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    Unit 7 Chemical Changes: Summary Questions

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    Lei Yin
    The document discusses chemical changes and reactions, including exothermic and endothermic reactions. It provides example questions and answers about chemical bonding, combustion reactions, and electrochemical cells. The document contains detailed information and examples related to essential chemistry concepts for IGCSE students.

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    Unit 7 Chemical Changes: Summary Questions

    Uploaded by

    Lei Yin
    59 views2 pages
    The document discusses chemical changes and reactions, including exothermic and endothermic reactions. It provides example questions and answers about chemical bonding, combustion reactions, and electrochemical cells. The document contains detailed information and examples related to essential chemistry concepts for IGCSE students.

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    Ess-Chem-Unit-7-Answers

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    The document discusses chemical changes and reactions, including exothermic and endothermic reactions. It provides example questions and answers about chemical bonding, combustion reactions, and electrochemical cells. The document contains detailed information and examples related to essential chemistry concepts for IGCSE students.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    59 views2 pages

    Unit 7 Chemical Changes: Summary Questions

    Uploaded by

    Lei Yin
    The document discusses chemical changes and reactions, including exothermic and endothermic reactions. It provides example questions and answers about chemical bonding, combustion reactions, and electrochemical cells. The document contains detailed information and examples related to essential chemistry concepts for IGCSE students.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 2

    E s s e n t i a l C h e m i s t r y f o r C a m b r i d g e I G C S E ® 2 nd E d i t i o n

    Unit 7 Chemical changes


    SUMMARY QUESTIONS:
    1 (a) Exothermic
    (b) Endothermic
    (c) Endothermic
    (d) Exothermic
    2 Endothermic – a reaction which absorbs heat energy
    Exothermic – a reaction which gives out heat energy
    Isotopes – atoms of the same element having different numbers of neutrons
    Radioactive – an atom giving out energy as waves or particles
    Combustion – burning in oxygen
    3 Uranium; carbon; pollutant; oxygen; water; decay; energy; turbine; electricity
    4 Bond breaking – endothermic
    Bond making – exothermic
    Coal – fossil fuel
    Electrochemical cell – portable source of energy
    Uranium–235 – a radioactive isotope

    PRACTICE QUESTIONS:
    1 B The reaction absorbs heat energy
    2 D Hydrogen
    3 (a) Exothermic
    (b) Take temperature of the acid and alkali separately; add them together in a beaker;
    record temperature after mixing.
    (c) HCl and KOH on left dotted line; KCl and H2O on right hand dotted line; 20 kJ by red arrow.
    (d) 40 kJ
    4 (a) (i) Sodium hydroxide OR calcium chloride
    (ii) Potassium nitrate
    (b) Endothermic
    (c) Sodium hydroxide
    (d) (i) 10 °C
    (ii) 40 °C

    © OUP 2015: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchaser’s institute
    E s s e n t i a l C h e m i s t r y f o r C a m b r i d g e I G C S E ® 2 nd E d i t i o n

    5 (a) Releases heat energy (on reaction).


    (b) Bond breaking is endothermic; bond making is exothermic; more energy released on
    forming bonds than in breaking bonds.
    (c) As in Figure 7.1.2a with CH4 + 2O2 in place of ‘reactants’, CO2 + 2H2O in place of products
    and arrow pointing down; reactants on left and products on right; product level below
    reactant level; arrow downwards showing exothermic reaction.
    (d) (i) 4 × 435 = 1740
    2 × 498 = 996
    total = 2736 kJ
    (ii) 2 × 805 = 1610
    4 × 464 = 1856
    total = 3466 kJ
    (iii) −3466 + 2736 = −730 kJ (ignore wrong sign)
    6 (a) Any three of:
    Hydrogen burns to give water; water is non-polluting; not a greenhouse gas; more energy
    per gram with hydrogen; fossil fuels form carbon dioxide when burned; carbon dioxide is a
    greenhouse gas.
    (b) 2 × 436 = 872 kJ to break bonds of hydrogen, 498 kJ to break the bonds in oxygen.
    Total = 1370 kJ for breaking bonds in reactants; 4 × 464 = 1856 kJ released when
    water forms; −1856 + 1370 = −486 kJ released (ignore sign).
    (c) (i) O2 + 2H2O +4e− → 4OH−
    (ii) 2H2 + 4OH− → 4H2O + +4e−
    (iii) At cathode / negative electrode / negative pole electrons are released; at anode /
    positive electrode / positive pole electrons are taken up / positive pole less good at
    releasing electrons; electrons move around circuit from where there are more electrons
    (or greater electron density of electrons) to where there are less electrons (or lower
    electron density) / electrons move in the direction to equalise the electron density.
    7 (a) Aqueous potassium nitrate / (dilute) sulfuric acid
    (b) Zinc higher in the electrochemical / reactivity series; zinc better at releasing electrons
    (or reverse argument).
    (c) Electron density greater on zinc than on copper; electrons move in direction to equalise
    electron density / move from high to low electron density.
    (d) (i) Voltage decreases
    (ii) Voltage increases
    (iii) No difference in electron density (or electrode potential) on electrodes / each electrode
    has same ability to release electrons.

    © OUP 2015: this may be reproduced for class use solely for the purchaser’s institute

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