2017 Further Maths Exam 2

``
THE
HEFFERNAN
GROUP Student Name……………………………………
P.O. Box 1180
Surrey Hills North VIC 3127
Phone 03 9836 5021
Fax 03 9836 5025
[email protected]
www.theheffernangroup.com.au
FURTHER MATHEMATICS
TRIAL EXAMINATION 2
2017
Reading Time: 15 minutes
Writing time: 1 hour 30 minutes
Instructions to students
This exam consists of Section A and Section B.
Section A contains 7 short-answer and extended answer questions from the core.
Section A is compulsory and is worth 36 marks.
Section B begins on page 12 and consists of 4 modules. You should choose 2 of these
modules and answer every question in each of your chosen modules. Each of the modules is
worth 12 marks.
Section B is worth 24 marks.
There are a total of 60 marks available for this exam.
The marks allocated to each of the questions are indicated throughout.
Students may bring one bound reference into the exam.
Students may bring into the exam one approved technology (calculator or software) and, if
desired, one scientific calculator. Calculator memory does not need to be cleared. For
approved computer-based CAS, full functionality may be used.
Unless otherwise stated, the diagrams in this exam are not drawn to scale.
Formula sheets can be found on pages 30 and 31 of this exam.
This paper has been prepared independently of the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment
Authority to provide additional exam preparation for students. Although references have
been reproduced with permission of the Victorian Curriculum and Assessment Authority, the
publication is in no way connected with or endorsed by the Victorian Curriculum and
Assessment Authority.
 THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2017
This Trial Exam is licensed on a non transferable basis to the purchasing school. It may be
copied by the school which has purchased it. This license does not permit distribution or
copying of this Trial Exam by any other party.
2
SECTION A - Core
Data analysis
This section is compulsory.
Question 1 (6 marks)
The histogram below shows the distribution of the maximum UV index recorded in March in
33 cities.
10
9
8
7
6
fre q u e n c y 5
4
3
2
1
0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16
m a x im u m U V in d e x
a. In how many of these cities was the maximum UV index greater than 10? 1 mark
b. What is the modal interval of this distribution? 1 mark
c. In what percentage of these cities was the maximum UV index less than 6? Round
your answer to one decimal place. 1 mark
_____________________________________________________________________
© THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2017 Further Maths Trial Exam 2
3
The dot plot below shows the same distribution.
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
m a x im u m U V in d e x
d. Find the
i. median. 1 mark
ii. first quartile (Q1). 1 mark
e. Explain why we could use the dot plot but not the histogram to find the exact mean of
this distribution. (Do not calculate the mean). 1 mark
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4
a. The boxplots below show the distribution of the maximum daily UV index in a
northern hemisphere city during June and October.
June
m o n th
O c to b e r
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
m a x im u m d a ily U V in d e x
i. What is the range of the distribution of maximum daily UV index in October?

1 mark
ii. Describe the shape of the distribution of maximum daily UV index in this city
for:
1 mark
June
October
iii. Find the value of the lower fence for the October boxplot and use it to explain
why the maximum daily UV index of 1.5 is an outlier for the month of
October. 2 marks
iv. Explain why the maximum daily UV index is associated with the month of the
year. Give values of appropriate statistics to support your explanation. 1 mark
_____________________________________________________________________
5
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6
b. The five-number summary for the distribution of the maximum daily UV index for
December in this city is given in the table below.
Maximum daily UV index

Minimum 1
Q1 2.5
Median 3.5
Q3 5
 Maximum 6
distribution contains no outliers.

The
Use this five-number summary for December to construct a boxplot on the grid
below. 1 mark
D ecem ber
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
m a x im u m d a ily U V in d e x
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7
The table and scatterplot below shows the latitude, in degrees, and the average annual noon
UV index for a sample of 15 cities located in the southern hemisphere. Data was collected
each day at noon over a twelve year period to obtain these averages.
The association between the variables annual average noon UV index and latitude is to be
investigated using this data.
Average Latitude
annual noon ( south) 14
UV index
13
12.5 12.4
11.2 14.5 12
10.7 18.2 11
10.3 19.6
9.7 20.7 average 10
annual n =15
9.2 23.4 noon 9
8.6 27.8 U V in d e x r ² = 0 .9 6 8 1
8
8.1 30.1
7.2 34.2 7
6.5 37.9
6
5.9 41.3
5.8 45.1 5
7.9 33.0 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50
11.4 17.5 la titu d e
6.8 40.2 (° s o u th )
a. What is the explanatory variable? 1 mark
b. Describe the association between the average annual noon UV index and latitude in
terms of strength, direction and form (use the scatterplot). 1 mark
c. i. Find the equation of the least squares regression line that can be used to
predict the average annual noon UV index from the latitude.
Write the values of the intercept and slope of this line in the boxes below
rounded to two decimal places. 3 marks
average annual noon UV index = +  latitude

ii. Interpret the slope of this least squares regression line in terms of the
variables average annual noon UV index and latitude. 1 mark

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8
d. The coefficient of determination for the association between the variables annual
average noon UV index and latitude is 0.9681.
i. What is the value of Pearson’s correlation coefficient for this data? Round
your answer to two significant figures. 1 mark
ii. Interpret the coefficient of determination in terms of the two variables. 1 mark
_____________________________________________________________________
9
The time series plot below shows the maximum temperature, in degrees Celsius, in a southern
hemisphere city plotted against the month in which it was recorded during 2015.
K ey
u n s m o o th e d
fiv e -m e d ia n
s m o o th e d
m a x im u m
te m p e r a tu r e
(ºC )
Jan F eb M ar A pr M ay Jun Jul A ug Sep O ct N ov D ec
m o n th
a. Five median smoothing is to be used to smooth the time series plot above and the first
four smoothed points are indicated above as crosses (X).
Complete the five median smoothing by placing crosses on the time series plot above
to mark the smoothed values. 2 marks
The monthly seasonal indices for the maximum temperature in this city are shown in the table
below.
monthly seasonal indices

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
1.16 1.09 1.06 1.01 0.91 0.87 0.85 0.96 0.98 1.01 1.03 1.07
b. In 2015 the maximum temperature recorded in March in this city was 34C. Using
the table above, find the deseasonalised value for the maximum temperature in March
2015 for this city. Round your answer to the nearest degree. 1 mark
c. Explain what a monthly seasonal index of 0.85 tells us in terms of this city’s
maximum temperatures in July. 1 mark
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10
Recursion and financial modelling

Courtney opens a savings account and deposits a sum of money. The value of her savings in
this account after n years, Vn can be modelled by the recurrence relation
V0  8 000, Vn 1 1.035 Vn
a.  was the sum of money Courtney deposited in her account?

What 1 mark

b. What is the annual interest rate, compounding yearly, for Courtney’s savings
account? 1 mark
c. Using recursion, write down calculations to find the amount of money in Courtney’s
account at the end of three years. 1 mark
A rule which also gives the value of Courtney’s savings in her account after n years, Vn , is
Vn  a n  b
d. Write down the values of a and b.  1 mark

e. After how many years will the value of Courtney’s savings first exceed $10 000? 1
mark
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11
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12
Courtney is saving money to replace her car which she purchased for $14 000 ten years ago.
a. Courtney’s car has travelled 39 000 kilometres during the ten years. If the car is
depreciated using the unit cost method of depreciation at the rate of $0.32 per
kilometre, find its current value. 1 mark
b. It is decided instead that Courtney’s car will be depreciated using the reducing
balance method of depreciation at the rate of 15% per annum.
Let Cn represent the value of Courtney’s car n years after she purchased it.
i. Write down a recurrence relation, in terms of Cn 1 and Cn , that models the

value of the car. 1 mark


ii. What is the current value of the car? 1 mark
_____________________________________________________________________
13
Courtney borrows $30 000 to buy her new car. Interest is charged at the rate of 6.2% per
annum compounding monthly.
Courtney will make monthly repayments of $1 200 until the loan is fully repaid.
a. How much does Courtney still owe on the loan after six months? 1 mark
b. How much interest does Courtney pay during the first six months of the loan? 1 mark
c. How much interest will Courtney be charged in total over the life of the loan? 2 marks
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14
SECTION B - Modules
Module 1 - Matrices
If you choose this module all questions must be answered.
A dog breeder sells four different breeds of puppies, cavoodles (C), groodles (G), poodles (P)
and spoodles (S).
Matrix N below shows the number of each type of puppy the breeder sold last year.
C G P S
N   25 40 10 55
a. Write down the order of matrix N. 1 mark
The profit, in dollars, made on the sale of each type of puppy is shown in matrix M below
1800  C
1350  G
M  
 2100 P
 
1950  S
b. Find the matrix product NM. 1 mark
c. Explain what the information in the matrix product NM represents. 1 mark
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15
A litter of five puppies named Abby (A), Barney (B), Charlie (C), Drover (D) and Ebert (E)
are observed by the breeder.
The dominance matrix below, indicates which puppies have a one-step dominance over
others.
non - dominant
A B C D E
A 0 1 0 0 1
 
B 0 0 1 0 0
dominant C 1 0 0 0 1
 
D 1 1 1 0 0
E 
0 1 0 1 0 
The ‘1’ in row


A, column B indicates that Abby is dominant over Barney.
The ‘0’ in row A, column C indicates that Charlie is dominant over Abby.
a. Using one-step dominances, which is the most dominant dog in the litter? 1 mark
b. Find the matrix that shows the two-step dominances for this litter. 1 mark
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The breeder keeps 80 female dogs in the breeding program. These dogs are placed in one of
the following four stages of the program:
 not ready for breeding (N)

 producing a litter (L)
 rested from breeding (B)
 retired from breeding (R)
The matrix S 0 below, shows the number of dogs that the breeder had at each stage of the
program at the start of 2015.
10  N
 20 L
S0   
35  B
 
15  R
The transition matrix T below, models the movement of these female dogs through the
different stages of the program from the start of one year to the next.
this year
N L B R
0.5 0 0 0 N
0.4 0 0.6 0
T   L next year
 0 0.7 0.2 0 B
 
 0.1 0.3 0.2 1 R
a. What proportion of dogs who have produced a litter one year would be retired the
following year? 1 mark
Let Sn represent the number of these dogs at each stage of the breeding program n years
after the start of 2015.
b. i. Evaluate the matrix product S1  TS0 . 1 mark



ii. Write down a calculation to show that there would be 21 dogs being rested
from breeding at the start of 2016. 1 mark
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17
iii. If no dogs are added to or leave the breeding program, at the start of which
year will the number of dogs producing a litter first drop below ten? 1 mark
At the start of 2015, the breeder considered an alternative breeding program model whereby a
certain number of dogs would be added to and removed from the program each year.
This alternative model would see the number of dogs Dn at each stage of the breeding
program, n years after the start of 2015 given by
Dn 1  TDn  A where

this year
N L B R
0.5 
0 0 0 N 10  N  4 N
0.4 0 0.6 0 L  20 L  6 L
T  next year D0    and A 
 0 0.7 0.2 0 B 35 B  0 B
     
 0.1 0.3 0.2 1 R 15  R   5 R
c. i. According to this alternative model, what would be the net or overall increase
in the number of dogs added to the breeding program each year? 1 mark
ii. How many dogs would be producing a litter at the start of 2017? Round your
answer to the nearest whole number. 2 marks
_____________________________________________________________________
18
Module 2 - Networks and decision mathematics
An industrial complex is comprised of eight buildings. These buildings A, B, C, D, E, F, G

and H are shown as vertices on the graph below.
D
70 B
50
C
60
50 60
70
70
E 90
H
A
70 50
30 40
60 G
F
The edges of the graph indicate pedestrian walkways connecting the buildings. The numbers
on the edges show the length of these walkways in metres.
a. What is the length, in metres, of the walkway connecting building C and building H?
1 mark
b. Using the walkways, the manager moves around the complex completing a
Hamiltonian cycle starting at building A. How many edges of the graph does this
cycle involve? 1 mark
c. A cleaning machine travels along each of the walkways just once.

What is the distance between the starting point and the finishing point of this cleaning
machine? 1 mark
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19
Some of the walkways between the buildings are to be closed. Each building must be
connected to at least one other building and the total length of walkways remaining open is to
be a minimum.
d. On the diagram below, draw the minimum length of walkways required to keep the
eight buildings connected. 1 mark
D
70 B
50
C
60
50 70 60
70
E 90
H
A
70 50
30 40
60 G
F
_____________________________________________________________________
20
Liquid waste produced in building C at the complex can flow through a system of pipes to a
collection tank.
On the directed network diagram shown below, the numbers on the edges indicate the
maximum number of litres of waste that can flow through each of the pipes per hour. The
arrows indicate the direction of flow.
10
35
45
30
15
25
b u ild in g C c o lle c tio n
20 ta n k
50
40
a. What is the maximum amount of liquid waste, in litres, that can flow from building C
to the collection tank each hour? 1 mark
b. One of the pipes in the system can be removed without affecting the maximum
amount of liquid waste that can flow each hour. Indicate clearly on the diagram above
which pipe this is. 1 mark
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21
An additional building is to be constructed at the industrial complex. The construction project

involves 12 activities A – L.
The duration, in weeks, earliest starting time (EST) and immediate predecessor(s) for these
activities are shown in the table below.
Activity Duration EST Predecessor(s)

A 4 0 -
B 6 0 -
C 3 4 A
D 4 6 B
E 5 10 C, D
F 2 10 C, D
G 5 6 B
H 7 6 B
I 7 15 E
J 5 12
K 3 12 F, G
L 5 15 H, K
The directed network below shows these activities.
A ,4 C ,3 E ,5 I ,7
F ,2 J ,5
s ta rt fin ish
D ,4 K ,3
G ,5 L ,5
B ,6
H ,7
a. Write down the immediate predecessor(s) of activity J. 1 mark
b. What is the latest starting time (LST) of activity C? 1 mark
c. What is the minimum completion time in weeks for the construction project? 1 mark
d. Which activities lie on the critical path? 1 mark
_____________________________________________________________________
22
Activity B can be crashed by up to 4 weeks at a cost of $500 per week.
e. i. What is the least cost of crashing activity B in order to obtain the greatest
reduction in the minimum completion time for the project? 1 mark
ii. Assuming the greatest reduction in the minimum completion time is

achieved, which activities are now critical to the completion of the project in
the minimum time? 1 mark
_____________________________________________________________________
23
Module 3 - Geometry and measurement
A horse racing trophy is in the shape of a sphere resting on a square prism as shown in the
diagram below.
7 .5 c m
15cm
15cm
15cm
The radius of the sphere is 7.5 cm and the side lengths of the prism are 15 cm.
a. What is the total height of the trophy? 1 mark
b. What is the volume of the trophy? Round your answer to the nearest cubic centimetre.
1 mark
_____________________________________________________________________
24
At a race track, the mounting yard at point M is 35 m due east of the corner of the grandstand
at point G. The entrance to the track at point E is due north of point M. A fence extends from
point E to point G and the bearing of point E from point G is 030 as shown in the diagram
below.
n o rth
o
30
G 35 m M
a. What is the length, in metres, of the fence? 1 mark
b. What is the bearing of point G from point E? 1 mark
_____________________________________________________________________
25
At the same race track, the mounting yard at point M is 80 m on a bearing of 020 from the
stables at point S.
Point S is on a bearing of 275 from the carpark at point C and point C is 130 m on a bearing
of 095 from point S as shown on the diagram below.
n o r th
o 80 m
20
o
75 o
S 85
130 m C
a. Find the distance from point C to point M using the cosine rule. Round your answer
to the nearest metre. 2 marks
b. Find the bearing of point M from point C. Round your answer to the nearest degree. 1
mark
_____________________________________________________________________
26
A horse racing carnival is held annually at Royal Ascot racecourse in England located at 51N
and 1W.
a. The town of Limburg, in the Netherlands, lies on the same line of latitude as Royal
Ascot racecourse. What is the latitude of Limburg? 1 mark
N o rth p o le
R oyal
A scot 6400 km
o
39
6400 km
51o
C
b. Assuming that the radius of the earth is 6 400 km, find the shortest great circle
distance between Royal Ascot racecourse and the north pole. Round your answer to
the nearest kilometre. 1 mark
c. The Queen of England arrives at Royal Ascot racecourse (51N, 1W) at 3:15pm one
Saturday. A television viewer in Auckland, New Zealand (37S, 175E) watches her
arrival live. The time difference between Auckland and Royal Ascot racecourse can
be assumed to be 13 hours.
What is the day and the time when the viewer in Auckland sees the arrival of the
Queen? 1 mark
_____________________________________________________________________
27
An advertising hoarding at a racetrack is shown below.
2 .5 m
1 .5 m
3m
1m
The hoarding has, to either side, two identical rectangles of height 3m and width 1m.
The upper curved edge of the hoarding forms a semi-circle of radius 2.5m.
The lower curved edge of the hoarding forms a semi-circle of radius 1.5m.
Find the total surface area of the front of the hoarding, which is shaded above. 2 marks
Round your answer to the nearest square metre.
_____________________________________________________________________
28
Module 4 - Graphs and relations
Leonie is training for a long-distance trek to raise funds for a charity. The graph below shows
the distance in kilometres, Leonie travels against the time, in hours during one of her training
sessions.
d is ta n c e (k m )
30
25
20
15
10
tim e (h o u rs )
O 1 2 3 4
a. What is the total distance, in kilometres, that Leonie travels during this training
session? 1 mark
b. What was the total amount of time, in hours, that Leonie stopped to rest during this
training session? 1 mark
c. Leonie travelled at three different speeds during her training session. What was the
fastest speed Leonie travelled at during her training session. 1 mark
Wendy, who is also preparing for the trek, does a training session that lasts for four hours.
During this time she travels at the same speed and takes no rests. Wendy travels six
kilometers each hour.
d. If Wendy and Leonie start their training session together, how many hours into the
session would they meet up again? 1 mark
_____________________________________________________________________
29
The charity trek has two major sponsors, an insurance company and a bank.
The total sponsorship amount, in dollars, offered by the insurance company, is determined by
the number of trekkers who participate as shown on the graph below.
s p o n so rsh ip
am o u n t ($ )
10 000
8000
6000
4000
2000
num ber
500 1000 1500 o f tr e k k e rs
a. What is the least number of trekkers who need to participate in order for the charity to
receive $5000 from the insurance company? 1 mark
The sponsorship amount, in dollars, offered by the bank is given by the rule
sponsorship amount  2000  5  number of trekkers .
b. On the graph shown above, sketch the graph of this relationship between the
sponsorship amount and the number of trekkers who participate. 1 mark
c. On the day of the trek, the number of trekkers who actually participate is 1200.
State whether the insurance company or the bank contributes the greater sponsorship
amount and state, in dollars, how much greater the contribution is. 1 mark
_____________________________________________________________________
30
Trekkers can opt to participate in a 30 kilometre trek or a 60 kilometre trek.
Let x be the number of trekkers participating in the 30 km trek.

Let y be the number of trekkers participating in the 60 km trek.
There can be a maximum of 1200 trekkers who participate in the 30 km trek.

There must be at least 200 trekkers who participate in the 60 km trek.
The total number of trekkers cannot exceed 1 500.
The inequalities below represent these constraints on the number of each type of trekker
participating in the trek.
Constraint 1 0  x  1 200
Constraint 2 y  200
Constraint 3 x  y  1500
 of transportation limitations to the starting line, the number of 60 km trekkers
Because

participating can only be up to half the number of 30 km trekkers participating.

a. Write down an inequality that represents this fourth constraint relating to
transportation. 1 mark
The graph below shows the boundary lines of the inequalities representing the four
constraints.
1500
1000
500
x
O 500 1000 1500
b. On the graph above, shade the region that satisfies the four constraints. 1 mark
_____________________________________________________________________
31
c. What is the maximum number of 60 km trekkers who can participate? 1 mark
On average, each trekker who participates raises $500 for the charity.
The amount A, in dollars, raised for the charity by the trekkers is given by A  500x  500y
.
d. i.  amount that can be raised

Using the sliding-line method, find the maximum
by the trekkers for the charity. 1 mark
ii. If the amount raised by trekkers for the charity is a maximum, what is the
minimum number of 30 km trekkers who participate in the walk? 1 mark
_____________________________________________________________________
32
Further Mathematics formulas
Core - Data analysis
xx
standardised score z
sx
lower Q1  1.5  IQR

lower and upper fence in a boxplot
upper Q3  1.5  IQR
sy
least squares line of best fit y  a  bx , where b  r and a  y  bx
sx
residual value residual value = actual value – predicted value
actual figure
seasonal index seasonal index  deseasonalised figure
Core – Recursion and financial modelling
first-order linear recurrence relation u0  a , u n 1  bu n  c
effective rate of interest for a  r 

n

reffective  1    1  100%
compound interest loan or investment  100n  
Module 1 - Matrices
a b a b
determinant of a 2  2 matrix A , det A   ad  bc
c d  c d
1 d  b
inverse of a 2  2 matrix A 1  , where det A  0
det A 
 c a 

recurrence relation S 0  initial state , S n 1  TS n  B
Module 2 - Networks and decision mathematics
Euler’s formula v f e2
_____________________________________________________________________
33
Module 3 – Geometry and measurement
1
area of a triangle A bc sin( )
2
1
Heron's formula A s( s  a )( s  b )( s  c ) , where s  (abc)
2
a b c
sine rule  
sin( A ) sin( B ) sin(C )
cosine rule a 2  b 2  c 2  2bc cos( A)
circumference of a circle 2 r

length of an arc r  
180
area of a circle  r2

area of a sector  r2 
360
4
volume of a sphere  r3
3
surface area of a sphere 4 r 2
1
volume of a cone  r 2h
3
volume of a prism area of base  height
1
volume of a pyramid  area of base  height
3
Module 4 – Graphs and relations
y 2  y1
gradient (slope) of a straight line m
x 2  x1
equation of a straight line y  mx  c
END OF FORMULA SHEET
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Current and past VCAA VCE® exams and related content can be accessed directly
at www.vcaa.vic.edu.au
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``

 THE HEFFERNAN GROUP 2017

This section is compulsory.

b. What is the modal interval of this distribution? 1 mark

The dot plot below shows the same distribution.

ii. first quartile (Q1). 1 mark

i. What is the range of the distribution of maximum daily UV index in October?

Maximum daily UV index

distribution contains no outliers.

a. What is the explanatory variable? 1 mark

average annual noon UV index = +  latitude

Jan F eb M ar A pr M ay Jun Jul A ug Sep O ct N ov D ec

monthly seasonal indices

Recursion and financial modelling

V0  8 000, Vn 1 1.035 Vn

a.  was the sum of money Courtney deposited in her account?

d. Write down the values of a and b.  1 mark

i. Write down a recurrence relation, in terms of Cn 1 and Cn , that models the

ii. What is the current value of the car? 1 mark

If you choose this module all questions must be answered.

a. Write down the order of matrix N. 1 mark

b. Find the matrix product NM. 1 mark

c. Explain what the information in the matrix product NM represents. 1 mark

The ‘1’ in row

 not ready for breeding (N)

b. i. Evaluate the matrix product S1  TS0 . 1 mark

Module 2 - Networks and decision mathematics

If you choose this module all questions must be answered.

An industrial complex is comprised of eight buildings. These buildings A, B, C, D, E, F, G

c. A cleaning machine travels along each of the walkways just once.

An additional building is to be constructed at the industrial complex. The construction project

Activity Duration EST Predecessor(s)

The directed network below shows these activities.

a. Write down the immediate predecessor(s) of activity J. 1 mark

b. What is the latest starting time (LST) of activity C? 1 mark

d. Which activities lie on the critical path? 1 mark

Activity B can be crashed by up to 4 weeks at a cost of $500 per week.

ii. Assuming the greatest reduction in the minimum completion time is

Module 3 - Geometry and measurement

If you choose this module all questions must be answered.

a. What is the total height of the trophy? 1 mark

a. What is the length, in metres, of the fence? 1 mark

b. What is the bearing of point G from point E? 1 mark

An advertising hoarding at a racetrack is shown below.

Module 4 - Graphs and relations

If you choose this module all questions must be answered.

sponsorship amount  2000  5  number of trekkers .

Trekkers can opt to participate in a 30 kilometre trek or a 60 kilometre trek.

Let x be the number of trekkers participating in the 30 km trek.

There can be a maximum of 1200 trekkers who participate in the 30 km trek.

c. What is the maximum number of 60 km trekkers who can participate? 1 mark

d. i.  amount that can be raised

Further Mathematics formulas

Core - Data analysis

lower Q1  1.5  IQR

residual value residual value = actual value – predicted value