International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)

Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: [email protected]

Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2020 ISSN 2319 - 4847

Analysis of RCC Beam Using GFRP Wrapped

with Cellular Stirrups
T.Subramani1, R. Ranjith Kumar2, G.Abishiya3 , David P Alex4, Stiji Stephen 5
1
Professor & Dean, Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College,Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation
(Deemed to be University), Salem, India
2
Assistant Professor & Head, Department of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology
Delhi NCR Campus, Modinagar, Ghaziabad- 201204, Uttar Pradesh, India.
3,4,5
Former UG Student, , Department of Civil Engineering, VMKV Engineering College,Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation
(Deemed to be University), Salem, India

ABSTRACT
Many of the current worldwide reinforced concrete structures urgently need rehabilitation, repair or reconstruction as a
consequence of various factors, including corrosion, lack of detail, failure to bind between column beam joints, increases in
service loads, and so on. FRP composite has been agreed as a successful substitute for repairing and increasing RCC structural
strength.As a composite of fibres-reinforced polymer (FRP), RCC structures increase in strength due to their exceptional
properties such as high strength to weight, corrosion and fire resistance, increased fatigue resistance and energy absorption
capabilities. This paper is intended for the testing of damaged reinforced concrete beams remedied by the addition of GFP
overlays to beams. Analytically and experimentally examined the ultimate load carrying capacity and deflection capacity of the
RCC beam and wrapped GFRP beam. The investigation was done with ANSYS software.
Keyword: RCC Beam, GFRP, Cellular and Stirrups.

1. INTRODUCTION
Almost all engineering structures, ranging from residential buildings, industrial buildings to power stations and
bridges, face degradation or deterioration throughout their lifetime. These deteriorations are mainly caused by
environmental effects such as corrosion by steel, gradual loss of strength as an aging process, variation in temperature,
freeze-thawing cycles, repeated high-intensity loading, chemicals and saline contact with water. Another main cause of
structural deterioration is the addition of earthquakes to these environmental effects. This issue requires the
development of successful structural retrofit technologies. Several investigations were made in order to strengthen the
structures by retrofitting technology. There are still many drawbacks to the findings from the numerous investigations
concerning improvements in fundamental parameters such as strength / stiffness, ductility and resilience of structural
components retrofitted with externally bondable FRP composites, albeit very promising. It requires more studies so that
FRP composites can be recognized as a possible structural additive in full proof. FRP reparation is an simple way to
enhance a structure's strength and design life. This repair method is ideal for the deteriorated concrete structure
because of its high strength to weight ratio and corrosion resistance.
1.1 Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)
The glass enhanced polymer / plastic is a newly produced material for the flexural strengthening of the RC and the
masonry framework. The key advantages of this technology include high weight strength, good fatigue properties and
fiber-reinforced non-corroding characteristics. The resin matrix attaches the fiber and also links concrete to GFRP. The
successful replacement of plates in steel for beam reinforcement with external wrapping has been identified. This
increases the strength of the beam and its stability, but the deflection efficiency and ductility are reduced.
1.2 Objectives
The objective is achieved by conducting the following tasks.

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 To improve the load carrying capacity of RCC beams by retrofitting with GFRP.
 To study the load deflection behaviour of flexural deficient beams which are retrofitted with GFRP.
 To study the ductility of flexural deficient beams.
 To compare the strength of experimental and analytical results of normal RCC beam and GFRP wrapped RCC
beams.

2. METHODOLOGY
Figure 1 shows the methodology of the study.

Figure 1 Methodology

3. FIBRE REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES

3.1 Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP) In Construction, Types and Uses
Composite fiber enhanced polymer (FRP) is a fiber-reinforced polymer. It constitutes a class of materials which fall
within a category known as composites. Composite materials are formed by dispersing one or more material particles in
another material, creating an ongoing network around them. FRP composites differ from conventionalconstruction
materials such as aluminium and steel. FRP are anisotropic composites, while Steel and Aluminium are isotropic. Their
properties are also directional, so the strongest mechanical characteristics are in the direction of the placing of the fiber.
3.1.2 Types of Fibre Reinforced Polymer (FRP)

3.1.2.1 Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer (GFRP)

Glass fibers are basically formed by combining sand, calcareous, folic and other minor components of silica. The
mixture is heated to around 1260 ° C until it melts. The molten glass will then flow into a platinum plate through fine
hole. The glass beams are cooled, collected and wounded. The fibers are drawn so that directional strength is increased.
The fibers are then woven into various shapes for composite use. Figure 2 shows the Glass fibre reinforced polymer
bars.

Figure 2 Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Bars

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3.1.2.2 Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer (CFRP)

Carbon fiber has a 200-800 GPa high elasticity modulus. The highest elongation is 0.3-2.5% where the lower
elongation is higher rigidity and vice versa. Carbon fibers are water free and resistant to a wide variety of chemical
solutions. They are excellent resistant to fatigue and neither corrode nor crunch or relaxation. Figure 3 shows the
carbon fibre reinforced polymer bars.

Figure 3Carbon Fibre Reinforced Polymer Bars

3.1.2.3 Aramid Fibre Reinforced Polymer (AFRP)

The short aromatic polyamide type is Aramid. Kevlar is a well-known brand of aramid fibers. The fiber modules are
70-200 GPa with a final extension, depending on price, of 1.5 to 5 percent. The strength of Aramid is high and is also
used for the helmets and bulletproof clothing. Sensitive to higher temperatures, humidity and ultraviolet radiation, they
are not commonly used incivil engineering. Finally, Aramid fibers have relaxation problems and stress corrosion
issues. Figure 4 shows the Aramid fibre.

Figure 4Aramid fibre

3.1.3 Applications of FRP

 Carbon FRPs are used in pretensioned concrete for applications where CFRP is important for its high corrosion
resistance and electromagnetic transparency.
 The steps and pathways are fitted with composites for saving weight and resistance to corrosion.
 This is used in hybrid high-performance structures.
 For concrete buildings, the FRP bars are used as internal reinforcement.
 For seismic retrofitting, FRPs are being used.
 In building special structures requiring electric neutrality, fiber-reinforced polymers will be used.

4. ABOUT ANSYS
4.1 Introduction to Ansys
ANSYS is a FEA (Finite Element Analysis) software package. A pre-processor is the software engine used to construct
geometry. Then a solution process is used to prepare the desired geometry. In the end, after processor results are given
in the program engine (ANSYS Structural Analysis Guide). RCC beams laminated with GFRP are finite element
modelled with the aid of FEA software ANSYS. Finite element beam models have been developed in order to simulate
structural behavior using the ANSYS system by non-linear reaction and up to failure.

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4.2 Finite Element Analysis

Finite element analysis (FEA) is an extremely helpful method to numerically estimate physical structures that are too
complex for standard research approaches in the field of civil engineering. Finite Element Analysis or FEA is analysis
of a physical phenomenon by a quantitative statistical method called the Finite Element or FEM process. This approach
is at the core of mechanical and other fields. This is also a central principle for the development of applications for
simulation. These FEMs can be used by engineers to minimize the number of physical samples and to perform
simulated research to improve their designs.
4.2.1 FRP laminates
Materials made of two substances are FRP composites. The elements are macroscopically mixed and are not soluble. A
part of the reinforcement is the continuous polymer called the matrix, which is incorporated into the second
constituent. In the case of fibres, i.e. carbon and glass, the supporting material is typically stronger and more stiffening
than the matrix. The FRP composites are orthotropic materials, i.e. not all their characteristics are the same.

5. ANALYSIS RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

5.1 Model Creation
The RC beam model is created by merging finite element RCC concrete model 100 mm spacing steel reinforcement &
RCC element 100 mm spacing with cellular stirrups model as shown in Figure 4 & 5 for flexural beam. A perfect bond
is assumed between the concrete and the steel reinforcement. Figure 5 shows the RCC beam 100mm bar spacing with
cellular stirrups

Figure 5RCC beam 100mm bar spacing withcellular stirrups

The RC beam model is created by merging finite element RCC model 100mm spacing cellular stirrups reinforcement
with 5mm GFRP laminates model as shown in Figure 6.

Figure 6RCC beam 100mm bar spacing with cellular stirrups &5mm GFRP laminated

5.2 Deflection
The result of the maximum deformation analyse by finite element model on GFRP beams and conventional reinforced
concrete beam are shown in the Figures 7 and Figure 8

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5.2.1 First Crack Load Deflection for Different Beams

Figure 7 Deflection of RCC beam 100mm spacing with cellular stirrups

Figure 8 Deflection of RCC beam 100mm spacing with cellular stirrups& 5mm GFRP

5.2.2 Yield Load Deflection for Different Beams

Figure 9 shows the Deflection of RCC beam 100mm spacing with cellular stirrups.

Figure 9Deflection of RCC beam 100mm spacing with cellular stirrups

Figure 10 shows the Deflection of RCC beam 100mm spacing with cellular stirrups & 5mm GFRP

Figure 10 Deflection of RCC beam 100mm spacing with cellular stirrups & 5mm GFRP

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5.2.3 Ultimate Load Deflection for Different Beams

Figure 11 shows the Deflection of RCC beam 100mm spacing with cellular stirrups

Figure 11 Deflection of RCC beam 100mm spacing with cellular stirrups

Figure 12 shows Deflection of RCC beam 100mm spacing with cellular stirrups& 5mm GFRP

Figure 12 Deflection of RCC beam 100mm spacing with cellular stirrups& 5mm GFRP

5.3 Comparision Of Experimental Vs Analytical Results

5.3.1 First Crack Load Vs Deflection

Table 1 shows the First crack load Vs Deflection.

Table 1: First crack load Vs Deflection

5.3.2 Yield Load Vs Deflection

Table 2 shows the Yield Load Vs Deflection.

Table 2: Yield Load Vs Deflection

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5.3.3 Ultimate Load Vs Deflection

Table 3 shows the Ultimate Load Vs Deflection.

Table 3: Ultimate Load Vs Deflection

5.3.4 Deflection Ductility

Table 4 shows the Deflection ductility.

Table 4: Deflection ductility

5.3.5 Ductility Ratio

Table 5 shows the ductility ratio.

Table 5: Ductility ratio

Figure 13 shows the 100 CS (Normal RCC beam).

Figure 13100 CS (Normal RCC beam)

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The normal RCC beam 100CS exhibit the first crack load, yield load, ultimate Load of 20 kN, 35.5 kN& 65 kN
respectively. The deflection level observed in the beam experimentally was 1.16 mm, 3.65 mm &14.54 mm
respectively, through non-linear FEA it was 1.232 mm, 3.345 mm & 13.197 mm respectively.
Figure 14 shows the 100CS5 (RCC beam with 5 mm GFRP laminated).

Figure 14 100CS5 (RCC beam with 5 mm GFRP laminated)

The GFRP laminated RCC beam 100CS5 exhibit the first crack load, yield load, ultimate Load of 35 kN, 72.5 kN& 145
kN respectively. The deflection level observed in the beam experimentally was 3.1 mm, 6.85 mm & 30.4 mm
respectively, through non-linear FEA it was 1.856 mm, 5.688 mm & 22.925 mm respectively.

6. CONCLUSION
The present experimental and analytical study is made for the comparison of flexural behaviour of control beam and
beam wrapped by GFRP. Following conclusions were drawn from the test results:
 The use of GFRP on the surface of the concrete provides greater crack protection and beam deformation
characteristics.
 Relative to the control beam, the overall load carrying capacity of the RCC wrapped GFPR has been improved.
 Their cracking, yield, and ultimate strength increased dramatically with reinforced concrete beams strengthened
with GFRP sheets.
 For the case of GFRP beams wrapped RCC, initial cracks occur at higher loads.

References

[1] T.Subramani, J.Jayalakshmi , " Analytical Investigation Of Bonded Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Sheets With
Reinforced Concrete Beam Using ANSYS" , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering &
Management (IJAIEM) ,Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 105-112 , 2015
[2] T.Subramani. , S.Vishnu priya, “Finite Element Analysis of a Natural Fiber (Maize) Composite Beam”,
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 1), pp 1 – 7, 2014,
[3] T.Subramani., R.Senthil Kumar, “Modelling and Analysis of Hybrid Composite Joint Using Fem in ANSYS”,
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 6 (Version 1), pp 41- 46, 2014.
[4] T.Subramani, S.Sharmila, “Prediction of Deflection and Stresses of Laminated Composite Plate with Artificial
Neural Network Aid”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Volume 4, Issue 6 (Version 1), pp
51 -58, 2014.
[5] T.Subramani., S.Sundar, M.Senthilkumar, “Investigation of the Behaviour for Reinforced Concrete Beam Using
Non Linear Three Dimensional Finite Elements”, International Journal of Modern Engineering Research, Volume.
4, Issue. 6 (Version 2), pp 13 -18, 2014,
[6] T.Subramani, A.Arul, "Design And Analysis Of Hybrid Composite Lap Joint Using Fem" International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 5), pp 289- 295, 2014.

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: [email protected]
Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2020 ISSN 2319 - 4847

[7] T.Subramani., J.Jothi,, M.Kavitha "Earthquake Analysis Of Structure By Base Isolation Technique In SAP",
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 5), pp 296 - 305,
2014.
[8] T.Subramani., R.Manivannan.R, M.Kavitha, "Crack Identification In Reinforced Concrete Beams Using ANSYS
Software" ,International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 6), pp
133 - 141, 2014.
[9] T.Subramani., Reni Kuruvilla, J.Jayalakshmi., “Nonlinear Analysis Of Reinforced Concrete Column With Fiber
Reinforced Polymer Bars" International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications Volume. 4, Issue. 6
(Version 5), pp 306- 316, 2014.
[10] T.Subramani, D.Sakthi Kumar, S.Badrinarayanan. "Fem Modelling And Analysis Of Reinforced Concrete Section
With Light Weight Blocks Infill " International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4,
Issue. 6 (Version 6), pp 142 149, 2014.
[11] T.Subramani, B.Saravanan., J.Jayalakshmi., “Dynamic Analysis Of Flanged Shear Wall Using Staad Pro",
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6 (Version 6), pp 150 - 155,
2014.
[12] T.Subramani, M.Subramani., K.Prasath.,"Analysis Of Three Dimensional Horizontal Reinforced Concrete Curved
Beam Using ANSYS" International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, Volume. 4, Issue. 6
(Version 6), pp 156 - 161, 2014.
[13] T.Subramani., K.Bharathi Devi., M.S.Saravanan. , Suboth , Analysis Of RC Structures Subject To Vibration By
Using ANSYS,” International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications Vol. 4, Issue 12(Version 5),
pp.45-54, 2014.
[14] T.Subramani., K.Bharathi Devi., M.S.Saravanan., Suboth Thomas, “Analysis Of Seismic Performance Of Rock
Block
Structures With STAAD Pro International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications Vol. 4, Issue 12(Version
5), pp.55- 68, 2014.
[15] T.Subramani., T.Krishnan., M.S.Saravanan.M , Suboth Thomas, “Finite Element Modeling On Behaviour Of
Reinforced Concrete Beam Column Joints Retrofitted With CFRP Sheets Using ANSYS” International Journal of
Engineering Research and Applications Vol. 4, Issue 12(Version 5), pp.69 -76, 2014
[16] T.Subramani., S.Krishnan., M.S.Saravanan.M, Suboth Thomas “Analysis Of Retrofitting Non-Linear Finite
Element Of RCC Beam And Column Using ANSYS” International Journal of Engineering Research and
Applications ,Vol. 4, Issue 12(Version 5), pp.77-87, 2014.
[17] T.Subramani, J.Jayalakshmi , " Analytical Investigation Of Bonded Glass Fibre Reinforced Polymer Sheets With
Reinforced Concrete Beam Using ANSYS" , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering &
Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 4, Issue 5, pp. 105-112 , 2015
[18] T.Subramani and M.Kavitha, “Analysis Of Reliability Of Steel Frame Systems With Semi-Rigid Connections
Using
Numerical Method And Finite Element Analysis”, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER),
Volume 10, Number 38,Special Issues, pp.28240-28246, 2015.
[19] T.Subramani, M.S.Saravanan, “Analysis Of Non Linear Reinforced And Post Tensioned Concrete Beams Using
ANSYS”, International Journal of Applied Engineering Research (IJAER) International Journal of Applied
Engineering Research (IJAER), Volume 10, Number 38 Special Issues, pp.28247-28252, 2015
[20] T.Subramani, K.Balamurugan , " Finite Element Anaylsis Of Composite Element For FRP Reinforced Concrete
Slab By Using ANSYS" , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management
(IJAIEM) , Volume 5, Issue 5, pp. 076-084 , 2016 .
[21] T.Subramani, V.Kanian Poonkundran , "Prefabricated Multistory Structure Exposure To Engineering Seismicity
By Using SAP" , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) ,
Volume 5, Issue 5, pp.123-131 , 2016 .
[22] T.Subramani, A.Kumaravel , " Analysis Of Polymer Fibre Reinforced Concrete Pavements By Using ANSYS" ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 5, Issue 5,
pp. 132-139 , 2016
[23] T.Subramani, R.Praburaj , " Pushover Anaylsis Of Retrofitted Reinforced Concrete Buildings By Using SAP" ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 5, Issue 5,
pp. 140-147 , 2016 .
[24] T.Subramani, M.Senthilkumar , " Finite Element Anaylsis Of RC Beams With Externally Bonded Simcon
Laminates By Using ANSYS" , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management
(IJAIEM) , Volume 5, Issue 5, pp. 148-155 , 2016

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International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM)
Web Site: www.ijaiem.org Email: [email protected]
Volume 9, Issue 12, December 2020 ISSN 2319 - 4847

[25] T.Subramani, R.Vasanthi , " Earth Quake Resistant Building Using SAP" , International Journal of Application or
Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume 5, Issue 5, pp. 173-181 , 2016 .
[26] T.Subramani, A.Selvam , " Studies On Economical Configuration Of RCC And Prestressed Shell Roofs By Using
ANSYS " , International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM) , Volume
5, Issue 5, pp. 182-191 , 2016 .
[27] T.Subramani, A.Anbuchezian , " Experimental Investigation On Flexural Behavior Of Folded Ferro Cement
Panels " ,
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 3,
March 2017 ,pp. 045-049 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[28] T.Subramani, A. Fizoor Rahman , " An Experimental Study On The Properties Of Pet Fibre Reinforced Concrete
",
International Journal of Application or Innovation in Engineering & Management (IJAIEM), Volume 6, Issue 3,
March 2017 ,pp. 058-066 , ISSN 2319 - 4847.
[29] T.Subramani, S.Poongothai, S.Priyanka , " Analytical Study Of T Beam Column Joint Using FEM Software " ,
International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), Volume 6, Issue 3, May
- June 2017 , pp. 148-156, ISSN 2278-6856
[30] T.Subramani, R.Ganapathy,V.Manoharan, M.Balamurugan, R.Murugesan , " Design And Analysis Of Light
Weight Concrete Building Using ETAB With Respect To Dynamic Loading " , International Journal of Emerging
Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), Volume 6, Issue 3, May - June 2017 , pp. 252-258 , ISSN
2278-6856.
[31] T.Subramani, A.Mohammed Ali, R.Karthikeyan, E.Panner Selvan , K.Periyasamy , " Analytical Study Of T-Beam
Using ANSYS " , International Journal of Emerging Trends & Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS),
Volume 6, Issue 3, May -June 2017 , pp. 259-266 , ISSN 2278-6856.
[32] T.Subramani, V.Kalaivanan, S.Priyaranjithkumar, P.Sasikumar, P.Vinoth Kumar , "Design And Analysis Of
Multistorey Building With Respect To Seismic Loads Using ETABS " , International Journal of Emerging Trends
& Technology in Computer Science (IJETTCS), Volume 6, Issue 3, May - June 2017 , pp. 267-274 , ISSN 2278-
6856.

AUTHOR

Prof. Dr. T. Subramani Working as Dean of Civil Engineering in Vinayaka Missions Kirupananda Variyar
Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (Deemed to be University), Salem, Tamilnadu,
India. Having more than 29 years of Teaching experience in Various Engineering Colleges. He got awarded
Doctoral degree in Civil Engineering from Anna University, Chennai, got awarded his Post Graduation M.E
degree in Urban Engineering from College of Engineering, Anna University in 1992, got awarded his
graduation B.E degree in Bharathiar University in 1989. He also got awarded Post Graduation in Business
Administration - MBA from Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation,[Deemed to be University] - Salem. He
is serving as reviewer for many International Journals and also published 285 papers in International Journals.
He published 21 Indian Patents and got grant for 2 Indian Patents and 9 International Patents (Australia). He
has presented more than 100 papers in conferences, especially 70 in International and 30 National Level. He
has authored 07 books. Guided more than 259 students in PG projects. Currently he is guiding 06 Ph.D.,
Research Scholars. He is serving as examiner and Valuer for B.E & M.E Degree Theory and Practical
Examinations for Madras University, Periyar University, Anna University, Annamalai University and Vinayaka
Missions Research Foundation [Deemed to be University]. He is Question paper setter and Valuer for UG and
PG Courses of Civil Engineering in number of Universities. He is serving as Academic Council member of
VMRF(Deemed to be University) and Chairman of Board Of Studies (Civil Engineering), Vinayaka Missions
Research Foundation [Deemed to be University]. Also he is a member of Board of studies in Periyar
University. He is Life Fellow in Institution of Engineers (India) and Institution of Valuers. Life member in
number of Technical Societies and Educational bodies like MISTE, MIGS, MIRC,ISRMTT, UWA, Salem
District Small and Tiny Association (SADISSTIA), SPC – Salem Productivity Council. He has delivered much
technical talk in various field. He is a Chartered Civil Engineer and Approved Valuer for many banks. He is a
Licensed Building Surveyor in Salem City Municipal Corporation-Salem, and Licensed Civil Engineer in
Salem Local Planning Authority- Salem. He is the recipient of many prestigious awards

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R. Ranjith Kumar holds a Ph.D. in Civil Engineering from Anna University, Chennai. He has received his
M.E in Environmental Engineering and Management from Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Coimbatore.
Completed Under graduation in St.Peters Engineering College, Chennai.He is having more than 11.5 years of
teaching experience. His research areas include Bioremediation, Industrial Wastewater Treatment, Solid Waste
Management, Air Pollution etc. He has to his credit more than 10 publications in International Journals,
magazines and in conference proceedings. He is having membership in professional bodies namely Indian
Concrete Institute, Institution of Engineers India, andMember in the International Association of Engineers.
Active participants in National Institute of Technical Teachers Training and Research(NITTTR) Chandigarh.
Currently working as Asst. Professor and Head of Civil Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology
Delhi NCR Campus, Ghaziabad.

G.Abishiya did her B.E Under graduate in the branch of Civil Engineering at Vinayaka Missions
Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (Deemed to be University)
, Salem. She has well knowledge in Building Design and works.

David P Alex did his B.E Under graduate in the branch of Civil Engineering at Vinayaka Missions
Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (Deemed to be University)
, Salem. He has well knowledge in AUTOCAD drawing. His hobbies are playing Basketball.

Stiji Stephen did her B.E Under graduate in the branch of Civil Engineering at Vinayaka Missions
Kirupananda Variyar Engineering College, Vinayaka Missions Research Foundation (Deemed to be University)
, Salem. She has well knowledge in AUTOCAD drawing and Estimations works.



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