Modul Adjective

ADJECTIVE (Kata Sifat)
1. An adjective modifies a noun; that is, it provides more detail about a noun. This can be
anything from color to size to temperature to personality. Adjectives usually occur just
before the nouns they modify.
So the formula is (ADJECTIVE + NOUN)

Example. Beautiful woman
Big school
Adjective can be recognized by their word endings as follows:
Suffix Contoh Adjective
-able changeable, readable, reasonable, teachable, workable
-al disfunctional, emotional, periodical, procedural, theorical
-ant exultant, observant, ignorant, important, significant
-ary imaginary, ordinary, unitary
-ed bearded, bored, melted, spoiled, tender-hearted
-ent excellent, convenient, different, frequent, patient, sufficient
-ful beautiful, delightful, helpful, hurtful, playful, useful
-ic basic, empiric, energetic, enthusiastic, periodic, romantic
-ing charming, encouraging, terrifying, interresting, sparkling
-ish boyish, brownish, childish, newish, reddish, snobbish
-ive abusive, active, cooperative, initiative, instinctive, sensitive
-less careless, hopeless, motiveless, priceless, tasteless, useless
-ly friendly, lively, lovely, neighborly, womanly
-ous adventurous, gaseous, momentous, mysterious, religious

-y angry, busy, cloudy, healthy, juicy, sandy, shaky, windy
-ly Adjective
Sebagian kata dengan akhiran -ly seperti early dan monthly dapat digunakan

sebagai adjective maupun adverb (kata keterangan). Sebagian yang lain hanya
digunakan sebagai adjective: friendly, lively, lonely, lovely, neighborly, silly, dan ugly.
2. Adjective is usually followed after lingking Verb
verb of sensation
 feel
 look
 smell
 sound
 taste
verb of being
 act
 appear
 be (am, is, are, was, were, be, been, being)
 become
 continue
 grow
 prove
 remain
 seem
 turn
Example. I feel happy

The car seems expensive
Comparative and Superlative Adjectives
Adjectives with one syllable
Usually if an adjective has only one syllable, we add 'er' to make the comparative form. We add
'est' to make the superlative form.
 clean → cleaner / cleanest
 cold → colder / coldest
 small → smaller / smallest
 young → younger / youngest
 tall → taller / tallest
There are some spelling changes. If there is one vowel followed by one consonant at the end of
the adjective, we often double the consonant.
 wet → wetter / wettest
 big → bigger / biggest
 hot → hotter / hottest
 thin → thinner / thinnest
If the adjective ends in 'y', this often changes to 'i'.
 dry → drier / driest
If the adjective ends in 'e', we don't add another 'e', just 'r'.
 nice → nicer / nicest
 large → larger / largest
Adjectives with two syllables
For adjectives with two syllables we generally use 'more' or 'most'.

 careful → more careful / most careful
 bored → more bored / most bored
But some two syllable adjectives can take 'er' or 'est'. It's also fine to use 'more' (for the
comparative) or 'most' (for the superlative).
 clever → cleverer / cleverest
 simple → simpler / simplest
 narrow → narrower / narrowest
 quiet → quieter / quietest
Adjectives with two syllables that end in 'y' usually can add 'er' or 'est' (y generally changes to i).
It's also fine to use 'more' or 'most'.
 dirty → dirtier / dirtiest
 pretty → prettier / prettiest
 happy → happier / happiest
 ugly → uglier / ugliest
Adjectives with more than two syllables
Adjectives with more than two syllables can only make their comparative by using 'more' and
their superlative by using 'most'.
 beautiful → more beautiful / most beautiful
 intelligent → more intelligent / most intelligent
 interesting → more interesting / most interesting
 expensive → more expensive / most expensive
Irregular adjectives
There are also some irregular adjectives. We just need to learn these forms.
 good → better → best
 bad → worse → worst
 far → further → furthest
 little → less → least
 much → more → most
EXERCISES ON TOEFL
1. Ants have an elaborate structure social, and enjoy a longevity far greater than that of
most insects.
2. In adolescence, a young person may experience some stress emotional due to
conflicting and confusing social demands.
3. Fibers can come from plants, animals, or mineral ores, or they may be made from a
variety chemical substances.
4. The Democratic Party, the most oldest existing political party in the United States, has
played a vital role in the nation‘s history.
5. The midnight sun is a phenomenon in which the Sun visible remains in the sky for
twenty-four hours or longer.

6. Studies by B.F. Skinner indicate that reward positively reinforces behavior and makes
that behavior likely more to recur
7. It may be argued that genetics, the study of heredity and variation, underwent the most
rapid development of any science biological in the twentieth century.
8. The most easiest process for mining gold is panning, which involves using a circular dish
with a small pocket at the bottom.
9. .Metabolism consists of a complicated series of chemicals reactions carried out by living

cells
10. Being the biggest expanse of brackish water in the world, the Baltic Sea is of special
interesting to scientists
11. Herads of migrating caribou, members of the deer family are an important economically
resource to Inuits and other Native Americans
12. Because her work was popular with European royally, Harriet Goodhue Hosmer became
financial successful as a sculptor in the mid-eighteen hundreds
13. The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones of difference size and shapes.
14. The public ceremonies of the Plains Indians are lesser elaborate than those of the
Navajo, in the Southwest.
15. Ice is less denser than liquid from which it is formed.

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ADJECTIVE (Kata Sifat)

So the formula is (ADJECTIVE + NOUN)

Adjective can be recognized by their word endings as follows:

Suffix Contoh Adjective

-able changeable, readable, reasonable, teachable, workable

-al disfunctional, emotional, periodical, procedural, theorical

-ant exultant, observant, ignorant, important, significant

-ary imaginary, ordinary, unitary

-ed bearded, bored, melted, spoiled, tender-hearted

-ent excellent, convenient, different, frequent, patient, sufficient

-ful beautiful, delightful, helpful, hurtful, playful, useful

-ic basic, empiric, energetic, enthusiastic, periodic, romantic

-ing charming, encouraging, terrifying, interresting, sparkling

-ish boyish, brownish, childish, newish, reddish, snobbish

-ive abusive, active, cooperative, initiative, instinctive, sensitive

-less careless, hopeless, motiveless, priceless, tasteless, useless

-ly friendly, lively, lovely, neighborly, womanly

-ous adventurous, gaseous, momentous, mysterious, religious

Sebagian kata dengan akhiran -ly seperti early dan monthly dapat digunakan

2. Adjective is usually followed after lingking Verb

Example. I feel happy

Adjectives with one syllable

Adjectives with two syllables

For adjectives with two syllables we generally use 'more' or 'most'.

2. In adolescence, a young person may experience some stress emotional due to

conflicting and confusing social demands.

variety chemical substances.

played a vital role in the nation‘s history.

twenty-four hours or longer.

9. .Metabolism consists of a complicated series of chemicals reactions carried out by living

Navajo, in the Southwest.

15. Ice is less denser than liquid from which it is formed.

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