAG
Occupied compartment normal Nil
ventilation; Reference:
D.3.4.4.5.2/D.4.4.4.5.2
smoke removal
FAR 21.183; FAR 21.189; FAR

23.1041, 23.1043-1045,
23.1047; FAR 25.1041
Powerplant
Cooling; FAR 25.961 Fuel
System Hot Weather Operation
Comments: Smoke Evacuation methods are not detailed within CS 27 or CS 29
Smoke clearance is also not mentioned within STANAG 4671
8.2.17 Verify that all surface touch temperatures remain within required limits to preclude any operational
limitations to safety of flight operations of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
D.3.4.4.4, D.4.4.4.4 Surface Reference: 00-970 P7 L731 4.4
touch temperatures STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Comments: There is no text within the EASA and STANAG documentation relating to the surface
touch temperatures within required limits.
8.3. FUEL SYSTEM.
(Refuel, defuel, feed, transfer, pressurization, vent, quantity gauging, dump, and inerting, including
external and auxiliary fuel systems (tanks, plumbing, and pumps))
8.3.1 Verify that the fuel system is safely compatible with other system interfaces.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.4.4.1/4.4.4.1; Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 5.2.4
Appendix E: E.3.4.5.1.1, Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.17
E.4.4.5.1.1, E.3.4.5.1.2, STANAG
E.4.4.5.1.2, E.3.4.5.1.3, 4671 953
E.4.4.5.1.3, E.3.4.5.1.3.11, Reference: 4671 993
E.4.4.5.1.3.11, E.3.4.5.2.1, 4671 994
E.4.4.5.2.1, E.3.4.5.2.2, 4671 995
E.4.4.5.2.2, E.3.4.5.3,
E.4.4.5.3
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.951- EASA CS CS 29.957*
23.979, 23.991-23.1001, Reference: CS 29.959*
25.951-25.981, 25.991- CS 29.961*
25.1001
CS 29.965*
CS 29.967*

CS 29.969*
CS 29.971*
CS 29.973*
CS 29.975*
CS 29.977*
CS 29.979*
CS 29.991*
CS 29.993
CS 29.995*
CS 29.997*
CS 29.999*
CS 29.1001*
8.3.1.1 Verify that all components, either individually or as part of a subsystem, have passed all safety-
related qualification tests (e.g., proof, burst, vibration, containment, over-speed, acceleration, explosive
atmosphere, pressure cycling, and temperature cycling as required for airworthy performance). (For Navy
and Marine Corps use only, verify external fuel tanks survive without rupture after fragment impact, forced
ejection, overpressure following ignition of fuel vapours, and are fire resistant.)

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.18
00-970 P1 5.2.19
00-970 P1 5.2.20
00-970 P1 5.2.21
00-970 P1 5.2.22
00-970 P1 5.2.37
STANAG 4671 951
Reference: 4671 963
4671 965
CS 25.963
CS 25.965
CS 27.963
CS 27.965
CS 29.963
CS 29.965
8.3.1.2 Verify that adequate crew station information is available to notify the flight crew of the system

Comm'l Doc:

Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.146
00-970 P1 5.2.147
00-970 P7 L702 29.1
STANAG 1553
Reference: 4671 U1725

CS 23.979
CS 23.1553
CS 25.979
CS 25.1553
CS 27.1553
CS 29.1553
Comments: EASA and STANAG 4671 reference 1553 refer to Fuel Quantity indicators, which
often provide crew with fuel system operating conditions
8.3.2 Verify that the fuel system functions under all probable conditions with the approved fuels.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix E: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 5.2.3
E.3.4.5.1.1, E.4.4.5.1.1, Reference: 00-970 P7 L702 2.1
E.3.4.5.1.2, E.4.4.5.1.2, STANAG
E.3.4.5.1.3, E.4.4.5.1.3, 4671 951
E.3.4.5.1.4, E.4.4.5.1.4, Reference: 4671 954*
E.3.4.5.2.1, E.4.4.5.2.1, 4671 955*
E.3.4.5.2.2, E.4.4.5.2.2 4671 957*
4671 959*
4671 961*
4671 963*
4671 965*
4671 967*
4671 969*
4671 971*
4671 973*
4671 975*
4671 977*
4671 979*
4671 991*
4671 993*
4671 994*
4671 995*
4671 997*
4671 999*
4671 1001*
23.979, 23.991-23.1001, Reference: CS 29.955*
25.951-25.981, 25.991- CS 29.957*

25.1001 CS 29.959*
AC 20-29 CS 29.961*
CS 29.963*
CS 29.965*
CS 29.967*
CS 29.969*
CS 29.971*
CS 29.973*
CS 29.975*
CS 29.977*
CS 29.979*
CS 29.991*
CS 29.993*
CS 29.995*
CS 29.997*
CS 29.999*
CS 29.1001*
Only EASA and STANAG reference 951 is truly relevant with regards to fuel system
function under all probable operating conditions.
Only DEF-STAN documentation discuss approved fuels
8.3.3 Verify that all fuel system critical failure modes and hazards have acceptable risk levels.

Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.1.12, E.4.4.5.1.12 Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.17
00-970 P1 5.2.18
00-970 P1 5.2.19
00-970 P1 5.2.20
STANAG 4671 951

Reference: 4671 953
4671 955
23.979, 23.991-23.1001, Reference: CS 29.955*
25.951-25.981, 25.991- CS 29.957*
25.1001
CS 29.959*
CS 29.961*
CS 29.963
CS 29.965*
CS 29.967*
CS 29.969*
CS 29.971*
CS 29.973*

CS 29.975*
CS 29.977*
CS 29.979*
CS 29.991
CS 29.993*
CS 29.995*
CS 29.997*
CS 29.999*
CS 29.1001*
Comments: The reference text states that critical failure modes are identified, but does not specify
that acceptable risk levels are or are met.
8.3.4 Verify the safe installation of the fuel system and components.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.3.3.1, 4.3.3.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 5.2.30
3.3.8, 4.3.8 Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.37
00-970 P1 5.2.43 to 53
STANAG 4671 951
Reference: 4671.963
4671.993
23.993, 23.994, 25.963, Reference: CS 23.993
25.993, 25.994 CS 23.994*
CS 25.963
CS 25.993
CS 25.994*
CS 27.963
CS 27.993
CS 29.963
CS 29.993
8.3.5 Verify that the plumbing and components in the fuel system (as completely assembled and installed
within the air vehicle) can withstand exposure to the specified proof pressure limit for the subsystem
without resulting in fuel leakage, critical system performance degradation or critical life limited durability.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix E: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P15.2.40
E.3.4.5.1.5, E.4.4.5.1.5, Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.55
E.3.4.5.1.6, E.4.4.5.1.6, 00-970 P1 5.3.96
E.3.4.5.1.7, E.4.4.5.1.7,
00-970 P1 5.2.152
E.3.4.5.1.8, E.4.4.5.1.8,
E.3.4.5.6.1, E.4.4.5.6.1 STANAG 4671.963
Reference: 4671.965
4671.993

CS 23.993
CS 25.963
CS 25.965
CS 25.993
CS 27.963
CS 27.965
CS 27.993
CS 29.963
CS 29.965
CS 29.993
8.3.6 Verify that the fuel feed system provides a continuous supply of fuel to the engine at sufficient
pressure throughout the flight and ground operation envelopes, including starting and all flight
manoeuvres.

Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.2.1, E.4.4.5.2.1, Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.24
E.3.4.5.2.2, E.4.4.5.2.2, 00-970 P1 5.2.116
E.3.4.5.2.4, E.4.4.5.2.4,
00-970 P2 5.2.216
E.3.4.5.2.5, E.4.4.5.2.5
00-970 P7 L702 2.1
STANAG 4671.951(a)
Reference: 4671.953
4671.955(a)
4671.959
23.953, 23.955, 23.959, Reference: CS 23.955
25.951, 25.953, 25.955, 25.959 CS 23.959
CS 25.951
CS 25.953
CS 25.955
CS 25.959
CS 27.951
CS 27.953
CS 27.955
CS 27.959
CS 29.951
CS 29.953
CS 29.955
CS 29.959
8.3.7 Verify that fuel transfer flow rates meet the operational ground and flight envelope requirements.

Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.2.3, E.4.4.5.2.3, Reference: 00-970 P7 L702 5.1
E.3.4.5.4, E.4.4.5.4, STANAG
E.3.4.5.4.1, E.4.4.5.4.1 4671.951
Reference: 4671.953
4671.955
23.952, 23.953, 23.955, Reference: CS 23.953
23.961, 25.951, 25.952, CS 23.955
25.953, 25.955, 25.961
CS 23.961*
CS 25.951
CS 25.952
CS 25.953
CS 25.955
CS 25.961*
CS 27.951
CS 27.955
CS 27.961
CS 29.951
CS 29.952
CS 29.953
CS 29.955
CS 29.961
CS 23.952 does not exist but is included in read across from 14CFR references
(Neither does it exist within 14CFR Part 23)
CS 23.961 exists but is not relevant
8.3.8 Verify that the air vehicle centre-of-gravity limits are not exceeded during all fuel system and air
vehicle functions, including release of stores, aerial refuelling (if applicable), fuel transfer, fuel dumping
operations, wing sweep operations, catapult launches, arrested landings, and engine feed.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix E: Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
E.3.4.5.5, E.4.4.5.5 Reference:
STANAG 4671 23
Reference:
25.1001 Reference: CS 25.961
CS 25.1001*
CS 27.952
CS 29.952

Reference 1001 is included, but does while it relates to fuel jettison, there is no
discussion of the effects upon aircraft Centre of Gravity
There is no STANAG 4671 reference or any relative CS 23 reference to Fuel System

Centre of Gravity
There is no DEF-STAN 00-970 information within the requirements except for

Paragraph 2.9 of Leaflet 9 within DEF-STAN 00-970 Part 1 Section 5.
8.3.9 Verify that the fuel system is designed to prevent pressures from exceeding the system's proof
pressure limits (both minimum and maximum) during refuelling (aerial and ground), defueling, transfer,
fuel feed, fuel dump operations and engine feed.

Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.1.7, E.4.4.5.1.7, Reference:
E.3.4.5.1.8, E.4.4.5.1.8, STANAG
E.3.4.5.8, E.4.4.5.8 4671 955
Reference: 4671.979
23.979, 25.963, 25.979 Reference: CS 23.979
CS 25.963
CS 25.979
CS 27.955
CS 29.955
8.3.10 Verify that the flight and maintenance manuals include normal and emergency operating
procedures, limitations, restrictions, servicing, and maintenance information.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.2.6, 4.2.6; Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 5.2.11
Appendix E, E.3.4.5.6.8, Reference:
E.4.4.5.6.8 STANAG 4671.1581
4671.1585
Reference: CS 23.973*
CS 23.977
CS 23.997
CS 25.971
CS 25.973*
CS 25.977
CS 25.997
CS 27.971
CS 27.973*

CS 27.977
CS 27.997
CS 29.971
CS 29.973*
CS 29.977
CS 29.997
8.3.11 Verify that the design and procedures are adequate for controlling and purging impurities from the
fuel system and that the fuel system's level of contamination is acceptable at all times.

Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.6.2, E.4.4.5.6.2, Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.115
E.3.4.5.6.3, E.4.4.5.6.3, 00-970 P7 L702 25.2
E.3.4.5.1.3, E.4.4.5.1.3
MIL-F-8615
STANAG 4671.971
Reference: 4671.977
4671.997
23.973, 23.977, 23.997, Reference: CS 23.973*
25.971, 25.973, 25.977, 25.997 CS 23.977
AC 20-119
CS 23.997
CS 25.971
CS 25.973*
CS 25.977
CS 25.997
CS 27.971
CS 27.973*
CS 27.977
CS 27.997
CS 29.971
CS 29.973*
CS 29.977
CS 29.997
8.3.12 Verify that the system is designed to withstand the hazards associated with lightning, static
electricity, fuel leaks, and the introduction of electrical power into fuel tanks.

Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.1.9, E.4.4.5.1.9, Reference: 00-970 P7 L702 4.1
E.3.4.5.1.11, E.4.4.5.1.11, STANAG
E.3.4.5.7, E.4.4.5.7, 4671.863
E.3.4.5.8.12, E.4.4.5.8.12 Reference: 4671.867
4671.954
4671.975

23.954, 23.971, 23.975, Reference: CS 23.954
25.863, 25.954, 25.971, CS 23.971*
25.975, 25.981
CS 23.975
AC 20-53A, AC 25.981-2, AC
CS 25.863
25.981-1B, AC 25-16
CS 25.954
CS 27.863
CS 27.954
CS 27.975
CS 29.863
CS 29.954
CS 29.975
8.3.12.1 Verify that the fuel system is designed and arranged to prevent the ignition of fuel vapour within
the system.

Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.1.9, E.4.4.5.1.9, Reference:
E3.4.5.1.11 & E4.4.5.1.11; STANAG
Appendix G: 3.4.7, G4.4.7 4671.863
Reference: 4671.954
4671.975
4671.967(b)
23.975, 25.954, 25.975, 25.981 Reference: CS 23.975
AC 20-53A, AC 25-16, AC CS 25.954
25.981-1B, AC 25.981-2 CS 25.975
CS 25.981
CS 27.954
CS 27.975
CS 29.954
CS 29.975
8.3.12.2 Verify that secondary fuel and vapour tight barriers is provided between fuel tanks, fire hazard
areas, and inhabited areas.

Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.6.11, E.4.4.5.6.11 Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.47???
STANAG 4671.863
Reference: 4671.967
23.967, 23.1185, 25.863, Reference: CS 23.967
25.967, 25.1185, 25.981

AC 25-981-2, AC 25-981-1B CS 25.863
CS 25.967
CS 25.981
CS 25.1185
CS 27.863
CS 27.967
CS 27.1185
CS 29.863
CS 29.967
Comments: 23.1185 doesn't exist
8.3.12.3 Verify that drainage provisions are provided to remove all normal and accidental fuel leakage to
a safe location outside of the air vehicle.
Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.6.2, E.4.4.5.6.2, Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.89
E.3.4.5.1.10, E.4.4.5.1.10
STANAG 4671 967
Reference: 4671 977
4671 997
4671 999
23,997, 23.999, 25.977, Reference: CS 23.997
25.997, 25.999 CS 23.999
CS 25.977
CS 25.997
CS 25.999
CS 27.977
CS 27.997
CS 27.999
CS 29.977
CS 29.997
CS 29.999
8.3.12.4 Verify that fuel jettison, fuel venting, fuel leaks, or fuel spills can not be ingested by the engine,
flow into hazardous ignition areas, onto the environmental management system, or become reingested
into the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.2.6, E.4.4.5.2.6 Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.127
00-970 P1 5.2.128
00-970 P1 5.2.129
00-970 P7 L702 27.8
STANAG 4671.999

Reference: 4671.1001(c)
23.999, 23.1001, 25.971, Reference: CS 23.999
25.999, 25.1001 CS 23.1001*
CS 25.971*
CS 25.999
CS 25.1001
CS 27.999
CS 29.999
CS 29.1001
8.3.13 Verify that fuel tanks are capable of withstanding, without failure, the vibration, inertia, fluid, and
structural loads that they may be subject to in operation.

Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.6, E.4.4.5.6, Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.152
E.3.4.5.6.13, E.4.4.5.6.13 00-970 P7 L702 11.2
STANAG 4671.963(a)
Reference: 4671.965
4671.993
23.965, 23.993, 25.963, Reference: CS 23.965
25.965, 25.993 CS 23.993
AC 25.963-1
CS 25.963
CS 25.965
CS 25.993
CS 27.963
CS 27.965
CS 27.993
CS 29.963
CS 29.965
CS 29.993
Comments: Same words as MIL-HDBK-516B
8.3.14 Verify that tank pressure does not exceed tank structural limits due to a single failure under normal
operation.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.2.9.1, 4.2.9.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 5.2.37
and Appendix E: E.3.4.5.1.7, Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.40
E.4.4.5.1.7, E.3.4.5.1.8,

E.4.4.5.1.8, E.3.4.5.1.12, 00-970 P7 L702 13.1
E.4.4.5.1.12 STANAG 4671.965(a)
Reference:
23.963, 23.965, 25.957, Reference: CS 23.963*
25.963, 25.965 CS 23.965
AC 25.963-1
CS 25.957*
CS 25.963
CS 25.965
CS 27.965
CS 29.965
Only EASA references 965 (and 963 for CS 25) provide relevant information with
respect to tank pressure, structural limits and failure under normal operations
8.3.15 Verify that the air vehicle can be safely refuelled and defuelled.

Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.1.12, E.4.4.5.1.12, Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.175
E.3.4.5.8.1, E.4.4.5.8.1, 00-970 P1 5.2.187
E.3.4.5.8.4, E.4.4.5.8.4,
00-970 P1 5.2.188
E.3.4.5.8.5, E.4.4.5.8.5,
E.3.4.5.8.6, E.4.4.5.8.6, 00-970 P1 5.2.213
E.3.4.5.8.7, E.4.4.5.8.7, 00-970 P1 5.2.214
E.3.4.5.8.8, E.4.4.5.8.8 00-970 P7 L701/3 2.2
STANAG 4671 23.863
Reference: 4671 23.973
4671 23.975
4671 23.977
4671 23.979
23.973, 23.975, 23.979, Reference: CS 23.973*
25.863, 25.973, 25.975, 25.979 CS 23.975*
CS 23.977*
CS 23.979
CS 25.863*
CS 25.973*
CS 25.975*
CS 25.977*
CS 25.979
CS 27.863*
CS 27.973*
CS 27.975*
CS 27.977*
CS 27.979

CS 29.863*
CS 29.973*
CS 29.975*
CS 29.977*
CS 29.979
8.3.16 Verify that the fuel system has been designed to prevent fuel spills during refuel operations.

Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.1.12, E.4.4.5.1.12, Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.164
E.3.4.5.6.1, E.4.4.5.6.1, 00-970 P1 5.2.179
E.3.4.5.8.1, E.4.4.5.8.1,
E.3.4.5.8.11, E.4.4.5.8.11,
E.3.4.5.8.14, E.4.4.5.8.14, STANAG 4671 23.973
E.3.4.5.9, E.4.4.5.9 Reference:
23.975, 25.969, 25.975 Reference: CS 23.973
CS 23.975*
CS 23.979
CS 25.969*
CS 25.973
CS 25.975*
CS 25.979
CS 27.969*
CS 27.973
CS 27.975
CS 27.979
CS 29.969*
CS 29.973
CS 29.975*
Please note also that CS 29.979 does not exist
8.3.17 Verify that adequate controls and displays for the fuel system functions are provided for the
appropriate crewmember(s) to indicate the necessary fuel system functions and warn of hazardous
conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
E.3.4.5.1.12, E.4.4.5.1.12, Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.110
E.3.4.5.8.11, E.4.4.5.8.11, 00-970 P1 5.2.115
E.3.4.5.12, E.4.4.5.12,
00-970 P1 5.2.121
E.3.4.5.12.1, E.4.4.5.12.1,
E.3.4.5.12.2, E.4.4.5.12.2, 00-970 P1 5.2.133

E.3.4.5.12.3, E.4.4.5.12.3, 00-970 P1 5.2.138
E.3.4.5.12.4, E.4.4.5.12.4, 00-970 P1 5.2.139
E.3.4.5.12.5, E.4.4.5.12.5
00-970 P1 5.2.143
00-970 P1 5.2.144
00-970 P1 5.2.146
00-970 P1 5.2.147
00-970 P1 5.2.148
STANAG 4671 963
4671 1727
4671 1729
CS 23.991
CS 23.1311
CS 25.979
CS 25.1305
CS 27.1305
CS 29.979
CS 29.1305
8.3.18 Verify that built-in-test (BIT) and fault isolation provisions are available to ensure safe fuel system
operations.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.2.9, 4.2.9 and Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 5.2.154
Appendix E: E.3.4.5.8.11, Reference:
E.4.4.5.8.11, E.3.4.5.12.5, STANAG
E.4.4.5.12.5 4671 965
Reference: 4671 979
CS 25.965
CS 25.979
CS 27.965
CS 29.965
CS 29.979
8.3.19 Verify that jettisoned fuel does not impinge on air vehicle surfaces or become re-ingested into the
air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671.1001(c)

Reference:
Reference:
Comments: No equivalent text found within European Standards.
8.4. FIRE AND HAZARD PROTECTION.
Includes prevention, detection, and extinguishing and explosion suppression provisions.
8.4.1 Verify that the fire protection system safely integrates within the air vehicle, both physically and
functionally.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix G: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.26.2
G.3.4.7, G.4.4.7, G.3.4.7.1, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.11
G.4.4.7.1, G.3.4.7.2, G.4.4.7.2, 00-970 P1 4.26.24
G.3.4.7.29, G.4.4.7.29
00-970 P1 4.26.60
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.7, 2.12,
00-970 P1 5.2.204
2.13, 2.16, 2.17
STANAG 4671 850
Reference: 4671 863
4671 865
4671 1189
4671 1191
4671 1203
4671 1309
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 27.859
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 27.861
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 27.863
CS 27.1189
CS 27.1195
CS 29.851
CS 29.853
CS 29.855
CS 29.859
CS 29.861
CS 29.863
CS 29.865
CS 29.1189
CS 29.1191
CS 29.1195
CS 29.1197
CS 29.1199
CS 29.1201
CS 29.1203

8.4.1.1 Verify that any single-point failure conditions are identified and their consequences of failure are
acceptable, eliminated or mitigated.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671 1309
Reference:
CS 27.855
CS 29.855
Comments: There does not appear to be verification that single point failure conditions for fire
systems are identified within STANAG 4671 since 4671 853 and 855 are not
applicable.
8.4.1.2 Verify that all components, either individually or as part of a subsystem, have passed all safety-
related qualification tests (e.g., proof, burst, vibration, containment, over-speed, acceleration, explosive
atmosphere, pressure cycling, and temperature cycling as required for airworthy performance).

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.24
00-970 P1 4.26.33
STANAG 4671 1309

FAA Doc: EASA CS CS 23.853(d)(3)
CS 23.1203(d)
CS 25.858(c)
CS 25.1203(b)
CS 27.863(c)
CS 29.853(a)(1)
CS 29.863(c)
CS 29.1203(d)
8.4.1.3 Verify that adequate crew station information is available to notify the flight crew of the system

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671 1309
CS 27.1195
CS 29.1203
8.4.2 Verify that each component of the air vehicle is properly zoned according to the fire and explosion
hazards and that protection is provided to counter the hazards such that no fire or explosion hazards exist
under normal operating conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7, G.4.4.7 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.5
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.11 00-970 P1 4.26.6
00-970 P1 4.26.11
00-970 P1 4.26.22
00-970 P7 L712 2.1
STANAG 4671.865
4671.1203
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.1193
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1195
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1411*
CS 27.859
CS 29.859
CS 29.1181
CS 29.1185
CS 29.1187
CS 29.1189
CS 29.1193
CS 29.1194
CS 29.1195
CS 29.1203
8.4.3 Verify that the design of subsystems other than fire protection have taken into consideration any
potential for fire hazards.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.1, G.4.4.7.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.8
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.1, 2.2.1.2, 00-970 P1 4.26.10
2.2.1.4, 2.2.1.5, 2.2.1.6, 00-970 P1 4.26.14
2.2.1.7, 2.2.1.8, 2.2.2 through 00-970 P1 4.26.16
2.2.9, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7.3, 2.7.11, 00-970 P1 4.26.18
2.7.13, 2.10.2 though 2.10.8 00-970 P1 4.26.19
00-970 P1 4.26.41
00-970 P1 4.26.46
00-970 P1 4.26.48
00-970 P1 4.26.53
00-970 P1 4.26.54
00-970 P1 4.26.56
00-970 P1 4.26.61
00-970 P1 4.26.63 to 81
STANAG 4671 850
Reference: 4671 863
4671 865
4671 1181
4671 1183
4671 1192
4671 1193
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 27.863
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 27.863
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 27.1183
CS 27.1185
CS 27.1187
CS 27.1193
CS 27.1194
CS 29.853
CS 29.855
CS 29.859
CS 29.861
CS 29.863
CS 29.903
CS 29.952
CS 29.1183
CS 29.1185
CS 29.1187
CS 29.1193
CS 29.1194
8.4.3.1 Verify that, in areas where a fluid system might leak flammable fluids or vapours, there is a means
to minimize the probability of ignition of the fluids and vapours and to minimize the resultant hazards if
ignition does occur.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.3, G.4.4.7.3, G.3.4.7.6, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.32
G.4.4.7.6 00-970 P7 L712 2.4
STANAG 4671.863(a)
Reference:
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.869*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1181*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1182*
CS 25.1183*
CS 25.1185*
CS 25.1187
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1411*
CS 27.863
CS 29.863
8.4.3.2 Verify that provisions exist for air vehicle safety-critical components to withstand fire and heat to a
predetermined safe level.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.6, G.4.4.7.6, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.3
G.3.4.7.21, G.4.4.7.21 00-970 P7 L712 2.5
STANAG 4671 850
Reference: 4671.863
4671.1183
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.867*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.869*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1181*

CS 25.1182*
CS 25.1183*
CS 25.1185*
CS 25.1187*
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1411*
CS 27.863
CS 29.863
CS25J1203(e)
8.4.4 Verify that provisions for drainage and ventilation of combustible fluids or vapours are adequate to
preclude the occurrence of fire or explosion hazards.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.3, G.4.4.7.3, G.3.4.7.4, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.20
G.4.4.7.4, G.3.4.7.5, G.4.4.7.5, 00-970 P1 4.26.35
G.3.4.7.18, G.4.4.7.18
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.4
STANAG 4671 863
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.1183
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1185*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1187
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1411*
CS 27.859
CS 25.1183
CS 27.1187
CS 29.859

CS 29.1183
CS 29.1187
8.4.4.1 Verify that drainage and ventilation provisions are located so that combustibles are removed from
the air vehicle to a safe location on the ground and can not re-enter the air vehicle in flight or ground
operations.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.3, G.4.4.7.3, G.3.4.7.4, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.20
G.4.4.7.4, G.3.4.7.17, 00-970 P1 4.26.35
G.4.4.7.17, G.3.4.7.18,
00-970 P1 4.26.36
G.4.4.7.18, G.3.4.7.22,
G.4.4.7.22
STANAG 4671 999
4671.1193#
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.1183
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1185*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1187
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193* #
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1411*
CS 27.859
CS 27.1183
CS 27.1187
CS 29.859
CS 29.1183
CS 29.1187
8.4.5 Verify that drains and vents from areas that might carry flammable fluids are not manifolded with
drains from areas that do not carry a potentially flammable fluid.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.3, G.4.4.7.3, G.3.4.7.5,

G.4.4.7.5 Reference:
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.4.5 STANAG 4671.1193
Reference:
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.1181*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1182*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1183*
CS 25.1185*
CS 25.1187
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193 #
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1411*
CS 27.1187
CS 27.1193
CS 29.1187
CS 29.1193
8.4.6 Verify that engine nacelle cooling and ventilation provisions are adequate to provide required heat
rejection and maintain nacelle conditions necessary to avoid both hot surface ignition sources and
collection of flammable fluids or vapours.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix G: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.26.39#
G.3.4.7.4, G.4.4.7.4, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.40
G.3.4.7.18, G.4.4.7.18 STANAG
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.11.2.4, Nil
Reference:
2.11.2.5
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.865*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.867*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.869*
CS 25.1181*
CS 25.1182 #
CS 25.1183*
CS 25.1185*
CS 25.1187

CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1411*
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - does

not reference nacelle cooling specifically, but describes temperatures not to exceed
for nacelle
No mention of nacelle cooling within CS 27 or CS 29.
STANAG 4671 118 is non applicable
8.4.7 Verify that all potential fire zones (e.g. engine, auxiliary power unit (APU) and other compartments,
such as engine-driven airframe accessory area) are designated as such and that suitable fire warnings
and protection are provided.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.19, G.4.4.7.19, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.11
G.3.4.7.20, G.4.4.7.20, 00-970 P7 L712 2.1
G.3.4.7.24, G.4.4.7.24,
G.3.4.7.27, G.4.4.7.27 STANAG 4671.1181
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.12, 2.13 (All Reference: 4671.865
except any reference to
Halon), 2.17
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.1181
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1182*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1183*
CS 25.1185*
CS 25.1187
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*

CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1411*
CS 27.861
CS 29.861
CS 29.1181
STANAG 4671 865 is not applicable
8.4.8 Verify that essential flight controls, engine mounts, and other flight structures located in designated
fire zones or adjacent areas are qualified to withstand the effects of fire.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.20, G.4.4.7.20, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.16,
G.3.4.7.21, G.4.4.7.21 00-970 P1 4.26.39
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.7.4
00-970 P7 L712 2.6
STANAG 4671.850
Reference: 4671.863(b)(5)
4671.865
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.869*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1181*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1182*
CS 25.1183*
CS 25.1185*
CS 25.1187
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1411*
CS 27.861
CS 29.861
8.4.9 Verify that each electrically powered fire protection subsystem (e.g., fire detection, extinguishing,
and explosion suppression) is provided power at all times during air vehicle operations, including engine
start and battery operations.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.10, G.4.4.7.10 Reference:
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.12, 2.13 STANAG 4671 850
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.1181*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1182*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1183*
CS 25.1185*
CS 25.1187
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1310
CS 25.1411*
CS 29.1309
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - does

not reference power provision at all times but describes that the effectiveness of the
system must be shown for all operating conditions.
No relative reference could be found within CS 27.
8.4.10 Verify that the air vehicle explosion suppression system meets performance requirements for fire
and hazard protection.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.8, G.4.4.7.8, G.3.4.7.9, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.65
G.4.4.7.9, G.3.4.7.26, 00-970 P1 4.26.72
G.4.4.7.26, G.3.4.7.27,
00-970 P1 4.26.73
G.4.4.7.27, G.3.4.7.28,
G.4.4.7.28 00-970 P1 4.26.25
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.17 00-970 P7 L712 14.5
STANAG 4671 865
Reference:
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.863*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.865*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411

CS 25.867*
CS 25.869*
CS 25.1181*
CS 25.1182*
CS 25.1183*
CS 25.1185*
CS 25.1187
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1310
CS 25.1411*
No explosive suppression systems can be found within EASA documentation, let

alone their performance verified against fire and hazard protection performance
requirements.
8.4.11 Verify that the fire detection system is designed to preclude false warnings.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.9, G.4.4.7.9, Reference:
G.3.4.7.10, G.4.4.7.10, STANAG
G.3.4.7.11, G.4.4.7.11, 4671.1203(e)
G.3.4.7.12, G.4.4.7.12, Reference:
G.3.4.7.13, G.4.4.7.13,
G.3.4.7.14, G.4.4.7.14,
G.3.4.7.15, G.4.4.7.15
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.865*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.867*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.869*
CS 25.1181*
CS 25.1182*
CS 25.1183*
CS 25.1185*
CS 25.1187
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*

CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1310
CS 25.1411*
CS 29.1203
there is no corresponding relevant reference within CS 27 for false warning detection

within the fire system
8.4.12 Verify the performance of the fire suppression system.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix G: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.26.24 to 30
G.3.4.7.24, G.4.4.7.24, Reference: 00-970 P7 L712 3.13.1
G.3.4.7.25, G.4.4.7.25, STANAG
G.3.4.7.26, G.4.4.7.26 4671.1195 to 1203
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.12 Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.851- EASA CS CS 23.851 to 865
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 23.1195 to 1203
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.851 to 869
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1195 to 1207
CS 27.853 to 863
CS 27.1195
CS 29.851 to 863
CS 29.1195 to 1203
8.4.13 Verify that fireproof protective devices are provided to isolate a fire within a defined fire zone from
any portion of the air vehicle where a fire could create a hazard.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.20, G.4.4.7.20 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.6
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.7.8, 2.11 00-970 P1 4.26.22
STANAG 4671.1191
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.1183*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1185*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1187
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191
CS 25.1193*

CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1310*
CS 25.1411*
CS 27.1191
CS 29.1191
CS 29.1203
8.4.14 Verify that air vehicle interior finishes and materials deter combustion and that any toxic by-
products of combustion are at acceptable levels.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.7, G.4.4.7.7, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.75
G.3.4.7.22, G.4.4.7.22 00-970 P1 4.26.76
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.7.9
STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.1183*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1185*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1187*
AC 25.853-1, AC 25.869-1
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1310*
CS 25.1411*
CS 27.853
CS 27.855
CS 29.853
CS 29.855
STANAG 4671 does not refer to air vehicle interior finishes and materials since this is
an unmanned vehicle specification
8.4.15 Verify that hazardous quantities of smoke, flames, or extinguishing agents are prevented from
entering inhabited areas, UAS/ROA control station, or UAS/ROA flight-critical sensor bays.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.22, G.4.4.7.22 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.24.10
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.4.2, 2.19 00-970 P1 4.26.47
STANAG 4671 1191
Reference: 4671 1703 #

23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.1182*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1183*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1185*
AC 25-9
CS 25.1187*
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1310*
CS 25.1411*
CS 27.831
CS 29.831
CS 29.1197
within STANAG 4671 both 831 and 1197 are not applicable, however, 4671 1703
relates to safe crew work place conditions within the control station
Also note that there is no CS 27.1197 reference as opposed to other CS

documentation
8.4.16 Verify that proper separation is provided between oxidizers and flammable fluid systems or
electrical components.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.16, G.4.4.7.16, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.42
G.3.4.7.17, G.4.4.7.17 00-970 P1 4.26.43
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.7.2, 2.7.10,
00-970 P1 4.26.44

2.10.4.2, 2.10.2.1 00-970 P1 4.26.45
STANAG 4671 1191
Reference:
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.869 #
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1181*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1182*
CS 25.1183*
CS 25.1185*
CS 25.1187*
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1310*
CS 25.1411*
CS 25.1707
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required -

assume that vacuum system applies for oxidizer and oxygen system
STANAG 4671 1451 is not applicable as no oxygen system on board UAS.
8.4.17 Verify that provisions are available to shut off flammable fluids and de-energize all electrical
ignition sources in the identified fire zone(s) for all mission phases including ground operations.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.17, G.4.4.7.17, Reference:
G.3.4.7.19, G.4.4.7.19 MIL- STANAG
HDBK-221: 2.1.1.5, 2.2.6, 4671.863(b)(4)
2.4.8, 2.11.1.4, 2.11.2.7 Reference: 4671.1189(a)(1)
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.1185*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1187*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1189
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*

CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1310*
CS 25.1411*
CS 25.1707
CS 27.863
CS 27.1189
CS 29.863
CS 29.1189
8.4.18 Verify that ground fire fighting access provisions are compatible with standard ground fire fighting
systems and that fire suppression can be accomplished through this access provision.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix G: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.26.87 #
G.3.4.7.7, G.4.4.7.7, Reference:
G.3.4.7.13, G.4.4.7.13, STANAG
G.3.4.7.31, G.4.4.7.31 Nil
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.11.2.10, Reference:
2.11.3.6
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.869*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1181*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1182*
AC 20-42C
CS 25.1183*
CS 25.1185*
CS 25.1187*
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203*
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1310*
CS 25.1411*
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - this

reference relates to the fire system operating on the ground, rather than interfacing
with a ground fire fighting system
Other Reference documentation cannot be found with respect to ground fire fighting

systems
8.4.19 Verify that the air vehicle provides safety features for post-crash fire and explosion hazards.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.7, G.4.4.7.7 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.22.57
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.7.3.2, 2.15 00-970 P1 4.26.29
00-970 P1 8.4.19
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.851- EASA CS Nil
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference:
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181-
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
AC 25-17, AC 25.994.1
No EASA or STANAG information could be found with respect to safety features for
post crash fire and or explosion.
8.4.20 Verify that the air vehicle has provisions to detect and control overheat conditions that are potential
fire and explosion hazards.

Comm'l Doc:
G.3.4.7.23, G.4.4.7.23, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.24
G.3.4.7.28, G.4.4.7.28 STANAG
MIL-HDBK-221: 2.20 Nil
Reference:
23.865, 25.851-25.869, Reference: CS 25.1183*
23.1181-23.1203, 25.1181- CS 25.1185*
25.1207, 23.1411, 25.1411
CS 25.1187*
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1310*
CS 25.1411*

CS 27.855 #
CS 27.859
CS 29.855 #
CS 29.859
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - 855

refers to sources of heat and their adequate shielding / insulation
STANAG 4671 does not appear to hold any relevant references with respect to this
criteria.
8.4.21 Verify, if unoccupied cargo holds are present, that fire protection, fire detection/ suppression, and
smoke detector requirements are met.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-7: 3.7.3.4 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.26.60
JSSG-2009-Appendix G: 3.4.7, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.61
3.4.7.22, 3.4.7.25, 3.4.7.28 00-970 P7 L712 8.1
00-970 P7 L712 8.2
STANAG 4671.1203#
Reference:
25.857, 25.858, 25.859 Reference: CS 25.1182*
CS 25.1183*
CS 25.1185*
CS 25.1187*
CS 25.1189*
CS 25.1191*
CS 25.1193*
CS 25.1195*
CS 25.1197*
CS 25.1199*
CS 25.1201*
CS 25.1203
CS 25.1207*
CS 25.1310*
CS 25.1411*
CS 27.855
CS 29.855

STANAG 4671 855 is not applicable as all compartments are unoccupied. Therefore,
4671 applies
8.5. LANDING GEAR AND DECELERATION SYSTEMS.
8.5.1 Verify safe ground flotation capability of the landing gear systems.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix A: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.13.4
A.3.4.1.2.1, A.4.4.1.2.1, Reference: Part 1/6 Section 4 Lfts 48, 50
Ground Flotation STANAG
AFGS-87139: 3.2.1.1.b Ground Nil
Reference:
Flotation.
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS23.235#
Reference: CS25.491#
Comments: CS23 refers to unpaved surfaces
8.5.1. Arrangement, dynamics, and clearances.
8.5.2.1 Verify that the landing gear arrangement and servicing criteria prevents ground contact (including
servicing equipment, arresting cables, runway lights, etc.) at all weapons loading configurations, engine
runs, and for flat gear or flat tire, or flat gear and flat tire situations.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.1.1, A.4.1.1.1, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.13
A.3.4.1.1.6, A.4.4.1.1.6, 00-970 P1 5.1.62
A.3.4.1.1.3, A.4.4.1.1.3,
00-970 P1 5.1.101
Appendix A:
A.3.4.1.1.1/A.4.4.1.1.1 Gear 00-970 P1 9.8.9 #
arrangement; 00-970 P1 9.8.29
A.3.4.1.1.3/A.4.4.1.1.3 STANAG 4671.745(b)
Extended Clearances; and
A.3.4.1.1.6/A.4.4.1.1.6
Clearance with flat tire and flat 4671 733 #
strut. 4671 925
AFGS-87139: 3.2.1.2
Arrangement and 3.2.1.3.a
Clearances.
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 13.1-13.2.4, EASA CS CS 23.481 #
23.1501, 23.1529, 25.1501, Reference: CS 23.733 #
25.1503-25.1533, 25.1529, CS 23.925
25.1541, 25.1543, 25.1557,
CS 25.481 #
25.1563
CS 25.733 #
CS 25.925
CS 27.411
CS 27.481 #
CS 27.661 #
CS 27.733
CS 29.411 #
CS 29.481 #

CS 29.661 #
CS 29.733 #
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required
8.5.2.2 Verify that, for all ground operations, the air vehicle maintains operational control and stability
such that no part of the air vehicle or its weapons contacts the ground or other permanent ground
structures (servicing equipment, arresting cables, runway lights, etc.).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix A: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2 2.3
A.3.4.1.1.2/A.4.4.1.1.2 Pitch Reference: 00-970 P1 4.10.11
Stability; and 00-970 P1 4.11.2
A.3.4.1.1.7/A.4.4.1.1.7 Gear
00-970 P1 4.11.23
Stability
AFGS-87139: 3.2.1.2 00-970 P1 4.11.28
Arrangement and 3.2.5.1 00-970 P1 4.11.66
General 00-970 P1 4.13.7/8
STANAG 4671 231
Reference: 4671 233
4671 235
4671 237
4671 239
4671 586
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 25.233 EASA CS CS 23.231 #
Reference: CS 23.233 #
CS 23.235 #
CS 23.237 #
CS 23.239 #
CS 25.231 #
CS 25.233 #
CS 25.235 #
CS 25.237 #
CS 27.231 #
CS 27.241 #
CS 27.663 #
CS 27.751 #
CS 27.755 #
CS 29.231 #
CS 29.241 #
CS 29.663 #
CS 29.751 #
CS 29.757 #
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - CSs
do not specifically state ground or ground structures.
STANAG 4671 relates to UASs.
8.5.2.3 For retractable gears, verify that sufficient clearance exists within the wheel well under all ground
and flight conditions so that no part of the gear contacts the airframe or becomes stuck in the up position
due to interference with any air vehicle structure or component.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.1.4/A.4.4.1.1.4 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.12.41
Retraction Clearances AFGS- STANAG
87139: 3.2.1.2 Arrangement 3098
and 3.2.1.3.b Clearances Reference: 4671 733
(retractable landing gears) 4671 745
CS 23 733 #
CS 25 733 #
CS 27 733 #
Comments: STANAG 4671 relates to UASs.
STANAG 3098 relates to jacking
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - CS

does not explicitly cover all parts
8.5.2.4 Verify that the design of the landing gear system prevents the occurrence of unsafe dynamics,
vibrations, or pitching motions for all operational phases of the air vehicle on the ground and in the
transition to air.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.1.2/A.4.4.1.1.2 Pitch Reference: 00-970 P1 2.19.30 (VTOL)
Stability; 00-970 P1 4.11.28
A.3.4.1.1.7/A.4.4.1.1.7 Gear
00-970 P1 4.10.19
Stability;
A.3.4.1.4.2/A.4.4.1.4.2 00-970 P1 4.11.59
Directional Control;
A.3.4.1.4.3/A.4.4.1.4.3 STANAG 4671 723
Emergency directional control;
Reference: 4671 726
A.3.4.1.4.5.1/A.4.4.1.4.5.1
Steering characteristics 4671 727
AFGS-87139: 3.2.1.2.b 4671 729
Arrangement; and 3.2.1.4 4671 731
Damping 4671 733
4671 735
4671 1309
23.745, 25.721-25.737 Reference: CS 23.723
CS 23.726
CS 23.729
CS 23.731
CS 23.733

CS 23.735
CS 23.1309
CS 25.251.
CS 25.473(d)
CS 25.493(d)
CS 25.723
CS 25.729
CS 25.731
CS 25.733
CS 25.735
CS 25.1309
Comments: STANAG 4671 relates to UASs.
Def-Stan does cover requirements for rotorcraft
8.5.2.5 Verify that the air vehicle does not tip back when reverse braking or towing is done at the
specified conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.3.1.14/A.4.4.1.3.1.14 Reference:
Empennage protection; and STANAG
A.3.4.1.2.2.1.3/A.4.4.1.2.2.1.3 Nil
Landing gear towing Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.509, EASA CS CS 25.231 #
25.507, 25.509 Reference: CS 25.507
CS 25.509
CS 23.509
Comments: Further DEF-STAN information within Part 1/6 Section 4 Lft 42 Para 5.1
8.5.2.6 Verify the landing gear kneeling capability allows for safe kneeling of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix A: Def-Stan 00-970
A.3.4.1.10/A.4.4.1.10 Reference:
Specialized subsystems STANAG
AFGS-87139: 3.1.9
Reference:
Specialized subsystems.
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: No information on Kneeling could be found within the reference documentation
8.5.2.6.1 Verify the servicing procedures for landing gear kneeling and unkneeling are safe and properly
sequenced.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix A: Def-Stan 00-970
A.3.4.1.10/A.4.4.1.10 Reference:
Specialized subsystems STANAG
AFGS-87139: 3.1.9
Reference:
Specialized subsystems
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: No information on Kneeling could be found within the reference documentation
8.5.2. Landing gear structure.

8.5.3.1 Verify that any structural failure of the gear does not result in penetration of the crew station (for
manned air vehicles), fuel tanks, or any other bay that may explode.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix A: Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
A.3.4.1.3.1.3/A.4.4.1.3.1.3 Reference:
Failure Tolerance STANAG
AFGS-87139: 3.2.2.1.e Nil
Reference:
General (limits on structural
failure modes)
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.721 & EASA CS CS 23.561
25.721 cover fuel spillage Reference: CS 23.721
CS 25.561
CS 25.721
CS 27.561
CS 27.725
CS 29.561
CS 29.725
Comments: Relevant Def-Stan information can be found within 00-970 Pt 1/6 Section 4 Leaflet
75 Para 2 Lft 10
8.5.3.2 Verify the functionality of the shock strut to perform all its required suspension, stroking, and
energy absorption for all ground operations, landing, and takeoffs with normal servicing and with
acceptable levels of misservicing.

Comm'l Doc: SAE AS 6053 Tests, Impact,
Shock Absorber, Landing
Gear, Aircraft (formerly MIL-T-
6053)
A.3.4.1.3.1.8/A.4.4.1.3.1.8 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.22
Energy Absorption 00-970 P1 4.11.42
3.4.1.3.1.11/4.4.1.3.1.11
00-970 P1 4.11.43
Repeated Operation
AFGS-87139: 3.2.2.1 General 00-970 P1 4.11.44

and 3.2.2.2 Shock absorption STANAG 4671 235
MIL-L-8552 Reference: 4671 729
4671 1501 #
4671 1529 #4671.723
4671.725
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.721- EASA CS CS 25.1517 *
23.745, 13.1-13.2.4, 23.1501, Reference: CS 25.1519
23.1529, 25.721-25.737, CS 25.1521 *
25.1501, 25.1503-25.1533,
CS 25.1523 *
25.1529, 25.1541, 25.1543,
25.1557, 25.1563 CS 25.1525 *
CS 25.1527 *
CS 25.1529 #
CS 25.1531 *
CS 25.1533 *
CS 25.1541 *
CS 25.1543 *
CS 25.1557 *
CS 25.1563 *
CS 27.235
CS 27.729
CS 27.1501 #
CS 27.1529 #
CS 29.235
CS 29.729
CS 29.1501 #
CS 29.1529 #
CS 25.737 does not exist within EASA but does exist within 14 CFR part 25.
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required. -

although reference is made to landing gear there is only generic text not specific to
shock strut absorption.
8.5.3.3 Verify that a misserviced gear safely supports all weapons loading, fuelling and defueling, does
not compromise takeoff and landings nor result in ground resonance.

Comm'l Doc: SAE AS 6053 Tests, Impact,
Shock Absorber, Landing
Gear, Aircraft (formerly MIL-T-
6053)
DoD/MIL Doc: AFGS-87139: 3.2.1.3 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.12.9
Clearances Reference:
MIL-L-8552 Landing Gear, STANAG 4671 729
Aircraft Shock Absorbers (Air- Reference:
Oil Type)
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 13.1-13.2.4, EASA CS 13.1-13.2.4 *
23.1501, 23.1529, 25.1501,

25.1503-25.1533, 25.1529, Reference: CS 23.729
25.1541, 25.1543, 25.1557, CS 23.1501 #
25.1563
CS 23.1529 #
CS 25.1501
CS 25.1503-1533 *
CS 25.1529 #
CS 25.1541 *
CS 25.1543 *
CS 25.1557 *
CS 25.1563 *
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required. -

related information with respect to maintenance and service only
Only DEF-STAN , CS 23.729 and STANAG 4671 729 supply relevant information.
8.5.3.4 Verify that, for both main and nose/tail landing gear, landing conditions (normal and emergency)
are within the safe operating limits.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.3.1.7/A.4.4.1.3.1.7 Flat Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.5
tire and flat strut operation; 00-970 P1 4.11.7
A.3.4.1.3.1.8/A.4.4.1.3.1.8
00-970 P1 4.14.10
Energy absorption;
A.3.4.1.3.1.11/A.4.4.1.3.1.11 STANAG 4671 473
Repeated operation Reference: 4671 479
AFGS-87139: 3.6 4671 481
Environmental Conditions, 4671 483
3.2.2.1 General and 3.2.2.2 4671 485
Shock absorption 4671 497
4671 499
4671 723
4671 725
4671 726
4671 727
4671 729
4671 731
23.731, 23.473, 23.477, Reference: CS 29.479
23.479, 23.481, 23.483, CS 29.481
23.485, 25.721-25.731,
CS 29.483
25.101, 25.511, 25.1583
CS 29.485
CS 29.497
CS 29.501
CS 29.505
CS 29.511

CS 29.521
CS 29.723
CS 29.725
CS 29.727
CS 29.729
CS 29.731
CS 29.737
CS 29.757
8.5.3.5 Verify that dynamic stability is adequate and landing gear shimmy is not evident.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.1.7/A.4.4.1.1.7 Gear Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.29
Stability; and 00-970 P7 L301 5.2
A.3.4.1.4.5.1/A.3.4.1.4.5.1
Steering Characteristics.
AFGS-87139: 3.2.1.2 STANAG 4671 479
Arrangement and 3.2.1.4 Reference:
Damping.
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.721- EASA CS CS 23.729 #
23.745, 25.721-25.737- Reference: CS 23.731 #
shimmy is not covered, the rest CS 23.733 #
of the paragraphs imply
CS 23.735 #
coverage
CS 23.737 #
CS 23.745 #
CS 25.721 #
CS 25.723 #
CS 25.729 #
CS 25.731 #
CS 25.733 #
CS 25.735 #
CS 25.737 *
CS 27.727 #
CS 27.729 #
CS 27.731 #
CS 29.723 #
CS 29.725 #
CS 29.727 #
CS 29.729 #
CS 29.731 #
8.5.4 Verify that all mission and all ground handling conditions, including maximum air vehicle
deceleration at the most critical C.G. and gross weight, have a maximum expected tire load and speed
below that demonstrated for the selected tire at its intended inflation pressure and maximum wear limit
(MWL).

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.2.2/A.4.4.1.2.2 Ground Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.10
handling; 00-970 P1 4.11.11
A.3.4.1.3.1.4/A.4.4.1.3.1.4
00-970 P1 4.11.12
Strength; and
A.3.4.1.11.1.1/A.4.4.1.11.1.1 00-970 P1 4.11.24
Air vehicle tire performance. 00-970 P1 4.11.35
AFGS-87139: 3.1.8 Ground STANAG 4671 473
handling (operations), 3.2.4.1 Reference: 4671 511
Tires 4671 733
MIL-PRF-5041
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.473, EASA CS CS 23.473
23.726, 23.733, 25.473, Reference: CS 23.511
25.726, & 25.733 CS 23.726 *
CS 23.733
CS 25.473
CS 25.499 #
CS 25.511
CS 25.726 *
CS 25.733
CS 27.497
CS 27.733
CS 29.497
CS 29.511
CS 29.733
25.726 does not exist within EASA or 14 CFR documentation
8.5.5 Verify that the worst-case loads expected during operational missions on the nose/tail wheels and
main gear wheels are not exceeded.

Comm'l Doc: SAE ARP-1493
A.3.4.1.2.2/A.4.4.1.2.2 Ground Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.12
handling; 00-970 P7 L303 5.1
A.3.4.1.3.1.4/A.4.4.1.3.1.4
Strength; STANAG 4671 473
A.3.4.1.11.2.1/A.4.4.1.11.2.1 Reference: 4671 479
Air vehicle wheel performance; 4671 481
and 4671 483
A.3.4.1.11.2.4/A.4.4.1.11.2.4
4671 485
Nonfrangibility criteria (flat tire
operation) 4671 493
AFGS-87139: 3.1.8 Ground 4671 497
handling (operations) and 4671 499

3.2.4.2 Wheels 4671 507
MIL-B-8584 4671 509
MIL-W-5013 Wheel and Brake 4671 511
Assemblies - inactive for new 4671 723
design 4671 725
4671 726
4671 727
4671 729
4671 731
4671 733
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.721- EASA CS CS 29.475
23.732, 25.721-25.732, Reference: CS 29.479
23.471-23.511 & 25.471- CS 29.481
25.511, 25.101 (see 13.1-
CS 29.483
13.2.4)
CS 29.485
CS 29.493
CS 29.497
CS 29.501
CS 29.505
CS 29.511
CS 29.521
CS 29.723
CS 29.725
CS 29.727
CS 29.729
CS 29.731
CS 29.737
CS 29.753
25.732 does not exist within EASA or 14 CFR documentation
8.5.6 Verify that protection is incorporated to preclude wheel and tire over pressurization.

A.3.4.1.11.2.3/A.4.4.1.11.2.3 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.12.44
Brake Overheat Capability; and 00-970 P7 L310 3.2.6
A.3.4.1.11.2.6/A.3.4.1.11.2.6
00-970 P7 L310 3.2.8
Pressure-release criteria;
A.3.4.1.11.3.1/A.4.4.1.11.3.1 STANAG Nil
Air vehicle stopping and turn- Reference:
around performance; and
A.3.4.1.11.3.7/A.4.4.1.11.3.7
Temperature interface criteria
AFGS-87139: 3.2.4.2.c Wheel

overheat capability
MIL-W-5013 Wheel and Brake
Assemblies - inactive for new
design
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 11.2.2 & EASA CS CS 25.731(d)
11.2.2.1 Included in each Reference:
specific 14CFR reference per
section
Comments: Within the Civil and STANAG documentation, only CS 25 relates specifically to over
pressure / burst protection for wheels and tyres.
8.5.3. Brake assemblies.

8.5.7.1 Verify that the energy, torque, and distance performance are at least equal to the levels required
for the air vehicle when it is operated within its design limits.

Comm'l Doc: ARP-1493
A.3.4.1.11.3.1/A.4.4.1.11.3.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.12.19
Air vehicle stopping and turn-
around performance.
AFGS-87139: 3.2.3.1.a & b STANAG 4671 55
Reference: 4671 493
Brake system (General)
4671 735
design
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.45, EASA CS CS 23.45 *
23.55, 23.493, 23.735, 25.45, Reference: CS 23.55
25.55, 25.493, 25.735, 25.101 CS 23.493
CS 23.735
CS 25.45 *
CS 25.55 *
CS 25.101 *
CS 25.493
CS 25.735
CS 27.493
CS 27.735 #
CS 29.493
CS 29.735 #
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - CS 27

and CS 29 provide only superficial information with respect to MIL-HDBK-516B
information.
* means direct read-across of 14CFR reference from MIL-HDBK-516B to EMAR 516 -

CS 25.45 and CS 25.55 do not exist
8.5.7.2 Verify that failure of any brake (structural or control system) does not prevent the air vehicle from
stopping within the runway length needed to conduct the missions.

A.3.4.1.11.2.4/A.4.4.1.11.2.4 Reference:
Nonfrangibility criteria (flat tire STANAG
operation); 4671 735
A.3.4.1.11.3.3/A.4.4.1.11.3.3 Reference:
Structural failure criteria; and
A.3.4.1.11.3.4/A.4.4.1.11.3.4
Secondary braking capability
(fail-safe).
AFGS-87139: 3.2.3.1.c Brake
system, General and 3.2.4.3
Brakes
design
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 11.2.2.1 EASA CS 11.2.2.1 *
CS 25.735
No relative information with respect to brake failure within CS 27 or CS 29.
8.5.7.3 Verify that the brakes provides sufficient torque to prevent wheel rotation with engine thrust at
least equal to normal pre-flight test levels.

A.3.4.1.7/A.4.4.1.7 Restraint Reference: 00-970 P1 4.12.14
capability. STANAG
AFGS-87139: 3.2.3.1.b Brake 4671.735#
Reference:
System, General, and 3.2.4.3
Brakes
MIL-W-5013 Wheels and
Brake Assemblies - inactive for
new design
MIL-B-8584 Design of Brake
Systems
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.735, EASA CS CS 23.735 *

references provide information with respect to maximum pressure of tyres not to
exceed, rather than devices to release the pressure in the event of brake overheat.
8.5.7.4 Verify that an appropriate device is installed to release tire pressure if the brakes overheat.

Comm'l Doc: ARP-1493
A.3.4.1.11.2.3/A.4.4.1.11.2.3 Reference:
Brake Overheat Capability; STANAG
A.3.4.1.11.2.6/A.4.4.1.11.2.6 4671.735#
Pressure-release criteria; and Reference:
A.3.4.1.11.3.7/A.4.4.1.11.3.7
Temperature interface criteria.
AFGS-87139: 3.2.3.1 General
and 3.2.4.3.a Brakes
MIL-W-5013 Wheel and
Brakes - presently in active for
new designs.
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 11.2.2 & EASA CS 11.2.2 *
11.2.2.1 Reference: 11.2.2.1 *
CS 23.735 #
CS 25.735 #

references provide information with respect to maximum pressure of tyres not to
exceed, rather than devices to release the pressure in the event of brake overheat.
8.5.4. Brake control and anti-skid control.

8.5.8.1 Verify that there is a separate and independent method of stopping the air vehicle within the
required distance when the primary stopping method is unavailable or compromised.

A.3.4.1.4.4.2/A.4.4.1.4.4.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.12.12
Alternate independent braking 00-970 P1 9.13.2
AFGS-87139: 3.2.3.2.a Brake
STANAG 4671.735
actuation system and 3.2.4.3
Reference:
Brakes
Systems
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 11.2.2 & EASA CS CS 23.75
11.2.2.1 Reference: CS 23.735 #
CS 25.125
CS 25.735
CS 27.735 #
CS 29.735 #

Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - since
with the exception of CS 25, all the other CS documents do not specifically refer to
alternative stopping methods.
Note STANAG 4671 735 describes alternative stopping methods, but only with
respect to it not being used within kinetic energy absorption.
8.5.8.2 Verify that the braking function can be maintained from the pilot’s station in a smooth and
controllable manner for all normal and emergency operations.

A.3.4.1.4.2/A.4.4.1.4.2 Reference:
Directional Control; and STANAG
A.3.4.1.4.4.1/A.4.4.1.4.4.1 4671 231
Braking control interface. Reference: 4671 405
AFGS-87139: 3.2.3.1 General, 4671 735
3.2.3.2 Brake actuation 4671 1731
system; 3.2.3.3 Anti-skid brake
control; and 3.2.4.3 Brakes
Systems
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: inferred in EASA CS CS 23.231
23.45, 23.55, 23.493, 23.735, Reference: CS 23.405
25.45, 25.55, 25.493, 25.735 & CS 23.735
25.101
CS 25.231
CS 25.405
CS 25.735
CS 27.735
CS 29.735
8.5.8.3 If a parking brake is required, verify that it provides holding power for the required time and
conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.9.5/4.4.1.9.5 Parking Reference: 00-970 P1 4.12.17
Brake 00-970 P7 L310 2.3
AFGS-87139: 3.2.3.2.d Brake
actuation system
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Systems
Comments: Only DEF-STAN and CS 25 and 29 make specific reference to use of parking brake.
8.5.8.4 Verify safe stopping performance for all expected runway conditions (dry, wet, snow, ice, etc.)
over all mission speed ranges and for all ground manoeuvring conditions.

A.3.4.1.4.4.3/A.4.4.1.4.4.3 Skid Reference: 00-970 P1 4.12.19
control; and 00-970 P1 4.12.25#
A.3.4.1.11.3.1/A.4.4.1.11.3.1
Air vehicle stopping and turn-
around performance STANAG 4671 55
AFGS-87139: 3.2.3.1 General, Reference: 4671 75
3.2.3.3 Anti-skid brake control 4671 735
and 3.2.4.3 Brakes
Systems
23.55, 23.493, 23.735, 25.187, Reference: CS 23.55
25.45, 25.55, 25.493, & 25.735 CS 23.75
CS 23.493 #
CS 23.735
CS 25.45 *
CS 25.55 *
CS 25.187 *
CS 25.493 #
CS 25.735
CS 27.75
CS 27.735
CS 29.75
CS 29.735
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - DEF-

STAN 4.12.25 refers to safe stopping distance (runway length) with assistance of
skids

.493 refers to torque loading required in braked roll conditions.
Note CS 25.45, CS 25.55 and 25.187 do not exist either in 14CFR or EASA CS
documentation
8.5.8.5 Verify that anti-skid system design can respond to any power interruptions or system malfunctions
without compromising the ability of the pilot to control the air vehicle.

A.3.4.1.4.4.4/A.4.4.1.4.4.4 skid Reference: 00-970 P1 4.12.25
control with power interruption; 00-970 P1 4.12.26

and A.3.4.1.4.4.5/A.4.4.1.4.4.5 STANAG 4671.735
anti-skid engagement and Reference:
disengagement
AFGS-87139: 3.2.3.3 Anti-skid
brake control and 3.2.4.3
Brakes
Systems
CS 25.735
8.5.8.6 Verify that the anti-skid system precludes locked wheel/tire occurrences for all normal operating
conditions.

A.3.4.1.4.4.3/A.4.4.1.4.4.3 Skid Reference:
Control STANAG
AFGS-87139: 3.2.3.3 Anti-skid 4671.735
Reference:
brake control and 3.2.4.3
Brakes
Systems
23.55, 23.493, 23.735, 25.45, Reference: CS 23.55 *
25.55, 25.493, & 25.735 CS 23.493 *
CS 23.735
CS 25.45 *
CS 25.55 *
CS 25.493 *
CS 25.735
Note CS 25.45 and CS 25.55 do not exist either in 14CFR or EASA CS

documentation
8.5.8.7 Verify that brake control power is equal and proportional to brake pedal movement.

A.3.4.1.4.4.1/A.4.4.1.4.4.1 Reference: 00-970 P7 L310 2.2
Braking Control Interface STANAG
MIL-B-8584 Design of Brake Nil
Reference:
Systems
Reference:

Comments: No specific information relating to proportional brake pedal power control
8.5.8.8 Verify that when pedal pressure is removed, pedals return to brakes-off position and that brake
control power is not trapped or slow to release at any brake.

A.3.4.1.4.4.1/A.4.4.1.4.4.1 Reference: 00-970 P7 L310 2.2.4
Braking control interface STANAG
MIL-B-8584 Design of Brake Nil
Reference:
Systems
AFGS-87139: 3.2.3.2 Brake
actuation system; 3.2.3.3 Anti-
skid brake control; and 3.2.4.3
Brakes
Reference:
Comments: Only DEF-STAN make specific reference to use of pedal pressure release and return
8.5.8.9 Verify that all modes of brake operation are safe.

3.2.7.4.4.2/4.2.7.4.4.2 Damage Reference: 00-970 P1 4.12.25
tolerant-fail safe evident 00-970 P1 4.12.26
subsystems and components;
00-970 P1 4.12.27
and Appendix A:
A.3.4.1.4.3/A.4.4.1.4.3
Emergency directional control; STANAG Nil
and A.3.4.1.4.4.2/A.4.4.1.4.4.2 Reference:
Alternative independent
braking
Systems
AFGS-87139: 3.2.3.1 General;
3.2.3.2 Brake actuation
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 11.1-11.2.6 EASA CS 11.1 - 11.2.6 *
Only CS 25.735 within the civil documentation refers to safe operation of brakes in all
modes
8.5.8.10 Verify that the anti-skid control system is compatible with and continues to function in the
installed environment and that heat build-up does not cause locked wheels on touchdown or during the
landing roll.

DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.2.7.2/4.2.7.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.12.25
Environment Reference: 00-970 P1 4.12.26
MIL-B-8584 Design of Brake 00-970 P1 4.12.27
Systems STANAG 4671 735 #
AFGS-87139: 3.2.3.1 General; Reference:
3.2.3.2 Brake actuation
Reference: CS 25.735(k)
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - CS

23.735 and STANAG 4671 735 are mentioned since they refer to the kinetic energy
absorption / rating (waste energy as heat) but do not specifically reference Anti skid
control
8.5.8.11 Verify that there is no anti-skid coupling into the landing gear structure.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: 3.4.2.7 Dynamic Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.12.29
response during ground/ship- Reference:
based operations and 4.4.2 STANAG
Ground loading conditions Nil
JSSG-2009 Appendix A: Reference:
A.3.4.1.4.4.3/A.4.4.1.4.4.3 Skid
Control
AFGS-87139: 3.2.1.4 Damping
and 3.2.3.3 Anti-skid brake
control
Reference:
Comments: No reference to coupling of Anti-skid within the landing gear structure is provided
within either the CS or the STANAG documentation.
8.5.5. Directional control.

8.5.9.1 Verify that there is a primary and emergency (secondary) method to provide directional control
during ground operations of the air vehicle for all the operational missions and flight configurations.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.4.2/A.4.4.1.4.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.24
Directional control; and 00-970 P1 4.11.27
A.3.4.1.4.3/A.4.4.1.4.3
00-970 P1 4.14.13
Emergency directional control
00-970 P7 L302/1 3.1

AFGS-87139: 3.2.5.1 General; STANAG 4671 233
3.2.5.2 Nose gear steering Reference: 4571 745
system
MIL-S-8812
23.497, 23.499, & 23.745 Reference: CS 23.233
CS 23.497 #
CS 23.499 #
CS 23.745
CS 25.233
CS 25.495 #
CS 25.497 #
CS 25.499 #
CS 25.745
CS 29.497 #
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - within

CS documentation 495, 497 and 499 refer to directional control but refer more on the
loads associated with the controls
Within DEF-STAN Steering optional for RW Part 7/2 Section 3 Lft 303. Emergency
steering optional for FW Part 1/6 Section 4 4.14.1
8.5.9.2 Verify that the steering control system protects against steering failures and that system failures
does not cause loss of control of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.4.5.2/A.4.4.1.4.5.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.14.13
Response to nose wheel
steering failure; and
A.3.4.1.4.5.3/A.4.4.1.4.5.3 STANAG 4671 745
Emergency steering Reference: 4671 1309 #
AFGS-87139: 3.2.5.1 General,
3.2.5.2 Nose gear steering
system
MIL-S-8812
CS 25.745
CS 25.1309 #
CS 27.1309 #
CS 29.1309 #
and STANAG 1309 relate to the safe operation of systems, which could be assumed
to include steering control.
Further information within Def-Stan Part 7/2 Section 3 Lft 303 and 305
8.5.9.3 Verify that control of the air vehicle can be maintained during engagement or disengagement of
the steering throughout all the operational speed ranges and conditions, even if it occurs from a pilot
commanded or a system uncommanded action.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.4.5.1/A.4.4.1.4.5.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.28
Steering Characteristics 00-970 P1 4.14.8
MIL-S-8812
STANAG 4671 745
AFGS-87139: 3.2.5.1 General
Reference: 4671.1309#
and 3.2.5.2 Nose gear steering
system.
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS 23.1309 #
CS 27.1309 #
CS 29.1309 #
and STANAG 1309 relate to the safe operation of systems, which could be assumed
to include steering control.
Further information within Def-Stan Part 7/2 Section 3 Lft 303
8.5.9.4 Verify that the steering control system can detect and correct or prevent steering hardovers.
Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.4.5.2/A.4.4.1.4.5.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.14.6
Response to nose wheel 00-970 P1 4.14.9
steering failure
MIL-S-8812 STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Comments: Unable to find any suitable reference material within CS and STANAG documentation
8.5.9.5 Verify that steering system operation during taxi, takeoff, and landing is sufficient to accomplish all
the required ground manoeuvring and parking, and is not sensitive to high-speed, ground rolling effects
on directional control.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.4.5.1/A.4.4.1.4.5.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.25
Steering Characteristics 00-970 P1 4.11.26
MIL-S-8812
00-970 P1 4.11.27

00-970 P1 4.14.2
00-970 P1 4.14.3
00-970 P1 4.14.5
00-970 P1 4.14.14
00-970 P1 4.14.16
STANAG 4671 497
Reference: 4671 499
4671 745
23.497, 23.499, 23.745, Reference: CS 23.497
25.233, 25.45, 25.497, 25.499, CS 23.499
& 25.745
CS 23.745
CS 25.45 *
CS 25.495
CS 25.497
CS 25.499
CS 25.745
CS 27.497
CS 29.497
Further Information within Def-Stan Part 7/2 Section 3 Lft 303
8.5.6. Landing gear actuation control.

8.5.10.1 Verify safe operation of landing gear retraction, extension, and emergency extension; and verify
that there are adequate clearances and suitable geometry for components having relative motion.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.1.3/A.4.4.1.1.3 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.57
Extended clearances; 00-970 P1 4.11.60
A.3.4.1.1.4/A.4.4.1.1.4
00-970 P1 4.11.74
Retraction Clearances; and
A.3.4.1.5.1/A.4.4.1.5.1 00-970 P7 L301 3.4
Retraction and extension
actuation interface STANAG 4671.729(d)
AFGS-87139: 3.2.6.1
Reference:
Retraction-extension system
and 3.2.6.2 Actuation system
indication
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.729 & EASA CS CS 25.729(d)
25.729 Reference: CS 25.739(c)
CS 27.729(d)
CS 27.733(c)
8.5.10.2 Verify that loss of doors, reversal of commands, or any single failures in the air vehicle power
does not prevent gear extension. Verify that the emergency extension system is independent of the
landing gear primary power source(s).

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.5.3/A.4.4.1.5.3 Single Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.60
failure criteria;
A.3.4.1.5.4/A.4.4.1.5.4
STANAG 4671.729(c)
Actuation reversal;
A.3.4.1.5.6/A.4.4.1.5.6 Reference: 4671.1309#
Operation with loss of door;
and A.3.4.1.5.7/A.4.4.1.5.7
Emergency extension
AFGS-87139: 3.2.6.1
Retraction-extension system;
indication
25.729 Reference: CS 23.1309 #
CS 25.729
CS 25.1309 #
CS 27.729
CS 27.1309 #
CS 29.729
CS 29.1309 #
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - Safe
installation requirements and operation of gear extension
8.5.10.3 Verify that proper gear position indications are given to the flight crew for all gear sequencing
events during any phase of mission operations.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.5.8.1/A.4.4.1.5.8.1 Reference:
Gear position status indicators; STANAG
and A.3.4.1.5.4/A.4.4.1.5.4 4671 729
Actuation reversal Reference: 4671.1793
AFGS-87139: 3.2.6.1
indication
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.729 & EASA CS CS 25.729(e)
25.729 Reference: CS 27.729(e)
CS 27.279(g)
CS 29.729(e)
CS 29.729(g)
8.5.10.4 Verify that the gear position warning system operates properly and allows the crew to override
the warning systems.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.5.8.1/A.4.4.1.5.8.1 Reference:
Gear position status indication STANAG
AFGS-87139: 3.2.6.1 4671 729
indication
CS 27.729
CS 29.729
8.5.10.5 Verify that the time to move the gear to the command positions is compatible with air vehicle
performance requirements for takeoff, landing, and go-around.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.5.5.1/A.4.4.1.5.5.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.54
Retraction; and
A.3.4.1.5.5.2/A.4.4.1.5.5.2
Extension STANAG 4671.729#
AFGS-87139: 3.2.6.3 Reference:
Retraction-extension time
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.729, EASA CS CS 23.729 #
25.729, 25.1515, 25.1583 Reference: CS 25.729 #
CS 25.1515
CS 25.1583 *
CS 27.729 #
CS 29.729 #

while referring to landing gear systems does not specify time to move gear
performance.
8.5.10.6 Verify that the emergency extension times are compatible with emergency landing requirements.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.5.7/A.4.4.1.5.7 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.60#
Emergency extension
AFGS-87139: 3.2.6.3
STANAG 4671.729#
Retraction-extension time
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.729, EASA CS CS 23.729 #
25.729, 25.1515, 25.1583 Reference: CS 25.729 #

CS 25.1515 #
CS 25.1583 *
CS 27.729 #
CS 29.729 #
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - Def-
Stan 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4.11.60 refers to emergency operation but not extension
times

and 1515 refer to landing gear and command position time but not emergency
extension times
8.5.10.7 Verify that the gear is restrained in the final commanded positions for all ground and flight
conditions required by all mission profiles.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.5.9.1/A.4.4.1.5.9.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.65
Gear position restraint and 00-970 P7 L306 4.1
A.3.4.1.5.1/A.4.4.1.5.1
Retraction and extension
actuation interface STANAG 4671.729#
AFGS-87139: 3.2.6.4 Position Reference:
restraint
25.729 Reference: CS 25.729 #
CS 27.729 #
CS 29.729 #
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - 729
refers to the ability to lock in the extended (commanded) position without hydraulic
assistance only.
8.5.10.8 Verify that a positive secondary means is available to lock the gear and doors during ground
operations to prevent retraction on the ground. Also verify that visual indicators are provided so the
ground retention devices are removed prior to flight.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.5.9.1/A.4.4.1.5.9.1 Reference:
Gear position restraint and STANAG
A.3.4.1.5.1/A.4.4.1.5.1 4671.729
Retraction and extension Reference: 4671.1793
actuation interface
AFGS-87139: 3.2.6.4 Position
restraint

CS 27.729 #
CS 29.729 #
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - CS 27

and 29 729 refer to a lock but not a secondary means other than hydraulic pressure.
8.5.10.9 Verify that no damage to airframe or gear structure results if power is supplied to retract the
gears when secondary ground devices are installed.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.5.10/A.4.4.1.5.10 Reference:
Ground safety restraint; and STANAG
A.3.4.1.5.1/A.4.4.1.5.1 Nil
Retraction and extension Reference:
actuation interface
AFGS-87139: 3.2.6.4 Position
restraint
Reference:
Comments: Relevant information could not be found with respect to EASA and STANAG
reference documents.
8.5.10.10 Verify the downlocking and uplocking fail-safe provisions of the landing gear.

Comm'l Doc:
3.2.7.4.4.2/4.2.7.4.4.2 Damage Reference:
tolerant-fail safe evident STANAG
subsystems and components; 4671 729 #
and Appendix A: Reference:
A.3.4.1.5.3/A.4.4.1.5.3 Single
failure criteria
AFGS-87139: 3.2.6.1
Retraction-extension system
indication
25.729 Reference: CS 25.729 #
CS 27.729 #
CS 29.729 #
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - Proper
functioning assumed through operational tests
8.5.7. Auxiliary deceleration devices.

8.5.11.1 Verify that the arresting system is capable of stopping the air vehicle at all the required design
conditions (refused takeoffs (RTOs), fly-in engagements, brake overruns, etc.) without any damage to
either the air vehicle or the arresting systems.

A.3.4.1.8.1.1 thru Reference: 00-970 P1 2.3.21
A.3.4.1.8.1.8/A.4.4.1.8.1.1 thru 00-970 P1 2.4.3
A.4.4.1.8.1.8 Hook/Arresting
00-970 P1 2.5.2
system information
MIL-A-18717 00-970 P1 2.5.22
MIL-A-83136 00-970 P1 2.19.32
00-970 P1 2.20.21
00-970 P1 Sec 2 Lft 66
00-970 P1 3.6
00-970 P1 Sec 3 Lft 37
00-970 P1 4.11.24
00-970 P1 4.11.35
00-970 P1 Sec 4 Lft 46
00-970 P1 9.6
00-970 P1 9.13
00-970 P1 Sec 9 Lft 13
00-970 P1 Sec 9 Lft 28
00-970 P1 Sec 9 Lft 30
00-970 P7 Sec 3 Lft 300
00-970 Part 9 UK471a
STANAG 4671 55
Reference: 4671 75
4671 77

Reference: CS 23.75
CS 23.933
CS 23.934
CS 25.109
CS 25.125
CS 25.253
CS 25.507
CS 25.933
CS 25.934
CS 25.1155
CS 29.62
Comments: CS does not refer to brake parachute or arrestor systems
8.5.11.2 Verify the safety of the following: hook load, hold-down, and damping forces; engagement
probabilities; off-centre engagement capabilities; lateral run-outs; barrier compatibility; and any other
specific engagement provisions.

DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix A: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 Sec 3 Lft 32
A.3.4.1.8.1.1 thru Reference: 00-970 P1 Sec 3 Lft 37
A.3.4.1.8.1.8/A.4.4.1.8.1.1 thru 00-970 P1 Sec 4.11.35
A.4.4.1.8.1.8 Hook/Arresting
00-970 P1 Sec 4 Lft 41
system information
MIL-A-18717 00-970 P1 Sec 4.Lft 42
MIL-A-83136 00-970 P1 7.3.10
AFGS-87139: 3.2.7.1 Arresting 00-970 P1 9.6
hook system 00-970 P1 9.6.19-25
00-970 P1 9.13
00-970 P1 Sec 9 Lft 13
00-970 Part 9 UK471a
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.5.11.3 Verify that the hook can be deployed from the crew station in a timely manner and that a means
is provided in the crew station to determine the position of the hook.

A.3.4.1.8.5 thru Reference: 00-970 P1 4.19.57
A.3.4.1.8.8/A.4.4.1.8.5 thru 00-970 P1 9.6.11
A.4.4.1.8.8
00-970 P1 9.6.13
MIL-A-18717
00-970 P1 Sec 9 Lft 13
MIL-A-83136
AFGS-87139: 3.2.7.1 Arresting STANAG Nil
hook system. Reference:
Reference:
8.5.11.4 Verify that no part of the landing gear, air vehicle, or stores snags the arresting cable when the
air vehicle is rolling on rims after a tyre failure.

DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-A-18717 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.11.2
MIL-A-83136 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.33
AFGS-87139: 3.2.7.1 Arresting 00-970 P1 4.13.7
hook system. 00-970 P1 4.13.8
00-970 P1 Sec 4 Lft 43
00-970 P1 Sec 4 Lft 60
00-970 P1 6.1.18

00-970 P1 Sec 9 Lft 13
00-970 P7 Sec 3 Lft 300
00-970 P7 Sec 3 Lft 302/2
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.5.11.5 Verify that the performance of drag chutes meets the specified deceleration requirements without
any adverse loading or damage to air vehicle structure.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.8.2/A.4.4.1.8.2 Drag Reference: 00-970 P1 2.4.3
Chutes; and AFGS-87139 00-970 P1 2.5.2
3.2.7.2 Drag Chutes.
00-970 P1 2.5.22
00-970 P1 4.11.35
00-970 P1 Sec 4 Lft 42
00-970 P1 Sec 4 Lft 46
00-970 P1 Sec 9.7.18 - 9.7.29
00-970 P1 9.13
00-970 P1 Sec 9 Lft 13
# - 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Lft 14
# - 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Lft 15
00-970 P1 Sec 9 Lft 28
00-970 Part 9 UK471a
00-970 9.13.11
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Comments: 00-970 Part 1 Section 9 Leaflet 14/15 - Spin chutes
No references to parachute landing systems have been included here
CS does not refer to brake parachute or arrestor systems
8.5.11.6 As applicable to the air vehicle, verify the performance of thrust reversers, speed brakes, and/or
other auxiliary deceleration systems; and verify that there is no adverse loading or structural damage to
the air vehicle when these devices are used.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: AFGS-87139: 3.2.7.1 Arresting Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.3.2
hook system; and 3.2.7.2 Drag Reference: 00-970 P1 2.3.21
chutes. 00-970 P1 2.4.3

00-970 P1 2.5.2
00-970 P1 2.19.32
00-970 P1 2.20.21
00-970 P1 Sec 2 Lft 66
00-970 P1 3.4.11
00-970 P1 4.11.35
00-970 P1 Sec 4 Lft 42
00-970 P1 Sec 4 Lft 46
# - 00-970 Part 1 Sec 5 Lft 12
00-970 P1 5.1.53-55
00-970 P1 5.1.138
00-970 P1 9.6
00-970 P1 9 9.6
00-970 P1 9.13
00-970 P1 Sec 9 Lft 13
00-970 Part 1 Sec 9 Lft 28
00-970 Part 9 UK471a
STANAG 4671.933
Reference:
CS 23.1155
CS 25.109
CS 25.125
CS 25.507
CS 25.933
CS 25.934
CS 25.1155
CS 29.62
Comments: 00-970 Part 1 Section 5 Leaflet 12 - impact of arrested landings on Oil systems
CS does not refer to brake parachute or arrestor systems
8.5.8. Ground handling.

8.5.12.1 Verify that safe jacking provisions are provided and that they satisfy all specified air vehicle gross
weight conditions and environmental conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.2.2.1.1/A.4.4.1.2.2.1.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.4.11
Axle jacking; and 00-970 P1 4.4.12
A.3.4.1.2.2.1.2/A.4.4.1.2.2.1.2
00-970 P1 4.4.13
Fuselage jacking
00-970 P1 4.4.16
AFGS-87139: 3.2.8.1 Jacking
00-970 P7 L308 3.1
NATO STANAG 3098
STANAG 4671.507
Reference:

FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.507 EASA CS CS 23.507
Comments: No reference to safe jacking provisions within CS 27 or CS 29 other than Appendix A
Instructions For Continued Airworthiness of each document
8.5.12.2 Verify that the jacking interface meets the defined standards, including appropriate international
standards.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: NATO STANAG Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.4.12
AFGS-87139: 3.2.8.1 Jacking Reference: 00-970 P1 4.4.15
00-970 P1 7.4.3.8
00-970 P7 L308 3.2
STANAG 3098
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.507, EASA CS CS 23.507#
25.519 Reference: CS 25.519(b)#
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - as no
specific reference to appropriate international standards unlike STANAG 3098 (ISO
43 / ISO 1464) or BS C 12 within DEF-STAN
8.5.12.3 Verify that the air vehicle is capable of being safely towed in all specified directions, at all mission
weights, under the required environmental conditions, on expected operational surfaces.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: NATO STANAG 3278 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 3.11.4
NATO STANAG 4101 Reference: 00-970 P1 3.11.5
MIL-STD-805 00-970 P1 3.11.6
JSSG-2009 Appendix A: 00-970 P1 3.11.7
A.3.4.1.2.2.1.3/A.4.4.1.2.2.1.3 00-970 P1 4.4.21
Landing gear towing; 00-970 P1 4.4.22
A.3.4.1.2.2.1.5/A.4.4.1.2.2.1.5 00-970 P1 4.4.23
Towing interface 00-970 P7 L308/1 2.1
AFGS-87139: 3.2.8.2 Towing
STANAG 278 #
Reference: 4671 509
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required -
STANAG 3278 (4101 for towing eye on vehicles)
No information within CS 27 or CS 29.
8.5.12.4 Verify emergency towing capability of the air vehicle to the maximum weight and load
requirements.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix A: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 3.11.4#
A.3.4.1.2.2.1.4/A.4.4.1.2.2.1.4 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.4.23#
Emergency towing 00-970 P7 L308/1 2.2
AFGS-87139: 3.2.8.2 Towing
STANAG 3278 #
Reference: 4671 509
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.509 & EASA CS CS 23.509#

25.519 Reference: CS 25.509#

provides load cases, not specifically emergency cases
8.5.12.5 Verify that all mooring requirements are met for all mission weights and environmental
conditions, and that these requirements address the defined standard arrangements and interface for
mooring to ensure safety.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix A: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 3.12.2 #
A.3.4.1.2.2.1.6/A.4.4.1.2.2.1.6 Reference: 00-970 P1 3.12.3 #
Mooring provisions 00-970 P1 3.12.4 #
AFGS-87139: 3.2.8.3. Mooring
00-970 P1 3.12.5 #
00-970 P1 3.12.10 #
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 25.519, EASA CS CS 25.509(c)
23.519 Reference: CS 25.519#
assumption made that picketing is similar to mooring
DEF-STAN 00-970 Part 1 Sec Part 1/5 Section 3

HOWEVER please Note 14CFR 23.519 or CS 23.519 does not exist
8.5.12.6 Verify that any specialized systems requirements and functional characteristics are safe for the
operational mission conditions. (Examples of specialized systems are skis, skids, kneeling, crosswind
positioning, and in-flight pressure control systems.)

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.10.1 thru Reference: 00-970 P1 3.7.5
A.3.4.1.10.2/A.4.4.1.10.1 thru 00-970 P1 3.7.12
A.4.4.1.10.2 Flotation and
00-970 P1 4.11.24

snow ski gear STANAG 4671 477
AFGS-87139: 3.2.9.1 General Reference: 4671 479
4671 481
4671 497
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.737, EASA CS CS 23.505
CS 23.841
CS 25.737 *
CS 25.841
CS 27.501
CS 27.737
CS 29.501
CS 29.737
Comments: STANAG 4671 505 is not applicable

HOWEVER please Note 14CFR 23.737 does exist but CS 23.737 does not exist
8.5.12.7 Verify all known potential single-point failures are identified and are acceptable.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.12.8#
3.2.7.4.4.1/4.2.7.4.4.1 Safety Reference:
and mission critical functions; STANAG
and Appendix A: 4671.1309
A.3.4.1.3.1.3/A.4.4.1.3.1.3 Reference:
Failure tolerance
AFGS-87139: 3.5 System
safety
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.471- EASA CS 23.471 -23.511 *
23.511, 25.471-25.519, Reference: 23.1309
25.1309 25.471 - 23.519 *
25.1309
Stan reference included with respect to broad requirement for Failure analysis on
wheels tyres and brakes

CS 23 and CS 25 references mention ground loads but not identification of single
point failures
8.5.12.8 Verify that the air vehicle does not turnover or ground loop for all mission conditions that produce
side-load. All taxi and turn conditions at all gross weights are evaluated for all possible strut/tire conditions
and for adversely sloped taxiways and runways.

Comm'l Doc:

A.3.4.1.1.1/A.4.4.1.1.1 Gear Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.25
Arrangement; and 00-970 P1 4.11.26
A.3.4.1.1.2/A.4.4.1.1.2 Pitch
Stability STANAG 4671.143
AFGS-87139: 3.2.1.2 Reference: 4671.479
Arrangement 4671.485
23.477, 23.485, 25.473, Reference: CS 23.477 *
25.477, 25.485 CS 23.479
CS 23.485
CS 25.473 *
CS 25.477 *
CS 25.479
CS 25.485
CS 27.479
CS 27.485
CS 29.479
CS 29.485
8.5.12.9 Verify the landing gear and engine inlet geometry are designed to prevent possible FOD to
engines.

Comm'l Doc:
A.3.4.1.2.3/A.4.4.1.2.3 Ground Reference:
FOD STANAG
AFGS-87139: 3.2.1.1 General, 4671.1091
Reference:
3.2.1.2 Arrangement; and
3.2.1.3 Clearances.
CS 27.1091
CS 29.1091
8.5.12.10 Verify that the landing gear systems are compatible with air vehicle structure, weight, and
balance, and with any other subsystems that interface with the landing gear system.

Comm'l Doc: Level II Interface and
Functional Requirements as
stated in contractual interface
documentation.
DoD/MIL Doc: AFGS-87139: 3.2.1.1 General; Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.11.2
3.2.1.2 Arrangement; and Reference: 00-970 P1 4.12.6
3.2.1.3 Clearances. STANAG 4671.479
Reference: 4671.481
4671.483

FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.471- EASA CS CS 25.489 *
23.511, 25.471-25.519 Reference: CS 25.491 #
CS 25.493 #
CS 25.495 #
CS 25.497 #
CS 25.499 #
CS 25.503 #
CS 25.507 #
CS 25.509 #
CS 25.511 #
CS 25.519 #
CS 25.721
CS 27.479
CS 27.481
CS 27.483
CS 27.485
CS 29.479
CS 29.481
CS 29.483
CS 29.485
although related to ground loads, do not specifically mention landing gear system
loads
8.5.12.11 Verify landing gear system's integrity in preventing uncommanded or unsafe effects in the event
of single-point failures, dormant failures, or primary system loss. Ensure that the consequences of the
failure are eliminated, mitigated, or evaluated to be at a risk level acceptable to the procuring activity.

Comm'l Doc: Level II single
point/redundancy
requirements.
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.2.7 - 3.2.7.6.5, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.11.62
4.2.7 - 4.2.7.6.5 Reference:
STANAG 4671 729
Reference:
FAA Doc: TSO C77b EASA CS CS 23.729
CS 27.729
CS 29.729
8.5.12.12 Verify that the system and system components have damage tolerance capability to sustain
partial failure or leakage before failure without jeopardizing safety.

Comm'l Doc: Level II Damage Tolerance
requirements.
DoD/MIL Doc: AFGS-87139: 3.2.2.1 General; Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.1.4 #
3.2.2.2 Shock absorption; and

3.2.2.3 Tail bumpers. Reference:
STANAG 4671 571 #
Reference:
CS 27.517 #
CS 29.571 #
application of component grading with respect to it's use
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - within

CS references there is broad reference to damage tolerance techniques
8.5.12.13 Verify that failures and leakage are evident in flight and/or during routine ground maintenance.

Comm'l Doc: Level II Damage Tolerance
requirements and
Maintainability requirements.
DoD/MIL Doc: AFGS-87139: 3.2.2.1 General; Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
3.2.2.2 Shock absorption; and Reference:
3.2.2.3 Tail bumpers. STANAG 4671.573#
25.571 Reference: CS 23.1309 #
CS 25.571 #
CS 25.1309 #
CS 27.571 #
CS 27.1309 #
CS 29.571 #
CS 29.1309 #
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - broad
reference to damage tolerance techniques
8.5.12.14 Verify that adequate and safe lift points are provided for air vehicles that require routine
external ground crew movement utilizing hands, mechanical lifts, hoists, etc.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P7 L308 2.1
STANAG 4671.507
Reference:
8.5.12.15 Verify that adequate crew station information is available to notify the flight crew of the landing
and deceleration system operational conditions and state of functionality.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 4.19.6
STANAG 4671.1793
CS 25.729
CS 25.1563
CS 27.729
CS 29.729
8.5.12.16 Verify that flight and maintenance manuals include normal, back-up, and emergency operating
procedures, limitations, restrictions, servicing, and maintenance information for all landing gear and
deceleration systems.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671.1585
CS 25.1583
CS 25.1587
CS 25.1591
CS 27.1585
CS 27.1587
CS 29.1587
Comments: No information on flight and maintenance manual with respect to landing gear
systems within DEF-STAN documentation.
8.5.12.17 Verify that all components, either individually or as part of a landing gear and deceleration
subsystem, have passed all safety-related qualification tests (e.g., proof, burst, vibration, acceleration,
explosive atmosphere, pressure cycling, and temperature cycling as required for airworthy performance).

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671 723
Reference: 4671 725
4671 726
4671 727

4671 729

CS 23.726
CS 23.727
CS 25.723
CS 27.723
CS 27.725
CS 27.727
CS 29.723
CS 29.725
CS 29.727
8.5.12.18 Verify the safe installation of the landing gear and deceleration system and their components.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 4.11.76
STANAG 4671.729
Reference:
CS 27.729 #
CS 29.729 #
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - refers
to the fact that within the CS and STANAG documents safe installation is verified by
operational tests, not explicitly declaring safe installation techniques
8.6. AUXILIARY/EMERGENCY POWER SYSTEM(S) (APS/EPS).
8.6.1 Verify that system components are safe for the intended use and environment.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.4.3.2.1.6.1.3, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 5.1.42/44 #
4.4.3.2.1.6.1.3 Reference: 00-970 P1 5.1.33 - 39
This covers auxiliary power 00-970 P1 8.1.3
units (both ground and in flight 00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 203/3
use applications), airframe 00-970 P7 Sec 7 Leaflet 700
accessory gearboxes, engine 00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1001
starting system components, 00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1002
power-take-off (PTO) shafts, STANAG 4671 1353
emergency power systems, Reference:
and ram air turbines (RATs).
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 25.1309, EASA CS CS 25J1207

25.571 Reference: CS-APU 80
CS-APU 210
CS-APU-210
CS-E-500-590
CS-E-1000
to ice formation on intakes
8.6.2 Verify that the APS/EPS operates safely under installed operating conditions over the design
envelope.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix C: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 8.1.3
C.3.4.3, C.4.4 Reference: 00-970 P1 5.2.136
00-970 P1 5.2.137
00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 203/3
00-970 P7 Sec 3 Leaflet 306/1
00-970 P7 Sec 7 Leaflet 700
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1001
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1002
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.901, EASA CS CS 25J903(a)
25.901, 25.903 (f) Reference: CS 25J939(a)
TSO C77b 4.4.1 - 4.5.2 CS-APU-40
CS=SPU-80
CS-APU 420
CS-APU 430
CS-APU 440
CS-APU 450
CS-APU 460
CS-APU 470
CS-E Sub part A#
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - CS-E
identifies a wide range of operating envelope criteria for powerplants including APUs
8.6.2.1 Verify that protective safety features (auto shutdown, etc.) are available and effective in protecting
the equipment against hazardous malfunctions and conditions such as over-speed, over-temperature and
inadvertent activation.

Comm'l Doc:
C.3.4.3.12.1, C.4.4.3.12.1 Reference: 00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 203/3

00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1001
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1002
STANAG 4671 1353
Reference:
FAA Doc: TSO C77b 4.6.2 EASA CS CS 25J1141(c)
Reference: CS 25J1189
CS-APU 270
CS-APU 280
CS 25.1141
CS 25.1189
CS-APU-450
CS-APU-460
CS-APU-530
CS-E-50
CS-E-400
CS-E-830
CS-E-860-870
CS-E-920
8.6.3 Verify that the functional and physical compatibility of the integrated system is safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix C: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 203/3
C.3.4.3, C.4.4.3 Reference: 00-970 P7 Sec 7 Leaflet 700
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1002
STANAG 4671 903
25.901, 25.903 (f) Reference: CS-APU-40
TSO C77b 4.4.1 - 4.5.2, CS-E 20
Sections 6 and 7
8.6.4 Verify that high-speed rotating components are designed to be damage tolerant, or that there are
provisions for containment of failed parts. Also, verify that any potentially uncontained fragments do not
damage SOF components or CSIs or injure personnel.

Comm'l Doc:
C.3.4.3.10.1, C.4.4.3.10.1 Reference: 00-970 P7 Sec 7 Leaflet 700
STANAG 4671 1461
Reference:

FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.903 (b), EASA CS CS 25J903(d)
23.1461, 25.901(c), 25.1461 Reference: CS 25.1461
AC 20-128, TSO C77b: 5.9, CS-APU 290
6.6, 6.7, 6.8 CS-APU 470
CS-E 80
CS-E 510
Comments: n.b. some Nations/Systems may choose to adopt a Safe-Life approach
8.6.4.1 Verify that containment or other provisions preclude a failed power-take-off (PTO) system from
causing secondary damage, due to flailing or whipping, to critical safety items (CSI) or to nearby safety of
flight component/systems, including fuel and hydraulic lines.

Comm'l Doc:
C.3.4.3.10.1, C.4.4.3.10.1 Reference: 00-970 P7 Sec 7 Leaflet 700
STANAG 4671 1461
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 25.901 (c), EASA CS CS 25.1461
25.1167 (a), (c) Reference: CS-APU 290
CS-APU 470
CS-E 80
CS-E 510
8.6.5 Verify that APS/EPS equipment in the installed configuration is free of damaging vibrations at all
operating conditions throughout the APS/EPS operational envelope.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix C: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 5.1.15-17
C.3.4.3.10.2, C.4.4.3.10.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 8.1.3
00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 203/3
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1002
STANAG 4671 901
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 25.901 (c), EASA CS CS 25J1193
25.903 (f) Reference: CS-APU-80 #
TSO C77b 5.10 CS-APU-300
CS-E 100
CS-E 650
8.6.5.1 Verify, when applicable, that the PTO system is capable of operating safely when installed at the
maximum allowable conditions of misalignment and imbalance.

Comm'l Doc:
C.3.4.3.10.2, C.4.4.3.10.2 Reference: 00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 203/3
#
00-970 P7 Sec 7 Leaflet 700 #
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1002
#
STANAG 4671 901
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 25.1167 (a), EASA CS CS 25.1167
(c) Reference: CS-APU-210 #
CS-APU-410/420 #
CS-E 520
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - for
accessories to gearboxes and general APU handling and operation
8.6.6 Verify that the emergency power system (including the APU or jet fuel starter (JFS) when deemed
flight essential) is capable of responding to failures and providing adequate levels of bleed air, shaft,
electrical and/or hydraulic power in sufficient time to meet design requirements.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix C: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.6.18 - 19
C.3.4.3.4, C.4.4.3.4 Reference: 00-970 P1 7 Sec 2 Leaflet
203/3
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1001
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1002
STANAG 4671 901
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.943, EASA CS CS-APU 440
25.901 (f), 25.943 Reference: CS-E 370
TSO C77b: 4.1, 4.4.1, 4.4.2,
4.4.3, 4.7
8.6.7 Verify that provisions for the following adequately address safety:
a. Structural mounting
b. Wiring and plumbing support, routing, and clearances
c. System/component and compartment drainage
d. System/component and compartment cooling and ventilation
e. System/components designed for appropriate level of fire hardening
f. Accessibility to all required inspection and servicing features and areas


Comm'l Doc: For b. above: ARP994,
Tubing/Plumbing Routing -
tubing and line support, routing
and clearance requirements
SAE AS50881A, Wiring,
Aerospace Vehicle - wiring
support and routing
requirements
DoD/MIL Doc: For a. above: JSSG-2009: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.26.22 #
3.2.7, 4.2.7, 3.2.7.4.4, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.27 #
4.2.7.4.4, 3.2.7.5, 4.2.7.5 00-970 P1 Sec 4 Leaflet 86 #
For b., c., and d. above: JSSG- 00-970 P1 Sec 5.1.70 - 72
2009: 3.3.8, 4.3.8 00-970 P1 Sec 5.1.110-114
For e. above: JSSG-2009: 00-970 P1 Sec 5.1.115-119 #
3.3.3, 4.3.3, 3.3.8, 4.3.8; and 00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 203/3
Appendix G: G.3.4.7, G.4.4.7 00-970 P7 Sec 7 Leaflet 700
For f. above: JSSG-2009: 00-970 P7 Sec 7 Leaflet 712
3.2.6, 4.2.6 00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1002
STANAG 4671 901
FAA Doc: For a. above: 14CFR EASA CS CS 23.1181-1203
reference: 25.901 (c), (d); and Reference: CS 25.901 *
TSO C77b: 4.8, 5.1.3, 5.2.5 CS 25.993 *
CS 25.1021 *
For b. above: 14CFR CS 25.1017 *
reference: 23.993, 23.1017, CS 25.1041-1045 *
25.901 (c), 25.993, 25.1017 CS 25.1103 *
CS 25.1181- CS 25.1207
For c. above: 14CFR CS-APU-30
reference: 25.1187; and TSO CS-APU 210
C77b: 5.27, 5.42, 5.52 CS-APU 220
CS-APU-270
For d. above: 14CFR CS-APU 300
reference: 23.1041 - 23.1045, CS-APU 310
23.1103 (a), 25.1041 - CS-E 80
25.1045, 25.1103 (a); and TSO CS-E 100
C77b Appendix 1, 5.2.7, 5.5.2 CS-E 130
CS-E 250
For e. above: 14CFR CS-E 270
reference: 23.1181 - 23.1203, CS-E 340
25.1181 - 25.1207; and TSO CS-E 690
C77b (5.2)
For f. above: 14CFR reference:

23.901, 23.1021.

8.6.8 Verify that the inlet and exhaust hazards (i.e., velocities, temperatures, acoustics, exhaust by-
products, etc.) to the ground/flight/passenger personnel, air vehicle subsystems, and air vehicle structure
are acceptable.

Comm'l Doc:
C.3.4.3.11, C.4.4.3.11 Reference: 00-970 P1 5.1.74 - 75
00-970 P7 Sec 3 Leaflet 306/1
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1002
STANAG 4671 1121
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.1091, EASA CS CS 25J939(c)
23.1103, 23.1121, 23.1123, Reference: CS 25J1091
25.1091, 25.1103, 25.1121, CS 25J1103
25.1123
CS 25J1121
TSO C77b: 5.3.1, 5.3.3, 5.6
CS-APU 230
CS-APU 260
CS 25.939
CS 25.1091
CS 25.1103
CS 25.1121
CS-APU-80
CS-APU-470
CS-E 510 #
STANAG - UAS's do not specific APU's, but do talk about emergency battery power
8.6.9 Verify that personnel hazards are properly documented in the appropriate flight/operator and
maintenance manuals (T.O.) with warnings and precautions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.3.3, 4.3.3 Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
Reference:
STANAG 4671 1121
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.1541, EASA CS CS APU-20
23.1581 (a) (2), 25.1541, Reference: CS APU-30
25.1581 (a) (2) CS E-20
CS E-30
CS E-510
Comments: Def-Stan : No specific references APU/EPS Manuals
8.6.10 Verify that compatibility of the accessory drive system with the air vehicle accessories and engine
drive system is adequately evaluated for torsional vibrations and loads as well as possible misalignments.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.2.7, 4.2.7, Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
3.2.7.4.4, 4.2.7.4.4, 3.2.7.5, Reference:
4.2.7.5 STANAG 4671 1163
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 25.1167 EASA CS CS25J1163
Reference:
8.6.11 Verify that all critical failure modes and hazards have acceptable risk levels.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 203/3
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1002
STANAG 4671 1309

Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 25.901 (c) EASA CS CS-APU-210
TSO C77b (5.1) Reference: CS E-510
8.6.12 Verify that the crew station provides for adequate control and monitoring of the system.

Comm'l Doc:
C.3.4.3.8, C4.4.3.8 Reference: 00-970 P1 5.1.22/23
00-970 P1 5.1.124
00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 203/3
STANAG 4671 U1701
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.1141 - EASA CS CS 25.1141
23.1142, 23.1549, 25.1141 - Reference: CS 25.1305
25.1142, 25.1549 CS-APU-90
CS-APU-100
CS E-50
CS E-510
8.6.13 Verify that equipment service life, overhaul, and operating limits are safe and that life-limited
components have a reliable means of tracking the limiting parameter.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.2.7.4.4, Def-Stan 00-970

4.2.7.4.4, 3.2.7.6, 4.2.7.6 Reference:
STANAG 4671 1529
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.1522, EASA CS CS-APU 150
23.1549, G23.3, 25.1522, Reference: CS-APU 310
25.1549, H25.3 CS-E 515
TSO C77b: 4.3, 4.4.1, 4.6.1,
5.7
8.6.14 Verify that the flight/operator and maintenance manuals include normal and emergency operating
procedures, limitations, servicing, and maintenance information.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2000: 3.6.2 Def-Stan 00-970
Reference:
STANAG 4671 1581
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.1581 - EASA CS CS APU-20
23.1585, G23.3 - G23.4, Reference: CS APU-30
25.1581 - 25.1585, H25.3 - CS-E-20
H25.4
CS-E-30
CS-E-510
Comments: No specific references APU/EPS Manuals
8.7. AERIAL REFUELING SYSTEM.
8.7.1 Verify that aerial refuelling operations can be safely and successfully accomplished with the
targeted tanker/receiver aerial refuelling subsystem(s).

Comm'l Doc: ATP-56
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.4.7.2.1, Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
JSSG-2009 Appendix F STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Comments: As EASA CS documents are civil docs, In-Flight Refuelling is not considered.
Consider also ISO 45 Aircraft Pressure Refuelling Connections
Note DEF-STAN does not cover flying boom and receptacle refuelling systems
8.7.1.1 Verify that the operator and maintenance manuals for the air vehicle and the targeted
tanker(s)/receiver(s) document safe aerial refuelling procedures. The manuals should identify the proper
instructions/information and placards noting restrictions and limitations in the use of the air vehicle's aerial
refuelling system(s) under all operating conditions (ground/in flight; normal/emergency).

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.7.2.2, 3.6.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 2.18 Part A Tankers
00-970 P1 2.18 Part B
Receivers
00-970 P1 4.17.6
00-970 P1 5.2.218
00-970 P1 Sec 7 Leaflet 701 #
00-970 P1 Sec 9.5
00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 1005
STANAG 3447 #
Reference: 3971
FAA Doc: Note: Use 14CFR reference EASA CS Nil
sections corresponding to Reference:
Structural and Installation
requirements. Use all systems
14CFR references as
applicable, i.e., Electrical.
Def-Stan 00-970 Part 1 Section 2 Lft 2.18 Pt A Tankers Pt B Receivers and 7/2
Section 10 Lft 1005 Flight Test
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - Def-

Stan 00-970 Part 1 Section 7 Leaflet 701 - refers to Helicopter in Flight Refuelling
(HIFR) from Ships

STANAG 3447 covers compatibility of AAR equipment and pressures
8.7.1.2 Verify that there is dimensional, physical, electrical, and material compatibility between each aerial
refuelling interface and the targeted tanker's/receivers aerial refuelling interface to permit safe
engagement.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.4.7.2.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.5.5
NATO STANAG 3447 for STANAG Nil
probe or drogue equipped Reference:
receivers dimensional
guidance
NATO STANAG 7191
UARRSI technical exhibit, for
boom or receptacle equipped
receivers dimensional
guidance

Reference:
8.7.1.2.1 Verify that all structural fastener heads around the receptacle are flush with the surrounding
structural surface.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: 3.3.11, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.5.5-9.5.6
4.3.11JSSG-2010: 3.5.3.3, Reference: 00-970 P1 9.5.13
4.5.3.3 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12
STANAG 3447 #
Reference: 3971
Reference:
8.7.1.3 Verify that the aerial refuelling system interface, its attachment to airframe structure, and the
structure surrounding the interface can withstand the loads experienced during the aerial refuelling
process (engagement, disengagement, and fuel transfer) with the tanker/receiver interface(s) without
being damaged or creating FOD.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.4.7.2.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12 #
JSSG-2009 Appendix F: STANAG Nil
F.3.4.6.2.2.5, F.4.4.6.2.2.5, Reference:
F.3.4.6.2.3.5, F.4.4.6.2.3.5
JSSG-2006: 3.4.1.7, 4.4.1.7
AFGS-87154 load guidance
MIL-A-8865A: 3.9.1.3.1 and
3.9.2.2 for load guidance
Reference:
Reference to design preventing snagging of drogue

STAN Does not address Flying boom and receptacle systems specifically.
8.7.1.4 Verify that cues (visual or equivalent) are provided on the air vehicle to assist the
crewmember(s)/operator(s)/automated system(s) of the targeted tanker(s)/ receiver(s) and the
crewmember(s)/operator(s)/automated system(s) of the air vehicle during the aerial refuelling process
under mission-defined environmental conditions. Likewise, verify that cues (visual or equivalent) provided
on the targeted tanker/receiver air vehicle(s) can be viewed/received as intended by the appropriate air
vehicle crewmember(s)/operator(s)/automated system(s), during the aerial refuelling process under
mission-defined environmental conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.7.2.2 Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12
AFGS-87154 STANAG 3447
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.1.4.1 Verify that all markings used for aerial refuelling are compatible with the expected environmental
conditions and fluid exposures (fuel, hydraulic fluid, air vehicle cleaning solvents, etc.).

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.7.2.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 9.5.21
00-970 P1 9.5.28
00-970 P1 9.5.29
00-970 P1 9.5.33
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.1.4.2 Verify that exterior aerial refuelling lights are provided on the air vehicle to assist the targeted
tanker/receiver crewmember(s)/operator(s)/automated system(s) and the air vehicle
crewmember(s)/operator(s)/automated system(s) during the aerial refuelling process.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.7.2.2, JSSG-2010: 3.5.3.3, Reference: 00-970 P1 9.5.33
4.5.3.3
AFGS-87154
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.1.4.3 Verify that the appropriate air vehicle crewmember(s)/operator(s)/automated system(s) can
view/receive exterior aerial refuelling lights provided on the targeted tanker/receiver air vehicle(s), as
intended, during the aerial refuelling process.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.7.2.2, JSSG-2010: 3.5.3.3, Reference: 00-970 P1 2.18.6
4.5.3.3 00-970 P1 2.18.21
AFGS-87154
00-970 P1 2.18.40
00-970 P1 4.17.6
00-970 P1 9.5.28 to 9.5.34
00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 1005
STANAG 3971
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.1.4.4 Verify that the intensity of each exterior aerial refuelling light, or light group, can be
independently varied to accommodate the needs of the targeted tanker/receiver
crewmember(s)/operator(s)/automated system(s) and the air vehicle
crewmember(s)/operator(s)/automated system(s).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010: 3.5.3.3.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.18.4 #
4.5.3.3.1, 3.5.3.5, 4.5.3.5 Reference: 00-970 P1 2.18.6 #
00-970 P1 2.18.21 #
00-970 P1 2.18.40 #
00-970 P1 14.17.6
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.1.4.5 Verify that the appropriate exterior aerial refuelling lights are compatible with night vision
imaging systems (NVIS) or automated systems.

Comm'l Doc:
4.5.3.2.1, 3.5.3.3, 4.5.3.3 Reference: 00-970 P1 2.18.6 #
00-970 P1 2.18.21 #

00-970 P1 2.18.40 #
00-970 P13 1.1.1.4
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.951- EASA CS Nil
23.1001, 25.951-25.1001 Reference:
8.7.1.4.6 Verify that all exterior aerial refuelling lights are compatible with the expected environmental
conditions and fluid exposures (fuel, hydraulic fluid, air vehicle cleaning solvents, etc.).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.2.7.2, 4.2.7.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.18.21 #
Reference: 00-970 P1 2.18.40 #
00-970 P1 9.5.33 #
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 25.1381 EASA CS 23.951-23.1001*
(Note: Use 14CFR reference Reference: 25.951-25.1001*
sections corresponding to
structural and installation
requirements. Use all systems
14CFR reference's as
applicable, i.e., electrical.)
* means direct read-across of 14CFR reference from MIL-HDBK-516B to EMAR 516:
23.951-23.1001, 25.951-25.1001 - these are not related to lighting of Night vision so
are not relevant.
8.7.1.5 Verify that a communication system is provided which permits the timely exchange of all identified
data/information between the crewmember(s)/operator(s)/ automated system(s) of the air vehicle and the
crewmember(s)/operator(s)/automated system(s) of the targeted tanker/receiver air vehicle(s) during the
aerial refuelling process.

Comm'l Doc:
NAVAIR 00-80T-110 section STANAG Nil
2.4.4 and 3.6.5 Reference:
Reference:
8.7.1.6 Verify that the types of fuels to be transferred/received and any allowed deviations are identified.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG 3971
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.1.7 Verify that the delivery pressure and flow rate of the transferred/received fuel are identified and
are within all applicable tanker/receiver design limits.

Comm'l Doc: ARSAG International, Doc. No.
00-03-01, "Pressure Defs &
Terms, Mar '03.doc" (4.7)
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.4.7.2.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 Sec 9.5.2
3.4.7.2.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 9.5.7
MIL-A-19736: 3.5.2.1 and 3.8.7 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12
MIL-STD-87166: 3.1.1 and STANAG Nil
4.1.1 (cancelled; use for Reference:
guidance)
Reference:
8.7.1.8 Verify that surge pressures generated during the aerial refuelling process do not exceed proof
pressure limits for the aerial refuelling system(s) of any air vehicle involved in the aerial refuelling
process.

Comm'l Doc: ARSAG 00-03-01, "Pressure
Defs & Terms, Mar '03.doc"
(3.5 and 4.7)
3.4.7.2.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 9.5.7
MIL-A-19736A: 3.5.2.3 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12
STANAG 3447
Reference: 3971
3681 #
3847 #

# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - Def-
Stan Also Refers to ASCC Air Std 25/13
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - CS -

General Fuel System Requirements
8.7.1.8.1 Verify that surge pressure conditions are safe, including, but not limited to:
a. With and without a single failure in the tanker system's pressure regulation feature(s)
b. Pump start-up surges (no flow to receiver)
c. All possible receiver valve closures (manually or automatically activated) which could terminate
flow into the receiver
d. Flowing disconnects

Definitions & Terms, Mar
'03.doc,” 3.7 and 4.7
3.4.7.2.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 9.5.8 & 9.5.11
MIL-A-19736A: 3.5.2.3 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Fuel System Over pressure regulations
8.7.1.9 Verify that any spray resultant of the aerial refuelling process does not negatively affect the safe
operation of the air vehicle(s). (Fuel spray is typically created during the engagement and disengagement
of the aerial refuelling interfaces.)

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.2.3 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.5.14
Reference: 00-970 P1 9.5.20
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.1.9.1 Verify that any fuel spray entering receiver engine(s), hazardous ignition areas, environmental
management systems, and air data systems does not compromise safety.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.2.3, 3.3.10 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 5.2.218 (5)
JSSG-2009 Appendix F: Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 9.5.14
F.3.4.6.2.2.2, F.4.4.6.2.2.2, STANAG Nil
F.3.4.6.2.3.2, F.4.4.6.2.3.2 Reference:
Reference:
8.7.1.9.2 Verify that any fuel spray that covers or contacts lights, optical windows, antennae, and any
other sensitive device does not compromise safety.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2009 Appendix F: Reference: 00-970 P1 9.5.20
F.3.4.6.2.2.2, F.4.4.6.2.2.2,
F.3.4.6.2.3.2, F.4.4.6.2.3.2 STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.1.10 Verify that satisfactory flight stability and handling qualities are achievable for the tanker/receiver
aerial refuelling interface within the specified aerial refuelling envelope.

Comm'l Doc:
3.3.11.1.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 9.5.18
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.2 Verify that each aerial refuelling system can be installed and operated (normal and single-failure
conditions) without causing loss of the air vehicle or creating a potential hazard to personnel in the
identified environment (induced and natural).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.2.7.4.4.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.18.4 to 2.18.6
4.2.7.4.4.1, 3.2.7.4.4.2,

4.2.7.4.4.2, 3.3.8, 4.3.8 Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12
MIL-STD-87166: 3.1.3 and STANAG Nil
4.1.3 guidance on expected Reference:
environments (cancelled; use
for
guidance)
Reference:
8.7.2.1 Verify that the system has been designed to minimize the hazards from lightning, static electricity,
fuel leaks, ignition sources, and ground potential.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix F: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.5.15
F.3.4.6.1.7, F.4.4.6.1.7 Reference: 00-970 P1 9.5.25
00-970 P1 2.18.4
00-970 P1 9.5.17
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.2.1.1 Verify that the receptacle installation has a fuel- and vapour-proof pressure box below it to
collect the fuel spray that may occur during aerial refuelling.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.3.8, 4.3.8; and Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.5.15
Appendix F: F.3.4.6.2.2.4, Reference: 00-970 P1 9.5.25
F.4.4.6.2.2.4 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12
STANAG 3614 #
Reference:
Reference:
Lightning Protection Regulations
8.7.2.1.2 Verify that all fluids that collect within the pressure box are capable of being drained safely.

Comm'l Doc:
Appendix F: F.3.4.6.2.2.3, Reference:
F.4.4.6.2.2.3 STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.2.1.3 For probe installations (retractable), verify that the probe compartment is fuel- and vapour-proof
such that any fuel spray that may collect in this compartment does not migrate.

Comm'l Doc:
Appendix F: F.3.4.6.2.3.3, Reference:
F.4.4.6.2.3.3 STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Fuel Vent Regulations
8.7.2.1.4 Verify that the collected fluids within the probe compartment are capable of being drained safely.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.3.8, 4.3.8;and Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.5.16
Appendix F: F.3.4.6.2.3.3, Reference: 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12 #
F.4.4.6.2.3.3
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
STAN some Reference to fuel proofness of the probe installation telescoping joints
8.7.2.1.5 For aerial refuelling pods, verify that there is adequate air flow/exchange within the pod to
preclude the build up of a flammable vapour within the pod.

Comm'l Doc:

Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.2.1.6 Verify that all fluids that can be collected within the pod are capable of being drained safely.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12
(7.2.1) #
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
STAN Refers to Fuel vapour hazards in general

8.7.2.1.7 Verify that a dry-run condition with an aerial refuelling pump does not create a potential ignition
source.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.3.3, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.5.16
4.3.3,Appendix F: 3.4.6.1.7, Reference:
4.4.6.1.7, Appendix G: STANAG
3.4.7.23, 4.4.7.23 Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.2.1.8 Verify that there is a secondary liquid- and vapour-tight barrier between the aerial refuelling fuel
tanks and identified fire hazard areas/inhabited areas.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix E: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12
E.3.4.5.6.11, E.4.4.5.6.11; and Reference: (7.1.3 - 7.1.4) #
Appendix F: F.3.4.6.1.6, STANAG
F.4.4.6.1.6, F.3.4.6.1.7, Nil
F.4.4.6.1.7 Reference:
Reference:
STAN Refers to single system failures
8.7.2.1.9 Verify that each aerial refuelling system can withstand the static discharge typically encountered
during the engagement of tanker and receiver interfaces.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 9.5.15
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Fuel Tank Regulations
8.7.2.1.10 Verify that each aerial refuelling system, in the open/deployed position and in the
closed/retracted position, is designed to withstand the appropriate lightning strike criteria.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.2.1, 3.3.10.1.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.5.13
JSSG-2009 Appendix G: Reference: 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12
3.4.7.6, 4.4.7.6 STANAG 3614#
Reference:
25.954 Reference:
8.7.2.2 Verify that the flight control/handling qualities of the air vehicle are not negatively impacted when
the aerial refuelling system is installed or operating under normal aerial refuelling and single-failure
conditions.


Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.11.1.1.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.18.4
Reference: 00-970 P12.18.15
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.2.2.1 Verify that the flight control/handling qualities of the air vehicle are not degraded below safe
limits, and the air vehicle can safely land when the system interface cannot be returned to its fully stowed
configuration.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 2.18.16
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.2.2.2 For aerial refuelling pods, verify that any ram air turbine (RAT) failure mode does not degrade
flight control/handling qualities of the air vehicle below acceptable limits.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix F: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12
3.4.6.1.1, 4.4.6.1.1, 3.4.6.1.2, Reference:
4.4.6.1.2 STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 25.1309 EASA CS Nil
Reference:
8.7.2.3 Verify that in-flight egress, ground emergency egress, and assisted egress of any crewmember
are not affected when the system interface cannot be returned to its fully stowed configuration.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix F: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 Sec 2.18.4 #

F.3.4.6.2.2.2, F.4.4.6.2.2.2, Reference:
F.3.4.6.2.3.2, F.4.4.6.2.3.2 STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
STAN covers all failure modes
8.7.2.4 Verify that built-in-test (BIT) and fault isolation provisions are available to appropriate
crewmember(s)/operator(s)/maintenance personnel to ensure safe ground or in-flight operations under all
configuration options.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.2.9, 4.2.9 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 Sec 9 Leaflet 12
Reference: (7.4.1) #
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
STAN covers all failure modes
8.7.3 Verify that the flight control/handling qualities of the air vehicle are not negatively impacted by the
removal of hardware associated with an aerial refuelling system. For tankers, this may include pods,
palletized systems, and fuel tanks that must be removed to reconfigure the tanker for another mission.
For receivers, this may include probe installations that are not permanent.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.3.1 When aerial refuelling hardware is removed, verify that interfaces with other systems (e.g.,
electrical, hydraulic, and fuel system) are properly covered, sealed, isolated, etc., to preclude providing a
new leak or ignition source in the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix F: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.18
F.3.4.6.1.5, F.4.4.6.1.5 Reference: 00-970 P1 S9 Leaflet 12
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.4 Verify that each aerial refuelling system, as installed, can meet its design and performance
requirements when operated within the specified parameters.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.1, 4.1; and Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
Appendix F: F.3.4.6, F.4.4.6 Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.4.1 Verify that the plumbing/components in each aerial refuelling system (as completely assembled
and installed within the air vehicle) can withstand exposure to the specified proof pressure limit without
resulting in fuel leakage and system performance degradation.

Defs & Terms, Mar '03.doc" 3.5
and 4.7
F.3.4.6.1.3, F.4.4.6.1.3 Reference: 00-970 P1 2.18
00-970 P1 S9 Leaflet 12
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.4.2 Verify that critical operational functions and functional modes are provided in the aerial refuelling
system to ensure the aerial refuelling process can be conducted safely.

Comm'l Doc:

F.3.4.6.2.2.7, F.4.4.6.2.2.7, Reference:
F.3.4.6.2.3.1.2, F.4.4.6.2.3.1.2 STANAG 3105 #
Reference: 3681 #

Reference:
Pressure Refuelling Systems overpressure regulations
8.7.4.3 Verify that controls are provided and properly located for the appropriate
crewmember(s)/operator(s) to activate and control the identified functions of the aerial refuelling system.

Comm'l Doc:
F.3.4.6.2.1.3, F.4.4.6.2.1.3 Reference: 00-970 P1 2.18
JSSG-2010: 3.2.14, 4.2.14 00-970 P1 S9 Leaflet 12
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.4.4 Verify that displays are provided and properly located for the appropriate
crewmember(s)/operator(s) to indicate the necessary information to conduct the aerial refuelling operation
safely.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 4.19.38
00-970 P1 4.19.41
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.4.5 Verify that display lights are variable intensity and, if appropriate, NVIS compatible.

Comm'l Doc:

4.5.2.1.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.19.41
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.5 Verify that the installation and operation of each aerial refuelling system (normal/single-failure
conditions) does not negatively impact the operation of other systems on the air vehicle or on the targeted
tanker(s)/receiver(s) throughout the mission(s) of the air vehicle or the targeted tanker(s)/receiver(s).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix F: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.3.3-4.3.4
F.3.4.6.1.1, F.4.4.6.1.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.15.48-4.15.64
00-970 P1 4.15.63
STANAG 3224
Reference:
Reference:
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - CS:
Cockpit lighting
8.7.5.1 Verify that any fuel tank vent system can accommodate the maximum refuel/transfer rate and
pressures associated with aerial refuelling transfer rates encountered during aerial refuelling normal
operations and single-failure conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix F: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 2.18
F.3.4.6.1.6, F.4.4.6.1.6 Reference: 00-970 P1 S9 Leaflet 12
STANAG 3105 #
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.5.2 Verify that no ground or flight hazards are created if leakage occurs in the air vehicle fuel system
and/or other aerial refuelling system plumbing during aerial refuelling operations. Consider leakage due to
a failure of the sealing mechanism at the single-point refuelling adapter, at the pressure defueling
adapter, or at the other aerial refuelling system interface(s).

Comm'l Doc:

F.3.4.6.1.6, F.4.4.6.1.6 Reference: 00-970 P1 9.5.10
00-970 P1 S9 Leaflet 12
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.5.3 For tankers carrying a unique fuel for the designated receiver air vehicle(s), which cannot be
utilized by the tanker's propulsion system(s), verify that there is adequate isolation of the aerial refuelling
system from the tanker's fuel system.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix F: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.5.14/15
F.3.4.6.1.6, F.4.4.6.1.6 Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Fuel Drain Regulations
8.7.5.4 Verify that any data communication system provided on the air vehicle is compatible with (1) the
flight control system on the air vehicle, (2) other electrical systems on the air vehicle, and (3) the flight
control and electrical systems on the targeted tanker(s)/receiver(s).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.4.7.2.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S9 Leaflet 12
3.4.7.2.2 Reference: (6.3.4)
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.5.5 Verify that the field of view of the crew member(s)/operator(s)/automated system(s) is adequate
during landing and during other critical flight phases when an aerial refuelling system is installed, is
operating, or fails to return to the fully stowed configuration.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010: 3.3.2.1, 4.3.2.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.5.21
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.5.6 When the plumbing of the aerial refuelling system interfaces with the fuel system plumbing of the
air vehicle or of other aerial refuelling systems, verify that a leak in the aerial refuelling system plumbing
does not impact the fuel system's fuel management functions (engine feed, thermal management, centre
of gravity control, etc.).

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix F: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S9 Leaflet 12
F.3.4.6.1.1, F.4.4.6.1.1, Reference:
F.3.4.6.1.5, F.4.4.6.1.5 STANAG 3971
Reference:
Reference:
8.7.5.7 Verify that electrical failures within the aerial refuelling system do not adversely affect the air
vehicle electrical system.

Comm'l Doc:
F.3.4.6.1.1, F.4.4.6.1.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 S 9 Leaflet 12 #
STANAG 3105#
Reference: 3681#
Reference:
Reference to probe failures not affecting overall fuel system integrity
8.7.5.8 When aerial refuelling components interface with the fuel or hydraulic system, verify that
pressures and temperatures within the fuel/hydraulic system remain within safe limits under normal aerial
refuelling operations and single-failure conditions. Typical components for consideration are RAT-driven
pumps in aerial refuelling pods, aerial refuelling pumps, probe door actuation/retraction mechanisms,
probe extension/retraction mechanisms, and receptacle door/toggle latch mechanisms.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 Appendix F: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S9 Leaflet 12
F.3.4.6.1.1, F.4.4.6.1.1 Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Equipment Failure
8.8. DELETED - PROPULSION INSTALLATIONS MOVED TO SECTION 7.2.5
8.9. MECHANISMS
(Equipment involved in the securing, fastening, and mechanizing of air vehicle doors, hatches, ramps,
weapon launchers, etc.; includes items such as locks, latches, bearings, hinges, linkages, indicators, and
actuators.) Mechanical actuation subsystems that provide motion and position locking functions for
stowable and deployable surfaces such as folding wing panels, folding rotor blade systems, folding tail
rotors/pylons, air scoops, air vents, and weapons bay doors in ground and air applications for both
operational and maintenance purposes.
Equipment that is mechanical in form, fit, and function, but not covered by any other system-level
requirements should be included herein.
8.9.1 Verify that all SOF critical mechanisms perform their allocated air vehicle functions under their
specified operating environments and conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: Appendix I, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.20.5
3.4.9.1, 3.4.9.4 Reference:
MIL-M-87222 Mechanical STANAG 4671 783
Systems for Aircraft Doors and Reference: 4671 843 #
Canopies - inactive for new
design
CS 23.813
CS 23.843 #
CS 25.783
CS 25.813
CS 25.843 #
CS 27.783
CS 27.807

CS 29.783
CS 29.809
testing of doors under pressurisation
STANAG 4671 807 and 813 are not applicable, i.e. no emergency exits aboard UAS
8.9.2 Verify that damage or permanent deformation to latches or support structures does not result from
the most critical jam load condition.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.9.1, 3.4.9.4 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.20.5 #
MIL-M-87222 Mechanical STANAG 4671.783
Systems for Aircraft Doors and Reference:
Canopies: 3.1.4.9; 3.1.5.9;
4.1.4.9; 4.1.5.9 - inactive for
new design
CS 23.813
CS 25.783
CS 25.809
CS 27.807
CS 29.783
CS 29.809
testing of doors under pressurisation
STANAG 4671 807 and 813 are not applicable, i.e. no emergency exits aboard UAS
8.9.3 Verify that the failure of any mechanism does not cause the loss of control of the air vehicle or
prevent continued safe flight and landing.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: Appendix I, Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
3.4.9.1, 3.4.9.4 Reference:
MIL-M-87222 Mechanical STANAG 4671.783#
Canopies: 3.1.2.4; 4.1.2.4 -
inactive for new design
CS 29.783 #
assumption made that inadvertent opening result in loss of control of aircraft
8.9.4 Verify that inadvertent loosening or opening of air vehicle doors, door latches, locks, or fasteners
does not restrict the operation of any flight control system.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.9.1.3, 3.4.9.4, 3.4.9.3 Reference:
Canopies: 3.1.2.6; 4.1.2.6 -
CS 29 783 #
to inspection requirements to ensure correct operation
Note that there is no relevant information within CS 27
8.9.5 Verify that no single failure allows any latch to open inadvertently.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.9.1.3, 3.4.9.4 Reference:
Canopies: 3.1.5.1; 4.1.4.2 -
CS 29 783
Comments: Note that there is no relevant information within CS 27
8.9.6 Verify that any locking system is incapable of locking or indicating it is locked unless all the latches
are properly latched in the fully secured position.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.9.1, 3.4.9.4 Reference:
Canopies: 4.1.5.7 - inactive for
new design
CS 29,783
8.9.7 Verify that all air vehicle doors, whose inadvertent opening would present a probable hazard to
continued safe flight and landing, have provisions to prevent depressurization of the air vehicle to an
unsafe level if the doors are not fully closed, latched, and locked.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: Appendix I, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.20.7 #
3.4.9.1, 3.4.9.4 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.20.8 #
MIL-M-87222 Mechanical STANAG Nil
Canopies: 3.1.5.8; 4.1.5.8 -
Reference:
Stan references aim to ensure that depressurisation is not permitted
Only CS 25 appears to provide relevant information on this subject.
8.9.8 Verify that the indication system continuously monitors and provides an unsafe indication when the
door, latching, or locking system is unsecured, and provides a safe indication when the system is
secured.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.9.1, 3.4.9.4 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.23.10
Canopies: 3.1.7.1; 4.1.7.1 -
Cs 29.783
8.9.9 Verify that the door control systems are designed for emergency operation by means of manual
actuation of the door/drive sequence.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: Appendix I, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P13 1.6.15.5
3.4.9.1, 3.4.9.4.11 Reference:
MIL-M-87222 Mechanical STANAG Nil
Canopies: 3.1.9.4; 4.1.9.4 -

CS 27.807
Cs 29.809
Comments: There does not appear to be a relevant STANAG 4671 reference, as this is an
unmanned aircraft
8.9.10 Verify that all door seals prevent rain or water leakage into the air vehicle during all flight and
ground operations and while the air vehicle is parked and depressurized under storm conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: Appendix I: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.20.16 #
3.4.9.1.10; 3.4.9.4 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.3.4
Canopies: 3.1.10.2; 4.1.10.2 -
CS 27.609 #
CS 29.609 #
Comments: # means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - DEF-
STAN 4.20.16 refers to seals, but only with respect to their presence and
maintenance, not their functionality

relates to protection of structure and effects of the weather
8.9.11 Verify that all actuation subsystems are able to be locked and unlocked, provide for folding,
unfolding, and deploying, and can be folded, unfolded, and deployed within a wind environment that
encompasses atmospheric and weather-induced conditions, wind-over-deck from carrier vessel
movement, and downwash and jet wash conditions caused by other vehicles expected in the operational
ground/deck environment.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009, Appendix I: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.4.30 #
3.4.9.1.10; 3.4.9.4; I.4.4.9.4.1 Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
to inspection of folding surfaces inferring that all subsystems should be looked at.
No EASA or STANAG comparisons could be found for this particular criteria, which

appears to focus upon military folding surface aircraft upon carries (Naval aircraft)
Some Information is presented with respect to actuators within Leaflet 29 of DEF-

STAN 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 - Hydraulic Actuator Impedance
8.9.12 Verify that mechanisms that provide a structural load path incorporate redundant means of locking
the mechanism in position.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009, Appendix I: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 3.4.15 #
3.4.9.1.10; 3.4.9.4; 3.4.9.4.2; Reference:
4.4.9.4.2 STANAG 4671.729
Reference:
CS 27.729
CS 29.729
applicable to bomb doors
8.9.13 Verify that the locked-or-unlocked condition of mechanisms with sensors is displayed in the
cockpit, on aircraft, and in all remote operator control locations during ground operations.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009, Appendix I: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.20.7
3.4.9.4; 3.4.9.4.3; 4.4.9.4.3 Reference:
STANAG 4671.1721
Reference:
CS 29.783
Comments: Since the STANAG 4671 relates to UAS and there is no cockpit crew, refer instead to
1721 - visual indication of malfunctions
8.9.14 Verify that, when applicable, a means is provided for controlling utility actuation. Where possible,
include a separate means for "motion" and "locking" control.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009, Appendix I: Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
3.4.9.1.10; 3.4.9.4; 3.4.9.4.4; Reference:
Reference:
Reference:

Comments: No relevant references could be found here within all the available documentation
8.9.15 Verify that actuation subsystems that have a provision for manual operation include safety devices
to prevent injury to maintainers in case of inadvertent application of power during a manually powered
operation, and incorporate a controlled deployment speed at a specified safe rate.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.9.1.10; 3.4.9.4; 3.4.9.4.5; Reference:
Reference:
No relevant DEF-STAN or STANAG information could be found
8.9.16 Verify that utility actuation subsystems are capable of operating from the ground power supplied to
the air vehicle as well as air vehicle supplied power.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.9.1.10; 3.4.9.4; 3.4.9.4.6; Reference:
Reference:
Reference:
8.9.17 Verify that all actuation subsystems are able to perform their specified function within the specified
safe time and cycle. Also specify allowable intervals between actuation cycles as well as total cycles
expected during the application lifetime.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.9.1.10; 3.4.9.4; 3.4.9.4.7; Reference:
Reference:
Reference:
8.9.18 Verify that utility actuation subsystems incorporate some means to prevent damage to adjacent
movable surfaces (for example, flaps) during folding and unfolding operations.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.9.1.10; 3.4.9.4; 3.4.9.4.8; Reference:
Reference:
Reference:
8.9.19 Verify that the actuation subsystem attachment is not an integral part of the air vehicle structure,
such as a wing rib, but is a replaceable attachment designed so that, in case of an overload or fatigue
failure, the attachment fails in lieu of a structural component failure on the primary air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.9.1.10; 3.4.9.4; 3.4.9.4.9; Reference:
Reference:
Reference:
8.9.20 Verify that clearance is provided in the deployed or stowed position and during the deployment
operation to prevent damage to the surface, attached equipment, and to other areas of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
3.4.9.1.10; 3.4.9.4; 3.4.9.4.10; Reference:
Reference:
Reference:
8.9.21 Verify that utility actuation mechanisms used during ground operations have a purely manual
backup available for motive power and locking/unlocking purposes if the primary mode of operation is
automatic or powered (or both). And verify that subsystems used for purely in-flight applications also have
means incorporated to allow cockpit controlled activation for ground maintenance actions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009, Appendix I: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.20.11
3.4.9.1.10; 3.4.9.4; 3.4.9.4.11; Reference:

Reference:
Reference:
8.9.22 Verify that the locked-unlocked condition of mechanisms used during ground operations is
displayed visually, externally, by purely mechanical, nonelectric means.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 I: 3.4.9.4.13; Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.20.7
STANAG 4671.783
Reference:
CS 29.783
8.9.23 Verify that for ground operation with power off, means are provided to hold the air vehicle doors in
the open or closed position, and that manually operated hold-open latches are provided to secure doors
in the open position, incorporate a lock, and are located in an area where personnel can access safely.
Also verify that subsequent power operation of the doors, with these means left in place, will not result in
damage.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG 3.4.9.1.c, 3.4.9.1.13 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.20.11 #
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Stan relates to mechanical operation of hoods
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - Only

CS 25.783 discuss topics that are similar to those within the MIL-HDBK-516B criteria
8.9.24 Verify that the controls automatically stop the sequence in the event a malfunction or failure occurs
part way through a cycle, and in the event of a power interruption, doors do not change position, and the
door controls go to the stop position and remain in the stop position upon resumption of power.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG 3.4.9.1.2, 3.4.9.1.9.a, Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
3.4.9.1.9.d Reference:
STANAG Nil

Reference:
Reference:
8.9.25 Verify that the controls are capable of stopping or reversing door movement at any time in the
cycle at the option of the operator by selecting the appropriate control option.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.9.26 Verify that locking mechanisms incorporate a means of operational command interrupt to prevent
in-flight actuation of ground-only operating systems, that all mechanical and powered locks and actuators
are designed to prevent undesired surface positioning in flight, and that the "fold" sequence requires two
separate, deliberate actions in the case of flight critical surfaces.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG 3.4.9.4.2 Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.9.27 Verify that provisions are incorporated to (a) prevent actuation following activation and subsequent
relief of safety devices, (b) provide for locking of folding wings, blades, or other surfaces in the
folded/stowed position, and (c) ensure locks are positive and do not depend on any power source to
remain engaged.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:

8.9.28 Verify that removable surface securing devices, if specifically permitted by the Government, have
strength equal to or exceeding that of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.9.29 Verify that airframe bearings are capable of safely joining mechanical elements; transmitting
design loads through the full range of the system operating parameters; permitting rotation, misalignment,
or both while maintaining a specified dimensional relationship between the joined elements; and reducing
friction and wear more predictably.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009 App 1.3.4.9.2 Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
MIL-HDBK-1599 Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
8.10. EXTERNAL CARGO HOOK SYSTEMS (ROTARY WING).
8.10.1 Verify that the cargo hook system operation in normal, automatic, and emergency modes does not
adversely affect safety of the air vehicle system.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Refer to technical point of Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 205,
contact for this discipline (listed Reference: 205/1 & 205/2
in section A.2) STANAG 2445
Reference: 2286
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference Parts 27 and EASA CS CS 27.25
29 Reference: CS 27.865
CS 29.25
CS 29.865
Applies to RW Platforms
# - AMC 27.865
Class D (Human External Cargo) for Operations within Europe
8.10.2 Verify that the cargo hook system cockpit switches and indicators provide for normal, automatic,
and emergency release of cargo.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Refer to technical point of Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 Sec 1 Leaflet 105
contact for this discipline (listed Reference: (11.3) #
in section A.2) 00-970 P7 Sec 7 Leaflet 714
(2.4) #
00-970 P7 L205 2.7
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 133 EASA CS CS 27.865(b)
Amendment No. 133-11, 133 Reference: CS 27.865(c)
Amendment No. 133-9 CS 29.865(b)
(Rotorcraft External-Load
CS 29.865(c)
Operations)
Cannot locate specific Equivalents

# - AMC 27.865
8.10.3 Verify that the cargo can be hooked safely to the hook and that the manuals contain the maximum
and minimum loads for safe movement of cargo.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Refer to technical point of Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 205,
in section A.2) STANAG 2445
Reference: 2286
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 133 EASA CS CS 27.865
Rotorcraft External-Load Reference: CS 29.865
Operations, subpart D-
Airworthiness Requirements,
sec.133.45

# - AMC 27.865
8.10.4 Verify that the electromagnetic environment of the air vehicle is compatible with safe loading and
release of cargo.

Comm'l Doc:
contact for this discipline, listed Reference: 00-970 P7 Sec 7 Leaflet 708
in section A.2 00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1003
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1011
#
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1017
& 1017/1
00-970 Volume 2 Leaflet
10.1.4 Bonding and Screening
00-970 P7 L205 2.8
00-970 P7 L1017 7.3
STANAG 3516 #
Reference:
(Part 27 Airworthiness Reference: CS 27.1351-1367
Standards: Normal Category CS 29.865
Rotorcraft, subpart D-Design
CS 29.1351-1363
and Construction)
14CFR references: 29.865
(Part 29 Airworthiness
Standards: Transport Category
Rotorcraft, Subpart D-Design
and Construction)
CS 29 Reference general electrical systems & equipment

No specific CS.
8.10.5 Verify that the air vehicle structure can support all loads imposed by the external transport of cargo
during operational usage.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Refer to the technical point of Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 205,
in section A.2) 00-970 L205 2.2
00-970 L1017 8.1.4
STANAG 2445

Reference: 2286
CS 29.25
CS 29.865
# - AMC 27.865
8.10.6 Verify that the external cargo hook and supporting structure limits are defined and are published in
all applicable operator and maintenance manuals.

Comm'l Doc:
in section A.2) STANAG 2445 #
Reference: 2286 #
CS29.25
CS 29.865
# - AMC 27.865
8.10.7 Verify that air vehicle flight performance/control is not adversely affected by load movement
experienced during external load operations and the emergency jettison of external cargo.

Comm'l Doc:
& 1017/1
00-970 L205 7.2
STANAG 2445
Reference: 2286
# - AMC 27.865
8.11. EXTERNAL RESCUE HOIST (ROTARY WING).
8.11.1 Verify that the external rescue hoist system does not adversely affect safety to personnel or to the
air vehicle system.

Comm'l Doc:
contact for this discipline (listed Reference: 00-970 P7 Sec 7 Leaflet 723
& 1017/1
STANAG 2445 #
Reference: 2286 #
Comments: Leaflet 723 Rescue Hoist And Sonar Hoist Installations
AMC 27.865
8.11.2 Verify that the hoist system operates safely under rated and emergency loading conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
& 1017/1
00-970 L1017 8.2.1
STANAG 2445 #
Reference: 2286 #
Leaflet 723 Rescue Hoist And Sonar Hoist Installations
AMC 27.865

8.11.3 Verify that the electromagnetic environment of the air vehicle is compatible with safe operation of
the rescue hoist.

Comm'l Doc:
#
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1017
& 1017/1
00-970 Volume 2 Leaflet
10.1.4 Bonding and Screening
STANAG 3516 #
Reference:
Reference: CS 27.1351-1367
CS 29.865
CS 29.1351-1363
Comments: Def-Stan Leaflet 723 Rescue Hoist And Sonar Hoist Installations
CS 29 Reference general electrical systems & equipment
No specific CS.
8.12. FAST ROPE INSERTION/EXTRACTION SYSTEM (FRIES) (ROTARY WING).
8.12.1 Verify that H-bar and FRIES bar provides for the safe insertion and extraction of personnel into
and out of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Refer to technical point of Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 Sec 2 Leaflet 205/1
contact for this discipline (listed Reference: & 205/2 #
in section A.2) 00-970 P7 Sec 4 Leaflet 407/4
#
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1017
& 1017/1
STANAG 2445 #
Reference: 2286 #

No references to Fast Rope/Abseil in any documents. The closest equivalent you

could consider is under slung loads: Def-Stan 00-970 Part 7 Section 2 Leaflet 205/1
& 205/2.
Section 7 Leaflet 407/4 refers to degradation of fibrous materials and refers to ropes
used for abseil
However, relevant lifting tackle regulations are also applicable, but not referenced in
these documents
CS 27.865 relates to Class D (Human External Cargo) for Operations within Europe
8.12.2 Verify that the back-up structure possesses adequate structural margins of safety for the safe
insertion and extraction of personnel.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Refer to technical point of Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 Sec 2, Leaflet 205/1
contact for this discipline (listed Reference: #
in section A.2) 00-970 P7 Sec 2, Leaflet 205/2
#
00-970 P7 Sec 10 Leaflet 1017
& 1017/1
STANAG 2445 #
Reference: 2286 #
Applicable Def-Stans refer to underslung loads and Role Equipment Structural

strength. Normal Structural Guidance in section 5 will also apply.
CS 27.865 relates to Class D (Human External Cargo) for Operations within Europe
SECTION 9 - CREW SYSTEMS

The crew systems area consists of the following elements: pilot-vehicle interface, aircrew station
(accommodations, lighting, furnishings, and equipment), human-machine interface, UAS/ROA control
station (operator accommodations, lighting, and equipment), the life support system, the emergency
escape and survival system, the transparency system, crash survivability, and air transportability.

1. Escape system requirements and validation
2. Crew station layout/geometry review
3. Human factors
4. Failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis (FMECA)
5. Life support system requirements and validation
6. Crash survivability requirements and validation
7. Lighting system design, analysis, test reports
8. Transparency integration
9. Air transportability, cargo, and airdrop systems
10. Load analyses
11. Aeroservoelastic analyses
12. Test plans
13. Test reports
14. Proof test results
15. Simulation test, modelling and results

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010 Crew Systems Def-Stan 00-970
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: AC 20-41A, AC 20-60 EASA CS
Reference:
9.1. ESCAPE AND EGRESS SYSTEM.
This element provides the means whereby the occupant(s) can leave the air vehicle during in-flight,
water, and ground emergencies. It may include the following equipment and devices: the ejection seat (if
equipped), restraint system, escape sequencing system, cartridge actuated or pyrotechnic actuated
devices (CAD/PAD), canopy jettison (including thrusters and rockets), escape path clearance,
parachute(s), provisions for survival equipment (flares, medicine, radio, sustenance, arms, emergency
oxygen, flotation equipment), manual bailout, emergency escape exits, escape paths, life rafts, slides,
emergency ground egress provisions, and aeromedical evacuation.
9.1.1 Verify that the escape system is safe for human use and compatible with the aircraft.


Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-3: 3.3.4 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.22.63
JSSG-2010-7: 3.7.3.5.3 Reference: 00-970 4.23.40-4.23.49
JSSG-2010-11: 3.11.7,
3.11.7.2, 7.3.3.3.5.3 STANAG
NATO Working Party 61 Reference:
CS 29.803
Comments: CS 23.803 and 29.803 have been included, but cover emergency evacuation rather
than assisted escape system.
There is no equivalent para. CS 27.803.
9.1.1.1 Verify that the systems and subsystems of the escape system have a designed and demonstrated
reliability sufficient for use.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.22.66
MIL-C-83124 Reference:
MIL-C-83125 STANAG
MIL-C-83126 Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: Escape system is assumed to be assisted, therefore not a civil requirement.
9.1.2 Verify that escape exits and escape routes are provided in appropriate sizes and numbers for
emergency evacuation, landing or ditching to permit timely and complete egress of occupants.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: NATO Draft Working Party 61B Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.20.2
JSSG-2010 Reference: 00-970 4.22.3
00-970 4.23.2
00-970 4.23.6
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference 25.803 EASA CS CS 23.803(a)
CS 25.807(d)
CS 27.807
CS 29.805
CS 29.807
9.1.3 Verify that emergency exits have operating instructions and markings, both internally and externally.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.10.2.3 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.23.5
JSSG-2010: 3.8, 4.8, 3.9, 4.9, Reference:
3.11, 4.11, 3.12, 4.12, 3.13, STANAG
4.13, 3.14, 4.14 Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.803- EASA CS CS 23.807(d)
23.815, 25.801-25.819, Reference: CS 23.811
23.1411, 23.1415, 25.1411, CS 25.807(d)
25.1415, 25.813, 23.813, 25
CS 25.810
Appendix F; 25 Appendix J
25.1423 CS 25.811
CS 27.807
CS 29.811
Comments: CS 23.803-23.815 and 25.801-25.819 covers whole emergency provisions section.
CS 23.1411, 23.1415, 25.1411, 23.1415 covers general safety equipment, not
emergency exits.
CS 23.813 and 25.813 covers emergency exit access, not instructions and markings.
CS 29.807 males no mention of markings.
9.1.4 Verify that devices for ground emergency egress assist (slides, descent reels, life rafts, etc.) and
their deployment handles/actuators meet safety requirements.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2010: 3.8, 4.8, 3.9, 4.9, Reference:
3.11, 4.11, 3.12, 4.12, 3.13, STANAG
4.13, 3.14, 4.14 Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.803- EASA CS CS 23.1411
23.815, 25.801-25.819, Reference: CS 23.1415
23.1411, 23.1415, 25.1411, CS 25.810
25.1415
CS 25.1411
CS 25.1415
CS 27.1411
CS 27.1415
CS 29.1411
CS 29.1415
Comments: 00-970 6.8.22 covers liferafts only.
CS 23.803-23.815 and 25.801-25.819 covers whole emergency provisions section.
9.1.5 Verify that ground/ditching emergency egress and rescue processes and procedures exist, are
incorporated in system documentation, and are implemented in training.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.10.2.3, JSSG- Def-Stan 00-970
2010: 3.8, 4.8, 3.9, 4.9, 3.11, Reference:
4.11, 3.12, 4.12, 3.13, 4.13, STANAG
3.14, 4.14
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.803- EASA CS
23.815, 25.801-25.819, Reference:
23.1411, 23.1415, 25.1411,
25.1415
Comments: Inclusion of information in manuals does not appear to have been a consideration of
00-970.
CS 23.803-23815 and 25.801-25.819 cover whole emergency provisions section.
CS 23.1411, 23.1415, 25.1411, 25.1415 do not discuss training.
9.1.6 Verify that egress equipment exists to aid escape in the event exits are blocked, damaged, or when
exit opening actuation fails.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: No information available in Def-Stan 00-970 CS 25.807(d)(5)
current JSSG. Information to Reference:
be included in next revision of STANAG
JSSG.
Reference:
FAA Doc: 121.309, 121.310 EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: There is no equivalent para. 23.807(d)(5).
There is no equivalent para. 27.807(d)(5).
There is no equivalent para. 29.807(d)(5).
9.2. CREW STATIONS AND AIRCRAFT INTERIORS.
Aircrew station (accommodations, lighting, furnishings and equipment): This element provides the
crewmember with crew station geometry covering workspace size and arrangement as specified by the
anthropometric requirements, internal and external visibility necessary to perform the specified missions
safely, cockpit illumination (primary, secondary, night vision imaging systems (NVIS), laser eye protection
(LEP), utility and emergency lighting), thermal and acoustic protection, and storage facilities. Additionally,
for manned air vehicles, other elements include sanitary facilities, cockpit finish and trim, instrument panel
and consoles, and protection from cockpit generated reflections (glare shields). It may also cover
boarding arrangements such as ropes or ladders. Crew and passenger accommodations may also be
covered.
This element also covers UAS/ROA control station requirements, where appropriate.
9.2.1 Verify that all controls and displays are arranged and located so that they are completely functional
and visible and that cockpit or operator station geometry (including seats) accommodates the specified
multivariate flight and mission crew population.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010: 3.1, 4.1, 3.2, 4.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.16.5
3.3, 4.3, 3.4, 4.4, 3.5, 4.5, 3.14, Reference: 00-970 4.19.46
4.14 00-970 4.19.51
JSSG-2001: 3.4.3.1.1, typical
00-970 L105 3.1
anthropometric dimensions
00-970 L105 15.1
and ranges considered
STANAG 4671 1703
acceptable to accommodate
Reference:
the US pilot population
JSSG-2001: 3.4.3.1.5,
guidance on controls and
displays
MIL-STD-1472, section 5.6,
design criteria and features
recommended to provide
human accommodation
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.777, EASA CS CS 23.773(a)
CS 25.773(a)
CS 25.777
CS 27.773(a)
CS 27.777
CS 29.773(a)
CS 29.777
9.2.1.1 Verify that all displays are readable, from all crewmember (or operator/controller) eye positions,
under the full range of ambient conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
3.3, 4.3, 3.4, 4.4, 3.5, 4.5, 3.14, Reference: 00-970 4.15.54
4.14 00-970 4.15.55
MIL-STD-1472, section 5.2
00-970 4.16.5
addresses visual displays of
00-970 4.19.46
various types
00-970 4.19.51
00-970 105.15.2
STANAG 4671 1721
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.777, EASA CS CS 23.777(b)
CS 27.777(b)
CS 29.777
9.2.1.2 Verify that the interior and exterior fields of view are sufficient to safely perform all flight and
mission-critical functions.


Comm'l Doc:
3.3, 4.3, 3.4, 4.4, 3.5, 4.5, 3.14, Reference: 00-970 4.17.2
4.14 00-970 4.17.6-4.17.10
JSSG-2010: 4.3.2, rectilinear
00-970 L104 2.1
plots
00-970 L1042.2
JSSG-2010-3: 3.3.2, rectilinear
00-970 L104 3.6
plots
00-970 L104 4
JSSG-2001: 3.4.3.1.7 and
3.4.3.1.8, 2. interior and
STANAG 4671 1701
exterior vision, respectively
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.771- EASA CS CS 23.773(a)
23.781, 25.771-25.781 Reference: CS 25.773
CS 27.773(a)
CS 29.773(a)
Comments: CS 23.771-23.781 and CS 25.771-25.781 cover general cockpit arrangements.
9.2.2 Verify that all controls are properly designed and can be operated through their complete range of
travel without interference with other controls, structures, or crewmembers' bodies; and that all
emergency action controls are reachable by the aircrew member from a restrained shoulder position in all
air vehicle attitudes and throughout the complete range of "g" force loads.

Comm'l Doc:
3.3, 4.3, 3.4, 4.4, 3.5, 4.5, 3.14, Reference: 00-970 4.16.6
4.14 00-970 4.16.18
JSSG-2001: 3.4.3.1.1, typical
anthropometric dimensions
STANAG 4671 1731
and ranges considered
Reference:
acceptable to accommodate
the US pilot population
JSSG-2010-3: 4.3.3, Table VI,
definition and application of
zones
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.771- EASA CS CS 23.777(b)
23.781, 25.771-25.781 Reference: CS 23.779
CS 25.777
CS 25.779
CS 27.777
CS 27.779
CS 29.777
CS 29.779
Comments: CS 23.771-23.781 and CS 25.771-25.781 cover general cockpit arrangements.

All CS paras, referenced do not take into account the effects of 'g'.
9.2.3 Verify that the master caution and warning systems' displays are located in the prime visual signal
area, and that all warning and caution situations are displayed and/or conveyed to the aircrew or operator
in a fashion that permits recognition in sufficient time to take actions necessary for safe flight.

Comm'l Doc:
3.3, 4.3, 3.4, 4.4, 3.5, 4.5, 3.14, Reference:
4.14 STANAG 4671 1721
Reference:
23.1322, 25.1321-25.1322 Reference: CS 23.1322
CS 25.1321
CS 25.1322
CS 27.1321
CS 27.1322
CS 29.1321
CS 29.1322
9.2.4 Verify that emergency action controls are properly marked.

Comm'l Doc:
3.3, 4.3, 3.4, 4.4, 3.9.7, 3.14, Reference:
4.14 STANAG 4671 1732
Reference:
23.1561, 25.1555, 25.1561 Reference: CS 23.1561
CS 25.1555
CS 25.1561
CS 23.1555
CS 23.1561
CS 25.1555
CS 25.1561
9.2.5 Verify that, if appropriate, the design allows each crewmember, in an emergency, to operate all
controls essential for crew survival.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
CS 25.1411

CS 25.1555
Comments: CS 28.851 - fire extinquishers

CS 25.1441 - oxygen equipment
CS 25.1411 - Safety equipment
CS 25.1555 - emergency controls
9.2.6 Verify that all interior finishes, components, and equipment, including lavatories, galleys, and areas
that are not continuously occupied, are made with flame-resistant materials.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-7: 3.7.3.4 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.26.16
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 25.791, EASA CS CS 23.853(a)
23.853, 25.854, 25 Appendix F Reference: CS 25.853
CS 27.853(a)
CS 29.853
Comments: CS 25.791 covers markings not flame resistant materials.

CS 25.854 covers fire detection and suppression.
9.2.7 Verify that a system exists such that the flight deck can readily communicate with other aircrew.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-4 Def-Stan 00-970
Reference:
STANAG 4671 1707
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 121.319 EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: Public Address system doesn't appear to be covered by 00-970 as only combat
aircraft yet issued. May be covered on issue of section 5 (Large Aircraft).
9.2.8 Verify that all audio communication systems have speech intelligibility of sufficient quality to ensure
safe and effective aircraft operation.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671 1707

Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: Public Address system doesn't appear to be covered by 00-970 as only combat
aircraft yet issued. May be covered on issue of section 5 (Large Aircraft).
9.3. AIR VEHICLE LIGHTING.
This element involves the following: Lighting environments and mechanisms (e.g., NVIS, LEP) allowing
crewmembers to see information from displays and instruments, to operate controls, to move safely
throughout and emergency egress the compartment, to see other vehicles in formation and during aerial
refuelling, and to perform all other mission-critical functions where sight is necessary.
9.3.1 Verify that lighting systems exist to illuminate everything in or on the air vehicle that needs to be
seen by crew, wing men, passengers, maintainers, and ground support personnel, regardless of ambient
lighting conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-5 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.15.54
MIL-STD-1472F: 5.2.1.2 and Reference:
5.8.2.1 thru 5.8.2.3 and Table STANAG 4671 1705
XVI, criteria for the operator Reference:
station lighting system
MIL-STD-3009: 4.2.2 table 1,
criteria for the operator station
lighting system
23.1401, 25.1381-25.1403 Reference: CS 25.1381-25.1403
CS 27.1381-27.1399
CS 29.1381-29.1401
Comments: Referenced CS paras cover general lights section.
9.3.2 Verify that the lighting is fully controllable and uniform and does not produce unacceptable glare,
shadows, or reflections.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 4.15.63
STANAG 4671 1705
Reference:
23.1401, 25.1381-25.1403 Reference: CS 25.1383(a)
CS 25.1403
CS 27.1383

CS 29.1383
Comments: No equivalent para. CS 23.1403.
No equivalent para. CS 27.1403.
9.3.3 Verify that the lighting allows the air vehicle to operate in commercial airways without restriction.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-5: section 3.5.3 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.7.1
addresses exterior lighting Reference:
subsystems STANAG 4671 1385
Reference:
23.1401, 25.1381-25.1403 Reference: CS 25.1381-25.1403
CS 27.1381-27.1399
CS 29.1381-29.1401
Comments: Referenced CS paras cover general lights section.
9.3.4 Verify that lighting and illumination exists for crewmembers to perform all flight-critical tasks and that
lighting systems are NVIS and laser eye protection (LEP) compatible, if applicable.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2010: 3.1, 4.1, 3.2, 4.2, Reference:
3.3, 4.3, 3.4, 4.4, 3.5, 4.5, 3.14, STANAG 3828
4.14 Reference: 4671 1705
JSSG-2010-5: 3.5.2.1.8,
cockpit and crew station
lighting
MIL-STD-3009: 5.7.2.2,
addresses NVIS compatible
aircraft lighting and Visual
acuity charts
23.1401, 25.1381-25.1403 Reference: CS 25.1381- 23.1403
CS 27.1381-27.1401
CS 29.1381- 29.1401
Comments: CS requirements are not military specific and do not mention NVIS/LEP.
9.4. HUMAN PERFORMANCE.
This element provides the means for the crewmember to monitor and control the system flight path
management, navigation, caution, warning, advisory, communications, identification, propulsion, and
mission and utilities subsystems. It covers presentation of emergency checklists and procedures. It
encompasses the location and arrangement of the primary flight display suite, crew workload, situation
awareness, and spatial disorientation aspects.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-1472F: Human Def-Stan 00-970
Factors Engineering Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
23.1322, 25.1321-25.1322 Reference:
9.4.1 Verify that all functional operations can be safely performed including tasks performed by aircrew,
operators, and maintainers.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010: 3.1, 4.1, 3.2, 4.2 Def-Stan 00-970
JSSG-2010-1 - Handbook Reference:
3.2.1 and 4.2.1 for Method of STANAG 4671 1701
Compliance. Table 2 of the Reference:
document provides a list of
Figures of Merit
23.1322, 25.1321-25.1322 Reference:
Comments: Broad subject not covered by specific items in 00-970.
CS 23.1311-23.1322 and CS 25.1321-25.1322 don't really talk about safety
performance.
9.4.1.1 Verify that the primary flight display suite provides the necessary information to the crewmembers
to enable all basic and unique flight manoeuvres to be performed safely, in both normal emergency
conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Air Force Flight Standards Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.19.51
Agency white paper (Single Reference:
Medium Flight Instrument STANAG
Display Endorsement Process, 4671 1721
Jan 01) provides procedures Reference:
for requesting and getting PFR
endorsement
JSSG-2010-3: 3.2, 4.2
MIL-STD-1787: Appendix E,
Figures 91, 92, and 93 list the
parameters for basic flight
performance, unusual attitude

and recovery performance, and
dynamic manoeuvring
performance
23.1322, 25.1321-25.1322 Reference: CS 23.1322
CS 25.1321
CS 25.1322
CS 23.1311
CS 23.1322
CS 25.1321
CS 25.1322
9.4.2 Verify that all operating instructions, flight handbooks/checklists, flight/performance management
and planning systems, and other relevant documentation, are not in conflict with system descriptions and
procedures (normal and emergency) and actual system performance; that emergency procedures are
clear and corrective actions do not create other hazardous situations; and that all procedures or
pilot/vehicle interfaces can be accomplished within acceptable crew workload limits.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010: 3.1, 4.1, 3.2, 4.2 Def-Stan 00-970
MIL-DTL-7700G, Flight Reference:
manuals/checklists accordance STANAG 4671 1581
MIL-HDBK-46855, guidance on Reference:
human workload assessment
techniques
23.1589, 25.1581-25.1587 Reference: CS 25.1581-25.1587
CS 27.1581-27.1589
CS 29.1581-29.1589
Comments: Inclusion of information in manuals doesn't appear to have been a consideration of
00-970.
CS 23.1581-25.189, CS 25.1581-25.1587 cover general aeroplane flight manual

section.
9.4.3 Verify that external visibility, or transmitted visual indications, is sufficient for the aircrew to maintain
flight, conduct all necessary flight tasks, and avoid ground or flight obstacles.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010: 3.1, 4.1, 3.2, 4.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.17.2
JSSG-2010-2: 3.2.13.3 and Reference: 00-970 4.17.7-4.17.10
3.2.13.5 STANAG 4671 1723
Reference:

23.1589, 25.1581-25.1587 Reference: CS 25.773
CS 27.773
CS 29.773
Comments: CS 23.1581-25.189 and CS 25.1581-25.1587 cover general aeroplane flight manual
section.
9.4.4 Verify that the crew system interface is designed to reduce the potential for, and minimize the
consequences of, a crew-induced error, and provides a simple means to correct an error.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-1472F 5.1 through Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.15.2-4.15.64
5.4 and 5.4.3, guidance for the Reference:
human factors design of STANAG
equipment that minimizes the 4671 1701
occurrence of human error. Reference:
MIL-STD-1472F: 5.1.14,
design guidance for human
computer interface and
associated methods for the
minimization of human error.
CS 27.777
CS 29.777(a)
9.4.5 Verify that technical manuals/technical orders and publications are accurate and complete for all
tasks that may have flight safety impacts.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671 1581
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: Inclusion of information in manuals doesn't appear to have been a consideration of
00-970.
9.5. LIFE SUPPORT SYSTEMS.
This element provides the human with breathing and anti-g provisions, and natural, induced, and combat
hazard protection. This includes chemical biological protection, laser protection, cold water immersion
protection, head protection, noise protection, altitude protection (pressure suits), protection from rapid
decompression, personal services, etc.
9.5.1 Verify that the air vehicle integrated life support systems (for example, high altitude, "g" protection,
ocular protection, and breathing) are fully functional and accessible within the flight envelope.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010: 3.6, 4.6, 3.9, 4.9, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.13.4.3
3.10, 4.10, 3.13, 4.13 Reference: 00-970 6.13.5.34
JSSG-2010-9 Personal STANAG Nil
Protective Equipment Reference:
Handbook 3.9.1, 4.9.1
23.1441, 25.1301, 25.1441 Reference: CS 25.1441
Comments: 00-970 6.13.4.3 and 6.13.5.34 only cover oxygen and anti-g.
CS 23.1301and 25.1301 covers general section about the function and installation of
all equipment.
CS 23.1441 and 25.1441 refer out to 23.1443-23.1453 and 25.1443-25.1453.
Covers oxygen equipment only, no anti-g.
No equivalent paras. CS 27.1441 and 29.1441 as oxygen not applicable to
helicopters.
9.5.2 Verify that the system satisfies the physiological requirements of the occupants during mission,
escape, and survival.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010: 3.6, 4.6, 3.9, 4.9, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.13.1-6.13.4.23
3.10, 4.10, 3.13, 4.13 Reference:
JSSG-2010-9 Personal STANAG 4671 1703
Handbook
23.1441, 25.1301, 25.1441 Reference: CS 23.1441
CS 25.831
CS 25.1441
CS 27.831
CS 29.831
Comments: CS 23.1301and 25.1301 covers general section about the function and installation of
all equipment.
Covers oxygen equipment only, no escape systems.
helicopters.
9.5.3 Where the life support system must interface with other air vehicle subsystems, verify that the
operation of the life support system is not degraded by, and does not degrade, the normal or failure
modes of operation of those subsystems (for example, controls and displays, escape systems,
communication, environmental management system (EMS)).

Comm'l Doc:
3.10, 4.10, 3.13, 4.13 Reference:
JSSG-2010-9 Personal STANAG Nil
Handbook
23.1441, 25.1301, 25.1441 Reference: CS 25.1450
CS 25.1441
CS 25.1450
Comments: CS 23.1301and 25.1301 covers general section about the function and installation of
all equipment.
Temperature hazards only discussed in 25.1450.
helicopters.
9.5.4 Verify that emergency oxygen is available for all occupants of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.10.2.2, JSSG- Def-Stan 00-970
2010: 3.7, 4.7, 3.13, 4.13 Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
9.5.4.1 Verify sufficient emergency oxygen is available during high altitude escape.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.13.5.32
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: No CS reference as high altitude escape is not a civil requirement.
9.5.5 Verify that each life raft has obviously marked operating instructions. Ensure that approved survival
equipment is marked for identification and method of operation and that emergency flotation and
signalling equipment is installed so that it is readily available to the crew and passengers.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 6.8.2
00-970 7.4.13
STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.1561, 23.1415, 121.339 Reference: CS 23.1561
CS 25.1415
CS 25.1561
CS 23.1415
CS 23.1561
CS 25.1415
CS 25.1561
9.5.6 Verify that each life raft to be released automatically or by a crewmember is attached to keep it in
place alongside the air vehicle until the raft is afloat on water. Verify that this attachment is sufficiently
weak to break away from the air vehicle before submerging the fully occupied life raft to which it is
attached.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.1561, 23.1415, TSO C70a Reference: CS 23.1561
CS 25.1415
CS 25.1561
CS 23.1415
CS 23.1561
CS 25.1415
CS 25.1561
9.6. TRANSPARENCY INTEGRATION.
This element provides the crewmember with exterior vision capability in accordance with system
requirements. It may consist of a remote camera system, a flat transparency window, a windscreen,
and/or a canopy system. It also may include the transparency/canopy frame, canopy actuator, canopy
latch/locking system, etc.
9.6.1 Verify that canopies and associated support structure, as well as the actuation, latching, and locking
mechanisms, are compatible with the air vehicle escape system to permit safe egress and escape in the
event of an emergency.

Comm'l Doc: For a new transparency in an
existing aircraft, it is
recommended that reference
be made to the existing aircraft
specifications.
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-14: 3.14, 4.14 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.23.30
JSSG-2010-11 Reference: 00-970 4.23.21
MIL-STD-1474 STANAG 4671 775
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.775, EASA CS
25.775 Reference:
Comments: CS 23.775 and 25.775 covers windshield and windows but does not discuss escape.
9.6.2 Verify that the transparency system meets survivability requirements for bird-strike impact.

Comm'l Doc: ASTM F330, Bird Impact
Testing of Aerospace
Transparent Enclosures
JSSG-2006-3.2.24.1 Reference: 00-970 4.9.7
STANAG 4671 775
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.775, EASA CS CS 23.775(h)
Comments: CS 27.775 and CS 29.775 do not mention bird strike.
9.6.3 Verify that the structural/thermal capability of the transparency system is adequate for all loads and
flight conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2006-3.2.22 Reference: 00-970 4.18.6
00-970 4.18.8
STANAG 4671 775
Reference:
CS 27.775
CS 29.775
9.6.4 Verify that the transparency system shape is compatible, and does not interfere, with crewmember
and equipment positions and motions used during normal and emergency conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-14: 3.14, 4.14 Def-Stan 00-970
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
25.775 Reference:
9.6.5 Verify that the optical characteristics of the transparencies (windshield, canopy, windows, as
applicable), including transmissivity, angular deviation, optical distortion, haze, multiple imaging, binocular
disparity, birefringence, and minor optical defects are compatible with the safety-critical optical systems
used by the aircrew and provide a safe optical environment to the pilot.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2010-14: 3.1.4.1, for Reference: 00-970 4.18.18
additional transparency optical 00-970 L104 3.1
characteristics and
recommended values STANAG 4671 775
Reference:
CS 27.773
CS 29.773
Comments: CS 23.775 and 25.775 do not cover this.
9.6.6 Verify that necessary deployment power is available under normal and emergency conditions and
that there is no interference with manual actuation of the canopy when air vehicle or external power is not
available.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
25.775 Reference:

Comments: CS 23.775 and 25.775 do not cover this
9.6.7 Verify that the environmental management system interface provides necessary defogging,
pressurization, heating, cooling, humidity control, and ventilation of the transparency system under
normal and emergency conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-14: 3.14, 4.14; Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.24.6
JSSG 2010-3: 3.3.2, 4.3.2 Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.775, EASA CS CS 23.773(b)
CS 27.773
CS 29.773
Comments: CS 23.775 and 25.775 do not cover this.
9.6.8 Verify that provisions for rain removal, de-icing and defogging, and snow and ice removal are
adequate for pilot external vision and that these provisions do not cause temporary or permanent optical
degradation of the transparencies.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-14: 3.14, 4.14 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.17.12-4.17.15
Reference: 00-970 4.17.19
00-970 4.17.20
00-970 4.17.23
00-970 4.18.2
00-970 L104 2.3
STANAG Nil
Reference:
25.775 Reference: CS 23.775(f)
CS 25.773
CS 27.773
CS 29.773
Comments: CS 25.775 doesn't cover this.
9.7. CRASH SURVIVABILITY.
This element provides the pilot, crew, and passengers with protection/procedures in the event of a crash
scenario. It covers crash rescue procedures, fire protection, equipment containment, smoke protection,
emergency lighting and seating.
9.7.1 Verify that seating system load capabilities are commensurate with the air vehicle type for aircrew
and passengers and that the design of the floor and load paths to the seat attachments is capable of
sustaining the loads of the seat system in applicable crash load conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2010: 3.7, 4.7, 3.13, Reference: 00-970 L307
4.13
JSSG-2006-3.4.2.11 STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.562, 25.561, 25.562, 25.563 Reference: CS 23.562
CS 25.561
CS 25.562
CS 27.561
CS 27.562
CS 29.561
CS 29.562
9.7.2 Verify that the stroke clearance envelope for energy absorbing seats is clear of structures and
equipment that could impede seat stroke.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: No equivalent text found within CS standards.
9.7.3 Verify that restraint systems are designed to restrain the occupant properly for the escape system
environment and the crash loading of the seat.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2010: 3.7, 4.7, 3.13, Reference: 00-970 4.22.2
4.13 00-970 4.22.42
JSSG-2006-3.4.2.11 00-970 4.22.43
00-970 L111
STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.562, 25.561, 25.562, 25.563 Reference: CS 23.562
CS 25.561

CS 25.562
CS 25.789(a)
CS 27.561
CS 27.562
CS 29.561
CS 29.562
9.7.4 Verify that the strike envelope of the occupant during crash loads is kept free of objects that are
risks to survival or may cause serious injury that renders the crewmember unable to perform post-crash
egress functions.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2010: 3.7, 4.7, 3.13, Reference: 00-970 4.22.44
4.13
STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.562, 25.561, 25.562, 25.563 Reference: CS 23.562
CS 25.561
CS 25.562
CS 25.787(b)
CS 27.561
CS 27.562
CS 29.561
CS 29.562
Comments: CS 25.563 covers structural ditching provisions.
9.7.5 Verify that the exits are post-crash operational up to the design crash loads.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2010: 3.7, 4.7, 3.13, Reference: 00-970 4.22.9
4.13 00-970 4.22.45
STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.562, 25.561, 25.562, 25.563 Reference: CS 25.803
Comments: CS 23.561, 23.562 and CS 25.561, 25-562 covers seating.
CS 23.803 does not cover this.
CS 27.563 and 29.563 cover structural ditching provisions.
No equivalent para. 27.803.
CS 29.803 does not cover this.
9.7.6 Verify that, under emergency landings, ditching, and crash loads, items of mass do not cause
serious injury to occupants or prevent escape.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2010: 3.7, 4.7, 3.13, Reference:
4.13 STANAG Nil
JSSG-2010-7: 3.7.3.7.3, Reference:
3.7.3.2.3
JSSG-2006-3.4.2.11
23.562, 25.561, 25.562, Reference: CS 23.787(a)
25.563, 25.787, 25.789, CS 23.789
23.787, 25.801, 25.1411,
CS 25.561
25.1421
CS 25.563
CS 25.787(b)
CS 25.789
CS 25.803
CS 25.1421
CS 27.561
CS 27.787
CS 29.561
CS 29.787
Comments: CS 23.562, 25.562 do not cover space surrounding occupants.
CS 25.801 covers ditching in water.
CS 25.1411 covers general safety equipment.
9.7.7 Verify that the air vehicle is equipped with breathing and eye protection equipment, fire- fighting
equipment, and fire extinguishers appropriate for the expected use.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2010: 3.7, 4.7, 3.13, Reference:
4.13 STANAG Nil
JSSG 2010-9: 3.9.3 Reference:
CS 29.851
Comments: 00-970 4.15.69 covers fire extinguishers only.
CS 25.851 only covers fire extinguishers, not breathing and eye protection.
9.7.8 Verify that ditching provisions, including flotation devices for all occupants, are installed on all air
vehicles without assisted escape systems.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.10.2.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.8
JSSG-2010: 3.7, 4.7, 3.13, Reference:
4.13 STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.562, 25.561, 25.562, 25.563 Reference: CS 25.561
CS 25.563
CS 25.801 (a)
CS 27.561
CS 28.801
CS 29.561
CS 29.801
Comments: CS 23.562 and 25.562 only cover seating.
No equivalent para. CS 23.563 or 23.801.
9.7.9 Verify that pre-crash warning between aircrew and all compartments is possible without aircrew or
occupants leaving their seating position.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.10.2.2 Def-Stan 00-970
JSSG-2010: 3.7, 4.7, 3.13, Reference:
4.13 STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
9.7.10 Verify that, for rotary wing air vehicles, occupiable volume reduction resulting from design crash
loads provides reasonable protection against occupant injury.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.10.2.1, Def-Stan 00-970
JSSG-2010-7: 3.7.3.2.1 STANAG Nil
Reference:
9.7.11 Verify that mechanisms used for emergency crew extraction and for fire fighting are properly
marked and can be operated while wearing personal protective equipment.

Comm'l Doc:

DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-1472: 5.5, 5.6 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.23.5
JSSG-2001: 3.4.3, 4.4.3 Reference: 00-970 4.23.7
JSSG-2010-9: 3.9.5, 4.9.5 STANAG Nil
JSSG-2010-13: 3.13.6, 4.13.16 Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference 25.811 EASA CS CS 23.811
CS 29.811
Comments: CS 25.811 only covers marking not operation.
9.8. AIR TRANSPORTABILITY AND AIRDROP.
This element addresses technical requirements in the area of aerial delivery of cargo and personnel with
regard to safety of the air vehicle. It may cover cargo restraint, tiedowns, external load equipment,
transport of hazardous materials, handling/loading of either problem or unique cargo, and airdrop of cargo
and personnel.
9.8.1 Verify that the air vehicle structure can support all loads (internal or external, as applicable) imposed
by the transported items during operational usage.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2000: 3.1.7.2 Def-Stan 00-970
JSSG-2001: 3.4.5, 3.4.6 Reference:
JSSG-2006-3.4.2.11 STANAG 4671 787
JSSG-2006-3.3.4 Reference:
JSSG-2006-3.3.3.2
Comments: Criteria are typical of large aircraft. May be included in 00-970 on issue of Part 5
(Large Aircraft).
9.8.2 Verify that clearance exists for aircrew and passengers during flight-critical and emergency
functions.
Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2001: 3.4.5, 3.4.6 Reference:
MIL-HDBK-1791 illustrates the STANAG Nil
minimum acceptable aircrew Reference:
access clearances for C-130
aircraft AFI 11-2C-130 Vol 3,
addenda A, defines C-130
passenger safety aisle
requirements
MIL-STD-1472 defines
anthropometric data

CS 29.815
(Large Aircraft).
No equivalent para. 27.815.
9.8.3 Verify that NAVAIR NATOPS/cargo-loading manuals include shear, bending, crushing, or puncture
load limits such that the cargo does not impart excessive loads into the air vehicle structure during any
phase of the loading process.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: NATOPS, TO 1C-XX-9, the Def-Stan 00-970
aircraft loading manuals Reference:
include cargo loading limits in STANAG
the desired formats. Nil
JSSG-2000: 3.1.7.2 Reference:
JSSG-2001: 3.4.5, 3.4.63
FAA Doc: EASA CS

Reference:
(Large Aircraft).
9.8.3.1 Verify cargo hook and backup structural load limits and verify that limits are included in applicable
operators and maintenance manuals.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006 Def-Stan 00-970
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
Comments: Criteria are typical of large aircraft. May be included in 00-970 on issue of Part 1, 5 &
7 (Large Aircraft).
9.8.4 Verify that the positioned cargo meets required flight weight and balance requirements.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: NATOPS, TO 1C-XX-1, TO Def-Stan 00-970
1C-XX-9, TO 1C-xx-5 contain Reference:

approximate permissible cargo STANAG Nil
centre of gravity graphs Reference:
(chimney curves) for mission
equipped aircraft.
JSSG-2000: 3.1.7.2
JSSG-2001: 3.4.5, 3.4.6
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
(Large Aircraft).
9.8.5 With the exception of items designated for airdrop, verify that the loaded item will not change the air
vehicle C.G. position during flight.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2001: 3.4.5, 3.4.6 Reference:
MIL-HDBK-1791, restraint STANAG 4761 787
criteria for transported cargo Reference:
MIL-A-8865B, restraint criteria
for transported cargo
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS 23.787(b)
CS 27.787(b)
CS 29.787(b)
(Large Aircraft).
9.8.6 Verify that restraints afford sufficient capacity and are provided in sufficient quantity to restrain the
transported items safely.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2000: 3.1.7.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.22.29
JSSG-2001: 3.4.5, 3.4.6 Reference: 00-970 4.22.48
JSSG-2006-3.4.2.11 STANAG 4671 787
MIL-T-25959, standard Reference:
restraint devices
MIL-PRF-27260, standard
restraint devices
CS 23.787(b)
CS 29.787(b)
9.8.7 Verify that all operator and maintenance manuals (T.O.'s) are accurate and provide cargo
preparation, handling, carriage, and delivery procedures necessary for safe ground and flight operations.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2001: 3.4.5, 3.4.6 Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
(Large Aircraft).
No CS reference as criteria is a military requirement.
9.8.8 Verify that cargo compartment dimensions allow enough room to load, transport, and/or airdrop
required items safely.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-1791: 4.2, 5.2 Def-Stan 00-970
JSSG-2009: Appendix J Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
(Large Aircraft).
9.8.9 Verify that air vehicle flight performance/control is not hazardously affected by movements in C.G.
of airdrop loads or by load and C.G. movement experienced during external load operations.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
(Large Aircraft).
9.8.10 Verify that air vehicle personnel airdrop systems can withstand the loads imposed by personnel
during airdrop and possible malfunctions of personnel airdrop equipment.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2006-6.1.2, 6.1.6 STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
(Large Aircraft).
Maybe a similar requirement in civilian parachuting standards.
9.8.11 Verify that the air vehicle provides the capability to safely recover a towed jumper.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Refer to technical point of Def-Stan 00-970
in section A.2) STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
(Large Aircraft).
9.8.12 Verify that, for personnel airdrop, acceptable risk levels exist to avoid paratrooper collision,
adverse vortex interaction, and adverse multi-ship formation effects induced by the air vehicles.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Refer to technical point of Def-Stan 00-970
in section A.2) STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
(Large Aircraft).
9.8.13 Verify for airdrop or jettisonable cargo, that the loaded items can be safely jettisoned during flight.

Comm'l Doc:

STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
(Large Aircraft).
9.8.14 Verify that necessary in-flight movement or operation of transported items and mission equipment
does not adversely affect aircraft flight systems or cause injury to aircrew and passengers.

Comm'l Doc:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
(Large Aircraft).
9.9. LAVATORIES, GALLEYS, AND AREAS NOT CONTINUOUSLY OCCUPIED.
This element addresses air vehicle compartments, and areas that may be accessible to crew, passengers
or maintainers, but that may not be occupied at all times during flight.
9.9.1 Verify that food service carts, refuse carts, and waste containers used to receive any combustible
materials contain a fire ignited within.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
CS 27.853
CS 29.853
(Large Aircraft).
9.9.2 Verify that all compartments have separate and approved smoke and/or fire detectors to alert the
crew at the pilot or flight engineer station for both in-flight and ground operations; that each compartment
has dedicated hand fire extinguishers; and that if unoccupied cargo holds are present, fire protection and
fire detection/suppression requirements are met.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2009 Appendix G: Reference:
3.4.7.9 STANAG Nil
Reference:
25.857, 25.858, 25.859, 25.854 Reference: CS 23.859
CS 25.854
CS 25.855
CS 25.857
CS 25.858
CS 25.859
CS 27.855
CS 27.859
CS 29.855
CS 29.859
Comments: 00-970 4.26.50 only mentions fire suppression, not fire detection.
No equivalent para. CS 23.854, 23.855 and 23.858.
9.9.3 Verify that the fire alarm and intercom/public address system can be heard in all lavatories, galleys,
and other compartments.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
(Large Aircraft).
CS 25.1423 only covers public address system.
9.9.4 Verify that the human factors design for operation of installed equipment minimizes the probability of
human error that could create a safety hazard in the aircraft.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
(Large Aircraft).
9.9.5 Verify that all equipment installed in lavatories, galleys, and other areas can be safely operated in
the aircraft environment, and is designed to withstand all potential aircraft environmental exposures,
including rapid decompression, without creating a safety hazard.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
CS 25.1301
CS 25.1309
CS 27.1301
CS 27.1309
CS 29.1301
CS 29.1309
(Large Aircraft).
9.9.6 Verify that occupants cannot become trapped in lavatories, galleys, and other compartments during
emergency evacuation situations, and that emergency lighting is available to aid egress.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-PRF-85676 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.22.11
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Comments: 00-970 4.22.11 only mentions entrapment, not emergency lighting.
SECTION 10 - DIAGNOSTICS SYSTEMS

2. Acceptance test procedures
3. Pre-flight test results
4. Built-in-test software
5. Flight test plan
6. Testability analysis reports
7. BIT demos reports
8. Test & evaluation master plan (TEMP)
9. Failure report and corrective action system (FRACAS) data
10. Test reports
11. System safety analysis report
10.1. FAILURE MODES.
10.1.1 Verify that critical functional failure modes are identified and detection methods incorporated.

Comm'l Doc: SAE AIR 4845 details the
FMECA process.
JSSG-2001: 3.3.7, 3.3.7.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.12.8
00-970 6.2.35
00-970 P7 L725 4
STANAG 4671.1309*
Reference: 4671.1351*
4671 1788
23.1309, 23.1351, 25.1301, Reference: CS 23.1351*
25.1309, 25.1351 CS 25.1309*
CS 25.1351*
Comments: 00-970 P1 4.12.8 doesn’t cover detection.
00-970 P9 only covers failure for a few specific systems.
CS 23.1301 and 25.1301 covers general function and installation of equipment.
* means read across from 14CFR reference.
10.1.2 Verify that all critical functional failures, including built-in-test (BIT) features, are linked to the
caution and warning function and message indicators.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2000: 3.3.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00.970 P1 2.5.30
JSSG-2001: 3.3.7, 3.3.7.1 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.4.7

00-970 P7 L207 8.5
00-970 P7 L725 3
00-970 P9 UKU 249e
STANAG 4671 1728
Reference:
23.1309, 23.1351, 25.1301, Reference:
25.1309, 25.1351
Comments: No mention of BIT in EASA docs.
10.2. OPERATION.
10.2.1 Verify that the operation of air vehicle and ground diagnostic systems is proper for all SOF
parameters.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P9 USAR U1787
STANAG 4671 1607
23.1309, 23.1351, 25.1301, Reference:
25.1309, 25.1351
Comments: CS 23.1301, 25.1301, 27.1301 and 29.1301 cover general installations.
CS 23.1309, 25.1309, 27.1309 and 29.1309 cover general equipment installations.
CS 23.1351, 25.1351, 27.1351 and 29.1351 cover general electrical.
10.2.2 Verify that critical parameter values can be measured with established tolerances and that
operation and calibration procedures are defined.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2001: 3.3.7,3.3.7.1 Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.1309, 23.1351, 25.1301, Reference:
25.1309, 25.1351
10.2.3 Verify that measures are taken to ensure the diagnostic system itself does not induce undetected
failures or otherwise damage the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2001: 3.3.7,3.3.7.1 Reference:
JSSG-2001 Air vehicle: 3.3.7 STANAG 4671 1309
Diagnostics Reference:
AFGS 87256 Integrated
Diagnostics provides general
guidance regarding diagnostics
23.1309, 23.1351, 25.1301, Reference:
25.1309, 25.1351
10.2.4 Verify functionality of safety systems that provide protection against catastrophic failures prior to
potential need of the safety system.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2001: 3.3.7,3.4.4.1.6 Reference:
STANAG 4671 1732
Reference:
23.1309, 23.1351, 25.1301, Reference:
25.1309, 25.1351
10.2.5 Verify that all operator and maintenance manuals containing diagnostic systems are complete and
accurate.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2000: 3.6.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 L800 9
Reference:
STANAG 4671 1581
Reference:
23.1309, 23.1351, 25.1301, Reference:
25.1309, 25.1351
SECTION 11 - AVIONICS
Avionics certification criteria apply to manned air vehicle avionics, as well as airborne and ground
segment avionics for UAS/ROA.

1. Design criteria
4. Design approval and system compatibility tests
5. Simulation tests and modelling results
6. Component and system level qualification and certification tests
8. Hazard analysis and certification
9. Failure modes and effects analysis
10. Avionics flight-critical hardware and software
11. Avionics preliminary design review (PDR) and critical design review (CDR) open
items
12. Avionics integration tests and results
13. Avionics/electronics integrity program documentation
14. Flight test simulation plan
15. System/subsystem self-test design and capabilities
16. Acceptance test plans, procedures, and results
17. Qualification test plans, procedures, and results
18. Functional configuration audit (FCA) and physical configuration audit (PCA) data
19. Test reports
20. Environmental analysis and test results
(Note: For subsystems that use computer resources, see section 15 for additional, specific criteria.)
11.1. AVIONICS ARCHITECTURE.
11.1.1 Avionics subsystems. Verify that the number and type of sensors, data processors, data buses,
controls and displays, and communications devices are adequate for SOF considerations. As a minimum,
the following are provided:
a. Air data system, including provisions for displaying primary flight parameters
b. Propulsion system instrumentation, with the ability to monitor performance, fuel status, and
integrity of the system
c. Display of other air vehicle or vehicle management system parameters as required for safe
flight
d. An installed interoperable communications subsystem capable of supporting SOF operations
with the required integrity and continuity of service throughout the intended missions.
e. A navigation subsystem capable of meeting SOF performance, integrity, availability and

continuity of service requirements for long range reference, local area reference, and
landing/terminal reference
f. An installed surveillance and identification subsystem capable of meeting the SOF
performance, integrity, and continuity of service requirements for identification, relative
positioning, trajectory, timing, and intent.

Comm'l Doc: For air data system: RTCA
DO-236A, guidance on
CNS/ATM related air data
system requirements
For radio subsystems:

RTCA DO-186A is the civil
standard for VHF radio
RTCA DO-219
RTCA SC-189
For navigation subsystems:

RTCA DO-236A, for CNS/ATM
related navigation system
requirements
RTCA DO-200A: 2.3.2, 2.3.3,
2.3.5, and 2.4.1 (RNP Data
Processing)
RTCA DO-236
For surveillance and

identification subsystems:
RTCA DC-181C is the civil
standard for Mode S
RTCA DO-185A Is the civil
standard for TCAS II
RTCA DO-212
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-87213 Sect. 3.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.2.35
Reference: 00-970 6.3.2
For air data system:
00-970 6.3.4
GATOMC2 Communications,
Navigation and
STANAG 4671.1301
Surveillance/Air
Traffic Reference: 4671.1309
Management 4671.1323
(CNS/ATM) 4671.1325
RVSM, 4671.1707
Barometric
Vertical 4671.1723
Navigation 4671.1725
(BARO VNAV), 4671.1822
Area Navigation
Vertical
Navigation (RNAV
VNAV),

Performance
Matrices provide
CNS/ATM related
air data system
safety guidance.
Contact
GATOMC2 for
current applicable
performance
matrices and
current supporting
civil documents.
MIL-STD-1787: 4.1.1
For propulsion system
instrumentation:
MIL-STD-1787:
4.1.1 provides
guidance on
displayed
information
For display system guidance:
MIL-HDBK-87213
Sect. 3.1 provides
display system
guidance.
JSSG-2005: 3.2.1.6 and
4.2.1.6
MIL-STD-188-141B
Interoperability
and Performance
Standards for
Medium and High
Frequency Radio System
MIL-STD-188-242
Interoperability
and Performance
Standards for
Tactical Single
Channel Very
High Frequency
(VHF) Radio
Equipment
MIL-STD-188-243 Interface
Standard for
Tactical Single
Channel Ultra
High Frequency
(UHF) Radio
Communications
MIL-STD-188-181B
Interoperability
Standard for

Single-Access 5-
kHz and 25-kHz
UHF Satellite
Communications
Channels
MIL-STD-188-182A
Interoperability
Standard for 5-
kHz UHF DAMA
Terminal
Waveform
MIL-STD-3005 Analog-To-
Digital Conversion
of Voice By 2,400
Bit/Second Mixed
Excitation Linear
Prediction (MELP)
CNS/ATM performance
requirements are
found in the
GATOMC2
CNS/ATM
Performance
Matrices (8.33
kHz VHF,
SATCOM Voice,
HFDL, VDL,
CPDLC, ADS,
AFN, Data
Comm, etc.) for
military
performance
requirements
necessary for
safe access to
civil airspace.
Contact
GATOMC2 for
current applicable
performance
matrices and
current supporting
civil documents.
IL-STD1472F 5.3.14, guidance
in conducting
Modified Rhyme
Testing
AFI 11-202 Vol 3: 2.6.2
Interoperability and IERs are
discussed in
CJCSI 6212.01
GATOMC2 CNS/ATM RNP
Top Level, RNP

Data Processing,
RNP Path
Following, RNP
Pilot/Vehicle
Interface (PVI),
RNP-10, RNAV
VNAV, BRNAV,
and PRNAV
Performance
Matrices provide
CNS/ATM related
navigation system
safety guidance.
Contact
GATOMC2 for
current applicable
performance
matrices and
current supporting
civil documents.
JSSG-2005: 3.2.1.5 and
4.2.1.5
AFI 11-202 Vol 3: 2.6.2
identification
subsystems:
DOD AIMS 97-1000/DOD
AIMS 03-1000
provide the
requirements for
AIMS certification.
GATOMC2 CNS/ATM
Performance
Matrices (Mode S,
TCAS II) for
military
performance
requirements
necessary for
access to civil
airspace. Contact
GATOMC2 for
current applicable
performance
matrices and
current supporting
civil documents.
JSSG-2005: 3.2.1.6 and
4.2.1.6
AFI 11-202 Vol 3: 5.4.2
FAA Doc: AC-23.1301, 23.1309, EASA CS CS 23.1301*#

25.1301, 25.1309, RTCA DO- Reference: CS 23.1309*#
200A CS 23.1325

CS 23.1326
AC 27-1B, Certification of CS 25.1301*#
Normal Category Rotorcraft CS 25.1309*#
CS 25.1325
AC 29-2C, Certification of CS 25.1326
Transport Category Rotorcraft CS 27.1301*#
CS 27.1309*#
AC 20-145 Guidance for CS 27.1325
Integrated Modular Avionics CS 29.1301*#
(IMA) CS 29.1309*#
CS 29.1325
AC 20-130A, Airworthiness
Approval of Navigation or
Flight Management Systems
Integrating Multiple Navigation
Sensors
For air data system:

FAA IG 91-RVSM, 7.c(4),
7.C(5), 7.c(8), 7.d, 8.b(5),
8.b(6), 8.b(7), 8.c, and 8.d.
(RVSM)
AC-23.1323, 23.1325,
23.1326, 25.1323, 25.1325,
25.1326
AC 90-97 7 (Baro VNAV)
AC 20-129 6 (RNAV VNAV)
For propulsion system

instrumentation:
14CFR reference: 23.1301,
13.1305, 23.1309, 25.1301,
25.1305, 25.1309 and FAA
AC-1307-1C section 8.5
provide more extensive
guidance.
AC-27-1 and AC-29-2 provide
guidance on helicopter
equipment, primarily in subpart
"F"
For display system guidance:

AC 23.1301, 23.1309,
23.1351d, 25.1301, 25.1309,
25.1351d
14CFR reference: 23.1301,
23.1307, 25.1301 and 25.1307
provide additional guidance.

“F”

AC 20-140, Guidelines for
Design Approval of Aircraft
Data Communications
Systems

AC-25.1303, AC 90-96
AC_90-96 (BRNAV only)
AC_90-96A (Draft containing
both BRNAV and PRNAV
requirements)
FAAO 8400.12A 10.a-b, & 15a
(RNP-10)
AC 20-129 Airworthiness
Approval of Vertical Navigation
(VNAV) Systems for use in the
U.S. National Airspace System
(NAS) and Alaska, 9-12-88, 6
(RNAV VNAV)

identification subsystems: TSO
C112, AC 20-131A, TSO
C151a
Comments: CS 23.1305, 25.1305, 27.1305, 29.1305 refers to instruments in general, not

specifically avionics.
No equivalent paras. CS 27.1326 or 29.1326.
No equivalent RTCA docs looked into.
11.1.2 Verify that redundancy is incorporated such that failure of any single sensor, connection,
processor, or display unit does not result in loss of safety-critical data or display of unsafe or misleading
data.

Comm'l Doc: ARP 4761 sections 4.2 FMEA,
4.4 CCA, 4.4.2 PRA, and 4.4.3
CMA
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2005: 3.2.1.4.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.2.35

STANAG 4671.1309
FAA Doc: AC-23.1309, 23.1311, EASA CS CS 23.1309*#
23.1331, 25.1309, 25.1331 Reference: CS 23.1311*#
14CFR references: 23.1309, CS 23.1331*#
23.1311, 23.1331, 25.1309, CS 25.1309*#
25.1331 CS 25.1331*#
AC-27-1 and AC-29-2 provide CS 27.1309
guidance on helicopter CS 29.1309
equipment, primarily in subpart CS 29.1331
"F"
Comments: No equivalent paras. CS 25.1311, 27.1311, 29.1311.
11.1.3 Verify that data buses have sufficient redundancy, reliability, and integrity to meet system safety
and flight-critical requirements to preclude:
a. Loss of flight-critical functioning
b. Display of unsafe or misleading information to the operator or maintainer
c. Undetected failure modes

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2005: 3.2.2, 4.2.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.2
Reference: P7 L725/2
STANAG 4671.1301
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS 23.1301*#

CS 23.1311*#
CS 25.1301*#
CS 25.1309*#
CS 27.1301
CS 27.1309
CS 29.1301
Comments: No equivalent paras. CS 25.1311, 27.1311 and 29.1311.
11.1.4 Verify the overall avionics system operates in a deterministic or bounded manner and limits latency
of any time-critical data, including primary flight data, as needed to support all safety-critical functions.

Comm'l Doc:

For undetected failure modes, Reference: P7 L725/2
and timing or latency STANAG 4671.1301
anomalies: JSSG-2005: Reference: 4671.1309
3.2.1.3.2, 4.2.1.3.2 4671.1331
For interface/interconnect 4671.1722
failures: JSSG-2005: 3.2.2.2, 4671.1723
4.2.2.2, 3.2.2.3, 4.2.2.3
FAA Doc: AC-23.1301, 23.1309, EASA CS CS 23.1301
23.1329, 23.1335, 25.1301, Reference: CS 23.1309
25.1309, 25.1329, 25.1335 CS 23.1331
CS 25.1301
CS 25.1309
CS 25.1331
"F"
CS 27.1301
AC 20-145, Guidance for
CS 27.1309
Integrated Modular Avionics
CS 29.1301
(IMA) that Implement TSO-
CS 29.1309
C153 Authorized Hardware
CS 29.1331
Elements.
Comments: No equivalent CS 27.1331.
11.1.5 Verify that all normal, backup, and emergency modes of operation are safe for the integrated
system. Verify the following events do not result in unsafe system operation:

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2005: 3.3.5, 4.3.5 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.2.35
Reference: 00-970 6.2.36
For undetected failure modes, P7 L725 4.1
and timing or latency
STANAG 4671.1301
anomalies: JSSG-2005:
3.2.1.3.2, 4.2.1.3.2
4671.1607
For interface/interconnect
failures: JSSG-2005: 3.2.2.2,
4.2.2.2, 3.2.2.3, 4.2.2.3
FAA Doc: AC-23.1301, 23.1309, 23.1329, EASA CS CS 23.1301

23.1335, 25.1301, 25.1309, Reference: CS 23.1309
25.1329, 25.1335 CS 23.1329
CS 25.1301
guidance on helicopter CS 25.1329
equipment, primarily in subpart CS 27.1301
"F" CS 27.1309
CS 27.1329
AC 20-145, Guidance for CS 29.1301
Integrated Modular Avionics CS 29.1309
(IMA) that Implement TSO- CS 29.1329
C153 Authorized Hardware
Elements.

Comments: CS 23.1335, 27.1335 and 29.1335 not relevant.
11.1.6 Verify that the avionics system integrated diagnostics provides the fault coverage, low false alarm
rates, fault isolation, and fault detection needed to detect bad data and failed components that would
degrade safe operation.

Comm'l Doc:
4.2.1.3.2 Reference: P7 L725 3.2
STANAG 4671.1309
FAA Doc: AC-23.1309, 25.1309 EASA CS CS 23.1309*#
14CFR reference 23.1309, Reference: CS 25.1309*#
25.1309 CS 27.1309
"F"
AC 29-2C, Certification of
Transport Category Rotorcraft
11.2. AVIONICS SUBSYSTEMS.
11.2.1 Verify that critical information is provided to the crew as follows:

a. Legibility of primary flight displays. Verify that primary flight information is provided to the crew
at all times and is fully legible in all mission environments, including full sunshine on displays, sun
in the eyes, and total darkness.
b. Accuracy. Verify that accuracy of flight-critical information meets SOF requirements.
c. Warnings, cautions, and advisories. Verify that cautions and warnings are legible in all mission
environments and are provided in an organized, prioritized system, and that the presentation of
high-priority information is not masked by older or lower priority warnings and cautions.
d. Symbology. Verify that instruments and symbols used to display flight-critical information
employ accepted formats, directions, etc.
e. BIT features. Verify that BIT features of equipment alert the flight crew of flight-critical
equipment status.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.2.1-6.2.6
Reference: 00-970 6.2.33
P7 L725 3.2
STANAG 4671.1301
4671.1323

4671.1325
4671.1327
4671.1721
4671.1727
4671.1785

CS 23.1311*#
CS 23.1321-23.1323*#
CS 23.1325-23.1327*#
CS 23.1541
CS 25.1301*#
CS 25.1309
CS 25.1321-25.1323*#
CS 25.1325-25.1327
CS 25.1541
CS 27.1301
CS 27.1309
CS 27.1321-27.1323
CS 27.1325-27.1327
CS 27.1541
CS 29.1301
CS 29.1309
CS 29.1321-29.1323
CS 29.1325-29.1327
CS 29.1541
Comments: No equivalent paras. CS 25.1311, 27.1311 and 29.1311.

No equivalent MIL docs looked into.
11.2.2 Verify that controls have adequate redundancy and/or reliability to maintain control of all safety-
critical functions.

Comm'l Doc:
4.2.1.8.6 Reference: P7 L725 3.2
STANAG 4671.1731
Reference:
FAA Doc: AC-25.777 EASA CS Nil
AC-27-1 and AC-29-2 provide Reference:
“F”
11.2.3 Verify that data links, such as unmanned air vehicle (UAS)/remotely operated aircraft (ROA)
command and control data links, manned systems with automatic/semi-automatic (man-in-the-loop)
landing, formation, or other control functions with off-board aiding, used for safety- and flight-critical
requirements to
a. Preclude loss of flight-critical functioning and ensure SOF integrity and continuity of service
throughout the intended missions.
b. Preclude display of unsafe or misleading information to the operator or maintainer, and to

satisfy fault-tolerant SOF requirements
Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 6.5.1
P7 L909
STANAG 4671.1301
4671.1603
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference 23.1301, EASA CS CS 23.1301*#
23.1309, 25.1301, 25.1309 Reference: CS 23.1309*#
AC 29-140, Guidelines for CS 25.1301*#
Design Approval of Aircraft CS 25.1309*#
Data Communications CS 27.1301
Systems CS 27.1309
CS 29.1301
CS 29.1309
11.2.4 Verify that each subsystem (including any off-the-shelf equipment) and the overall system
operates throughout the required operational environment without imposing a SOF risk. This verification
typically includes environmental qualification and/or analysis.

Comm'l Doc:
MIL-STD-810 can be used as Reference: 00-970 6.2.40-6.2.61
guidance in selection and P7 L725 2.3.1
tailoring of appropriate P7 L725 6.1-6.4
requirements for specified STANAG 4671.1309
environments. MIL-STD-810 Reference:
provides guidance and test
methods for verification.
FAA Doc: AC-23.1309, 25.1309 EASA CS CS 23.1309
CS 27.1309
CS 29.1309
11.2.5 Verify safe avionics subsystem operation with required power characteristics.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2005: 3.2.2.5, 4.2.2.5 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.2.35
MIL-STD-704 Reference: 00-970 6.2.36
00-970 6.2.37
P7 L725 4.1
STANAG 4671.1309
FAA Doc: AC-23.1351, 25.1351 EASA CS CS 23.1351
CS 27.1351
CS 29.1351
Comments: No equivalent to MIL-STD-704 looked into.
11.3. AVIONICS AIR VEHICLE INSTALLATION.
11.3.1 Verify that the avionics equipment installation, including arrangement and crashworthiness, is
adequate for SOF.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2005: 3.2.3, 4.2.3 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.2.9-6.2.18
MIL-HDBK-87213 3.2.3 Reference: P7 L725 2.3.1
provides guidance on STANAG 4671.1309
environmental requirements for Reference:
cockpit display equipment
MIL-STD-810 provides
guidance on environmental
qualification
23.1321, 25.1309, 25.1321 Reference: CS 23.1321*#
CS 25.1309*#
CS 25.1321*#
CS 27.1309
CS 27.1321
CS 29.1309
CS 29.1321
Comments: No equivalent to MIL-HDBK-87213 and MIL-STD-810 looked into.
11.3.2 Verify that flight manual and maintenance manual limits are adequate to conduct safe flight,
including emergency operations.

Comm'l Doc:

DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG -2005: 3.2.2, 4.2.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 7.5.3
Reference:
STANAG 4671.1501
25.1501 Reference: CS 25.1501*#
AC 27-1B, Subpart G, CS 27.1501
Certification of Normal CS 29.1501
Category Rotorcraft
AC 29-2C, Certification of
Transport Category Rotorcraft
11.3.3 Verify that antenna performance and patterns for safety/flight-critical transmitting and receiving
systems provide adequate coverage to ensure:
a. Flight-critical functioning is retained
b. Unsafe information is not displayed to the operator or maintainer
c. Adequate availability and continuity of service for SOF operations

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: P7 L707 2.1
STANAG 4671.1309
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference 23.1309 EASA CS CS 23.1309*#
CS 27.1309
CS 29.1309
SECTION 12 - ELECTRICAL SYSTEM

1. Design criteria
2. Design studies and analyses, including electrical loads analysis
4. Hazard analyses
5. Functional operations test results
6. Performance test results
7. Installation and operational characteristics
8. Component and system qualifications
9. Flight manual, flight test procedures, and limitations
10. Wiring diagrams, which may include information regarding
• Wire types, wire sizes and current/voltage carried, wire identification, circuit breaker
sizes and part numbers
• Harness diameters including modified harnesses
• Connector and accessories part numbers and identification
• Clamping and part numbers
• Miscellaneous parts identification and part numbers-nuts, bolts, washers, terminal lugs,
environmental splices/shield terminations
11. 3D routing diagrams with several views and pictures
12. Visual assessment of the design implementation and installation
13. Component and system qualifications
14. Installed equipment list
(Note: For subsystems that use computer resources, see section 15 for additional specific criteria.)
12.1. ELECTRIC POWER GENERATION SYSTEM.
Definition: For airborne, ship borne or ground applications, the electric power generating system includes
electrical power sources, main power buses, transmission cables, and associated control, regulation and
protective devices.
12.1.1 Verify that sufficient power is available to meet the power requirements during all modes of
operation and failure conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: For guidance/principles relating Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.6.1
to assurance of electrical Reference: 00-970 6.6.2
system capacity: 00-970 6.6.16
MIL-E-7016
00-970 6.6.18
AFGS-87219
STANAG 4671.1350
JSSG-2009: Appendix C

C.3.4.3.5.2, C.4.4.3.5.2;
Appendix H H.3.4.8.2,
H.4.4.8.2
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.1351; EASA CS CS 23.1351*#
25.1351 Reference: CS 25.1310
CS 25.1351*#
CS 27.1351
CS 29.1351
Comments: 00-970 6.6.1 and 6.6.2 cover ability of electrical system to provide required power.
00-970 6.6.16 and 6.6.18 state minimum generating capacity for normal and
emergency conditions.
CS 23.1351, 25.1351, 27.1351 and 29.1351 cover general electrical system capacity.
12.1.2 Verify that the operation of the electric power generation system and its component parts is safe,
including adequate implementation of cooling provisions, status/failure indications, and
mechanical/thermal disconnect (as applicable) of generators, converters, inverters, batteries, etc.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: For guidance/principles Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.6.1
regarding design and operation Reference: 00-970 6.6.2
of safe electrical generation 00-970 6.6.28
systems:
00-970 6.6.34
AFGS-87219
00-970 6.6.87
MIL-G-21480
P7 C706 4.2.2
MIL-HDBK-454
P7 C706 4.6
MIL-STD-464
P7 C706 7.4.2
ADS-51-HDBK
P7 L706/1 2.2.1
Chapter/Section 8-7
JSSG-2009: Appendix H STANAG 4671.1351
H.3.4.8, H.4.4.8, H.3.4.8.4,
4671.1367
H.4.4.8.4
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.1351- EASA CS CS 23.1351-23.1367*#
23.1367, 25.1351-25.1363 Reference: CS 25.1351-25.1363*#
CS 27.1351-27.1367
CS 29.1351-29.1363
Comments: 00-970 6.6.1 and 6.6.2 cover ability of electrical system to provide required power.
00-970 6.6.28 and P9 C706 4.2.2 covers indication.
00-970 C706 4.6 and P7 C706 4.6 covers cooling.
00-970 6.6.87 covers disconnect of power supplies.
P7 C706 7.4.2 covers battery cooling.
P7 L706/1 2.2.1 covers warnings.
CS 23.1351-23.1367, CS 25.1351-25.1363, CS 27.1351-27.1367 and CS 29.1351-
1367 cover entire electrical systems and equipment section.

12.1.3 Verify that operation of the integrated electrical power system for normal and emergency modes is
safe. This includes use of actual or simulated drives and loads, all flight and control configurations,
transition between modes, bus switching, load shedding, fault condition operation (detection, clearing,
and reconfiguration), and assurance that no single fault affects more than one power source.

Comm'l Doc:
regarding/affecting design and Reference: 00-970 6.6.6
operation of safe integrated 00-970 6.6.15
electrical systems:
00-970 6.6.18
AFGS-87219
P7 C706 2.4
MIL-STD-464
P7 C706 3.3
MIL-E-7016
ADS-51-HDBK STANAG 4671.1351
Chapter/Section 8-7)
4671.1367
JSSG-2009: Appendix H
H.3.4.8, H.4.4.8, H.3.4.8.4,
H.4.4.8.4, H.3.4.8.5, H.4.4.8.5
23.1367; 25.1351-25.1363 Reference: CS 25.1351-25.1363*#
CS 27.1351-27.1367
CS 29.1351-29.1363
Comments: 00-970 6.6.2 and P7 C706 2.4 covers single point failures.
00-970 6.6.6 covers availability of electrical power after generator failure.
00-970 6.6.15 covers warning of failure.
00-970 6.6.18 and P7 C706 3.3 covers emergency capacity.
CS 23.1351-23.1367, CS 25.1351-25.1363, CS 27.1351-27.1367 and CS 29.1351-
12.1.4 Verify that required power quality is maintained for all operating conditions and load combinations.

Comm'l Doc: SAE AS1831 for
guidance/principles
regarding/affecting design and
operation of electrical systems
to provide compatible and
predictable electric power
quality.
operation of electrical systems 00-970 6.6.12
to provide compatible and
00-970 6.6.16
predictable electric power
quality: P7 C706 2.7.1-2.7.3

AFGS-87219 P7 C706 3.2
MIL-STD-464 P7 C706 3.3
MIL-STD-704
MIL-HDBK-704 STANAG 4671.1351
MIL-STD-1399-300 Reference: 4671.1367
ADS-51-HDBK chapter/section
7
H.3.4.8.1, H.4.4.8.1
MIL-HDBK-704 for test
methods and procedures for
verification of power quality
23.1367; 25.1351-25.1363 Reference: CS 25.1351-25.1363*#
CS 27.1351-27.1367
CS 29.1351-29.1363
Comments: 00-970 6.6.1 covers ability of electrical system to provide required power.
00-970 6.6.12 covers transient spikes.
00-970 6.6.16 state minimum generating capacity for normal and emergency
conditions.
P7 C706 2.7.1-2.7.3 covers services to be supplied in an emergency.
P7 C706 3.2 and 3.3 cover normal and emergency capacity.
CS 23.1351-23.1367, CS 25.1351-25.1363, CS 27.1351-27.1367 and CS 29.1351-
12.1.5 Verify that the independent, uninterruptible power sources, including power control panels, are
available to satisfy requirements of essential redundancy for flight-critical functions after failure of the
primary power system and there is no single-point failure (including circuit boards) anywhere in the power
system.

Comm'l Doc:
operation of electrical systems P7 C706 2.4
for uninterruptible electric
P7 C706 2.7.1-2.7.3
power:
AFGS-87219
MIL-E-7016 STANAG 4671.1351
NAVSEA TM-S9310-AQ-SAF- Reference: 4671.1353
010 4671.1367
H.3.4.8, H.4.4.8
23.1367; 25.1351-25.1363 Reference: CS 25.1351-25.1363*#

CS 27.1351-27.1367
CS 29.1351-29.1363
P7 C706 2.7.1-2.7.3 covers services to be supplied in an emergency.
CS 23.1351-23.1367, CS 25.1351-25.1363, CS 27.1351-27.1367 and CS 29.1351-
12.1.6 Verify that, if batteries are employed for SOF backup power, adequate charging methods and
checks are provided and installation provisions for all batteries are safe.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: For guidance/principles Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.6.82-6.6.88
regarding/affecting the Reference: P7 C706 7
integrated design and
operation of battery
subsystems within aircraft STANAG 4671.1353
electrical systems: Reference:
AFGS-87219
NAVSEA TM-S9310-AQ-SAF-
010
H.6.4.2
23.1367; 25.1351-25.1363 Reference: CS 25.1353(c)
CS 27.1353
CS 29.1353
Comments: 00-970 6.6.82-6.6.88 and P7 C706 7 cover battery installation.

CS 23.1351-23.1367, CS 25.1351-25.1363, CS 27.1351-27.1367 and CS 29.1351-
12.1.7 Verify that emergency backup electrical power systems provide required power for flight conditions
associated with the mission profiles of the platform and for malfunction recovery procedures.

Comm'l Doc:
regarding/affecting the Reference: 00-970 6.6.8
integrated design and 00-970 6.6.18
operation of backup power
00-970 6.6.19
within aircraft electrical
systems: P7 C706 2.7.1-2.7.3
AFGS-87219 P7 C706 3.3
MIL-E-7016 STANAG 4671.1351

JSSG-2009: Appendix H Reference: 4671.1353
H.3.4.8, H.4.4.8, H.3.4.8.5, 4671.1367
H.4.4.8.5
23.1367; 25.1351-25.1363 Reference: CS 25.1351-25.1363*#
CS 27.1351-27.1367
CS 29.1351-29.1363
Comments: 00-970 6.6.6 covers availability of electrical power after generator failure.
00-970 6.6.8 covers continuous supply.
00-970 6.6.18 and P7 C706 3.3 covers emergency capacity.
00-970 6.6.19 covers battery supply of emergency power.
CS 23.1351-23.1367, CS 25.1351-25.1363, CS 27.1351-27.1367 and CS 29.1351-
12.1.8 Verify that any subsystem limitations are defined and included in the appropriate manuals.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: For guidance/principles Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 7.5(all)
affecting/providing awareness Reference:
of limitations of aircraft STANAG
electrical systems: 4671.1301
MIL-E-7016 Reference: 4671.1309
JSSG-2009: Appendix H 4671.1583
H.3.4.8, H.4.4.8
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.1301, EASA CS CS 23.1301*#
23.1309; 25.1301, 25.1309 Reference: CS 23.1309*#
CS 23.1583#
CS 25.1301*#
CS 25.1309*#
CS 25.1583#
CS 27.1583#
CS 29.1583#
Comments: CS 23.1301 and 25.1301 do not mention manuals.
CS 23.1309 and 25.1309 do not mention manuals.
12.1.9 Verify that suitable normal and emergency operating procedures are included in the flight manual.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: Appendix H Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
H.3.4.8, H.4.4.8 for Reference:
guidance/principles STANAG
regarding/providing awareness 4671.1301
of operating characteristics and Reference: 4671.1309

procedures for aircraft 4671.1583
electrical systems.
23.1309; 25.1301, 25.1309 Reference: CS 23.1309*#
CS 23.1585
CS 25.1301*#
CS 25.1309*#
CS 25.1585
CS 27.1585
CS 29.1585
Comments: CS 23.1301 and 25.1301 do not mention manuals.
CS 23.1309 and 25.1309 do not mention manuals.
12.1.10 Verify that the system powers up in a safe state and, upon loss of power or power
transient/fluctuation, the system remains in a known safe state or reverts to a known safe state.

Comm'l Doc:
regarding design with Reference: P7 C706 2.2.2
knowledge of the states of STANAG
aircraft electrical systems: 4671.1351
AFGS-87219 Reference: 4671.1361
MIL-STD-464
JSSG-2009: Appendix H 4671.1367
3.4.8.4, 3.4.8.5
23.1367; 25.1351-25.1363, Reference: CS 25.1351-25.1363*#
25.1309, 25.1529 CS 27.1351-27.1367
CS 29.1351-29.1363
Comments: 00-970 6.6.104 covers system testing.
P7 C706 2.2.2 covers system functionality.
CS 23.1351-23.1367, CS 25.1351-25.1363, CS 27.1351-27.1367 and CS 29.1351-
12.2. ELECTRICAL WIRING SYSTEM, INCLUDING POWER DISTRIBUTION.
This element involves all wiring and wiring components (connectors, circuit breakers, etc.) throughout the
air vehicle; and for UAS/ROA, the control station safety of flight-related wiring system.
12.2.1 Verify that appropriate electrical wiring (conductor material and coating and insulation system),
electrical system components, and support devices in the design are suitable for the physical
environment in each area on the air vehicle. Verify that electrical wiring system installation is safe
regarding shock hazard protection for personnel.

Comm'l Doc: For guidance/principles
regarding design and selection
of aircraft electrical system
components:
SAE AS50881
NFPA 70
regarding design and selection Reference: 00-970 6.6.56
of aircraft electrical system 00-970 6.6.57
components:
00-970 6.6.59
MIL-HDBK-299
00-970 6.6.92
MIL-HDBK-454
P7 C706 2.5
MIL-STD-1683
P7 C706 6.1.5-6.1.6
MIL-STD-7080
P7 C706 6.2.1
H.6.4.1 STANAG 4671.1365
25.1353 Reference: CS 25.1360
CS 25.1365
CS 27.1365
Comments: 00-970 6.6.3 and P7 C706 2.5 cover electrical wiring installations.
00-970 6.6.56 covers appropriate wiring.
00-970 6.6.57 covers termination.
00-970 6.6.59 covers termination posts.
00-970 6.6.92 covers temperature environment.
P7 C706 6.1.5-6.1.6 covers wiring and termination.
P7 C706 6.2.1 covers insulation.
CS 25.1353 doesn't cover this.
No equivalent para CS 23.1360, 27.1360, 29.1360 or 29.1365.
12.2.2 Verify that wiring is sized properly for the required current handling capability and voltage drop.

regarding proper
selection/sizing of aircraft
electrical system wiring
components:
SAE AS50881
NFPA 70
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: Appendix H Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.6.56
H.6.4.1 for guidance/principles Reference: P7 C706 6.1.5
regarding proper STANAG
selection/sizing of aircraft 4671.1353
electrical system wiring Reference: 4671.1357
components: 4671.1365(a)

FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.1365; EASA CS CS 23.1353
25.1353 Reference: CS 23.1357
CS 23.1365(a)*#
CS 25.1353*#
CS 25.1357
CS 25.1365
CS 27.1353
CS 27.1357
CS 27.1365(a)
CS 29.1353
CS 29.1357
Comments: 00-970 6.6.56 and P7 C706 6.1.5 covers appropriate wiring.
12.2.3 Verify that proper circuit protection is provided for wiring associated with power distribution
throughout its entire run, including circuits contained in or exiting from any electronic enclosures
performing intermediate power switching or distribution functions.

regarding design and selection
of aircraft wiring protection:
SAE AS50881
NFPA 70
regarding design and selection Reference: 00-970 6.6.41
of aircraft wiring protection: 00-970 6.6.50
MIL-HDBK-454
00-970 6.6.55
MIL-STD-7080
P7 C706 5.3
STANAG 4671.1357
H.3.4.8.5, H.4.4.8.5
Reference:
25.1357 Reference: CS 25.1357*#
CS 27.1357
CS 29.1357
Comments: 00-970 6.6.37 covers short circuits.
00-970 6.6.41 covers installation of protective devices.
00-970 6.6.50 covers grounding.
00-970 6.6.55 covers installation.
P7 C706 5.3 covers circuit protection.
CS 23.1357, 25.1357, 27.1357 and 29.1357 covers circuit protective devices.
12.2.4 Verify that redundant circuits provided for safety are sufficiently isolated.

regarding provision of isolation
for aircraft electrical circuits:
SAE AS50881
NFPA 70
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: Appendix H Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
H.6.4.1 for guidance/principles Reference:
regarding provision of isolation STANAG
for aircraft electrical circuits: 4671.1309
23.1309; 25.1301, 25.1309 Reference: CS 25.1309
CS 27.1309*#
CS 27.1309
Comments: CS 23.1301 and CS 25.1301 cover general equipment function and installation.
CS 23.1309, 25.1309, 27.1309 and 29.1309 cover equipment systems and
installation.
12.2.5 Verify that design precludes single-point failures related to wiring when redundant functions are
integrated within an electronics enclosure.

Comm'l Doc: For guidance/principles relating
to design of equipment to
minimize single point failures in
redundant circuits:
SAE AS50881
NFPA 70
DoD/MIL Doc: For guidance/principles relating Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.6.2
to design of equipment to Reference: P7 C706 2.4
minimize single point failures in
redundant circuits:
MIL-HDBK-454, Guideline 69 STANAG 4671.1351
Reference:
H.6.4.1, 6.1
23.1309, 23.1351-23.1367; Reference: CS 25.1351
25.1301, 25.1309, 25.1351- CS 27.1351
25.1363, 25.1529
CS 29.1351
SFAR No. 88--Fuel Tank
System Fault Tolerance
Evaluation Requirements
CS 23.1301 and CS 25.1301 cover general equipment function and installation.
CS 23.1309 and 25.1309 cover equipment systems and installation.
CS 23.1351-23.1357 and CS 25.1351-251363 cover entire electrical system and
equipment section.
CS 25.1529 covers general instructions for airworthiness.
No equivalent MIL-HDBK-454 looked into.
12.2.6 Verify that the design of the wiring system installation, including connectors, is adequate for all
planned operating conditions.

regarding good engineering
design of wiring system
installations:
SAE AS50881
NFPA 70
regarding good engineering Reference: 00-970 6.6.35
design of wiring system 00-970 6.6.52-6.6.58
installations:
P7 C706 2.2
JSSG-2009: 3.3, 3.3.4;
P7 C706 5.1.1
Appendix E E.4.4.5.1.3,
E.3.4.5.1.11, E.4.4.5.1.11,
E.3.4.5.8.7, E.4.4.5.8.7, STANAG 3659
E.3.4.5.8.12, E.4.4.5.8.12;
Appendix G G.3.4.7.2,
G.3.4.7.6, G.4.4.7.6; Appendix
H H.6.4.1, 6.1 FAA Doc:
14CFR references: 23.1301,
23.1309, 23.1351-23.1367;
25.1301, 25.1309, 25.1351-
25.1363, 25.1529
AC 43.13-1B CHG 1 -
Acceptable Methods,
Techniques and Procedures -
Aircraft Inspection and Repair
CS 27.1351
CS 29.1351
Comments: 00-970 6.6.1 and P7 C706 2.2 covers ability of electrical system to provide required
power.
00-970 6.6.35 covers vibration.
00-970 6.6.52-6.6.58 covers installation.
P7 C706 5.1.1 covers environmental conditions.
CS 23.1301 and CS 25.1301 cover general equipment function and installation.
CS 23.1309 and 25.1309 cover equipment systems and installation.
equipment section.
12.2.6.1 Verify that wiring in areas containing explosive vapours is protected to prevent potential ignition
sources, including issues with aging and deterioration of the wiring.

regarding wiring design
principles/practice for
prevention of ignition sources:
SAE AS50881
NFPA 70
regarding wiring design Reference: 00-970 4.26.32
principles/practice for 00-970 6.2.59
prevention of ignition sources:
00-970 6.2.90
JSSG-2009: 3.3, 3.3.4;
P7 L706 2.5
P7 C712 3.7.1
E.3.4.5.1.11, E.4.4.5.1.11,
E.3.4.5.8.7, STANAG 4671.863(b)
E.4.4.5.8.7, E.3.4.5.8.12,
E4.4.5.8.12; Appendix G
G.3.4.7.2, G.3.4.7.6, G.4.4.7.6;
Appendix H H.6.1
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.1351- EASA CS CS 23.863(b)(3)
23.1367; 25.1351-25.1363, Reference: CS 25.863(b)(3)
25.1309, 25.1529 CS 27.863(b)(3)
CS 29.863(b)(3)
Comments: 00-970 4.26.14 and P7 C712 3.7.1 covers installations next to flammable fluid
systems.
00-970 4.26.32 and 6.2.59 cover flammable fluid protection.
00-970 6.2.90 covers protection from fluid lines
P9 L706 2.5 covers installation.
CS 25.1309 covers equipment systems and installation.
equipment section.
12.2.6.2 Verify that failure (either open circuit fault or shorted/crossed-circuits fault) within a wiring
harness that includes safety-critical wiring does not cause loss of, or unacceptable degradation to, any
safety-critical functions.

Comm'l Doc: For guidance/principles leading
toward good design practice
and minimization of loss of
safety-critical functions:
SAE AS50881
NFPA 70
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: Appendix H H.6.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.6.2

for guidance/principles leading Reference: 00-970 6.6.3
toward good design practice P7 C706 2.4
and minimization of loss of
safety-critical functions: STANAG 4671.1351
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.1351- EASA CS Nil
23.1367; 25.1351-25.1363, Reference:
25.1309, 25.1529
00-970 6.6.3 covers electrical wiring installations.
CS 25.1309 covers equipment systems and installation.
CS 23.1351-23.1357 and CS 25.1351-25.1363 cover entire electrical system and
equipment section.
12.2.6.3 Verify that the wiring design and installation procedures maintain positive separation of wiring
from all fluid or gas carrying lines and flight controls (taking into account movement caused by dynamic G
loading, thermal effects and vibration).

regarding the fundamentals of
sound design for effective
separation of wiring from other
subsystem components:
SAE AS50881
NFPA 70
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.3.8; Appendix B Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.6.3
B.3.4.2.1.17; Appendix H Reference: 00-970 6.6.90
H.6.4.1; Appendix M M.6.4.1
for guidance/principles
regarding the fundamentals of STANAG 4671.1351
sound design for effective Reference: 4671.1365
separation of wiring from other
subsystem components
CS 27.1351
CS 29.1351
CS 23.1365(d)
Comments: 00-970 6.6.3 covers electrical wiring installations.
00-970 6.6.90 covers separation from flammable fluid lines.
CS 25.1365 covers electrical appliances.
CS 27.1365 doesn't cover separation.
12.2.6.4 Verify that the routing design and installation procedures are such that the installation of wiring is
free from chafing conditions.

regarding the prevention of
wire/cable/harness chafing:
SAE AS50881
NFPA 70
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2009: 3.3.8; Appendix A Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.6.64
A.3.4.1.5.8.1; Appendix B Reference: 00-970 S6 L14 4.1.3
B.3.4.2.1.17; Appendix H P7 C706 6.5.1
H.6.4.1; Appendix L L.3.4.12;
STANAG 4671.1351
Appendix M M.6.4.1 for
guidance/principles regarding Reference:
the prevention of
wire/cable/harness chafing:
CS 27.1351
CS 29.1351
CS 23.1365(d)
Comments: 00-970 6.6.64 and P7 C706 6.5.1 cover restraint of wires.
00-970 S6 L14 4.1.3 covers support of wiring assemblies.
CS 27.1365 doesn't cover separation.
12.2.6.5 Verify that wiring design provides primary and secondary support for the wiring throughout the
installation.

regarding the provision of
proper support for wiring:
SAE AS50881
NFPA 70
regarding the provision of Reference: 00-970 6.6.64
proper support for wiring: P7 C706 6.1.4
JSSG-2001: 4.3.10.1.1
P7 C706 6.5.1
JSSG-2009: 3.2.6, 3.2.9.2;
STANAG 4671.1365
Appendix H H.6.4.1, H.6.4.2
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS CS 23.1365(d)
Reference:
Comments: 00-970 6.6.55 and P7 C706 6.1.4 covers support of wiring.
00-970 6.6.64 and P7 C706 6.5.1 cover restraint of wires.
CS 27.1365 doesn't cover support.
12.2.6.6 Verify that maintainability is a factor in the design and installation procedures for wiring and
components.

Comm'l Doc: For guidance/principles leading
toward maintainable design(s):
SAE AS50881
NFPA 70
DoD/MIL Doc: For guidance/principles leading Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.6.65
toward maintainable design(s): Reference: 00-970 L706 2.5
JSSG-2001: 3.1.5, 4.1.5, P7 C706 6.5.2
3.3.10.2.2, 4.1.8.2.5.1, STANAG 4671.1365
4.1.8.2.5.2, 4.4.8 Reference:
JSSG-2009: Appendix H 6.4.1
Reference:
Comments: 00-970 6.6.65 and P7 C706 6.5.2 covers identification of wiring.
00-970 L706 2.5 covers installation of wiring.
CS 27.1365 doesn't cover maintainability.
12.2.6.7 Verify that all equipment and equipment racks are designed for proper electrical bonding.

Comm'l Doc: SAE ARP1870 for
guidance/principles regarding
the provision of proper
electrical bonding
regarding the provision of Reference: 00-970 4.27.9
proper electrical bonding: 00-970 6.2.25
MIL-HDBK-419
P7 L706/1 3.1
MIL-HDBK-454
STANAG 4671.867
MIL-STD-464 sections A5.10
Reference:
and A5.11
MIL-STD-1310
JSSG-2001: 3.2.1, 4.2.1,
3.3.10.1.1, 4.3.10.1.1
JSSG-2009: 3.3, 3.3.4;
E.3.4.5.1.11, E.4.4.5.1.11,
E.3.4.5.8.7,
E.4.4.5.8.7, E.3.4.5.8.12,
E.4.4.5.8.12; Appendix G
G.3.4.7.2, G.3.4.7.6, G.4.4.7.6
Reference:
Comments: 00-970 4.27.7, 4.27.9 and 6.2.25 cover bonding.
P7 L706/1 3.1 covers bonding and ground straps.
Bonding not included in CS 25.867.
No equivalent paras Cs 27.867 and 29.867.

SECTION 13 - ELECTROMAGNETIC ENVIRONMENTAL

EFFECTS (E3)
1. E3 design criteria, analysis, and tradeoff studies
2. Results of E3 modelling and simulation
3. E3 failure modes, and effects, and criticality analyses
4. Electromagnetic hazard analyses
5. Equipment/subsystem E3 qualification reports
6. Details of installation and operation
7. System E3 qualification tests
8. Flight and operational manuals, and flight test procedures, and limitations
9. Safety-of-flight (SOF) certifications
10. Authorized radio frequency allocations

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-464 Def-Stan 00-970
Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
13.1. COMPONENT/SUBSYSTEM E3 QUALIFICATION.
13.1.1 Verify that all flight-critical equipment complies with all electromagnetic environmental effects
requirements, including lightning susceptibility, that are appropriate for the system application; or verify
that appropriate flight restrictions are imposed.

Comm'l Doc: RTCA DO-160 sections 18
through 22
SAE ARP5412, section 4
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-461, section 5 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.27.23-4.27.40
MIL-STD-464, section 5.4 Reference: 00-970 6.1.32
00-970 6.1.41
00-970 6.6.54
00-970 6.10(all)
S9 L1011
STANAG 4671.867
Reference: 4671.685(e)
4671.1431(g)
4671.U1605
4671.U1717

CS 25.899
CS 25.1316
CS 25.1435#
CS 25.1707
CS 23.1301
CS 25.1301
CS 27.1301
CS 29.1301
Comments: CS 25.867 covers fire protection.

No equivalent paras CS 27.867, 29.899, 29.867 and 29.899.
No equivalent paras CS 23.581, 27.581and 29.581.
EMI not covered in CS 23.1435, 27.1435 and CS 29.1435.
AMC refers to CS23/25/27/20.1301 - EMC covered by this para.
No equivalent to MIL-STD-461 and 464 looked into.
# means judgement called to be made.
13.1.2 Verify that all non-flight-critical equipment complies with the conducted and radiated emissions and
susceptibility requirements (including external electromagnetic environments), and does not impact the
safe operation of flight-critical equipment.

Comm'l Doc: RTCA DO-160 sections 18
through 22
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-461, section 5 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.27.23-4.27.40
Reference: 00-970 6.1.4
00-970 6.1.41
00-970 6.2.58
00-970 6.6.54
STANAG 4671.867
4671.1431(g)
4671.1481
4671.U1605
4671.U1717
CS 25.899
CS 25.1316
CS 25.1435#
CS 25.1707
CS 23.1301
CS 25.1301
CS 27.1301

CS 29.1301

No equivalent to MIL-STD-461 looked into.
13.1.3 Verify that all non-flight critical equipment complies with transient susceptibility requirements that
include consideration of indirect effects levels derived from the external lightning environment, and does
not impact the safe operation of flight-critical equipment.

Comm'l Doc: RTCA DO-160, section 22
SAE ARP 5412, section 4
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-464, section 5.4 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.27.23-4.27.40
Reference:
STANAG 4671.867
4671.1431(g)
4671.U1605
4671.U1717
CS 25.899
CS 25.1316
CS 25.1435#
CS 25.1707
CS 23.1301
CS 25.1301
CS 27.1301
CS 29.1301

13.2. SYSTEM-LEVEL E3 QUALIFICATION.
13.2.1 Verify that all equipment and subsystems exhibit mutual electromagnetic compatibility.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-464, section 5.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.1.41
Reference: 00-970 6.6.10.3
S9 L1011
STANAG 4671.867
4671.1431(g)
4671.U1481(b)
4671.U1605
4671.U1717
CS 29.1431(b)
CS 23.C5 287b(2)(iii)
CS 23.1301
CS 25.1301
CS 27.1301
CS 29.1301
Comments: No equivalent para. CS 27.1431.
13.2.2 Verify that antenna-connected equipment is compatible with one another and it is not degraded
beyond its operational requirements, by any other on-board and off-board equipment to a level that would
impact safety.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 6.1.19
00-970 6.10.2
STANAG 4671.1431
4671.U1615#
4671.1717
CS 29.1431(b)
Comments: No equivalent to MIL-STD-464 looked into.
13.2.3 Verify that the system is electromagnetically compatible with its intended external radio frequency
(RF) electromagnetic environment.

Comm'l Doc: SAE ARP5583, sections 5 and
7
Reference: 00-970 6.1.41
00-970 6.10.3
STANAG 4671.1301
Reference: 46711309 (e)
Reference: CS 23.1309(e)
CS 23.1431
CS 25.1301
CS 25.1431
CS 27.1301
CS 29.1431
CS 29.1301
CS 29.1309(h)
Comments: Not covered by CS 25.1309 and CS 27.1309.
13.2.4 Verify that the system has met all requirements for lightning, either direct (physical) or indirect
(electromagnetic) effects and that any potential for ignition of fuel vapours are eliminated.

Comm'l Doc: SAE ARP5412, section 4
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-464, section 5.4 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.27.23-4.27.40
Reference: P7 L707 5.1.3
P7 L708
STANAG 4671.863(b)(3)
Reference: 4671.867

CS 25.1316
CS 27.610
CS 27.865
CS 29.610
CS 29.865

No equivalent paras CS 27.867 and 29.867.
13.2.5 Verify that the system meets the requirements for electromagnetic pulse (EMP) protection, if
applicable.
Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-464,section 5.5 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 6.5.23
MIL-STD-2169 Reference: 00-970 6.10(all)
STANAG 4671.1431 (g)
Reference:
Reference:
Comments: Military specific requirement so not covered in EASA standards.
No equivalent to MIL-STD-464 and 2169 looked into.
13.2.6 Verify that the system is able to control and dissipate the build-up of electrostatic charges caused
by particle impingement, fluid flow, air flow, and other tribolectric charge-generating mechanisms to avoid
ordnance hazards, personnel shock hazards and to control p-static interference or damage to electronics.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-464, section 5.7 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.27(all)
Reference: 00-970 6.1.32
00-970 6.10.4
P7 L708
STANAG 4671.U1717 (a)(3)

Reference:

13.2.7 Verify that sources of electromagnetic radiation pose no hazard to personnel (HERP), fuel (HERF),
and ordnance (HERO), and that the appropriate manuals include safe criteria regarding distance from on-
board and off-board transmitters to personnel and fuel sources.

7
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-464, sections 5.3 and Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
5.4 Reference:
DoDI 6055.11, Protection of STANAG
DoD Personnel from Exposure Reference:
to Radiofrequency Radiation
and Military Exempt Lasers
TO 31Z-10-4, Electromagnetic

Radiation Hazard
NAVSEA OP 3565,
Electromagnetic Radiation
Hazard
TB MED 523, Control of
Hazards to Health from
Microwave and Radio
Frequency Radiation and
Ultrasound
Reference:
Comments: Assumed to be a US specific military requirement so not covered by Def-Stan970 or
EASA docs.
13.2.8 Verify that the system electrical bonding is adequate to ensure safe system operation.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-464, section 5.10 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.27(all)
Reference: P7 L708
STANAG 3659
Reference: 4671.867

13.2.9 Verify that the required safety margins for electro explosive devices are met.

7
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-464, sections 5.3 and Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 9.2.13
5.4 Reference: 00-970 9.7.42
00-970 9.8.68
P7 L708
STANAG
Reference:
Reference:
Comments: Military specific requirement so not covered in EASA standards.
13.2.10 Verify that the system meets the electromagnetic spectrum licensing requirements in accordance
with the Authority, national, and international regulations and has received electromagnetic spectrum
certification.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: DoDD 4650.1, Management Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
and Use of the Radio Reference:
Frequency Spectrum DD Form STANAG
1494, Application for
Frequency Allocation Reference:
Reference:
Comments: Assumed to be a US specific military requirement so not covered by Def-Stan970 or
EASA docs.
DoD replaced with Authority.
This is not traditionally considered an airworthiness issue.
SECTION 14 - SYSTEM SAFETY

1. System safety program plan
2. Preliminary hazard analyses
3. Subsystem hazard analyses (fault hazard analyses or fault tree analyses)
4. System hazard analyses (including hardware, software and human system integration
causal factors)
5. Operating and support hazard analyses
6. Test hazard analyses
7. Occupational health hazard assessment
8. Specialized analyses such as a sneak circuit analyses and software hazard analyses
9. Type T-2 modification documentation (for correction of safety deficiencies)
10. Component/system test results (waivers/deviations and equipment conditional usage
documents)
11. Minutes of system safety group meetings (open items)
12. Minutes of system safety program reviews (open items)
13. Engineering change proposals (safety related)
14. Hazard identification, evaluation and correction-tracking system files
15. Safety assessment reports
16. SOF test plans and test results
17. Test temporary engineering orders (not previously included in any safety analyses)
19. Hazard risk index
20. MIL-STD-882, System Safety Program Requirements
21. Test review board reports
22. Safety review board reports
23. Flight readiness review reports
24. Safety requirements traceability matrix (both hardware and software)
14.1. SYSTEM SAFETY PROGRAM.
14.1.1 Verify that an effective system safety program is implemented that mitigates risks/hazards
attributed to hardware, software, and human system integration and that the safety program documents
and tracks the risks/hazards of the design/modification.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-882D: 1.1, 4.1, 4.2, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 L732 3.3.1
4.3, 4.4, 4.5 Reference: 00-970 P9 2.4.1, 2.4.2
DoDI 5000.2 Enclosure 3 Def-Stan00-56
Table E3.T1, for details of STANAG 4671.1309
PESHE content and relation to Reference:
system safety
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: system EASA CS CS 25 AMC 25-19 7#
safety sections of Parts 23, 25, Reference: CS 25 AMC 25.901 5#
27, 29

SAE ARP 4761
Comments: Def-Stan 00.56 covers Safety Management Requirements for defence systems.
No equivalent EASA criteria in CS 23, 27 or 29.
SAE ARP 4761 covers safety management for civilian aircraft.
14.1.1.1 Verify that the system safety program incorporates system safety into all aspects of systems
engineering.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-882D: 4.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P9 2.4.1, 2.4.2
Reference: Def-Stan 00-56
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: system EASA CS SAE ARP 4761
safety sections of Parts 23, 25, Reference:
27, 29
14.1.1.2 Verify that appropriate analysis tasks of MIL-STD-882 are accomplished for all programs,
including temporary and permanent modifications.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-882D: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P9 2.4.1
4.4, 4.5 Reference: Def-Stan 00-56
JSSG-2001: Sect. 3.3.10 STANAG Nil
discusses mishap risk Reference:
baselines
27, 29
MIL-STD-882 is a US standard
14.1.1.3 Verify that hazards/risks are tracked and residual risks documented.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-882D: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P9 2.4.1
4.4, 4.5 Reference: Def-Stan 00-56
STANAG Nil
Reference:

27, 29
No equivalent EASA criteria in CS 23, 27 or 29.
14.1.1.4 Verify that the system safety program addresses the following:
a. Flight safety
b. Ground/industrial safety
c. Explosives and ordnance safety; non-nuclear munitions
d. Range safety
e. Nuclear safety
f. Radiation/laser safety
g. Test safety and support
h. Software safety
i. Materials
j. Failure modes and effects testing and built-in-test
k. Fail safe design
l. Support equipment

Comm'l Doc: For f. above: ANSI Z 136.1 for
definitions of key laser safety
design requirements
DoD/MIL Doc: For c. above: DOD Standard Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P9 2.4.1
6055.9-STD and DoD TO-11A- Reference: Def-Stan 00-56
1-47 STANAG
For e. above: DoD Directive Nil
Reference:
3150.2, 23 Dec 1996, 4.1 lists
the four key design standards.
For f. above: MIL-STD-1425A
and MIL-HDBK-828
For h. above: Section 14.3 of
this document
27, 29
a. Flight safety
b. Ground/industrial safety
c. Explosives and ordnance
safety; non-nuclear munitions
d. Range safety
e. Nuclear safety
f. Radiation/laser safety
g. Test safety and support
h. Software safety
i. Materials
j. Failure modes and effects
testing and built-in-test

k. Fail safe design
l. Support equipment
14.2. SAFETY DESIGN REQUIREMENTS.
14.2.1 Verify that a systematic process is employed that provides for hazard identification, hazard control
requirement generation and implementation, and residual risk assessment.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-882D: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P9 2.4.1, 2.4.2
4.4, 4.5, Appendix A Reference: Def-Stan 00-56
STANAG Nil
Reference:
27, 29
14.2.2 Verify that the design is free from unacceptable mishap risk.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-882D: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P9 2.4.1, 2.4.2
4.4, 4.5, 4.6, Appendix C; Reference: Def-Stan 00-56
Appendix A, A.4.3.3.1.1 shows STANAG Nil
unacceptable conditions; Table
A-IV shows mishap risk Reference:
categories & acceptance levels
27, 29
14.2.3 Verify that no single-point failure unacceptably affects the safety of the system.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-882D: 4.1, 4.2, 4.3, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 1.1.13, 3.7.10,
4.4, 4.5, 4.6, Appendix C; Reference: 4.11.60, 4.12.12, 4.15.26,
Appendix A identifies severity 6.1.28, 6.6.2
levels 00-970 P7 L100 9.1.1
00-970 P7 L204 4.3
00-970 P7 L306 3.3

00-970 P7 L307 3.2.2
00-970 P7 L310 2.2.3
00-970 P9 2.12.6, 3.4.6
Def-Stan 00-56
STANAG 4671.933
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: system EASA CS CS 23.629
safety sections of Parts 23, 25, Reference: CS 25.629(d)
27, 29 CS 23.933
CS 25.933(a)
CS 25.971(c)
SAE ARP 4761
Comments: No equivalent paras CS 27.629, 29.629, 27.933, 29.933, 23.971, 27.971and 29.971.
There are many requirements in single point failures in specific systems but no global
requirement on single point failures.
Def-Stan 00.56 covers Safety Management Requirements for defence systems.
14.2.4 Verify that the design adequately protects the power sources, controls, and critical components of
redundant subsystems.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-882D: 4, Appendix A Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P9 2.12.6
Reference: Def-Stan 00-56
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: system EASA CS CS 25.1707(k)
safety sections of Parts 23, 25, Reference: SAE ARP 4761
27, 29
Comments: No equivalent paras 23.1707, 27.1707 or 29.1707.
14.2.5 Verify that all aspects of human factors are addressed and unacceptable human factors safety
issues/risks are resolved in the design process.

Comm'l Doc:
MIL-STD-1472 gives the Reference: 00-970 P9 5.3.6, 5.3.12
human-factor design Def-Stan 00-56
requirements STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: system EASA CS CS25.783(d)(8)
safety sections of Parts 23, 25, Reference: AMC 25.1155 4(c)
27, 29 SAE ARP 4761

Comments: No human factors requirements mentioned in 23.783, 27.783, 29.783, 23.1155,
27.1155 or 29.1155.
CS 25 refers out to ICAO Human Factors Training Manual: DOC 9683-AN/950
DOT/FAA/CT-96/1
14.2.6 Verify that the system is produced/manufactured ensuring risk reduction of failures or hazards
potentially created by human error during the operation and support of the system.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-882D: 4, Appendix A Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 L702/1 1.2
Reference: 00-970 P9 5.3.12
Def-Stan 00-56
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: system EASA CS CS 25.783(g)
27, 29
Comments: No human error requirements mentioned in 23.783, 27.783 or 29.783
14.2.7 Verify that the system design is within acceptable risk bounds over worst-case environmental
conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-882D: 4, Appendix A Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 3.1.7, 3.1.22
MIL-STD-810 gives Reference: 00-970 P1 6.1.1, 6.2.40-6.2.61,
environmental and climatic 6.11.61-6.11.85
testing requirements 00-970 P7 L200 1.8
00-970 P7 L301 8.3
00-970 P9 2.2.1-2.2.4
Def-Stan 00-56
STANAG 4671.603(a)#
Reference: 4671.607(b)#
4671.613(c)#
4671.1309(e)#
4671.1431(a)#
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: system EASA CS CS 23.603(a)#
safety sections of Parts 23, 25, Reference: CS 23.607(b)#
27, 29 CS 23.613(c)#
CS 23.1309(e)#
CS 23.1431(a)#
CS 25.603(c)#
CS 23.607(c)#
CS 23.613(c)#
CS 23.1309(a)#

CS 25.1431(a)#
CS 25.1435(a)#
CS 27.603(c)#
CS 27.607(a)#
CS 29.603(c)#
CS 29.607(a)#
SAE ARP 4761
Comments: No environmental requirements mentioned in 23.1435, 27.613, 27.1309, 27.1431,
27.1435, 29.613, 29.1309, 29.1431 or 29.1435.
14.2.8 Verify that personnel exposure to hazards during the installation process, including hazards due to
locations of systems in the air vehicle, are at an acceptable risk level.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 6.1.21
00-970 P7 L203 8.2.1
00-970 P9 2.10.7
Def-Stan 00-56
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: system EASA CS CS M25.3(c)
27, 29
14.2.9 Verify that the system design isolates hazardous substances, components, and operations from
other activities, areas, personnel, and incompatible material.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.23
00-970 P1 6.14.3
00-970 P7 L307 4.9.4
00-970 P7 L700 4.1.10
00-970 P7 L702 12.7
00-970 P9 3.1.5(b), 3.5.7
Def-Stan 00-56
STANAG 4671.1121(a)
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: system EASA CS CS 23.851(c)

safety sections of Parts 23, 25, Reference: CS 23.967(d)
27, 29 CS 23.1121(a)
CS 25.851(a)(8)
CS 25.967(e)
CS 25.1121(a)
SAE ARP 4761
Comments: No equivalent para 27.851 or 29.851.
No personnel hazard requirements in 27.967, 27.1121, 29.967 or 29.1121.
14.2.10 Verify that a system safety change analysis is accomplished on changed or modified equipment
or software.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Reference sections 14.3.3, Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
15.3.3.2, 15.3.3.3 of this Reference:
document STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
14.3. SOFTWARE SAFETY PROGRAM.
Note: Software safety is additionally verified through Section 15.3
14.3.1 Verify that a comprehensive software safety program is integrated into the overall system safety
program.

Comm'l Doc: DO-178B to establish software
integrity levels for commercial
aircraft
DoD/MIL Doc: Joint Software System Safety Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.2.63
Committee, “Software System Reference: 00-970 P9 2.4.2
Safety STANAG Nil
Handbook: A Technical &
Reference:
Managerial Team Approach,”
Dec 1999
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: system EASA CS Nil
27, 29
Comments: 00-970 P13 1.7 refers out to 00-56 and DO-178B for guidance on Safety Related
Software
CS-25 refers out to ED-12() / RTCA 178()
14.3.2 Verify the software safety program requires that appropriate software safety-related analyses be
performed as part of the software development process.
a. Software safety analyses preparation
b. Software safety requirements analysis

Comm'l Doc:
Committee, “Software System Reference: 00-970 P9 2.4.2
Safety STANAG
Handbook: A Technical & Nil
Reference:
Dec 1999

27, 29
Software
14.3.3 Verify that the design/modification software is evaluated to ensure controlled or monitored
functions do not initiate hazardous events or mishaps in either the on or off (powered) state

Comm'l Doc: DO-178B defines software
integrity levels for safety critical
functions
Committee, “Software System Reference:
Safety STANAG Nil
Handbook: A Technical &
Reference:
Dec 1999
27, 29
Software
SECTION 15 - COMPUTER RESOURCES

1. Computer resources utilization
2. Design review/audits/meeting minutes and action items
3. Software requirements specifications (SRS)
4. Software top-level design documents (STLDD)
5. Software development plans (SDP) and/or software development integrity master
plans (SDIMP)
6. Software test plans, procedures, and reports
7. Quality assurance and configuration management plans
8. Master test planning documents and scheduling
9. Software regression testing criteria/procedures (all levels)
10. Software development folders
11. Failure modes, effects, and criticality analysis and testing (FMECA/FMET) or
equivalent
12. Hazard analyses (software)
13. Test reports
14, Diminishing manufacturing sources plan

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: In addition to VCMS systems, Def-Stan 00-970
JSSG-2008 provides useful Reference:
guidance for all airborne STANAG
computer resources involved in
Reference:
safety critical processing.
Consequently in reading the
reference information
contained in JSSG-2008 it may
be useful to interpret VCMS to
mean any aircraft system
involved in safety critical
processing.
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
15.1. AIR VEHICLE PROCESSING ARCHITECTURE.
15.1.1 Verify that the flight-essential configurations are identified and proper levels of redundancy
(hardware and software) exist at the system level to preclude loss of critical processing capabilities.

Comm'l Doc: RTCA DO-178B, RTCA DO-
254

DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.12, 3.3.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P13 1.7
JSSG-2008 Appendix A: 3.1.7, Reference:
3.1.12, 3.3.1 for further STANAG 4671.1309
guidance concerning Reference:
redundancy, system and
processing architectures
MIL-STD 882D, sections 4.2,
4.7, 4.8 for further guidance
concerning identification,
review and tracking of safety
hazards to establish program
safety definitions
JSSG-2008 Appendix A:
3.1.2.1 for establishing safety
criticality along with CNS/ATM
safety performance references
in the ESC developed Generic
Performance Matrices (10E-5
to 10E-7 hazard rates
depending on flight phase)
FAA Doc: AC 20-115B EASA CS 23.1309
Reference: 25.1309
27.1309
29.1309
Software.
00-970 also states in Part 0, Section 4 "Any items for installation on aircraft shall be
qualified and/or certified in accordance with a process such as DEF-STAN 05-123 or
an equivalent procedure agreed within the project requirements."
15.1.2 Verify that all processing elements of the architecture that interface (physically and functionally)
with SOF functions are designed to meet SOF requirements.

Comm'l Doc: RTCA DO-178B
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.3 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P13 1.7
JSSG-2008 Appendix A: 3.3 Reference:
Requirement Guidance and STANAG 4671.1309
Lessons Learned for additional Reference:
information concerning
processing element selection.
3.1.7.3, 3.1.8, 3.1.11, 3.14.4
and 3.2.2.6 provide guidance
for integrating safety critical
VCMS systems with non-safety
critical processing elements

Reference: 25.1309
27.1309
29.1309
Software.
15.1.3 Verify that all hardware and software safety/flight-critical items are identified and their safety critical
functions are allocated to components within the architecture.

DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.1.16 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P13 1.7
MIL-STD-882D Appendix A: Reference:
A.4.4.2 establishes hardware STANAG 4671.1309
and software analysis in the Reference:
hazard identification process
Reference: 25.1309
27.1309
29.1309
Software.
15.1.4 Verify that SOF hardware and software interfaces are clearly defined and documented and that
control flow and information flow are established.

3.1.7.1 provides guidance for STANAG 4671.1309
identifying subsystem Reference:
interfaces and ensuring
sufficient data communication
timing margins. Paragraph
3.5.7 discusses the application
of integrity processes in the

design of system interfaces
from both the hardware and
software standpoint
Reference: 25.1309
27.1309
29.1309
Software.
15.1.5 Verify that redundancy (hardware and software) is incorporated to satisfy fault tolerant SOF
requirements, including probability of loss of control (PLOC) and reliability numbers.

Paragraph 3.3.1 provides STANAG 4671.1309
guidance for fault tolerant Reference:
processing including fault
detection and redundancy;
3.1.2, 3.1.7 and 3.1.5.7 provide
guidance for allocating
quantitative safety
requirements to subsystem
level in the context of VCMS
and mission avionics allowing
for variability factors; 3.1.9
gives guidance on establishing
redundancy levels based on
control criticality; 3.1.11+ and
3.1.12+ provide detailed
guidance on the establishment
of proper levels of redundancy
Reference: 25.1309
27.1309
29.1309
Software.

15.1.6 Verify that separate and independent power sources are provided for redundant operations.

3.2.2.2.5, 3.3 Reference:
JSSG-2008 Appendix A: STANAG 4671.1309
3.2.2.2.2 and 3.2.2.2.5 give Reference:
extensive guidance on aircraft
power system support to safety
critical equipment
Reference: 25.1310
29.1309
Software.
No equivalent 27.1309
15.1.7 Verify that single component failure does not impede redundant operations.

JSSG-2008 Appendix A: 3.3.1 Reference:
provides processing STANAG 4671.1309
architecture design strategies Reference:
to mitigate component failures;
3.1.9 contains single point
failure guidance regarding in-
flight hazards and redundancy;
3.1.11.1 addresses safe
operation in the case of
multiple failures
Reference: 25.1309
27.1309
29.1309
Software.
15.1.8 Verify that physical and functional separation between safety/flight critical and mission critical is
accounted for in the computer system architecture.

RTCA DO-254
3.1.7.1 provides for basic STANAG Nil
partitioning of the architecture Reference:
(hardware and software);
3.1.7.2 gives guidance
regarding "system
arrangement" (architecture
design); 3.1.7.3 directly
addresses isolation of less
critical elements to prevent
their failure from impacting
critical functions
FAA Doc: AC 20-115B EASA CS Nil
Reference:
Software.
15.1.9 Verify that no patches (object code changes not resulting from compilation of source code
changes) exist for flight-critical software.

DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.3.7 contains Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P13 1.7
guidance on Software Change Reference:
Control STANAG Nil
Reference:
Functional design integration of Reference:
processing elements.
Software.

15.2. FUNCTIONAL DESIGN INTEGRATION OF PROCESSING ELEMENTS.
15.2.1 Verify that all parameters passed among SOF processing elements are defined and that
unnecessary coupling is avoided.

3.3.6+ and 3.1.14.6 address STANAG Nil
software structure, partitioning Reference:
and CSCI integration; 3.1.5.1
gives guidance on data latency
issues; 3.1.7 gives overall
architecture design guidance
along with specific data latency
discussions in Lessons
Learned subparagraph l
Reference:
Software.
15.2.2 Verify that level of autonomy achieved by the flight-essential elements is sufficient to preclude loss
of flight-critical functions due to failure in mission- or maintenance-related elements.

RTCA DO-254
contains guidance addressing STANAG Nil
redundant data path Reference:
management, data validity and
reasonableness; 3.1.7.3 and
3.1.8 provide guidance for
interfacing between safety and
non-safety critical subsystems

Reference:
Software.
15.2.3 Verify that a controlled methodology is established and applied to integrate all safety-critical
elements of the processing architecture, including verification coverage.

Comm'l Doc: RTCA DO 178B
DoD/MIL Doc: J Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P13 1.7
S Reference:
S STANAG
G Nil
- Reference:
2
0
0
8
:
3
.
3
.
1
JSSG-2008 Appendix A: 4.3

addresses processing element
verification and 3.3.1
addresses integration;
4.1.14.4, 4.2.2.2 and 4.5.7
specify a build up approach in
verification and testing
Reference:
Software.
15.3. SUBSYSTEM/PROCESSING ELEMENT.
15.3.1. Electronics.
15.3.1.1 Verify that all computer resources hardware components are safe and SOF elements have
redundant buses that are physically separated.

and 3.4.5 cover components STANAG 4671.1431
and parts pedigree , Reference:
3.1.11.11.2 addresses integrity
of signal transmission
FAA Doc: AC 20-115B EASA CS CS 23.1431
CS 29.1431
Software
No equivalent CS 27.1431
15.3.1.2 Verify that all safety/flight-critical electronic components are physically and functionally separated
from non-safety-critical items. (This includes items such as processors, memory, internal/external buses,
input/output (I/O) management, internal/external power supplies, circuit cards, motherboards, etc.) If not
separated, verify that non-safety-critical elements are treated as safety-critical items.

lessons learned addresses STANAG 4671.1431
systems partitioning; 3.1.7.3 Reference:
addresses isolation of less
critical elements to prevent
their failure from impacting
critical functions
FAA Doc: AC 20-115B EASA CS CS 23.1431
CS 29.1431
Software
No equivalent CS 27.1431
15.3.2. Architecture mechanization.

15.3.2.1 Verify that the executive/control structure execution rates are sufficient and consistently
obtainable for SOF requirements given the control structure, priority assignments, and interrupts.

JSSG-2008: 3.3.4 Reference:
JSSG-2001: 3.3.3.1 provides STANAG Nil
guidance for establishing Reference:
adequate computer hardware
reserve capacity
JSSG-2008 Appendix A: 3.3.1
establishes timing and control
allocations based on
operational requirements; 3.3.4
addresses synchronization,
deterministic execution and
frame rate issues
Reference:
Software
15.3.2.2 Verify that the software design, timing, control flow, interrupt structure, and data structures meet
the required processing capabilities of the SOF subsystem/system real-time architecture.

DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.3.3.1, JSSG- Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P13 1.7
2008: 3.3 Reference:
JSSG-2001: 3.3.3.1 provides STANAG Nil
guidance for establishing Reference:
adequate computer hardware
reserve capacity
JSSG-2008 Appendix A: 3.3.4
addresses synchronization,
deterministic execution and
frame rate issues; 3.1.7 gives
overall architecture design
guidance along with specific
data latency discussions in
Lessons Learned
subparagraph l; 3.1.5.1 gives
guidance on data latency
issues
Reference:

Software
15.3.2.3 Verify that all mode inputs, failure detection techniques, failure management, redundancy
management, self-checks, and interfaces operate safely under all dynamic conditions.

lessons learned provides STANAG Nil
guidance regarding fault Reference:
management and systems
partitioning; 3.3.2 provides
guidance regarding failure
propagation and redundancy;
3.1.4 addresses survivability;
3.1.5.2 addresses mode
transitions; 3.1.5.7 addresses
sensitivity analysis; 3.1.7.2
discusses overall system
arrangement issues impacting
invulnerability and failure
immunity
Reference:
Software
15.3.2.4 Verify that embedded SOF software provides acceptable performance and safety.

Comm'l Doc: IEEE STD 12207 provides
industry best practice software
development guidance.
RTCA DO-178B
JSSG-2008: 3.1.14.6, 3.2.4.6, Reference:
3.3.6+ and 3.3.7+ provide STANAG Nil
guidance regarding software Reference:
design and development for
safety critical systems
ASC Engineering Technical
Guide version 1.1 dated 11
October 2002 established an
integrity program for software
development

Reference:
Software
15.3.2.5 Verify that the SOF software design has the necessary interrupt, reinitialization,
resynchronization, recheck, and reconfiguration provisions to restart or reset safely and quickly in flight.

DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.3 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P13 1.7
3.1.12.1 discusses redundancy STANAG Nil
management support for Reference:
restart; 3.2.4.6 addresses
software support for failure
recovery; 3.1.17 provides
guidance regarding failure
propagation of computational
failures; 3.3.2.2 discusses
microprocessor timing and
synchronization; 3.3.4 details
issues surrounding
synchronization rates; 4.1.13.2
provides lessons learned in
verification of in-flight
monitoring capability
Reference:
Software
15.3.2.6 Verify that the method of SOF software loading and verification is safe and carefully managed.
(This includes the software operational flight program (OFP) loaded on individual black boxes or the air
vehicle-loadable OFP.)

gives guidance for single point STANAG Nil
OFP load and verification; Reference:
3.3.7 addresses software
change control; 3.3.8
addresses software
certification of hardware
compatibility; 3.1.14.6
discusses system
invulnerability to software

errors
Reference:
Software
15.3.2.7 Verify that the SOF software design has adequate self-check, failure monitoring, redundancy
management, reconfiguration, voting, transient suppression, overflow protection, anti-aliasing, saturation
interlock, memory protection, and techniques for preventing failure propagation to preclude SOF issues.

3.1.11.9, 3.1.13, 3.1.17 and STANAG Nil
3.3.2.1 provide guidance for Reference:
integrity and BIT checks often
implemented in software;
3.1.12.1 gives detailed
guidance for redundancy
management; 3.3.6.2 provides
guidance for robust integrated
CSCI design
Reference:
Software
15.3.2.8 Verify that there is sufficient throughput margin for both input/output and processor capabilities
(including memory) under worst-case mode performance scenarios for both average and peak worst-case
loading conditions.

JSSG-2008 Appendix A: 3.3.5 Reference: 00-970 P7 L727/1
contains guidance regarding STANAG Nil
reserve capacity; 3.1.14.6 Reference:
contains guidance for worst
case throughput and I/O spare;
3.5.7 establishes performance
parameters for spare capacity
and margin
Reference:
Software
15.3.2.9 Verify that a controlled methodology is established and applied to integrate all functional
elements of a highly coupled, integrated OFP.

addresses breaking down STANAG Nil
complex software into Reference:
manageable CSCIs; 3.2.2.2
discusses subsystem
integration; 4.3 discusses
verification of integrated
processing capabilities; 3.3.1
provides guidance for
integrated architecture design
Reference:
Software
15.3.3. Processing architecture verification for SOF items.

15.3.3.1 Verify the operation of BIT and redundancy/failure management algorithms.

DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2008: 3.3.6.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.2.33
3.3.6.2 establishes guidance STANAG Nil
for CSCI failure detection and Reference:
execution of BIT; 3.1.13
(Requirement Guidance a. 2.)
defines types of BIT and a list
of typical items tested; 3.1.12
addresses redundancy
management
Reference:
Software
15.3.3.2 Verify that critical hardware/software discrepancies are identified and corrected or mitigated.


provides guidance under STANAG Nil
lessons learned for tracking Reference:
and mitigating software
discrepancies
Reference:
Software
15.3.3.3 Verify that adequate configuration management controls are in place to ensure proper/
functionally compatible software loading for the intended use on the air vehicle.

provides guidance regarding STANAG
OFP version control and Reference:
integrity
Reference:
Software
15.3.3.4 Verify that all data or communications are secure against unwanted intrusions and that security
techniques used are implemented safely.

3.1.14.6.i and 4.1.14.6.d STANAG Nil
guidance addresses analysis, Reference:
allocation and verification of
security requirements; 3.3.4
directly addresses
unauthorized modification and
tampering with components;
3.3.7 establishes a place for
traceable security
requirements
AFPam 63-1701 provides
guidance for implementation of
Systems Security Engineering
Reference:
Software
SECTION 16 - MAINTENANCE
1. Maintenance manuals/checklists (equivalent or supplement to -2 T.O.'s)
2. Inspection requirements (equivalent or supplement to -6 T.O.'s)
3. Life-limited/time replacement plan/list
4. Subsystem hazard analysis (SSHA)
6. Maintenance records (including failure report and corrective action system (FRACAS))
7. Air Force Regulation (AFR) 8-2, T.O. 00-5-1
8. Test reports
9. Test plans
CERTIFICATION CRITIERIA
16.1. MAINTENANCE MANUALS/CHECKLISTS.
16.1.1 Verify that servicing instructions are provided for all systems that require servicing; for example,
fuel, engine oil, hydraulic systems, landing gear struts, tires, oxygen, escape system, etc.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2001: 3.1.5 Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.2
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.25#
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.26#
STANAG 3294
4671 1529
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 23.1501, EASA CS CS H25.3(a)(4)

23.1529, 25.1501, 25.1503- Reference: CS H25.3(b)
25.1533, 25.1529, 25.1541, CS 23.1501
25.1543, 25.1557, 25.1563
CS 25.1507 *
14CFR reference Part 23,
CS 25.1511 *
Appendix G and Part 25,
CS 25.1513 *
Appendix H, Instructions for
CS 25.1515 *
Continued Airworthiness
CS 25.1516 *
CS 25.1517 *
CS 25.1519 *
CS 25.1521 *
CS 25.1523 *
CS 25.1525 *
CS 25.1527 *
CS 25.1529
CS 25.1533
CS 25.1541 *

CS 25.1543 *
CS 25.1557 *
CS 25.1563 *
CS 27.1501
CS 27.1529
CS 29.1501
CS 29.1529
Supporting information within CS 23 Appendix G, CS 25 Appendix H, CS 27 & CS 29

Appendix A
# means a judgement call on the applicability of the cross-refence is required - As

DEF-STAN relevant information here is provided within guidance information
16.1.2 Verify that cautions and warnings are included in maintenance manuals, aircrew checklists, and
ground crew checklists.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: J Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.26
S Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4.15.33
S 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4.19.59
G
STANAG 3294
-
2 Reference: 3109
0 3370
0 4671 1541
0
4671 1543
:
4671 1557
3
.
6
.
1
,
3
.
6
.
2
JSSG-2001: 3.1.5
FAA Doc: 23.1501, 23.1529, 25.1501, EASA CS CS 23.1501
25.1503-25.1533, 25.1529, Reference: CS 23.1529
25.1541, 25.1543, 25.1557, CS 25.1501
25.1563
CS 25.1503 *
CS 25.1505 *
CS 25.1507 *
CS 25.1511 *

CS 25.1513 *
CS 25.1515 *
CS 25.1516 *
CS 25.1517 *
CS 25.1519 *
CS 25.1521 *
CS 25.1523 *
CS 25.1525 *
CS 25.1527 *
CS 25.1529
CS 25.1541 *
CS 25.1543 *
CS 25.1557 *
CS 25.1563 *
CS 27.1501
CS 27.1529
CS 29.1501
CS 29.1529
Comments: CS 23.1501 and 25.1501 refer out to CS 23.1541-23.1587 and 25.1541-25.1587.
CS 23.1529 and 25.1529 cover instructions for continued airworthiness.
CS 25.1541 only covers markings not manuals.
16.1.3 Verify that maintenance checklists are available for critical maintenance tasks, such as fuel and
oxygen serving procedures, towing procedures and restrictions, jacking procedures, engine operation
during maintenance, lifting procedures, integrated combat turn procedures, etc.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2000: 3.6.1, 3.6.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.10
JSSG-2001: 3.1.5 Reference:
STANAG 4671.1501#
Reference: 4671 1529#
FAA Doc: 23.1501, 23.1529, 25.1501, EASA CS CS H25(b)(4)
25.1503-25.1533, 25.1529, Reference: CS 25.1507 *
25.1541, 25.1543, 25.1557, CS 25.1511 *
25.1563
CS 25.1513 *
CS 25.1515 *
CS 25.1516 *
CS 25.1517 *
CS 25.1519 *
CS 25.1521 *
CS 25.1523 *
CS 25.1525 *

CS 25.1527 *
CS 25.1529 #
CS 25.1533 *
CS 25.1541 *
CS 25.1543 *
CS 25.1557 *
CS 25.1563 *
CS 27.1501 #
CS 27.1529 #
CS 29.1501 #
CS 29.1529 #
Appendix G of CS-23
Appendix H of CS-25
Appendix A of CS-27
Appendix A of CS-29
Comments: Further Information available within Appendix G of STANAG 4671.
Further Information available within Appendix G of CS-23
Further Information available within Appendix H of CS-25
Further Information available within Appendix A of CS-27

information relates to operational notification and not maintenance checklists

information describes operating information
No relevant DEF-STAN information found in relation this criteria
16.1.4 Verify that support equipment does not adversely affect the safety of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.10#
STANAG 4671 635
4671.1501

FAA Doc: 23.1501, 23.1529, 25.1501, EASA CS CS 25.1507 *

25.1503-25.1533, 25.1529, Reference: CS 25.1511 *
25.1541, 25.1543, 25.1557, CS 25.1513 *
25.1563
CS 25.1515 *
CS 25.1516 *
CS 25.1517 *
CS 25.1519 *
CS 25.1521 *
CS 25.1523 *
CS 25.1525 *
CS 25.1527 *
CS 25.1529 #
CS 25.1533 *
CS 25.1541 *
CS 25.1543 *
CS 25.1557 *
CS 25.1563 *
CS 27.1501 #
CS 27.1529 #
CS 29.1501 #
CS 29.1529 #
Appendix G of CS-23
Appendix H of CS-25
Appendix A of CS-27
Appendix A of CS-29
Comments: 516B is arguably clutching at straws giving the named civilian references.
Further Information available within Appendix G of STANAG 4671.

no specific relation to support equipment


information describes generic operating information limitations, not the support
equipment.
16.1.5 Verify that maintenance manuals incorporate procedures for system/component removal.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: J Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.3
S Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.26
S 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.29
G
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.38
-
2 STANAG 3294
0 Reference: 4671 1529
0
0
:
3
.
6
.
1
,
3
.
6
.
2
JSSG-2001: 3.1.5
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference Part 23, EASA CS CS H25.3(b)(3)
Appendix G and 14CFR Reference: CS 23.1529
reference Part 25, Appendix H CS 25.1529
CS 27.1529
CS 29.1529
Appendix G of CS-23
Appendix H of CS-25
Appendix A of CS-27
Appendix A of CS-29

16.1.6 Verify that maintenance manuals require system operational testing for normal/emergency system
operation when systems are affected by removal/replacement of components.

Comm'l Doc:
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.26
00-970 P1 4.4.38
STANAG 3294
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference Part 23 EASA CS CS H25.3(b)(4)

CS 27.1529
CS 29.1529
Appendix G of CS-23
Appendix H of CS-25
Appendix A of CS-27
Appendix A of CS-29
16.1.7 Verify that maintenance manuals provide adequate troubleshooting procedures to correct
expected system/component failures.

Comm'l Doc:
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.7
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.29

00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.30
STANAG 2445
4671 1529
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference Part 23, EASA CS CS H25.3(b)(2)

CS 25.1501
CS 25.1529
CS 27.1501
CS 27.1529
CS 29.1501
CS 29.1529
Appendix G of CS-23
Appendix H of CS-25
Appendix A of CS-27
Appendix A of CS-29
16.2. INSPECTION REQUIREMENTS.
16.2.1 Verify that ground crew work cards for pre-flight inspection are coordinated with the aircrew
checklists.

Comm'l Doc:
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.4
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.29
00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.30
STANAG 2445

4671 1529
FAA Doc: 23.1501, 23.1529 EASA CS CS 23.1501

CS 25.1501
CS 25.1529
CS 27.1501
CS 27.1529
CS 29.1501
CS 29.1529
Appendix G of CS-23
Appendix H of CS-25
Appendix A of CS-27
Appendix A of CS-29
Comments: CS 23.1501 refers out to CS 23.1541-23.1589.
CS 23.1529 covers instructions for continued airworthiness.
16.2.2 Verify that special inspection procedures are available for unusual or specified conditions, such as
a. Exceeding operating limits
b. Severe vibration
c. Engine stall
d. Foreign object damage to engine or structure
e. Excessive loss of oil
f. Conditions requiring oil sampling and analysis
g. Severe braking action, hard landing, and running off runway
h. Air vehicle subject to excessive "g" loads or manoeuvres outside the specified flight envelope
i. Lost tools
j. Emergency procedures implemented
k. Dropped objects or parts

Comm'l Doc:

DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-PRF-5096: 3.2.2.3.1 gives Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.4.29
guidance regarding special Reference: 00-970 Part 1 Sec 4 4.4.30
inspections after a specific STANAG
occurrence. 2445
JSSG-2000: 3.6.1, 3.6.2 4671 1529
JSSG-2001: 3.1.5
FAA Doc: 23.1501, 23.1529 EASA CS CS 23.1501

CS 25.1501
CS 25.1529
CS 27.1501
CS 27.1529
CS 29.1501
CS 29.1529
Appendix G of CS-23
Appendix H of CS-25
Appendix A of CS-27
Appendix A of CS-29
16.2.3 Verify that life-limited items and replacement intervals are identified using relevant operational
data.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2001: 3.1.5 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.4.38
MIL-PRF-5096: 3.2.2.4 gives STANAG 4671 1501
guidance regarding flying time Reference: 4671 1529
related or time change items
FAA Doc: 23.1501, 23.1529 EASA CS CS 23.1501
CS 23.1529

CS 25.1529
CS 27.1501
CS 27.1529
CS 29.1501
CS 29.1529
Appendix G of CS-23
Appendix H of CS-25
Appendix A of CS-27
Appendix A of CS-29
16.2.4 Verify that all required inspection intervals are identified using relevant operational data.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2001: 3.1.5 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.4.29
MIL-PRF-5096: 3.2.1.1.1 gives 00-970 P14.4.30
guidance regarding frequency STANAG 4671 1501
of maintenance items Reference: 4671 1529
FAA Doc: 23.1501, 23.1529 EASA CS CS 23.1501
CS 25.1501
CS 25.1529
CS 27.1501
CS 27.1529
CS 29.1501
CS 29.1529
Appendix G of CS-23

Appendix H of CS-25
Appendix A of CS-27
Appendix A of CS-29

SECTION 17 - ARMAMENT/STORES INTEGRATION

A store is any device intended for internal or external carriage, mounted on air vehicle suspension and
release equipment, which may or may not be intended to be for in-flight separation from the air vehicle.
Stores include missiles, rockets, bombs, nuclear weapons, mines, fuel and spray tanks (permanently
attached and/or detachable), torpedoes, sonobuoys, dispensers, pods (refuelling, thrust augmentation,
gun, electronic countermeasures, etc.), targets, decoys, chaff and flares, and suspension equipment.

1. User requirements and design requirements and validation results
4. Component and functional level SOF, qualification and certification tests
6. Plume ingestion/propulsion compatibility tests and plume/gun gas impingement test.
8. Hazard analysis and classification including explosive atmosphere analysis/test
10. Computational, theoretical and/or semi-empirical prediction methods
11. Configuration: aerodynamic design and component location
12. Wind tunnel test results and correction methods
13. Mathematical representation of system dynamics
14. Loads analysis, wind tunnel and flight test results
15. Flutter, mechanical stability, aeroelastic, aeroservoelastic and modal analyses, wind
tunnel and flight test results
16. Performance analysis
17. Environmental compatibility analysis and tests including gun fire vibration
analysis/test
18. Interface control documents
19. Store separation models, wind tunnel and flight test results
20. Flight manual
21. Flight test plan and test results
22. MIL-HDBK-1763, Aircraft/Stores Compatibility: Systems Engineering Data
Requirements and Test Procedures
23. MIL-HDBK-244, Guide to Aircraft/Stores Compatibility
24. MIL-STD-1760, Aircraft/Store Electrical Interconnection System
25. MIL-A-8591, Airborne Stores, Suspension Equipment and Aircraft-Store Interface
(Carriage Phase); General Design Criteria for
26. SEEK EAGLE engineering data
27. American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (ANSI Z136.1)
28. Nuclear Certification Impact Statement (NCIS)
29. Aircraft monitor and control (AMAC) and surveillance tests
30. Nuclear safety analysis report (NSAR)
31. Mechanical compatibility data
32. Electrical compatibility data
33. Certification requirements plan (CRP)
34. Operational flight program (OFP) source code
35. Systems integration lab data/results
36. Cooling analysis and ground/flight test results
37. MIL-STD-1530 Aircraft Structural Integrity Program

38. ASC/EN Stores Integration practice
39. Human factors to consider
40. Crew egress paths to consider
41. Aircraft weight and balance
43. Store drawings including store mass properties (STAMP sheet)
44. Safety assessment report
45. Airworthiness qualification plan (AQP) (Army unique)
46. Airworthiness qualification specification (AQS) (Army unique)
17.1. GUN/ROCKET INTEGRATION AND INTERFACE.
17.1.1 Verify that environment induced by gun/rocket operation is compatible with the air vehicle's
limitations for muzzle blast and overpressure, recoil, vibroacoustics, cooling, egress, human factors, and
loads of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-244A: 5.1.9.1, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.3.1
5.1.9.2, 5.1.9.2.4, 5.1.10 Reference: 00-970 P1 9.3.7
inclusive 00-970 P1 9.2.34
00-970 P7 L709
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS N/A
Reference:
Comments: 00-970 P7 L709 covers gun only.
Section covers armaments so not covered by civilian EASA CS.
17.1.2 Verify that gun/rocket gases and plume do not create SOF hazards for the air vehicle, air and
ground crew.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 9.2.18
00-970 P1 9.3.7
00-970 P1 S9 L5 5.1
00-970 P1 S9 L10
00-970 P7 L100 4.1.2
00-970 P7 L709
00-970 P9 UKU587c
00-970 P11 4.5
STANAG Nil
Reference:

Reference:
17.1.3 Verify that gun/rocket gas impingement does not cause unacceptable erosion of air vehicle
structure/skin.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 9.3.7
00-970 P7 L709
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
17.1.4 Verify that the gun/rocket gas ventilation/purge system prevents accumulation of explosive gas
mixture.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 9.3.7
00-970 P1 L6 5.1
00-970 P1 S9 L9
00-970 P7 L709
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
17.2. STORES INTEGRATION.
17.2.1 Verify that the stores/air vehicle interface does not create unsafe conditions during ground and
flight operations and that no unsafe environment is created for maintenance personnel.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 9.2.6
00-970 P1 9.2.8
00-970 P1 9.2.9
00-970 P1 9.2.17
00-970 P1 9.2.18
00-970 P1 9.2.19
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
Comments: Section covers armaments so not covered by civilian EASA CS.
17.2.2 Verify that the stores separate safely from the air vehicle throughout the air vehicle/store launch or
jettison flight envelope.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 9.1.4
00-970 P1 9.2.1
00-970 P1 9.2.11
00-970 P1 9.2.16
00-970 P7 L710 5.2
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
17.2.3 Verify that the store or suspension and release equipment and air vehicle are structurally capable
of operating safely in the air vehicle/store carriage flight envelope.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-1763 Test 131 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 L710 3.1
Aircraft Stores Suspension Reference:
Equipment Structural Integrity STANAG
Ground Test Nil
Reference:
Reference:
17.2.4 Verify that electrical interfaces do not cause unsafe stores operation or interactions with the air
vehicle for all required store configurations.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 9.2.4
00-970 P1 9.2.22
00-970 P9 UK1351c
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
17.2.5 Verify that the environment induced by the stores on the air vehicle, and by the air vehicle on the
store during carriage and launch/separation/jettison for the cleared usage, does not adversely affect SOF
of the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: EASA CS
Reference:
17.2.6 Verify that the stores operations do not adversely affect any safety aspect of the flight control of
the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 2.7.8
00-970 P1 2.9.7
00-970 P1 2.13.7
00-970 P1 2.14.9
00-970 P1 2.16.12
00-970 P1 2.20.11
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
17.2.7 Verify that all stores configurations for the air vehicle are documented in the flight manuals.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
17.2.8 Verify that malfunctioning stores can be turned off or released if required to protect the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-1760 for the Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.2.1
electrical/logical interface. Reference: 00-970 P1 9.2.8
MIL-STD-27733, Modification 00-970 P7 L100 16
to Aerospace Vehicles STANAG Nil
MIL-HDBK-244, Modification Reference:
and Marking Requirements for
Test Equipment in Aerospace
Vehicles and Related Support
Equipment
Reference:
17.3. LASER INTEGRATION AND INTERFACE.
17.3.1 Verify that the crew and maintenance personnel are not exposed to laser radiation (direct and
reflected) in excess of maximum permissible exposure limits in order to ensure safe conditions.

Comm'l Doc: ANSI Z 136.1, Safe Use of
Lasers, for the safety design
requirements of laser systems.
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-1425 for the safety Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.11.4
design requirements of laser Reference: 00-970 P1 9.11.5
systems. 00-970 P1 9.11.26
AR-11-9, “The Army Radiation
00-970 P1 9.11.27
Safety Program”
00-970 P1 9.11.30
AFOSH STD 48-139, Laser
00-970 P7 L717
Radiation Protection Program
00-970 P9 UK601d
RCC 316-98, Laser Range
STANAG 4671.1829
Safety
Reference:

FAA Doc: 21CFR Part 1040, EASA CS N/A
Performance Standards For Reference:
Light-Emitting Products
Comments: Not airworthiness as not in the air.
00-970 P9 UK601d refers out to 00-920 P1 S9 9.11.
Refer to JSP 390 - MoD Laser Safety and IEC-60825.
17.3.2 Verify that the induced environment resulting from laser operation is compatible with the air
vehicle's limitations for vibroacoustics, thermal loads, and structural loads of the air vehicle.

requirements of laser systems
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-1425 for the safety Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.11.26
design requirements of laser Reference: 00-970 P1 9.11.27
systems 00-970 P7 L717
00-970 P9 UK601d
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Safety
Performance Standards for Reference:
Comments: 00-970 P9 UK601d refers out to 00-920 P1 S9 9.11.
17.3.3 Verify that laser chemical and exhaust gases do not create SOF hazards for the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc: ANSI Z 136.1 - Safe Use of
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-1425, for the safety Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.11
design requirements of laser Reference: 00-970 P1 S9 L27
systems 00-970 P7 L717
ANZI 136.1 for the safety
00-970P9 UK601d
design requirements of laser
STANAG Nil
systems
Reference:
Safety
Comments: 00-970 P9 UK601d refers out to 00-920 P1 S9 9.11.

17.3.4 Verify that a means is provided for the crew to determine when the laser is operating and discern
the direction of the beam.

requirements of laser systems
DoD/MIL Doc: Refer to MIL-STD-1425 for the Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
safety design requirements of Reference:
laser systems STANAG
AFOSH STD 48-139, Laser 4671.1829
Reference:
Safety
Comments: 00-970 only covers protection from laser weapons not fitted to aircraft.
17.3.5 Verify that laser operation and direction is controllable only by the crew and does not latch on
(radiating).

DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-STD-1425 for the safety Def-Stan 00-970 Nil
design requirements of laser Reference:
systems STANAG
Reference:
Safety
17.3.6 Verify that the laser beam cannot contact any part of the airframe and/or rotor system.

Comm'l Doc:

Reference:
STANAG
Reference:
Reference:
17.3.7 Verify the laser cannot inadvertently lase when the aircraft is on the ground.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671.1829
Reference:
Reference:
Comments: Not airworthiness as not in the air.
00-970 only covers protection from laser weapons not fitted to aircraft.
17.4. SAFETY INTERLOCKS.
17.4.1 Verify that appropriate safety lockout and interlocks are in place to assure that unsafe store
operation does not take place.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-HDBK-244A: 5.1.5.1 , Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 9.2.3
5.1.5.1.2 Reference: 00-970 P1 9.2.21
00-970 P1 9.2.23
00-970 P1 9.3.6
00-970 P9 L107
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
SECTION 18 - PASSENGER SAFETY

The passenger safety section addresses technical requirements in the area of passenger carrying air
vehicles as they pertain to safety. This area covers seat belts, stowage compartments, ditching,
emergency exits, emergency evacuation, seating arrangements, emergency lighting, signs, fire
extinguishers, smoke detection, lavatories, fire protection, and physiological requirements. Safety
requirements for crew stations normally used for aircrew and mission essential personnel are located in
section 9, Crew Systems.

1. Federal Aviation Regulations
2. FAA Airworthiness Directives and Advisory Circulars
3. Joint Service Specification Guide
4. Cabin/crew station layout/geometry
5. Crash survivability requirements and validation
6. Escape system requirements and validation
7. Life support system requirements and validation
8. Tech data package
18.1. SURVIVABILITY OF PASSENGERS.
18.1.1 Verify that seats with restraints are provided for each passenger that do not cause serious injury in
an emergency landing. Verify each seat/restraint system is designed to protect each occupant during an
emergency landing provided the restraints are used properly.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-7: 3.7.3.2.2 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.15.11
Reference: 00-970 P1 4.16.11
00-970 P1 4.21.2-4.21.7
00-970 P7 S1 L105 8.1
00-970 P7 S1 L111
STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.2, 23.562, 23.785, 25.562 Reference: CS 23.785*
CS 25.562*
CS 25.785*
CS 27.562*
CS 27.785*
CS 29.562*
CS 29.785*
Comments: There is no equivalent para CS 23.2.
18.1.2 Verify that each restraint system has a single-point release for passenger evacuation.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 4.21.9
00-970 P7 L111 5
STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.2, 23.562, 23.785 Reference: CS 25.785*
CS 25.789*
CS 27.785*
CS 29.785*
Comments: There is no equivalent para CS 23.2.
CS 23.562, 25.562, 27.562 and 29.562 make no mention of restraint release.
No CS 23.789, 27.789 and 29.789 equivalent paras.
18.1.3 Verify that, if stowage compartments are present, they are designed to contain the maximum
weight of its contents and the critical load conditions in an emergency landing. The contents should not
become a hazard to passengers due to shifting, such as under emergency landing conditions.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: MIL-A-8865B Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.22.44
No information available in Reference: 00-970 P1 4.22.46
current JSSG. Information to
be included in next revision of STANAG 4671.787
JSSG Reference:
25.787, 25.789, 23.787 Reference: CS 23.787*
CS 25.561*
CS 25.787*
CS 25.789*
CS 27.561*
CS 27.787*
CS 29.561*
CS 29.787*
Comments: No CS 23.789, 27.561 and 29.561equivalent paras.
18.1.4 Verify that each passenger carrying area has at least one external door that is operable from the
inside and outside, is located to avoid hazardous external areas, and is inspected to ensure it is locked in
flight.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-7: 3.7.5.3.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.20.2
Reference: 00-970 4.20.6
00-970 P7 L102 3
STANAG 4671.783
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 25.783 EASA CS CS 23.783*
CS 27.783*
CS 29.783*
Comments: * means read across from 14CFR reference.
18.1.5 Verify that exits are lockable, simple to open, and do not open in flight unless mission
requirements necessitate this function.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-7: 3.7.5.3.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.20.3-4.20.9
Reference: 00-970 P1 4.23.10
00-970 P7 3.7
00-970 P7 S1 L102 3.8.2
STANAG Nil
Reference:
25.809, 23.807, 25.813 Reference: CS 23.813*
CS 25.807*
CS 25.809*
CS 25.813*
CS 27.807*
CS 29.807*
CS 29.809*
CS 29.813*
Comments: No CS 23.809, 27.809 and 27.813 equivalent paras.
18.1.6 Verify that each non-over-wing exit higher than 6 feet off the ground has a means to assist
passengers to the ground. Provisions should exist for evacuees to be assisted to the ground from the
wing when the exit opens to the wing.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2010-13: 3.13.5 pg 67, Reference: 00-970 P7 S1 L102 2.3
68 STANAG Nil

Reference:
121.31a Reference:
Comments: Content of 00-970 P1 4.23.3 moved to P13 S1.6.
No CS 23.810, 27.810 and 29.810.
18.1.7 Verify that the weight of each passenger exit, if removable, and its means of opening, is
conspicuously marked.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-13: 3.13.5 pg 66 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.23.5
Reference: 00-970 P7 S1 L102 3.5.1
00-970 P13 1.6.11.5
00-970 P13 1.6.15.3
STANAG Nil
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR references: 25.811 EASA CS CS 23.811#
CS 29.811#
Comments: Content of 00-970 P1 4.23.5 moved to P13 S1.6.
CS 23.811, 25.811 and 29.811 only cover markings for means of opening, not weight.
No CS 27.811 equivalent para.
18.1.8 Verify that an emergency lighting system, independent of the main lighting system, provides
sufficient illumination and guidance for passenger and crew emergency evacuation, including illumination
of each exit and its exterior surrounding. Verify that energy to supply lighting allows complete egress of all
passengers and crew before diminishing.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-13: 3.13.5 pg 62, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.15.59
65 Reference: 00-970 P7 L105 15.5
MIL-PRF-85676 00-970 P7 L307 14.15.2
00-970 P7 L714 2.1.5
00-970 P13 1.6.11.5
STANAG 4671.1351

23.812, 25.1351, 25.1353, Reference: CS 23.1351
25.1355, 25.1357, 25.1363 CS 23.1353
CS 25.812
CS 25.1351

CS 25 1353
CS 25.1355
CS 25.1363
CS 27.1351
CS 27.1353
CS 27.1355
CS 29.812
CS 29.1351
CS 29.1353
Comments: CS 23.1357, 25.1357, 27.1357 and 29.1357 doesn't cover redundancy.
No CS 23.1355, 23.1363, 27.812, 27.1363 equivalent paras.
CS 29.1363 covers system tests.
No direct European equivalent to MIL-PRF-85676.
18.1.9 Verify that emergency exit signs are installed and that each seated passenger is able to recognize
at least one emergency exit sign.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-13: 3.13.5 pg 68 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.23.5
Reference: 00-970 P7 L714 2.1.5
00-970 P13 1.6.15.3
STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.812, 25.811 Reference: CS 23.812
CS 25.811
CS 25.812
CS 29.811
CS 29.812
Comments: CS 25.811 covers marking of emergency exits, but doesn't specify visibility to every
seated passenger.
CS 23.812, 25.812 and 29.812 covers marking of emergency exits, but doesn't
specify visibility to every seated passenger.
No CS 27.811 and 27.812 equivalent paras.
18.1.10 Verify that a public address system is installed that is powerable when the air vehicle is in flight or
stopped on the ground, including after the shutdown or failure of all engines and auxiliary power units.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: No information available in Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.6.6(e)
current JSSG. Information to Reference:
JSSG. Nil
Reference:
Reference:

18.1.11 Verify that the public address system is accessible for immediate use by all aircrew, is capable of
functioning independently of any required crewmember interphone system, and is intelligible at all
passenger seats, aircrew seats, and workstations.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-13: 3.13.5 pg 55 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 S6 L1
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Reference:
18.1.12 Verify that each safety equipment control to be operated in an emergency, such as controls for
automatic life raft releases, is plainly marked to show its method of operation.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-11: 3.11.7.3 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.15.25
Reference: 00-970 P1 7.4.10-7.4.13
00-970 P7 L103 5
00-970 P7 L721 4
STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.1561, 23.1415 Reference: CS 25.1561*
CS 27.1561*
CS 29.1561*
Comments: CS 23.1415, 25.1415, 27.1415 and 29.1415 don't specify marking of equipment.
18.1.13 Verify that each location, such as a locker or compartment, that carries fire extinguishing,
signalling, or other life saving equipment is marked accordingly. Verify that stowage provisions for
required emergency equipment are conspicuously marked to identify the contents and facilitate easy
removal of the equipment.

Comm'l Doc:

Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.1561, 23.1415 Reference: CS 25.1561*
CS 27.1561*
CS 29.1561*
Comments: CS 23.1415, 25.1415, 27.1415 and 29.1415 don't specify marking of equipment.
18.1.14 Verify that readily accessible individual flotation devices are provided for each occupant if the air
vehicle flies missions over water.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P7 L721
STANAG Nil
Reference:
25.1415 Reference: CS 23.1415*
CS 25.1411*
CS 25.1415*
CS 27.1411*
CS 27.1415*
CS 29.1411*
CS 29.1415*
Comments: 00-970 P7 L721 covers liferafts but not other emergency equipment.
18.1.15 Verify that the air vehicle is outfitted with equipment to deal with in-flight, ground, and ditching
emergencies.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-11 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.23
Reference: 00-970 P7 L105 20
STANAG Nil
Reference:
121.310 Reference:
Comments: No equivalent EASA doc to FAR 121.
18.2. FIRE RESISTANCE.
18.2.1 Verify, sources of ignition are located and/or designed to prevent contact with cargo.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: No information available in Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.26.58
current JSSG. Information to Reference: 00-970 P7 L712
JSSG. 4671.787
AFMAN 24-204(I) identifies Reference: 4671 850
flammability limits for
transported cargo.
25.789, 23.787 Reference: CS 25.787*
CS 27.787*
CS 29.787*
Comments: CS 25.789 covers items of mass but doesn't specify sources of ignition.
18.2.2 Verify that oxygen equipment and lines are not located in any designated fire zone; are protected
from heat that may be generated in, or escape from, any designated fire zone; are not routed with
electrical wiring; and are installed so that escaping oxygen cannot cause ignition of grease, fluid, or
vapour accumulations present in normal operation or as a result of failure or malfunction of any system.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-7: 3.7.3.4, 3.10, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.26.14
4.10 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.26.41-4.26.45
00-970 P7 L712
00-970 P13 1.4
STANAG Nil
Reference:
Comments: No CS 23.869 equivalent para.
No CS 25.1451 equivalent para.
No equivalent CS 27 and 29 paras as oxygen not applicable to helicopters.
18.3. PHYSIOLOGY REQUIREMENTS OF OCCUPANTS.
18.3.1 Verify that air vehicles flying above 10,000 feet mean sea level (MSL) are capable of providing
supplemental oxygen from the air vehicle, or from a stand-alone system, and are capable of delivering it
to each passenger.

Comm'l Doc:

DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2010-10: 3.10.1, 4.10.1 Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 6.13
Reference:
STANAG Nil
Reference:
23.1441, 23.1443, 23.1445, Reference: CS 23.1443*
25.1447, 23.1449, 23.1450, CS 23.1447*
25.1441, 25.1443, 25.1445,
CS 23.1449*
25.1449, 25.1450, 25.1453
CS 23.1450*
CS 23.1453*
CS 25.1439*
CS 25.1441*
CS 25.1443*
CS 25.1445*
CS 25.1447*
CS 25.1449*
CS 25.1450*
CS 25.1453*
Comments: Content of 00-970 P1 6.13 content moved to P13 S1.4.
No CS 23.1439 and 23.1445 equivalent paras.
No equivalent CS 27 and 29 paras as oxygen not applicable to helicopters.
18.3.2 Verify that emergency medical kit(s) capable of providing medical support for the designed mission
are installed in the air vehicle.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: No information available in Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.15.66
current JSSG. Information to Reference: 00-970 P7 L105 17
JSSG. Nil
Reference:
121.339, 121.310 Reference:
Comments: No equivalent EASA doc to FAR 121.
SECTION 19 - MATERIALS
(This section is applicable for Navy and Marine Corps aircraft only. This section is not required for Air
Force or Army aircraft. Materials criteria are addressed throughout the MIL-HDBK-516B. If section 19 is
used, the using aircraft or rotorcraft system office should tailor out the materials related criteria throughout
the rest of the document as not applicable since these criteria may be in conflict with section 19.)
Materials comprise the entire flight vehicle including air vehicle structure, air vehicle subsystems,
propulsion systems, electrical power systems, mission systems, crew systems, and armament/stores
systems.

1. Design criteria
2. Materials properties data and analysis
3. Environmental effects data and analysis
4. Galvanic compatibility data and analysis
5. Effects of defects data and analysis
6. Hazardous materials data
7. Material trade study results
8. Design of experiments results
9. Statistical process control data
10. Nondestructive inspection (NDI) criteria
11. NDI plan and records
12. NDI probability of detection data
13. Preproduction verification test data
14. First article destructive test data
15. Wear and erosion data
16. Material specifications
17. Process specifications
18. Finish specifications
19. Metallic materials properties development and standardization (MMPDS)
20. MIL-HDBK-17, Polymer Matrix Composites
21. Material safety data sheets
22. Contractor policies and procedures
23. Quality records
24. Defect/failure data
25. Fracture control plan
26. Fracture critical parts list
19.1. PROPERTIES AND PROCESSES.
19.1.1 Verify that the material property evaluations are performed using a combination of recognized and
standardized analyses, tests, inspections, and examinations.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006, Appendix Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 3.1.10

A.3.2.19, A.4.2.19 Reference: 00-970 P7 L200/1
MIL-HDBK-1587 00-970 P9 USAR 613
STANAG 4671.307
Reference: 4671.603

CS 27.307
CS 29.307
19.1.2 Verify that the material properties are certified as specification compliant and that specification
properties are represented as minimum values achievable using standardized processes.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P7 L200/1 2.2.1
00-970 P9 USAR 613
STANAG 4671.603
Reference: 4671.613
FAA Doc: MMPDS EASA CS CS 23.603*
14CFR reference: 23.603, Reference: CS 23.613*
23.613, 25.603, 25.613 CS 25.603*
CS 25.613*
CS 27.603*
CS 27.613*
CS 27.613*
ESDU 00932
Comments: DOT/FAA/AR-MMPDS-01 formally MIL-HDBK-5.
ESDU 00932 - Metallic Materials Data Handbook is a European equivalent to
MMPDS.
19.1.3 Verify that the material design allowable properties are represented as statistical values that
account for product form and size, production representative processing, manufacturing variability, effects
of defects, final assembly interfaces, environmental exposure, and repair.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: Appendix Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P9 USAR 613
A.3.2.19.1, A.4.2.19.1 Reference:
STANAG 4671.603
Reference: 4671.613
FAA Doc: MMPDS EASA CS CS 23.603*
14CFR reference: 23.603, Reference: CS 23.613*
23.613, 25.603, 25.613 CS 25.603*
CS 25.613*

CS 27.603*
CS 27.613*
CS 29.603*
CS 29.613*
ESDU 00932
Comments: DOT/FAA/AR-MMPDS-01 formally MIL-HDBK-5.
ESDU 00932 - Metallic Materials Data Handbook is a European equivalent to
MMPDS.
19.1.4 Verify that the likelihood and consequence of failure are accounted for when a material
specification property is less than its corresponding material design allowable property.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 4.1.4
STANAG 4671.613
Reference:
25.613 Reference: CS 25.613*
CS 27.613*
CS 29.613*
19.1.5 Verify that the material property degradation due to the environment (e.g., moisture absorption;
chemical, solvent, fuel, and lubricant exposure; hydrolytic instability; thermal exposure; electromagnetic
radiation; wear; and erosion) is accounted for.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2001: 3.2.2, 4.2.2, 3.2.3, Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.3.2
4.2.3 Reference: 00-970 P1 4.3.4
JSSG-2006: Appendix 00-970 P1 4.3.5
A.3.2.16, A.4.2.16, A.3.11.1, 00-970 P1 4.3.8
A.4.11.1.2.1, A.3.11.2, 00-970 P1 4.3.11
A.4.11.2, A.3.11.3, A.4.11.3, 00-970 P1 4.3.17
A.3.11.4, A.4.11.4 00-970 P1 4.3.33
MIL-HDBK-1568 00-970 P1 4.3.34
MIL-HDBK-1587 00-970 P1 4.3.84
MIL-STD-889 00-970 P1 4.5.6
00-970 P1 4.5.9
00-970 P1 4.6.2
00-970 P7 L200 1.8, 4.4
00-970 P7 L403 3.2.5

STANAG 4671.603
Reference: 4671.613

23.613, 25.609, 25.613 Reference: CS 23.613*
CS 25.603*
CS 25.613*
CS 27.603*
CS 27.613*
CS 29.603*
CS 29.613*
19.1.6 Verify that critical process capability is demonstrated and that procedures for identifying,
monitoring, and controlling critical process variation are in place.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: Appendix Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P9 USAR 605
A.3.2.19.2, A.4.2.19.2, Reference:
A.3.11.1, A.4.11.1.2.1 STANAG 4671.605
Reference:
25.605 Reference: CS 25.605*
CS 27.605*
CS 29.605*
19.1.7 Verify that critical material and process integrity are established.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Jssg-2006: Appendix Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P9 USAR 605
A.3.2.19.2, A.4.2.19.2 Reference:
STANAG 4671.605
Reference: 4671.613

25.605 Reference: CS 25.605*
CS 27.605*
CS 29.605*
19.1.8 Verify that the maximum size and severity limits for damage requiring repair do not exceed repair
capability.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: Appendix Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 L200 8.1
A.3.2.28, A.4.2.28 Reference:
STANAG 4671.573
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference 23.611 EASA CS Nil
Reference:
Comments: CS 23.611, 25.611, 27.611 AND 29.611 cover accessibility provisions, not size and
limits for damage requiring repair.
19.1.9 Verify that insidious failure modes (e.g., hydrogen embrittlement, crack bifurcation) are understood
and accounted for.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 4.3.85
00-970 P7 L200/1 5
00-970 P7 L203/5 2.4
00-970 P7 L406 1.1
00-970 P7 L406/1 4.4.1
STANAG 4671.609
Reference: 4671.613
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.609 EASA CS CS 23.609*
CS 27.609*
CS 29.609*
19.2. CORROSION
19.2.1 Verify that adequate corrosion prevention and control practices are in place for uniform surface
corrosion, pitting, galvanic, crevice, filiform, exfoliation, inter-granular, fretting, high temperature oxidation
(hot corrosion), corrosion fatigue, and stress corrosion cracking.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P1 4.3.2
00-970 P1 4.3.4
00-970 P1 4.3.5
00-970 P1 4.3.8
00-970 P1 4.3.11

00-970 P1 4.3.17
00-970 P1 4.3.33
00-970 P1 4.3.34
00-970 P1 4.3.84
00-970 P1 4.6.2
00-970 P7 L402 7.6
00-970 P7 L405/1
00-970 P7 407
STANAG 4671.571#
CS 29.571#
CS 23.609#
CS 25.609#
CS 27.609#
CS 29.609#
Comments: CS 25.571 covers pressure cabins.
# means judgement call t be made.
19.2.2 Verify that corrosion prevention systems remain effective during the service life, including the
mitigation of environmentally assisted cracking. Specific corrosion prevention and control measures,
procedures, and processes are to be identified and established commensurate with the operational and
maintenance capability.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference: 00-970 P7 L405/1
00-970 P7 L406/1
00-970 P7 L407
STANAG 4671.571
Reference: 4671.609
CS 29.571
CS 23.609
CS 25.609
CS 27.609
CS 29.609
Comments: CS 25.571 covers pressure cabins
19.2.3 Verify that adequate prevention and control practices are in place for non-metallic materials
degradation as a result of the degradation processes described in 19.2.1.

Comm'l Doc:

DoD/MIL Doc: Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 L408
Reference:
STANAG 4671.609
Reference:
CS 27.609
CS 29.609
19.2.4 Verify that the finish systems provide adequate corrosion protection for specific parts, surfaces of
similar and dissimilar materials, and attaching parts and fasteners. Identify/specify all surface treatments,
inorganic and organic coatings, and other protective finishes to be used and their application.

Comm'l Doc:
JSSG-2006: Appendix Reference: 00-970 P7 407
A.3.2.20, A.4.2.20, A.3.11.2, STANAG Nil
A.4.11.2 Reference:
MIL-HDBK-1568
MIL-STD-7179
MIL-STD-889
23.609, 25.603, 25.609 Reference:
Comments: CS 23.603, 25.609, 25.603, 25.609, 27.603, 27.609, 29.603 and 29.609 cover
material properties not finishing processes, such as painting or wet / dry assembly,
sealing etc.
Def-Stan 03-32 is equivalent to MIL-STD-889 for vehicles.
19.3. NONDESTRUCTIVE INSPECTION.
19.3.1 Verify that specific defect types, sizes, and locations critical to material integrity are characterized
and assessed for probability of detection.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671.573
Reference:
Reference:
Comments: MIL-HDBK-6870A Inspection Program Requirements Nondestructive for Aircraft and
Missile Materials and Parts is a US standard.
19.3.2 Verify that non-destructive inspection (NDI) accept/reject criteria are validated and correlated with
'effects of defects' testing.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671.575
Reference: 4671.613
Reference:
Although requirement for NDI is made in both 00-970 and EASA docs no requirement
to validate accept/reject criteria
19.3.3 Verify that the non-destructive inspection manuals are developed and that each of the methods is
valid.

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671.575
Reference:
Reference:
Although requirement is made for NDI in both 00-970 and EASA docs, there is no
requirement to include it in the maintenance manuals
19.3.4 Verify that initial and recurring inspection intervals are defined where applicable.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: Appendix Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 4.6.6
A.3.11.6, A.4.11.6 Reference: 00-970 4.7.2
MIL-HDBK-6870 STANAG 4671.575
Reference:
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference: 23.611 EASA CS Nil
Reference:
Although requirement for NDI is made in 00-970 and EASA docs, there is no
periodicity defined.
19.4. W EAR AND EROSION.
19.4.1 Verify that adequate wear and erosion practices are in place for wear mechanisms (abrasive,
fretting, corrosive, and thermal wear) and erosion mechanisms (impinging fluid, solid particles). Specific
wear and erosion prevention practices, measures, procedures, and processes are to be identified and
established commensurate with the operational and maintenance capability.

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: JSSG-2006: Appendix Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 4.3.30
A.3.2.28, A.4.2.28, A.3.11.4, Reference: 00-970 P1 4.3.40
A.4.11.4 00-970 P1 4.3.57
00-970 P7 407 8.5.7
00-970 P9 UK609d
STANAG 4671.609
Reference:
CS 27.609
CS 27.609
SECTION 20 - OTHER CONSIDERATIONS

1. Design criteria
4. Design approval and system compatibility tests
5. Component and system level qualification and certification tests
7. Hazard analysis and certification
8. Failure modes and effects analysis
9. Avionics integration tests and results
10. System/subsystem self-test design and capabilities
11. Qualification test plans, procedures, and results
12. Ground test results
13. FCA and PCA data
14. Flight manual
15. Software development plan
16. Software development and product specifications
17. Software test plans, test procedures, and test reports
18. Software configuration control/management plan and procedure
19. Flight test reports
20.1. MISSION/TEST EQUIPMENT AND CARGO/PAYLOAD SAFETY.
20.1.1 Verify that the following items do not adversely affect the primary SOF functionality (such as
structural capability, flying and handling qualities, electronic compatibility) of the air vehicle:
a. Special non-SOF mission or test equipment and software including instrumentation and wiring
b. Non-SOF mission-specific equipment and software
c. Nonessential mission equipment (hardware and software)
d. Carry-on/carry-off equipment that will be operated in flight

Comm'l Doc:
Reference:
STANAG 4671.787
Reference:
20.1.2 Verify that carriage of cargo or payload does not adversely affect safety of the air vehicle system.

Comm'l Doc:

DoD/MIL Doc: Refer to technical point of Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P1 5.25.5
contact for this discipline (listed Reference: 00-970 P7 L203 3.3
in section A.2) 00-970 P9 4.9.6
STANAG 4671.685
Reference: 4671.787
4671.1481
4671.787
FAA Doc: 14CFR reference sections EASA CS CS 23.685

corresponding to Structural Reference: CS 25.685
and Installation requirements; CS 27.685
and systems as applicable, i.e.,
CS 29.685
Electrical.
20.1.3 Verify that in-flight CS 23.787
operation of mission-specific CS 25.787
personnel and cargo CS 27.787
equipment (e.g., cargo hooks, CS 29.787
rescue slings and hoists, H-bar CS 25 App K 25.1(c)
and FRIES bar) does not
adversely affect safety of the
air vehicle system.
20.1.3 Verify that in-flight operation of mission-specific personnel and cargo equipment (e.g. cargo hooks,
rescue slings and hoist, H-Bar and FRIES bar) does not adversely affect the safety of the air vehicle
system

Comm'l Doc:
DoD/MIL Doc: Refer to technical point of Def-Stan 00-970 00-970 P7 L205/1
in section A.2) STANAG 4671.865

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EUROPEAN DEFENCE AGENCY

EUROPEAN MILITARY AIRWORTHINESS

Edition Number 1.1

Edition Date 17/12/2010

Status Working Draft

NAME SIGNATURE DATE

DOCUMENT CHANGE RECORD

Edition Edition Reason for change Sections or pages

The Status of the document can take 3 values:

Edition will have the following template: Edition X.Y

SECTION 1 - SCOPE .................................................................................................................................. 8

1.1. Purpose ................................................................................................................................. 8

2.1. General .................................................................................................................................11

3.1. Definitions .............................................................................................................................20

SECTION 4 - SYSTEMS ENGINEERING................................................................................................... 31

4.1. Design criteria. ......................................................................................................................31

5.1. Loads. ...................................................................................................................................40

6.1. Stability and control. ..............................................................................................................73

6.2.1. VCF architecture design. .......................................................................................................91

7.1. Propulsion safety management. ..........................................................................................150

8.1. Hydraulic and pneumatic systems. ......................................................................................185

SECTION 9 - CREW SYSTEMS ...............................................................................................................190

9.1. Escape and egress system..................................................................................................190

9.5. Life support systems. ..........................................................................................................190

SECTION 10 - DIAGNOSTICS SYSTEMS................................................................................................190

10.1. Failure modes. ....................................................................................................................190

11.1. Avionics architecture. ..........................................................................................................190

12.1. Electric power generation system. .......................................................................................190

13.1. Component/subsystem E3 qualification. ..............................................................................190

14.1. System safety program........................................................................................................190

SECTION 15 - COMPUTER RESOURCES...............................................................................................190

15.1. Air vehicle processing architecture. .....................................................................................190

SECTION 16 - MAINTENANCE ................................................................................................................190

16.1. Maintenance manuals/checklists. ........................................................................................190

SECTION 17 - ARMAMENT/STORES INTEGRATION .............................................................................190

17.1. Gun/rocket integration and interface. ...................................................................................190

SECTION 18 - PASSENGER SAFETY .....................................................................................................190

18.1. Survivability of passengers. .................................................................................................190

SECTION 19 - MATERIALS .....................................................................................................................190

19.1. Properties and processes. ...................................................................................................190

SECTION 20 - OTHER CONSIDERATIONS .............................................................................................190

20.1. Mission/test equipment and cargo/payload safety. ...............................................................190

1.2.1. Tailoring to Create the Certification Basis

Tailoring rules are as follows:

1.3. CROSS REFERENCES

1.4. INFORMATION SOURCES

SECTION 2 - APPLICABLE DOCUMENTS

2.2. DEFENCE STANDARDS

• Defence Standard 00-56 - Safety Management Requirements for Defence Systems;

Part / Section Issue Status

STANAG Edition STANAG Title Relevant Ratified by Ratified with

STANAG Edition STANAG Title Relevant Ratified by Ratified with

STANAG Edition STANAG Title Relevant Ratified by Ratified with

STANAG Edition STANAG Title Relevant Ratified by Ratified with

STANAG Edition STANAG Title Relevant Ratified by Ratified with

STANAG Edition STANAG Title Relevant Ratified by Ratified with

STANAG Edition STANAG Title Relevant Ratified by Ratified with

2.4. EASA CERTIFICATION SPECIFICATIONS

• EASA CS 23 - Normal, Utility, Aerobatic and Commuter Category Aircraft Amendment 1;